CN117898279A - Method for removing harmful plants from ancient city wall - Google Patents
Method for removing harmful plants from ancient city wall Download PDFInfo
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- CN117898279A CN117898279A CN202410235990.0A CN202410235990A CN117898279A CN 117898279 A CN117898279 A CN 117898279A CN 202410235990 A CN202410235990 A CN 202410235990A CN 117898279 A CN117898279 A CN 117898279A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 81
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 241000705930 Broussonetia papyrifera Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005627 Triclopyr Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005562 Glyphosate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyphosate Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCP(O)(O)=O XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940097068 glyphosate Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- REEQLXCGVXDJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlopyr Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl REEQLXCGVXDJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005558 Fluroxypyr Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- MEFQWPUMEMWTJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluroxypyr Chemical compound NC1=C(Cl)C(F)=NC(OCC(O)=O)=C1Cl MEFQWPUMEMWTJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001093951 Ailanthus altissima Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000167847 Koelreuteria paniculata Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008444 Celtis occidentalis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000018962 Celtis occidentalis Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013500 Melia azadirachta Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 244000237986 Melia azadirachta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010678 Paulownia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000933832 Broussonetia Species 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005885 Buprofezin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001649190 Campsis Species 0.000 description 2
- CAWXEEYDBZRFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexazinone Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(N(C)C)=NC(=O)N1C1CCCCC1 CAWXEEYDBZRFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000000233 Melia azedarach Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000055346 Paulownia Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- PRLVTUNWOQKEAI-VKAVYKQESA-N buprofezin Chemical compound O=C1N(C(C)C)\C(=N\C(C)(C)C)SCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 PRLVTUNWOQKEAI-VKAVYKQESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000007631 Cassia fistula Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004752 Laburnum anagyroides Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219470 Mirabilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000416 exudates and transudate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003334 potential effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/002—Arrangements for cleaning building facades
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
- A01M21/04—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity
- A01M21/043—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity by chemicals
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for removing harmful plants from ancient city walls, and belongs to the technical field of protection of the ancient city walls. The invention firstly uses a mechanical method to remove most stem leaves of woody plants on the wall, and then uses a mode of drilling holes on the root and adding chemical agents to completely kill harmful plants on the wall. The invention overcomes the defect that the traditional mechanical method for removing the plants on the wall is easy to re-sprout; the chemical agent is not in direct contact with the wall material, so that the problem that the chemical agent can cause corrosion damage to the wall is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of protection of ancient urban walls, and particularly relates to a method for removing urban wall harmful plants.
Background
The Mingqing urban wall is an important ancient military defending building facility in China, and has extremely high historical cultural value and building artistic value. The Chinese Ming Qing City wall is approved by the national relic office to be listed in the list of the Chinese world cultural heritage preparation list, so that the Chinese Ming Qing City wall is scientifically and effectively protected, and has important significance for successful inheritance. However, after history transition for more than six hundred years, most of Ming and Qing Ming urban walls have problems of wind, cracks, bulge, flaking and the like, and meanwhile, the wall is damaged due to mass growth of plants.
The damage of the wall plants to the urban wall is mainly in two aspects: on one hand, the root cleavage effect of plants can mechanically damage the wall; on the other hand, the root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms of plants chemically corrode the wall. Research shows that urban wall plant root system and wall brick microbial population can secrete various organic acids, and can accelerate the corrosion action of the wall brick surface by promoting the dissolution of wall materials, increasing the action time of water and rock, promoting physical differentiation and other mechanisms. Therefore, the method effectively eliminates and controls the wall plants, and is an effective means for protecting the urban wall.
At present, the control of the wall plants mainly comprises three methods of a mechanical method, a chemical method and a biological method, but all have certain disadvantages. The mechanical method may cause a certain damage to the wall structure in the cleaning process, the cleaning effect is often temporary, and some plants such as paper mulberry, ailanthus altissima and the like still germinate and grow again even after being cut, so that the plants are difficult to thoroughly kill. Although chemical herbicides can kill walling plants rapidly, their potential ecological risks and chemical damage to walling are not well defined. For example, there is evidence that glyphosate can in some cases acid degrade stone, change the surface color of stone, and cause it to expand, resulting in crack growth. In the starting stage of the research of the biological method in the aspect of ancient building protection, the use effect of campsis and other climbing plants and the potential influence of the campsis on the wall and the surrounding environment are still to be evaluated.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method for removing urban wall harmful plants, which combines the characteristics of simple mechanical operation and excellent chemical method effect, and adds chemical agents into plants to avoid direct contact with wall materials, thereby realizing effective killing of urban wall woody plants.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A method for removing harmful plants from urban wall includes such steps as cutting trunk at 1-3cm distance from rooting point of wall, punching holes in residual rootstock, and applying chemical to kill it.
Preferably, the diameter of the rootstalk of the woody plant is more than or equal to 1cm.
More preferably, the woody plant comprises one or more of Broussonetia papyrifera, ailanthus altissima, paulownia, chinaberry, miao tree, and goldenrain tree.
Preferably, the diameter of the application hole is 0.6-1.0cm, and the depth is 1-3cm.
Preferably, the killing chemical agent is glyphosate-triclopyr, and the application amount is 0.2-2 g/plant; or the killing chemical agent is fluroxypyr, and the application amount is 0.5-2 mL/plant.
Preferably, the application aperture is wrapped or covered with a plastic film.
Preferably, the method also comprises the step of directly pulling out harmful plants with root diameters less than 1cm and shallow root systems.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides a method for removing harmful plants on urban walls, which comprises the steps of firstly removing most stems and leaves of woody plants on the walls by a mechanical method, and then completely killing the harmful plants on the walls by drilling holes on the roots and adding chemical agents. The invention overcomes the defect that the traditional mechanical method for removing the plants on the wall is easy to re-sprout; the chemical agent is not in direct contact with the wall material, so that the problem that the chemical agent can cause corrosion damage to the wall is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the re-emergence and root splitting effects of a woody plant in a wall;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of test agent chemistry;
FIG. 3 shows the growth of the underground roots of Broussonetia papyrifera after application of different chemical agents;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the efficacy of glyphosate, triclopyr and fluroxypyr;
figure 5 shows the killing effect of glyphosate and triclopyr on urban wall plants.
Detailed Description
The root splitting effect of the plants can mechanically damage the wall, and the plants still germinate and grow again after being cut, so that the plants are difficult to thoroughly kill, as shown in fig. 1. The invention provides a method for removing harmful plants from urban walls, which can prevent the damage of the urban walls by the plants on the walls and prevent the re-germination of the harmful plants. The invention comprises the following steps: the woody plant is taken as a cleaning object, the trunk is cut off at a position 1-3cm away from the rooting point of the wall body, preferably 2cm, pesticide application holes are drilled on the rest rootstock, and the killing chemical agent is applied in the pesticide application holes.
The diameter of the rootstalk of the woody plant which is preferably removed by the invention is more than or equal to 1cm. For harmful plants with root diameter less than 1cm and shallow root system, the plant is directly removed.
The preferred woody plants of the invention include one or more of Broussonetia papyrifera, ailanthus altissima, paulownia, chinaberry, mirabilis, and goldenrain.
The present invention preferably makes the application hole according to the trunk cross section, more preferably 0.6 to 1.0cm in diameter, still more preferably 0.8cm, and 1 to 3cm in depth, still more preferably 2cm. As an embodiment, an electric drill is selected as the punching tool for punching.
The preferred killing chemical agent is glyphosate and triclopyr, and the application amount is 0.2-2 g/plant, and more preferably 1 g/plant; or fluroxypyr in an amount of 0.5 to 2 mL/plant, more preferably 1 mL/plant. The glyphosate and triclopyr are optimal medicaments for killing urban wall plants, and the fluroxypyr also has excellent killing effect as a candidate medicament. The specific source of the killing chemical agent is not particularly limited, and the killing chemical agent can be obtained directly through a commercial way.
The application holes are preferably covered or covered by plastic films so as to prevent rainwater pollution or medicament pollution to the surrounding environment. The specific specification of the plastic film is not particularly limited, and the plastic film can be obtained directly through a commercial way.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Selecting woody plants: and when the weather is clear and the weather is 7 months in 2023, 3 broussonetia papyrifera trees are selected from the top steps of the urban wall of the liberated gate section of the Nanjing urban wall, the plant height is 1.2-1.8m, the root diameter is 17-32mm, the trees grow healthily, and the appearance of the leaves is free from yellowing, worm-eating and the like.
(2) Growing plants grown on the steps at the top of the urban wall in the step stone seams, cutting the trunk of the broussonetia papyrifera by using a saw, and reserving 1-2cm ground stems on the surface of the wall;
(3) A dispensing hole having a diameter of 8mm and a depth of 1cm was drilled in the remaining stem portion by means of an electric drill or the like, and 0.5-1.7g of glyphosate/triclopyr was added to the dispensing hole.
(4) The application holes to which the chemical agent is added are covered with a plastic film to prevent the influence of rainwater or the pollution of the surrounding environment.
Root conditions were observed 24 days after completion of the administration, and experimental results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 killing effect of Brown wall top step Broussonetia papyrifera
As shown in fig. 5, the root systems of all the treated ground surfaces have no re-sprouting phenomenon, and the xylem is blackened and rotten, which shows that the method has a strong killing effect on the broussonetia papyrifera.
Example 2
(1) Selecting woody plants: and when the weather is clear and the weather is 8 months in 2023, 6 paper mulberry trees grown on the urban wall body of the crescent and lake section of the Nanjing urban wall are selected, the plant height is 1.0-1.8m, the root diameter is 13-35mm, the trees grow healthily, and the appearance of the leaves is free from yellowing, worm-eating and the like.
(2) Plants grown on the urban wall grow in the stone seams of the wall, the trunk of the broussonetia papyrifera is cut off by a saw, and the ground stems 1-2cm on the surface of the wall are reserved.
(3) A dispensing hole with a diameter of 6-8mm and a depth of 1cm was drilled in the remaining stem portion by means of an electric drill or the like, and 0.3-0.6g of glyphosate-triclopyr was placed in the dispensing hole.
(4) The application hole to which the chemical agent is added is covered with a plastic film to prevent the influence of rain shadow or the pollution of the surrounding environment.
Root conditions were observed 42 days after completion of the administration, and experimental results are shown in table 2. The re-sprouting phenomenon of all the treated surface root systems does not occur, and the xylem is blackened and rotten, which shows that the method has a strong killing effect on the broussonetia papyrifera.
TABLE 2 killing effect of Brown wall Broussonetia papyrifera
Example 3
A method for removing harmful plants from urban walls comprises the following steps:
(1) For wall plants with root diameters less than 1cm and shallow and undeveloped root systems, the wall plants can be completely removed after being pulled out;
(2) Cutting off trunks of wall woody plants with the root diameters of more than or equal to 1cm at the position 1cm away from the rooting points of the wall;
(3) Punching a pesticide application hole with the diameter of 0.6cm and the depth of 1cm on the residual rhizome, and carefully adding 0.2g of glyphosate and triclopyr into the pesticide application hole;
(4) The application hole is carefully wrapped by a plastic film to avoid the influence of factors such as rainwater.
Example 4
A method for removing harmful plants from urban walls comprises the following steps:
(1) For wall plants with root diameters less than 1cm and shallow and undeveloped root systems, the wall plants can be completely removed after being pulled out;
(2) Cutting off trunks of wall woody plants with the root diameters of more than or equal to 1cm at a position 3cm away from a rooting point of the wall;
(3) Punching a pesticide application hole with the diameter of 1cm and the depth of 3cm on the residual rhizome, and carefully adding 2g of glyphosate and triclopyr into the pesticide application hole;
(4) The application hole is carefully wrapped by a plastic film to avoid the influence of factors such as rainwater.
Example 5
A method for removing harmful plants from urban walls comprises the following steps:
(1) For wall plants with root diameters less than 1cm and shallow and undeveloped root systems, the wall plants can be completely removed after being pulled out;
(2) Cutting off trunks of wall woody plants with the root diameters of more than or equal to 1cm at a position 2cm away from a rooting point of the wall;
(3) Punching a drug application hole with the diameter of 0.8cm and the depth of 2cm on the residual rhizome, and carefully adding 1mL of fluroxypyr into the drug application hole;
(4) The application hole is carefully wrapped by a plastic film to avoid the influence of factors such as rainwater.
Example 6
Killing effect of different chemical agents on plants harmful to urban wall
The current commonly used paper mulberry clearing medicines mainly comprise hexazinone, glyphosate, triclopyr, fluroxypyr and the like; in addition, sodium chloride can also dehydrate plant cells to apoptosis by high osmotic pressure. The chemical structures of the effective components of the four chemical agents are shown in figure 2, and are used as agents to be screened to carry out wall plant killing performance evaluation experiments.
Broussonetia papyrifera which is widely distributed on urban walls and is not easy to kill is selected as tree species, and the chemical agent with screening is applied to the wall plants according to the method of the invention. After a certain time, the killing condition of the wall plants is inspected. The results are shown in Table 3, and the buprofezin particles show tillers at the roots of plants 60 days after the application of the medicines, which indicates that the buprofezin cannot kill the roots of the paper mulberry. The rest three chemical medicines have potential activity because no tillers occur at the application part.
TABLE 3 Broussonetia papyrifera cleaning experiment conditions and effects
In order to further evaluate the killing condition of each chemical drug on the residual roots of the paper mulberry, the growth condition of underground root systems is examined. As shown in figure 3, the broussonetia papyrifera root system after the hexazinone is applied has developed lateral roots and good growth condition, and accords with the germination and tillering condition of the surface root system. Although the root system of the surface of the paper mulberry with sodium chloride does not sprout, the underground rhizome of the paper mulberry grows well, the lateral root system is developed, and therefore, the sodium chloride does not completely kill the root system of the paper mulberry. The broussonetia papyrifera root system using the glyphosate, triclopyr and fluroxypyr has the phenomena of lateral root degeneration, skin falling, blackening and rot of woody parts, and the like, which indicates that the root system is completely dead and has the rot phenomenon.
In order to further compare the action and effect of the glyphosate, triclopyr and fluroxypyr, the rotting condition of the root section is further compared. As shown in FIG. 4, the blackening and decomposition of broussonetia papyrifera root system after administration of glyphosate and triclopyr was more serious, indicating that the efficacy was stronger and the effect was faster. Glyphosate and triclopyr are the optimal agents for killing urban wall plants, as shown in figure 5.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for removing harmful plants from urban walls is characterized in that woody plants are taken as removing objects, trunks are cut off at positions 1-3cm away from rooting points of walls, pesticide application holes are drilled in the residual rhizomes, and killing chemical agents are applied in the pesticide application holes.
2. The method for removing harmful plants from urban walls according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the rootstock of the woody plant is not less than 1cm.
3. The method for removing urban wall-damaged plants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the woody plant comprises one or more of broussonetia papyrifera, ailanthus altissima, paulownia tomentosa, neem, hackberry tree, goldenrain tree.
4. The method for removing harmful plants from urban walls according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the application hole is 0.6-1.0cm and the depth is 1-3cm.
5. The method for removing harmful plants from urban walls according to claim 1, wherein the killing chemical is glyphosate triclopyr applied in an amount of 0.2-2 g/plant.
6. The method for removing harmful plants from urban walls according to claim 1, wherein the killing chemical is fluroxypyr applied in an amount of 0.5-2 mL/plant.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the application holes are covered or covered with plastic film.
8. The method for removing harmful plants from urban walls according to claim 1, further comprising directly removing harmful plants with root diameters of less than 1cm and shallow roots.
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| CN202410235990.0A CN117898279A (en) | 2024-03-01 | 2024-03-01 | Method for removing harmful plants from ancient city wall |
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Effective date of registration: 20240605 Address after: 210000 No. 1, qianhuhou village, Zhongshan Menwai, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province Applicant after: INSTITUTE OF BOTANY,JIANGSU PROVINCE AND CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Country or region after: China Applicant after: Nanjing City Wall Protection Management Center Applicant after: Nanjing City Wall Research Association Address before: 210000 No. 1, qianhuhou village, Zhongshan Menwai, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province Applicant before: INSTITUTE OF BOTANY,JIANGSU PROVINCE AND CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Country or region before: China |