CN117886616A - 一种锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN117886616A
CN117886616A CN202311758210.2A CN202311758210A CN117886616A CN 117886616 A CN117886616 A CN 117886616A CN 202311758210 A CN202311758210 A CN 202311758210A CN 117886616 A CN117886616 A CN 117886616A
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董舜杰
张姗
章林
鲍莉
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Anhui Ruitai New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,包括下述质量份的原料:焦宝石65份~80份、石英砂10份~20份、硅灰3份~8份、氧化铝微粉2份~5份、改性莫来石纤维1份~2份、结合剂6份~12份、分散剂0.1份~0.3份、防爆纤维0.1份~0.2份、柠檬酸0.01份~0.02份。本发明还公开了上述锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料的制备方法。本发明的锂电回收回转窑无水泥浇注料具有高强度、优良的抗热震性能和耐侵蚀性,能够保证锂电回收回转窑的正常运行,并延长其使用寿命。

Description

一种锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着新能源和汽车行业的发展,锂离子电池的应用大幅度增长,产生了大量的废旧锂电池。废旧锂电池的电极活性材料中含有大量的稀有贵金属材料,而且废旧锂电池的丢弃存在安全隐患和对环境的威胁,因此需要进行回收利用。目前,对废旧锂电池的回收方法主要是先对锂电池进行破碎处理,然后在回转窑中热解去除有机物,再进一步分离回收金属等活性物质。这就要求用于废旧锂电池回收处理的回转窑浇注料需要具有高强度、优良的抗热震性能和耐侵蚀性。
无水泥浇注料是指不含水泥结合剂,而是依靠微粉或溶胶作为结合剂,通过产生凝聚而结合的浇注料。无水泥浇注料的杂质含量低,因而不会导致浇注料的耐高温性能和抗熔渣侵蚀性明显下降,因此适合用于对耐高温性能和耐侵蚀性能要求高的场合。目前,无水泥浇注料的结合剂主要是二氧化硅溶胶或微粉,在高温强度、抗热震性能方面仍需改进。因此,有必要开发一种具有优良的高温强度、抗热震性能的锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,从而更好地保证锂电回收回转窑的正常运行,并延长其使用寿命。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料及其制备方法。
本发明提出的一种锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,包括下述质量份的原料:焦宝石65份~80份、石英砂10份~20份、硅灰3份~8份、氧化铝微粉2份~5份、改性莫来石纤维1份~2份、结合剂6份~12份、分散剂0.1份~0.3份、防爆纤维0.1份~0.2份、柠檬酸0.01份~0.02份;
所述改性莫来石纤维的制备方法包括:将莫来石纤维加入ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶中,分散均匀,然后冷冻干燥,即得;
所述结合剂为硅溶胶、铝溶胶或其组合。
优选地,所述ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶由ZrO2溶胶和莫来石溶胶按质量比为(0.15~0.25):1混合后,用去离子水稀释得到,其中ZrO2溶胶的固含量为20~30%,莫来石溶胶的固含量为20~30%;所述ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶的固含量为0.5~1%。
优选地,所述莫来石纤维的长度为20~300μm。
优选地,所述莫来石纤维与ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶的质量比为1:(8-10)。
优选地,所述焦宝石由粒径小于5mm且大于等于3mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于3mm且大于等于1mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于0.088mm的焦宝石粉按质量比为(20~30):(15~18):(16~22):(12~16)组成。
优选地,所述石英砂由粒径小于0.5mm且大于等于0.074mm的石英砂、粒径小于0.074mm的石英砂按质量比为(5~10):(5~10)组成。
优选地,所述结合剂由硅溶胶、铝溶胶按质量比为(1~3):1组成。
优选地,所述硅溶胶的固含量为25~40%、铝溶胶的固含量为20~40%。
优选地,所述分散剂为三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠中的至少一种。
一种所述的锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料的制备方法,包括下述步骤:先将焦宝石、石英砂、硅灰、氧化铝微粉、改性莫来石纤维混合均匀,然后加入分散剂、防爆纤维和柠檬酸混合均匀,然后加入结合剂和适量水,搅拌均匀,即得。
优选地,在锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料的制备方法中,水的用量为所述浇注料质量的1~5%。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明的浇注料以焦宝石为基质,焦宝石具有优良的耐高温性能和抗侵蚀性,适合应用于工业窑炉耐火材料;以硅溶胶、铝溶胶或其组合作为结合剂,不使用水泥结合剂,浇注料中杂质含量少,能够进一步改善浇注料的耐高温性能和抗熔渣侵蚀性;在浇注料中加入了ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶改性的莫来石纤维,在莫来石纤维表面形成莫来石晶核,可以在高温处理后在浇注料内部形成以莫来石纤维为中心均匀分布的莫来石晶须,而ZrO2能够起到促进晶须形成、并且改善莫来石纤维与浇注料结合性能的作用,因此,在高温处理后的浇注料内部具有结合紧密的莫来石纤维和其表面的莫来石晶须构成的三维网络结构,能够显著改善浇注料的高温强度和抗热震性能。本发明的锂电回收回转窑无水泥浇注料具有高强度、优良的抗热震性能和耐侵蚀性,能够保证锂电回收回转窑的正常运行,并延长其使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面,通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
一种锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,包括下述质量份的原料:焦宝石77份、石英砂16份、硅灰5份、氧化铝微粉3份、改性莫来石纤维1.5份、结合剂10份、三聚磷酸钠0.1份、防爆纤维0.1份、柠檬酸0.01份;
焦宝石由粒径小于5mm且大于等于3mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于3mm且大于等于1mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于0.088mm的焦宝石粉按质量比为26:16:20:15组成;
石英砂由粒径小于0.5mm且大于等于0.074mm的石英砂、粒径小于0.074mm的石英砂按质量比为8:8组成;
改性莫来石纤维的制备方法包括:将长度为100~200μm的莫来石纤维加入固含量为0.8%的ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶中,分散均匀,然后冷冻干燥,即得,其中莫来石纤维与ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶的质量比为1:8.5;ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶是由ZrO2溶胶和莫来石溶胶按质量比为0.2:1混合后,用去离子水稀释得到,其中ZrO2溶胶的固含量为25%,莫来石溶胶的固含量为25%,其制备方法为:按照Al2O3∶SiO2=3∶2的化学计量比,称取硝酸铝溶解于硅溶胶溶液中,然后在常温下加入氨水搅拌反应6h,得到莫来石溶胶;
结合剂由固含量为30%的硅溶胶、固含量为30%的铝溶胶按质量比为2:1组成。
上述锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料的制备方法为:先将焦宝石、石英砂、硅灰、氧化铝微粉、改性莫来石纤维混合均匀,然后加入分散剂、防爆纤维和柠檬酸混合均匀,然后加入结合剂和相当于浇注料质量3%的水,搅拌均匀,即得。
实施例2
一种锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,包括下述质量份的原料:焦宝石65份、石英砂20份、硅灰3份、氧化铝微粉5份、改性莫来石纤维2份、结合剂6份、三聚磷酸钠0.1份、防爆纤维0.1份、柠檬酸0.01份;
焦宝石由粒径小于5mm且大于等于3mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于3mm且大于等于1mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于0.088mm的焦宝石粉按质量比为20:15:16:12组成;
石英砂由粒径小于0.5mm且大于等于0.074mm的石英砂、粒径小于0.074mm的石英砂按质量比为5:10组成;
改性莫来石纤维的制备方法包括:将长度为100~200μm的莫来石纤维加入固含量为0.5%的ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶中,分散均匀,然后冷冻干燥,即得,其中莫来石纤维与ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶的质量比为1:8;ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶是由ZrO2溶胶和莫来石溶胶按质量比为0.15:1混合后,用去离子水稀释得到,其中ZrO2溶胶的固含量为20%,莫来石溶胶的固含量为20%,其制备方法为:按照Al2O3∶SiO2=3∶2的化学计量比,称取硝酸铝溶解于硅溶胶溶液中,然后在常温下加入氨水搅拌反应6h,得到莫来石溶胶;
结合剂由固含量为30%的硅溶胶、固含量为30%的铝溶胶按质量比为2:1组成。
上述锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料的制备方法为:先将焦宝石、石英砂、硅灰、氧化铝微粉、改性莫来石纤维混合均匀,然后加入分散剂、防爆纤维和柠檬酸混合均匀,然后加入结合剂和相当于浇注料质量3%的水,搅拌均匀,即得。
实施例3
一种锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,包括下述质量份的原料:焦宝石80份、石英砂10份、硅灰8份、氧化铝微粉2份、改性莫来石纤维1份、结合剂12份、三聚磷酸钠0.3份、防爆纤维0.2份、柠檬酸0.02份;
焦宝石由粒径小于5mm且大于等于3mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于3mm且大于等于1mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于0.088mm的焦宝石粉按质量比为30:18:22:16组成;
石英砂由粒径小于0.5mm且大于等于0.074mm的石英砂、粒径小于0.074mm的石英砂按质量比为10:5组成;
改性莫来石纤维的制备方法包括:将长度为100~200μm的莫来石纤维加入固含量为1%的ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶中,分散均匀,然后冷冻干燥,即得,其中莫来石纤维与ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶的质量比为1:10;ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶是由ZrO2溶胶和莫来石溶胶按质量比为0.25:1混合后,用去离子水稀释得到,其中ZrO2溶胶的固含量为30%,莫来石溶胶的固含量为30%,其制备方法为:按照Al2O3∶SiO2=3∶2的化学计量比,称取硝酸铝溶解于硅溶胶溶液中,然后在常温下加入氨水搅拌反应8h,得到莫来石溶胶;
结合剂由固含量为30%的硅溶胶、固含量为30%的铝溶胶按质量比为2:1组成。
上述锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料的制备方法为:先将焦宝石、石英砂、硅灰、氧化铝微粉、改性莫来石纤维混合均匀,然后加入分散剂、防爆纤维和柠檬酸混合均匀,然后加入结合剂和相当于浇注料质量3%的水,搅拌均匀,即得。
对比例1
一种无水泥浇注料,包括下述质量份的原料:焦宝石77份、石英砂16份、硅灰5份、氧化铝微粉3份、长度为100~200μm的莫来石纤维1.5份、结合剂10份、三聚磷酸钠0.1份、防爆纤维0.1份、柠檬酸0.01份;
焦宝石由粒径小于5mm且大于等于3mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于3mm且大于等于1mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于0.088mm的焦宝石粉按质量比为26:16:20:15组成;
石英砂由粒径小于0.5mm且大于等于0.074mm的石英砂、粒径小于0.074mm的石英砂按质量比为8:8组成;
结合剂由固含量为30%的硅溶胶、固含量为30%的铝溶胶按质量比为2:1组成。
上述无水泥浇注料的制备方法为:先将焦宝石、石英砂、硅灰、氧化铝微粉、莫来石纤维混合均匀,然后加入分散剂、防爆纤维和柠檬酸混合均匀,然后加入结合剂和相当于浇注料质量3%的水,搅拌均匀,即得。
对比例2
一种无水泥浇注料,包括下述质量份的原料:焦宝石77份、石英砂16份、硅灰5份、氧化铝微粉3份、长度为100~200μm的莫来石纤维1.5份、ZrO2-莫来石微粉0.1份、结合剂10份、三聚磷酸钠0.1份、防爆纤维0.1份、柠檬酸0.01份;
焦宝石由粒径小于5mm且大于等于3mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于3mm且大于等于1mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于0.088mm的焦宝石粉按质量比为26:16:20:15组成;
石英砂由粒径小于0.5mm且大于等于0.074mm的石英砂、粒径小于0.074mm的石英砂按质量比为8:8组成;
ZrO2-莫来石微粉是由ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶冷冻干燥得到,其中ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶是由固含量为25%的ZrO2溶胶和固含量为25%的莫来石溶胶按质量比为0.2:1混合得到,莫来石溶胶的制备方法为:按照Al2O3∶SiO2=3∶2的化学计量比,称取硝酸铝溶解于硅溶胶溶液中,然后在常温下加入氨水搅拌反应6h,得到莫来石溶胶;
结合剂由固含量为30%的硅溶胶、固含量为30%的铝溶胶按质量比为2:1组成。
上述无水泥浇注料的制备方法为:先将焦宝石、石英砂、硅灰、氧化铝微粉、莫来石纤维、ZrO2-莫来石微粉混合均匀,然后加入分散剂、防爆纤维和柠檬酸混合均匀,然后加入结合剂和相当于浇注料质量3%的水,搅拌均匀,即得。
对比例3
一种无水泥浇注料,包括下述质量份的原料:焦宝石77份、石英砂16份、硅灰5份、氧化铝微粉3份、改性莫来石纤维1.5份、结合剂10份、三聚磷酸钠0.1份、防爆纤维0.1份、柠檬酸0.01份;
焦宝石由粒径小于5mm且大于等于3mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于3mm且大于等于1mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于0.088mm的焦宝石粉按质量比为26:16:20:15组成;
石英砂由粒径小于0.5mm且大于等于0.074mm的石英砂、粒径小于0.074mm的石英砂按质量比为8:8组成;
改性莫来石纤维的制备方法包括:将长度为100~200μm的莫来石纤维加入固含量为0.8%的ZrO2溶胶稀释液中,分散均匀,然后冷冻干燥,即得,其中莫来石纤维与ZrO2溶胶稀释液的质量比为1:8.5;
结合剂由固含量为30%的硅溶胶、固含量为30%的铝溶胶按质量比为2:1组成。
上述无水泥浇注料的制备方法为:先将焦宝石、石英砂、硅灰、氧化铝微粉、改性莫来石纤维混合均匀,然后加入分散剂、防爆纤维和柠檬酸混合均匀,然后加入结合剂和相当于浇注料质量3%的水,搅拌均匀,即得。
对比例4
一种无水泥浇注料,包括下述质量份的原料:焦宝石77份、石英砂16份、硅灰5份、氧化铝微粉3份、改性莫来石纤维1.5份、结合剂10份、三聚磷酸钠0.1份、防爆纤维0.1份、柠檬酸0.01份;
焦宝石由粒径小于5mm且大于等于3mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于3mm且大于等于1mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于0.088mm的焦宝石粉按质量比为26:16:20:15组成;
石英砂由粒径小于0.5mm且大于等于0.074mm的石英砂、粒径小于0.074mm的石英砂按质量比为8:8组成;
改性莫来石纤维的制备方法包括:将长度为100~200μm的莫来石纤维加入固含量为0.8%的莫来石溶胶稀释液中,分散均匀,然后冷冻干燥,即得,其中莫来石纤维与莫来石溶胶稀释液的质量比为1:8.5;莫来石溶胶稀释液的制备方法为:按照Al2O3∶SiO2=3∶2的化学计量比,称取硝酸铝溶解于硅溶胶溶液中,然后在常温下加入氨水搅拌反应6h,得到固含量为25%的莫来石溶胶,再用去离子水稀释,得到莫来石溶胶稀释液;
结合剂由固含量为30%的硅溶胶、固含量为30%的铝溶胶按质量比为2:1组成。
上述锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料的制备方法为:先将焦宝石、石英砂、硅灰、氧化铝微粉、改性莫来石纤维混合均匀,然后加入分散剂、防爆纤维和柠檬酸混合均匀,然后加入结合剂和相当于浇注料质量3%的水,搅拌均匀,即得。
试验例
分别对实施例1和对比例1~4的浇注料制成160mm×40mm×40mm的试样,经110℃烘干后,经过1500℃下煅烧3h,分别测定不同温度热处理后的耐压强度(GB/T 5072-2008)和抗折强度(GB/T 3001-2007)。
分别取实施例1和对比例1~4的浇注料制成160mm×40mm×40mm的试样,经110℃烘干后,经过1300℃下煅烧3h,然后测试试样的热震性能,测试方法如下:将电炉升温至1100±10℃,保温30min,然后将试样置于电炉中,在1100下保温15min,置于室温循环水中快冷冷却3min,然后取出试样置于空气中直至室温。循环处理5次,计算试样的抗折强度保持率,抗折强度保持率=热震处理后残余抗折强度/热震处理前抗折强度×100%。
测试结果如表1所示:
表1
由此可见,本申请的无水泥浇注料在高温强度、抗热震性能方面得到了显著的提升。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,其特征在于,包括下述质量份的原料:焦宝石65份~80份、石英砂10份~20份、硅灰3份~8份、氧化铝微粉2份~5份、改性莫来石纤维1份~2份、结合剂6份~12份、分散剂0.1份~0.3份、防爆纤维0.1份~0.2份、柠檬酸0.01份~0.02份;
所述改性莫来石纤维的制备方法包括:将莫来石纤维加入ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶中,分散均匀,然后冷冻干燥,即得;
所述结合剂为硅溶胶、铝溶胶或其组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,其特征在于,所述ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶由ZrO2溶胶和莫来石溶胶按质量比为(0.15~0.25):1混合后,用去离子水稀释得到,其中ZrO2溶胶的固含量为20~30%,莫来石溶胶的固含量为20~30%;所述ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶的固含量为0.5~1%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,其特征在于,所述莫来石纤维的长度为20~300μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,其特征在于,所述莫来石纤维与ZrO2-莫来石复合溶胶的质量比为1:(8~10)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,其特征在于,所述焦宝石由粒径小于5mm且大于等于3mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于3mm且大于等于1mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的焦宝石颗粒、粒径小于0.088mm的焦宝石粉按质量比为(20~30):(15~18):(16~22):(12~16)组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,其特征在于,所述石英砂由粒径小于0.5mm且大于等于0.074mm的石英砂、粒径小于0.074mm的石英砂按质量比为(5~10):(5~10)组成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,其特征在于,所述结合剂由硅溶胶、铝溶胶按质量比为(1~3):1组成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,其特征在于,所述硅溶胶的固含量为25~40%、铝溶胶的固含量为20~40%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料,其特征在于,所述分散剂为三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠中的至少一种。
10.一种如权利要求1~9任一项所述的锂电回收回转窑耐火用无水泥浇注料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括下述步骤:先将焦宝石、石英砂、硅灰、氧化铝微粉、改性莫来石纤维混合均匀,然后加入分散剂、防爆纤维和柠檬酸混合均匀,然后加入结合剂和适量水,搅拌均匀,即得。
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