CN117855695A - High specific energy battery - Google Patents
High specific energy battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN117855695A CN117855695A CN202410047183.6A CN202410047183A CN117855695A CN 117855695 A CN117855695 A CN 117855695A CN 202410047183 A CN202410047183 A CN 202410047183A CN 117855695 A CN117855695 A CN 117855695A
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- air electrode
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 75
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 75
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 38
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 31
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
- H01M12/065—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/112—Monobloc comprising multiple compartments
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/138—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings adapted for specific cells, e.g. electrochemical cells operating at high temperature
- H01M50/1385—Hybrid cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
- H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
- H01M50/1535—Lids or covers characterised by their shape adapted for specific cells, e.g. electrochemical cells operating at high temperature
- H01M50/1537—Lids or covers characterised by their shape adapted for specific cells, e.g. electrochemical cells operating at high temperature for hybrid cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high specific energy battery, wherein a water inlet hole for conveying solvent or water is formed in an upper cover, the water inlet hole is communicated with a plurality of air electrode fixing mechanisms, the air electrode fixing mechanisms are arranged in a shell, and a vent hole for ventilation is formed in the shell; the air electrode fixing mechanism comprises a plurality of air electrodes serving as positive electrodes, a plurality of negative plates serving as negative electrodes and an air electrode fixing frame body, wherein the air electrode fixing frame body is installed in the shell, positive through holes matched with the plurality of air electrodes are formed in the air electrode fixing frame body, each positive through hole is fixedly connected with one end of at least one air electrode in a sealing mode, the plurality of negative plates are installed on the shell or the upper cover, and the plurality of negative plates are located in the air electrode fixing frame body. The invention realizes the function of safe and continuous power supply, can stably supply power in a wide temperature range, can be carried by individual soldiers, has no noise basically and improves the safety of combat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high specific energy battery, and belongs to the technical field of high specific energy aluminum fuel batteries.
Background
According to the current situation of the power supply equipment, the power demand of the portable equipment for combat is researched and analyzed in the early stage, the power supply guarantee is carried out by the self-carried power supply for executing the forward task, the autonomous controllable power supply is a basic condition, and the portable equipment for combat has good stealth, light weight and high safety coefficient and is a necessary requirement; the outdoor energy storage emergency power supply has the capacity of carrying batteries which is generally in the range of 0.5h-1h in full-power operation support time, and other power generation equipment is also required to charge the power generation equipment. The solar film does not need to carry oil, but is completely dependent on weather and is not independently controllable. The hand motor does not need to carry oil, but depends on human resources.
The field operation power supply guarantee of the portable equipment mainly depends on a lithium battery prepared by the equipment to supply power. However, the specific energy of the existing lithium battery is generally lower and generally 100-150wh/kg due to the special requirement of military use; each lithium battery basically adopts a special charger, carries various equipment, and also inevitably carries various chargers, and has large weight burden. For example, a common backpack 171 radio station 14.4v10Ah lithium battery has the weight of 1.6kg, and is carried according to 2 batteries per day, and 9.6kg of batteries are required to be carried for 3 days and 72 hours. The power supply self-holding capacity of 72h, 168h and the like is guaranteed by increasing the number of lithium batteries, and the carrying capacity is far exceeded.
The traditional diesel and gasoline generator set is a mature and stable continuous power supply guarantee scheme; the specific energy of fuel is typically 300g/kwh, 3300wh/kg, and very high. But the diesel and gasoline generator sets are used for supplying power, so that serious hidden dangers of infrared and noise exposure exist. At present, no diesel generator set is equipped below 500w, no gasoline generator set is equipped below 200w, and the carried diesel and gasoline are inflammable and explosive, so that the safety risk is extremely high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides the high specific energy battery which realizes the function of safe and continuous power supply, can stably supply power in a wide temperature range and can be carried by a single soldier; when this device is used in the open-air needs, can take out potassium hydroxide powder and the water that carries, add electrolyte powder and water from the inlet opening of this application to air electrode fixed frame body and between the air electrode, potassium hydroxide solution and negative plate reaction obtain high specific energy through the negative electrode of changing the aluminium material, output 8W's energy in every air electrode fixed frame body 204, after some losses whole device output is not less than 25 watts, possesses not less than 1C discharge function at normal atmospheric temperature.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a high specific energy battery, comprising a shell, a plurality of air electrode fixing mechanisms and an upper cover, wherein the upper cover is provided with a water inlet for conveying solvent or water, the water inlet is communicated with the plurality of air electrode fixing mechanisms, the plurality of air electrode fixing mechanisms are arranged in the shell, and the shell is provided with a vent hole for ventilation; the air electrode fixing mechanism comprises a plurality of air electrodes serving as positive electrodes, a plurality of negative plates serving as negative electrodes and an air electrode fixing frame body, wherein the air electrode fixing frame body is installed in the shell, positive through holes matched with the plurality of air electrodes are formed in the air electrode fixing frame body, each positive through hole is fixedly connected with one end of at least one air electrode in a sealing mode, the plurality of negative plates are installed on the shell or the upper cover, and the plurality of negative plates are located in the air electrode fixing frame body.
In combination with the first aspect, the air electrode comprises a first waterproof and breathable film, a second waterproof and breathable film, a conductive net and a conductive plate, wherein the first waterproof and breathable film is fixedly arranged on one surface of the conductive net, the second waterproof and breathable film is fixedly arranged on the other surface of the conductive net, and the conductive net is fixedly connected with one end of the conductive plate.
In combination with the first aspect, the air electrode comprises an anode electric shock post and an anode fixing piece, one end of the anode electric shock post is fixedly arranged on the shell or the air electrode fixing frame body, the other end of the anode electric shock post is fixedly connected with the conducting plate, a first anode fixing through hole is formed in the other end of the conducting plate, a second anode fixing through hole is formed in the air electrode fixing frame body, and the anode fixing piece penetrates through the first anode fixing through hole and the second anode fixing through hole to fix the conducting plate on the air electrode fixing frame body.
In combination with the first aspect, the air electrode fixing mechanism comprises an air electrode fixing plate and fixing columns, a plurality of air electrode ventilation holes are formed in the air electrode fixing plate, one end of the air electrode fixing plate is fixedly connected with the other end of the air electrode, a plurality of fixing columns are fixedly arranged at the other end of the air electrode fixing plate, fixing column grooves matched with the fixing columns are formed in the shell, and the fixing columns are inserted into the middle fixing column grooves.
In combination with the first aspect, the water inlet device comprises a plurality of water inlet clapboards, a plurality of water inlet holes and a plurality of water outlet holes are formed in the upper end of the upper cover, each water inlet hole is at least communicated with one water outlet hole, each water outlet hole is respectively communicated with one air electrode fixing frame body, and at least one water inlet clapboard for shunting solvent or water is arranged in each water inlet hole connected with at least two water outlet holes.
In combination with the first aspect, the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode plate protrusion, a plurality of negative electrode slots matched with the negative electrode plate protrusion and the negative electrode plate are formed in the upper cover, and one end of the negative electrode plate and the negative electrode plate protrusion are inserted into the negative electrode slots.
In combination with the first aspect, the charging device comprises a charging interface, a charging through hole matched with the charging interface is formed in the upper cover, the charging interface is arranged on the charging through hole, the positive electrode of the charging interface is electrically connected with a positive electrode electric shock column, and the negative electrode of the charging interface is electrically connected with a negative plate.
In combination with the first aspect, the shell comprises a plurality of sealing rings, and the upper ends of the negative plates are sleeved with one sealing ring so as to realize sealing connection with the shell and the upper cover.
In combination with the first aspect, the device comprises a plurality of buckles and a plurality of buckle fixing plates, wherein the buckles are fixedly arranged on the shell, and the buckle fixing plates are fixedly arranged on the upper cover.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes the function of safe and continuous power supply, can stably supply power in a wide temperature range, can be carried by individual soldiers, has no noise basically, and improves the safety of combat; when the device is required to be used in the field, the carried potassium hydroxide powder and water can be taken out, electrolyte powder and water are added between the air electrode fixing frame body and the air electrode through the water inlet hole, the potassium hydroxide solution reacts with the negative plate, high specific energy is obtained by replacing the negative electrode made of aluminum, 8W of energy is output from each air electrode fixing frame body 204, the output power of the whole device is not lower than 25W after some loss, and the device has a discharge function of not lower than 1C at normal temperature;
the device adopts a non-circulating alkaline aluminum fuel cell with high reliability, and the whole machine can be reused; the device increases the thickness of the aluminum electrode, increases the volume of a single body, improves the sealing process of the air electrode and the shell, and reduces the weight of the shell by injection molding of the shell;
the device output 25w, prototype quality 1.2kg, light in weight, portable carries the heavy burden that causes to individual soldier lighter, does not influence individual soldier's operation, operating temperature: the temperature is not high at the temperature of 40-55 ℃, the user is not scalded, the mass specific energy is more than or equal to 550wh/kg (more than 700wh/kg when no water is contained), and the requirement of the mass specific energy index is met;
the total working time length of the device is greater than 72h, and the index requirement of the total working time length of 72h is met. The working standby ratio of the device is less than or equal to 1:23, and the requirement of the working standby ratio index can be met; the negative plate in the device can be used for at least eight times, so that the service life of the device is greatly prolonged, the discharge reaction can be realized only by carrying the device, electrolyte powder and water, the cost is low, and the use is convenient;
the device can be provided with half load within 0.5h, can be provided with full load within 1h and continuously run, and meets the index requirement of the working environment at the low temperature of-40 ℃.
The device meets the index requirement of the working environment at the low temperature of minus 40 ℃, simultaneously does not generate thermal runaway and other phenomena within 4 hours at 55 ℃, and meets the index requirement of the working environment at the high temperature of 55 ℃;
the device can be provided with an individual rope or knapsack, and meets the requirements of a safe continuous power supply function, a wide temperature range stable power supply function, a real-time battery state display and fault alarm function and an individual carrying function;
in order to reduce the carrying capacity, the electrolyte replaced by the device can be repeatedly used after standing so as to reduce the consumption of the electrolyte and water; the water can be obtained from the field, and the water is not required to be carried by individual soldiers, so that the water dispenser is convenient to use.
The non-circulating monomer of the device has simple structure, greatly reduces the sealing surface of the liquid path between the monomers, and removes the circulating pump with high failure rate; besides the core components, accessories are reduced as much as possible, and the design is simplified so as to improve the reliability.
The device is used for improving the continuous working time and the reliability of a high-temperature environment, the power density of the air electrode is reduced from 100-150mw/cm < 2 > of the conventional alkali liquor to 60mw/cm < 2 >, and the heating value is greatly reduced so as to improve the reliability.
The 25w high specific energy aluminum fuel cell prototype provided by the device adopts a modularized structure, is divided into a shell and an upper cover, and is maintained by adopting an integral plug structure and a component replacement mode.
The aluminum fuel cell that this device provided mainly relates to two point safety factor: firstly, the wild air film is punctured to fail and cause alkali liquor leakage, and secondly, alkali liquor preparation is carried out. The 25w high specific energy aluminum fuel cell prototype provided by the aluminum of the device adopts a waterproof and dustproof design to prevent foreign objects from penetrating through an air film; the device can adopt a double-layer alkali bag, the outer layer is sealed, the inner layer can be directly placed in an electrolyte preparation bottle to be added with water, personnel are prevented from directly contacting with the electrolyte, and the safety of alkali liquor preparation is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a housing in some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a housing in some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an air electrode securing mechanism in some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an air electrode in some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an upper cover in some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 6 is a perspective view of a first negative plate mounted to an upper cover in some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 7 is a perspective view of a first negative plate in some embodiments of the present application.
Reference numerals meaning, 100-housing; 101-a housing motherboard; 102-a housing side plate; 103-a housing cross plate; 105-hasp; 106-an anode electric shock post; 107-a main board heat dissipation hole; 108-side plate heat dissipation holes; 109-a snap-fit plate; 200-an air electrode fixing mechanism; 201-an air electrode; 202-an air electrode fixing plate; 203-fixing the column; 204-a reaction tank shell; 205-a first waterproof breathable film; 206-a conductive mesh; 207-conductive plates; 208-negative plate protrusions; 300-upper cover; 301-a first water inlet; 302-a second water inlet; 303-a charging interface; 304-a fixing piece; 305-a first water outlet; 306-a second water outlet; 307-third water outlet holes; 308-a fourth water outlet hole; 309-a first water inlet separator; 310-a second water inlet baffle; 311-a first negative slot; 312-a second negative slot; 313-a third negative slot; 314-fourth negative slot; 315-a first negative plate; 316-a second negative plate; 317-a third negative plate; 318-fourth negative plate.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the technical solution of the application, some concepts related to the present application will be described below first.
It should be noted that, if there is a directional indication (such as up, down, left, right, front, rear.
In addition, if the description of "first" and "second" etc. is referred to in the present invention, it is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" and "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
Example 1
The high specific energy aluminum fuel cell technology is a feasible technical route and also becomes an urgent need for solving the self-sustaining capability of portable equipment for more than 72 hours in field power supply guarantee. Aiming at the high-strength continuous combat demands under typical special combat environments such as highland, mountain areas, cold areas and the like, a high specific energy battery prototype is developed, and the battery prototype has the capabilities of long-term wide-temperature safety continuous electric energy supply, real-time battery state display, fault warning, individual soldier carrying and the like.
The aluminum electrode is one of the three core materials of the aluminum fuel cell. The aluminum electrode affects specific power and specific energy, and is an important influencing factor for carrying weight of the aluminum fuel cell. The trace elements of the aluminum electrode have great influence on the activity and the height Wen Xiqing of the aluminum electrode. The self-corrosion and hydrogen evolution of the aluminum electrode greatly restrict the discharge efficiency, and the surface passivation of the aluminum electrode influences the discharge response aging.
The electrolyte is one of the three core materials of aluminum fuel cells. The electrolyte affects specific power and specific energy, and is an important factor for the weight carried by the aluminum fuel cell. The electrolyte is dissolved in water to form electrolyte solutions with different concentrations. The electrolyte can form a rapid anodic oxidation reaction response mechanism with the aluminum electrode, and can keep high efficiency and stability of ion transfer, recyclability of oxidation products and the like. The reaction intermediate product has very strong water absorption, so that the consumption of water is greatly increased, and the electrolyte consumption rate is very high, and thus the electrolyte consumption rate is also very high.
Referring to fig. 1, the application discloses a high specific energy battery, comprising a housing 100, four air electrode fixing mechanisms 200 and an upper cover 300, wherein the upper cover 300 is provided with a water inlet hole for conveying solvent or water, the water inlet hole is communicated with the four air electrode fixing mechanisms 200, the four air electrode fixing mechanisms 200 are arranged in the housing 100, and the housing 100 is provided with a ventilation hole for ventilation; as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the air electrode fixing mechanism 200 includes four air electrodes 201 serving as positive electrodes, four negative plates serving as negative electrodes, and an air electrode fixing frame 204, the air electrode fixing frame 204 is installed in the housing 100, positive through holes matched with the four air electrodes 201 are formed in the air electrode fixing frame 204, each positive through hole is fixedly connected with one end of at least one air electrode 201 in a sealing manner, the four negative plates are installed on the housing 100 or the upper cover 300, and the four negative plates are located in the air electrode fixing frame 204. The outer case 100 may have a box-type structure in which a receiving groove is formed in an upper surface thereof, the upper cover 300 has a box-type structure in which a hollow inside thereof, the negative electrode plate may be an aluminum plate, the air electrode fixing frame 204 may be a plastic case in which a reaction groove is formed in an upper surface thereof, and the air electrode fixing frame 204 may have a rectangular parallelepiped shape. Four single-unit-rate fuel cells are arranged in the device, each single-unit aluminum fuel cell is composed of 1 XLJLDJ 02-05012012 alkaline aluminum electrode corresponding to 2-surface XLJKDJ 01-05012009 alkaline air electrodes, and the 2-surface air electrodes are output in parallel. Wherein the single aluminum fuel cell design power: 7.2w, maximum power of monomer aluminum fuel cell: 14.4w, monomer aluminium fuel cell voltage: 0.8-1.8v, and the electric quantity of an aluminum electrode of the monomer aluminum fuel cell: 528wh, electrolyte capacity of single aluminum fuel cell: 230ml, required electrolytic mass of the monomer aluminum fuel cell: 25g.
The whole machine design power of the device is as follows: 28.8w; maximum power of the whole machine: 57.6w; rated power of the whole machine: 25w; the whole machine designs the electric quantity: 2112wh; output voltage of the whole machine: 3.2-7.2v of the whole design electrolyte volume: 920ml; electrolytic mass required by the whole machine: 600g; sample machine quality: 1200g. No water, electrolyte and aluminum electrode. Wherein the aluminum fuel cell is about 500g, the housing is about 400g, and the upper cover is about 300g. The mass specific energy of the device is as follows: more than or equal to 550wh/kg (more than 700wh/kg when no water is contained), and comprises 1200g of sample mass, 880g of aluminum electrode, 600g of electrolyte and 920g of water. In order to reduce the carrying capacity, the replaced electrolyte can be repeatedly used after standing, so as to reduce the consumption of the electrolyte and water; the water may be obtained from a field site.
When this device is used in the open-air needs, can take out potassium hydroxide powder and the water that carries, add potassium hydroxide powder and water from the inlet opening of this application to between fixed framework of air electrode and the air electrode 201, potassium hydroxide solution and negative plate reaction, output 8W's energy in every fixed framework of air electrode 204, after some losses whole device output be not less than 25 watts, possess not less than 1C discharge function at normal atmospheric temperature, this device's total weight is less than 2KG, light in weight, portable carries the weight of causing to individual soldier lighter, do not influence individual soldier's combat, operating temperature: the temperature is not high at the temperature of 40-55 ℃, the user cannot be scalded, the mass specific energy is more than or equal to 550wh/kg (more than 700wh/kg when no water is contained), and the requirement of the mass specific energy index is met. The total working time length of the device is greater than 72h, and the index requirement of the total working time length of 72h is met. The device has the working standby ratio less than or equal to 1:23, and can meet the index requirement of the working standby ratio.
Based on the original aluminum electrode material, the device innovatively adopts Al-Mg-Sn-In based and Al-Mg-Sn-Bi based quaternary aluminum alloy materials, and adjusts the trace element content of the aluminum alloy; the solid solution magnesium in the Al-Mg alloy reduces the hydrogen evolution corrosion rate of the aluminum electrode, so that the passivation film of the aluminum electrode is doped with Mg in situ 2+ Thereby improving the ionic conductivity of the passivation film and causing the negative shift of the electrode potential of the aluminum electrode; solid solution magnesium promotes SnO in the electrolyte 32- The reduction reaction occurs on the surface of the aluminum electrode, so that tin with higher hydrogen evolution overpotential is deposited on the surface of the electrode, the hydrogen evolution corrosion of the aluminum electrode is further inhibited, and finally magnesium and SnO are dissolved in the solid solution 32﹣ Under the combined action of the aluminum electrode, the potential of the aluminum electrode is increased, and the specific energy of the aluminum electrode is reduced by Wen Xiqing. The specific energy of the aluminum electrode is increased from 2800wh/kg to 3000wh/kg.
On the basis of the original electrolyte formula, the device innovatively adopts the composite electrolyte based on the high-performance additive, builds a layer of stable interface film on the surface of the aluminum electrode, improves the utilization rate, reduces the viscosity of the electrolyte, improves the ion migration rate and the dynamic performance, well slowly releases and prevents crystallization and prevents the generation of cementing sediment. The Dithiothreitol (DTT) -based modifier composite alkaline electrolyte promotes dissolution of passivation films on the surfaces of aluminum electrodes, reduces corrosion and polarization of the aluminum electrodes, improves durability of the aluminum electrodes, improves discharge performance, effectively reduces electrolyte viscosity, improves ion migration rate and dynamic performance, and is slowly released to prevent crystallization from generating mucilage binding precipitation, so that electrolyte consumption rate is greatly reduced, electrolyte consumption rate is reduced, supporting time is prolonged, and electrolyte carrying capacity is reduced.
The aluminum fuel cell is an exothermic reaction, and only the starting problem in a low-temperature environment is mainly solved; once the starting is successful, the aluminum fuel cell reaction releases heat to ensure that the electrolyte temperature is maintained at normal temperature. On the basis of not changing the whole aluminum fuel cell and carrying fuel, the device innovatively adopts a low-temperature mixed starting mode of combining high-concentration alkali liquor preparation heating and low-power maximum current discharge heating, rapidly improves the temperature of electrolyte, and controls the aluminum fuel cell to always maintain the maximum output capacity under low-temperature low-activity, so that the aluminum fuel cell can be rapidly started under double heat release.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the air electrode 201 includes a first waterproof and breathable film 205, a second waterproof and breathable film, a conductive mesh 206 and a conductive plate 207, where the first waterproof and breathable film 205 is fixedly disposed on one surface of the conductive mesh 206, the second waterproof and breathable film is fixedly disposed on the other surface of the conductive mesh 206, and the conductive mesh 206 is fixedly connected with one end of the conductive plate 207. The first waterproof and breathable film 205 and the second waterproof and breathable film may be plastic films that do not react with the solvent, the conductive mesh 206 may be a copper mesh, the conductive plate 207 may be made of copper, and the conductive plate 207 has an L-shape. The air electrode is a core material of a 25w high specific energy aluminum fuel cell, and in the embodiment, a high specific power alkaline air electrode XLJKDJ01 No. 05012009 can be adopted, and the formula and the process of the air electrode are independently controllable. The 25w high specific energy aluminum fuel cell prototype adopts a high specific power alkaline air electrode low power density operation design to reduce the heating value, and designs a power density value of 60mw/cm < 2 > and a power value of 3.6w under the condition that the electrolyte is at normal temperature of 25 ℃ and the voltage platform is 1.2 v. Maximum power at 65 deg.c and 0.8v voltage level, maximum power density of 120mw/cm2 and maximum power value of 7.2w.
In this embodiment of the application, the air electrode 201 includes a positive electrode electric shock post 106 and a positive electrode fixing member, one end of the positive electrode electric shock post 106 is fixedly disposed on the housing 100 or the air electrode fixing frame 204, the other end of the positive electrode electric shock post 106 is fixedly connected with the conductive plate 207, a first positive electrode fixing through hole is formed in the other end of the conductive plate 207, a second positive electrode fixing through hole is formed in the air electrode fixing frame 204, and the positive electrode fixing member passes through the first positive electrode fixing through hole and the second positive electrode fixing through hole to fix the conductive plate 207 on the air electrode fixing frame 204. The positive electrode electric shock column 106 is made of conductive material, the positive electrode electric shock column 106 is a metal rod piece, and the positive electrode fixing piece can be a screw.
In this embodiment of the application, the air electrode fixing mechanism 200 includes an air electrode fixing plate 202 and fixing columns 203, a plurality of air electrode ventilation holes are formed in the air electrode fixing plate 202, one end of the air electrode fixing plate 202 is fixedly connected with the other end of the air electrode 201, a plurality of fixing columns 203 are fixedly arranged at the other end of the air electrode fixing plate 202, a plurality of fixing column grooves matched with the fixing columns 203 are formed in the housing 100, and the fixing columns 203 are inserted into the middle fixing column grooves. The air electrode fixing plate 202 is made of plastic, the air electrode fixing plate 202 is a planar plate, the fixing column 203 is made of plastic, and the air electrode fixing plate 202 and the fixing column 203 are formed by injection molding.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the water inlet device comprises two water inlet baffles, two water inlet holes and four water outlet holes are formed in the upper end of the upper cover 300, each water inlet hole is at least communicated with one water outlet hole, each water outlet hole is respectively communicated with one air electrode fixing frame 204, and at least one water inlet baffle for diverting solvent or water is arranged in each water inlet hole connected with at least two water outlet holes. Referring to fig. 6, the upper cover 300 may include an upper cover diaphragm, an upper cover base, a first water inlet partition 309, a second water inlet partition 310, a first negative electrode slot 311, a second negative electrode slot 312, a third negative electrode slot 313 and a fourth negative electrode slot 314, where the upper end of the upper cover 300 is provided with a first water inlet 301, a second water inlet 302, a first water outlet 305, a second water outlet 306, a third water outlet 307 and a fourth water outlet 308, the upper cover diaphragm is fixedly connected to the upper cover base by a fixing member 304, the upper cover diaphragm may be a planar plate, the upper cover base may be a rectangular shell with a water inlet chamber at its upper end, the first water inlet 301 is communicated with the first water outlet 305 and the second water outlet 306, the second water inlet 302 is communicated with the third water outlet 307 and the fourth water outlet 308, the first water inlet partition 309 separates the first water outlet 305 from the second water outlet 306, and the second water inlet partition 310 separates the third water outlet 307 and the fourth water outlet 308. In this embodiment, referring to fig. 7, the negative electrode plate includes a first negative electrode plate 315 fixed on the negative electrode slot, a second negative electrode plate 316 fixed on the negative electrode slot, a third negative electrode plate 317 fixed on the negative electrode slot, and a fourth negative electrode plate 318 fixed on the negative electrode slot, in this embodiment, the negative electrode made of aluminum may be a core material of a 25w high specific energy aluminum fuel cell, and a high specific energy alkaline aluminum electrode XLJLDJ 02-05012012 is adopted, the specific energy of the aluminum electrode is 3000wh/kg, and typical electric energy value released by the aluminum electrode is: 220g 3000wh/kg 80% = 528wh; the upper cover 300 is provided with four negative electrode slots matched with the negative electrode plate protrusions 208 and the negative electrode plates, one end of each negative electrode plate and each negative electrode plate protrusion 208 are inserted into each negative electrode slot, the aluminum electrode adopts a quick plug structure, and the aluminum electrode can be directly plugged and pulled out without tool replacement.
In this embodiment of the application, including charging interface 303, offer the through-hole that charges that cooperates with the interface 303 that charges on upper cover 300, the interface 303 that charges is installed on the through-hole that charges, and the anodal electricity of interface 303 that charges is connected anodal electric shock post 106, and the negative pole electricity of interface 303 that charges is connected the negative plate. Powering external equipment, such as charging a cell phone or lighting, may be accomplished through the charging interface 303.
In this embodiment of the present application, the housing 100 includes a bottom plate, two housing main boards 101, two housing side boards 102 and a housing cross board 103, a main board heat dissipation hole 107, a side board heat dissipation hole 108, two housing main boards 101 are respectively fixedly connected with two ends of one housing side board 102, two housing main boards 101 are respectively fixedly connected with two ends of the other housing side board 102 at right ends, and two housing main boards 101 are respectively fixedly connected with the bottom plate at lower ends of the two housing side boards 102.
In this embodiment, the housing 100 includes four sealing rings, and one sealing ring is sleeved on each upper end of the negative plate, so as to realize sealing connection with the housing 100 and the upper cover 300.
In the embodiment of the present application, four buckles 105 and four buckle fixing plates 109 are included, the four buckles 105 are fixedly disposed on the housing 100, and the four buckle fixing plates 109 are fixedly disposed on the upper cover 300.
The electrolyte is 25w core material of high specific energy aluminum fuel cell, and XLDJZKOH No. 001 potassium hydroxide electrolyte is adopted. The electrolyte is matched with XLJKDJ01 No. (-05012009) air electrode and XLJLDJ 02-05012012 aluminum electrode. The comprehensive consideration is that the consumption of water (water can be taken out in the field) is reduced, the carrying amount of electrolyte is reduced, and a 25w high specific energy aluminum fuel cell prototype adopts 10% low-concentration electrolyte. The device adopts a mature and stable air electrode, an aluminum electrode, an electrolyte material, a formula and a process, adopts a mature and stable non-circulating monomer aluminum fuel cell structure, and ensures the reliability.
The potassium hydroxide has strong solvent property and antipyretic effect, releases a large amount of heat in the dissolution process, is used as starting material in the industrial manufacturing process, and can replace the traditional solvent to realize the functions of dissolution and stable mixing. When a large amount of potassium hydroxide solution is prepared in the test at the normal temperature of about 25 ℃, the electrolyte is generally heated to about 90 ℃ within one or two minutes. The heat required to be absorbed by 1Kg of ice from-40 ℃ to 0 ℃ q0=84 KJ, the heat required to be absorbed by 1Kg of ice from 0 ℃ to 0 ℃ q1=336 KJ/Kg of water, the heat required to be absorbed by 1Kg of ice from 0 ℃ to 15 ℃ q2=62.85 KJ, the total heat required to be absorbed by 1Kg of ice from-40 ℃ to 0 ℃ and from 0 ℃ to 15 ℃ qtotal 482.85KJ, and as long as the heat of dissolution of potassium hydroxide is absorbed by ice, the ice at-40 ℃ can be melted and heated to 15 ℃ by adding Qmol potassium hydroxide, so that the aluminum fuel cell can work normally. Experiments prove that the environment temperature is minus 40 ℃, the alkali, water and aluminum fuel cells are frozen for 24 hours, the alkali is poured into ice for about 1min, ice cubes are melted, the temperature of electrolyte is raised to about 0 ℃, the power density can reach 1.8w/120cm < 2 > =15 mw/cm < 2 >, and the low-temperature start is realized by continuous heat release. The device can completely dissolve ice cubes within 1 minute by taking ice cubes and adding more than 6M electrolyte at the ambient temperature of minus 40 ℃, and the electrolyte is configured at the ambient temperature of minus 40 ℃ to meet the condition. The device has the advantages that the single battery generates electricity normally at the ambient temperature of-40 ℃, the power is 25% of the normal power, the current can be increased to enable the temperature of the electrolyte to rise, the constant voltage continuous discharge test is utilized, the temperature of the electrolyte rises by 10 ℃ after 13 minutes, and the battery can work normally. In theory, 9mo1 potassium hydroxide electrolyte is added, ice cubes at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ can be melted and heated to 15 ℃, namely 7.5mol of electrolyte can meet the requirement of preparing the electrolyte by ice cubes at the low temperature of minus 40 ℃ to start the battery to work, and the actual test is consistent with the theoretical calculation.
The device can realize the maximum low-power operation under the condition of low temperature and low activity by a special external low-temperature starting device under the control of the voltage-limiting and current-limiting MOS tube, and can release heat in a maximum reaction. The activity of the electrolyte is enhanced after the temperature is raised, the maximum low power is continuously increased, and the reaction heat release is continuously increased, so that the temperature is rapidly raised, and the low-temperature start is promoted. The device is provided with a bicolor lamp: red for start-up and green for start-up complete.
Under the high temperature environment of 55 ℃, the single battery of the device continuously discharges at the highest working temperature of 75 ℃, and the cooling fan is additionally arranged, so that the battery can be ensured to normally supply power for a long time at the environment temperature of 55 ℃, and the aluminum plates in the middle batch fly to the temperature. The device can also be added into electrolyte by using a high-temperature slow release agent package to inhibit high-temperature reaction and release heat of hydrogen evolution, thereby reducing heat productivity. Through the 2 items of height Wen Cuoshi, the phenomena of thermal runaway and the like do not occur within 4 hours under the high-temperature environment of 55 ℃.
Placing the device, water and electrolyte into an environmental test box, reducing the temperature to-40 ℃ at a speed of not more than 3 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 4 hours after the temperature is balanced; mixing ice and electrolyte, and injecting the mixture into the device after the ice is dissolved; the output power was recorded by a 3.2v constant voltage discharge with an electronic load. Test results: the device can be provided with half load within 0.5h, can be provided with full load within 1h and continuously run, and meets the index requirement of the working environment at the low temperature of-40 ℃.
According to GJB150.3A-2009, part 3 of the laboratory environmental test method for military equipment: the test was carried out in the procedure specified in high temperature test, 7.2.1, and after the test temperature reached 55℃and stabilized, the apparatus was kept in the test chamber for at least 2 hours. The specific test steps are as follows: placing the device with the electrolyte into an environmental test box, heating to 55 ℃ at a speed of not more than 3 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours after the temperature is balanced; and (4) discharging for 4 hours by using an electronic load with constant power, and observing whether the device has a thermal runaway phenomenon. Test results: the device can not generate thermal runaway and other phenomena within 4 hours at 55 ℃, and meets the index requirement of the working environment at the high temperature of 55 ℃.
The device can be provided with an individual rope or knapsack, meets the requirements of safe continuous power supply function, stable power supply function in a wide temperature range, real-time battery state display and fault alarm function and individual carrying function,
the device can be internally provided with a state display and fault indication module for displaying the output voltage and the output power of the aluminum fuel cell; when the output voltage is low, the status indicator lamp gives an alarm in red; when no output is provided, the status indicator light is turned off.
Aiming at the requirements of carrying capacity and weight reduction of field operation power supplies, specific energy lifting research is developed, and the problem of specific energy lifting of the replaceable part of aluminum electrode is mainly solved; the mass specific energy is increased from 500wh/kg to 550wh/kg (more than 700wh/kg when no water is contained); the specific energy of the aluminum electrode is increased from the existing 2800wh/kg to 3000wh/kg.
Aiming at the application requirements of high and low temperature environments of field operations, the application needs of the field operations are developed, the starting problem of the low temperature environments at-40 ℃ is mainly solved, the field operations can be carried out with half load within 0.5h, and the field operations can be carried out with full load within 1h for continuous operation; solves the problem of thermal runaway at 55 ℃ in a high-temperature environment, and is normally used for more than 4 hours and generally stabilized for about 8 hours.
The research is completed on a 25w high specific energy aluminum fuel cell prototype, the output power is 25w, the mass of the prototype is 1.2kg (fuel modules such as aluminum-free electrodes are omitted), the mass specific energy is 550wh/kg (when the prototype does not contain water, the prototype is more than 700 wh/kg), the specific energy of the replaced aluminum electrode is 3000wh/kg, and the working temperature is-40-55 ℃.
The invention can achieve the following technical indexes:
(1) output power: not lower than 25 watts;
(2) the discharge function is not lower than 1C at normal temperature;
(3) total amount of system: less than or equal to 2kg (without fuel module);
(4) directional sensitivity: 90 degrees;
(5) mass specific energy: setting the working-standby ratio at 1:8 at 500 watt hour/kg for 72 hours;
(6) operating temperature: -40-55 ℃;
(7) and the development of the digital prototype is completed by matching with the overall unit.
Example two
Unlike the first embodiment, a high specific energy battery is disclosed in this embodiment, which includes six air electrode fixing mechanisms 200, three water inlet separators, six negative plates, 12 air electrodes, and two air electrodes are fixed on each air electrode fixing mechanism 200; the upper end of the upper cover 300 is provided with three water inlet holes and six water outlet holes.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
The foregoing detailed description of the embodiments has further described the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present application, and it should be understood that the foregoing is only a detailed description of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The high specific energy battery is characterized by comprising a shell (100), a plurality of air electrode fixing mechanisms (200) and an upper cover (300), wherein a water inlet hole for conveying solvent or water is formed in the upper cover (300), the water inlet hole is communicated with the plurality of air electrode fixing mechanisms (200), the plurality of air electrode fixing mechanisms (200) are arranged in the shell (100), and a ventilation hole for ventilation is formed in the shell (100);
the air electrode fixing mechanism (200) comprises a plurality of air electrodes (201) serving as positive electrodes, a plurality of negative plates serving as negative electrodes and an air electrode fixing frame body (204), wherein the air electrode fixing frame body (204) is installed in the shell (100), positive through holes matched with the plurality of air electrodes (201) are formed in the air electrode fixing frame body (204), one end of at least one air electrode (201) is fixedly connected in a sealing mode through each positive through hole, the plurality of negative plates are installed on the shell (100) or the upper cover (300), and the plurality of negative plates are located in the air electrode fixing frame body (204).
2. A high specific energy battery as in claim 1, wherein,
the air electrode (201) comprises a first waterproof and breathable film (205), a second waterproof and breathable film, a conductive net (206) and a conductive plate (207), wherein the first waterproof and breathable film (205) is fixedly arranged on one surface of the conductive net (206), the second waterproof and breathable film is fixedly arranged on the other surface of the conductive net (206), and the conductive net (206) is fixedly connected with one end of the conductive plate (207).
3. A high specific energy battery as defined in claim 2, wherein,
the air electrode (201) comprises a positive electrode electric shock column (106) and a positive electrode fixing piece, one end of the positive electrode electric shock column (106) is fixedly arranged on the shell (100) or the air electrode fixing frame body (204), the other end of the positive electrode electric shock column (106) is fixedly connected with the conducting plate (207), a first positive electrode fixing through hole is formed in the other end of the conducting plate (207), a second positive electrode fixing through hole is formed in the air electrode fixing frame body (204), and the conducting plate (207) is fixed on the air electrode fixing frame body (204) through the first positive electrode fixing through hole and the second positive electrode fixing through hole.
4. A high specific energy battery according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that,
the air electrode fixing mechanism (200) comprises an air electrode fixing plate (202) and fixing columns (203), a plurality of air electrode ventilation holes are formed in the air electrode fixing plate (202), one end of the air electrode fixing plate (202) is fixedly connected with the other end of the air electrode (201), a plurality of fixing columns (203) are fixedly arranged at the other end of the air electrode fixing plate (202), a plurality of fixing column grooves matched with the fixing columns (203) are formed in the shell (100), and the fixing columns (203) are inserted into the middle fixing column grooves.
5. A high specific energy battery as in claim 1, wherein,
the water inlet device comprises a plurality of water inlet clapboards, wherein a plurality of water inlet holes and a plurality of water outlet holes are formed in the upper end of an upper cover (300), each water inlet hole is at least communicated with one water outlet hole, each water outlet hole is respectively communicated with an air electrode fixing frame body (204), and at least one water inlet clapboard for shunting solvent or water is arranged in each water inlet hole connected with at least two water outlet holes.
6. A high specific energy battery according to claim 1, wherein,
the negative plate comprises a negative plate bulge (208), a plurality of negative electrode slots matched with the negative plate bulge (208) and the negative plate are formed in an upper cover (300), and one end of the negative plate and the negative plate bulge (208) are inserted into the negative electrode slots.
7. A high specific energy battery according to claim 3, wherein,
the charging device comprises a charging interface (303), wherein a charging through hole matched with the charging interface (303) is formed in an upper cover (300), the charging interface (303) is installed on the charging through hole, the positive electrode of the charging interface (303) is electrically connected with a positive electrode electric shock column (106), and the negative electrode of the charging interface (303) is electrically connected with a negative plate.
8. A high specific energy battery according to claim 3, wherein,
the shell (100) comprises a plurality of sealing rings, and the upper ends of the negative plates are sleeved with one sealing ring so as to realize sealing connection with the shell (100) and the upper cover (300).
9. A high specific energy battery as in claim 1, wherein,
comprises a plurality of buckles (105) and a plurality of buckle fixing plates (109), wherein the buckles (105) are fixedly arranged on a shell (100), and the buckle fixing plates (109) are fixedly arranged on an upper cover (300).
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