CN108336454A - Has the solid state battery of self heating function - Google Patents
Has the solid state battery of self heating function Download PDFInfo
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- CN108336454A CN108336454A CN201810259748.1A CN201810259748A CN108336454A CN 108336454 A CN108336454 A CN 108336454A CN 201810259748 A CN201810259748 A CN 201810259748A CN 108336454 A CN108336454 A CN 108336454A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
- H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种具备自加热功能的固态电池。The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a solid-state battery with a self-heating function.
背景技术Background technique
传统的液态锂电池又被科学家们形象地称为“摇椅式电池”，摇椅的两端为电池的正负两极，中间为电解液。而锂离子就像优秀的运动员，在摇椅的两端来回奔跑，在锂离子从正极到负极再到正极的运动过程中，电池的充放电过程便完成了。The traditional liquid lithium battery is also called "rocking chair battery" by scientists. The two ends of the rocking chair are the positive and negative poles of the battery, and the electrolyte is in the middle. Lithium ions are like excellent athletes, running back and forth at both ends of the rocking chair. During the movement of lithium ions from the positive electrode to the negative electrode and then to the positive electrode, the charging and discharging process of the battery is completed.
固态电池的原理与之相同，只不过其电解质为固态。利用固态电解质来替代电解液，不但可以有效地解决安全问题，还能够缓解锂枝晶造成的短路问题，从而可以采用高容量金属锂作为电池负极，有望提升锂电池的能量密度。此外，固态电池能够采用堆栈式的结构设计，可以大大简化电池构造，从而进一步提升电池的能量密度。因此，同样的电量，固态电池体积将变得更小。不仅如此，固态电池中由于没有电解液，封存将会变得更加容易，在汽车等大型设备上使用时，也不需要再额外增加冷却管、电子控件等，不仅节约了成本，还能有效减轻重量。Solid-state batteries work on the same principle, except that their electrolytes are solid. The use of solid electrolytes to replace the electrolyte can not only effectively solve the safety problem, but also alleviate the short circuit problem caused by lithium dendrites, so that high-capacity metal lithium can be used as the battery negative electrode, which is expected to increase the energy density of lithium batteries. In addition, solid-state batteries can adopt a stacked structure design, which can greatly simplify the battery structure, thereby further increasing the energy density of the battery. Therefore, for the same amount of power, the volume of solid-state batteries will become smaller. Not only that, since there is no electrolyte in solid-state batteries, storage will become easier. When used on large equipment such as automobiles, there is no need to add additional cooling pipes, electronic controls, etc., which not only saves costs, but also effectively reduces weight.
然而，固态电解质电导率受环境温度影响极大，低温下电导率较低，导致固态电池在寒冷气候条件下无法正常启动。现有技术中通常采用外部加热的方式来提升电池组的环境温度，从而使固态电池正常工作。但该方案需要外接加热源使得电池结构设计及BMS管理更加复杂、成本增加，且可靠性较差。However, the conductivity of solid-state electrolytes is greatly affected by the ambient temperature, and the conductivity at low temperatures is low, resulting in the failure of solid-state batteries to start normally in cold climates. In the prior art, external heating is usually used to increase the ambient temperature of the battery pack, so that the solid-state battery can work normally. However, this solution requires an external heating source, making the battery structure design and BMS management more complicated, costly, and less reliable.
有鉴于此，确有必要对现有的固态电池作进一步的改进，以实现自供热，提升固态电池的集成度，有效降低设计成本和热管理成本。In view of this, it is indeed necessary to further improve the existing solid-state batteries to achieve self-heating, improve the integration of solid-state batteries, and effectively reduce design costs and thermal management costs.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于：针对现有技术的不足，而提供一种结构设计合理、BMS管理简单、制造成本低且能有效促进电池低温下快速正常启动的可自加热的固态电池。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-heating solid-state battery with reasonable structural design, simple BMS management, low manufacturing cost and effective promotion of quick and normal start-up of the battery at low temperature.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下解决方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following solutions:
一种具备自加热功能的固态电池，包括电芯和容纳电芯的外壳，所述电芯包括正极片、负极片、以及设置在正极片和负极片之间的固态电解质层，所述正极片设置有正极耳，所述负极片设置有负极耳，所述电芯一侧设置有金属薄片，该固态电池利用短路时金属薄片上的热效应来实现其自加热功能。A solid-state battery with a self-heating function, comprising an electric core and a casing for containing the electric core, the electric core includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a solid electrolyte layer arranged between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet A positive tab is provided, the negative tab is provided with a negative tab, and a thin metal sheet is provided on one side of the cell. The solid-state battery realizes its self-heating function by utilizing the heat effect on the thin metal sheet during a short circuit.
作为本发明所述的具备自加热功能的固态电池的优选方案，所述金属薄片设置有第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳与所述负极耳连接，所述第二极耳和所述负极耳之间通过通断连接件连接或断开。As a preferred solution of the solid-state battery with self-heating function in the present invention, the metal sheet is provided with a first tab and a second tab, the first tab is connected to the negative tab, and the second tab is connected to the negative tab. The pole tab is connected or disconnected from the negative pole tab through an on-off connector.
作为本发明所述的具备自加热功能的固态电池的优选方案，当固态电池对外工作时，所述正极耳和所述第二极耳分别与外部用电设备连接，且所述通断连接件处于连接状态。此时，第二极耳和负极耳之间通过通断连接件连接，加热用的金属薄片(具有一定电阻)和通断连接件(电阻可忽略)处于并联状态，正常工作时，电流会直接从负极耳和第二极耳之间的通断连接件流进、流出，而另一路径(负极耳→第一极耳→金属薄片→第二极耳)因金属薄片的电阻远比通断连接件大，所以没有电流通过，此时金属薄片不发挥作用。As a preferred solution of the solid-state battery with self-heating function described in the present invention, when the solid-state battery is working externally, the positive tab and the second tab are respectively connected to external electrical equipment, and the on-off connector is connected. At this time, the second tab and the negative tab are connected through an on-off connector, and the metal sheet for heating (with a certain resistance) and the on-off connector (negligible resistance) are in a parallel state. During normal operation, the current will directly Flow in and out from the on-off connection between the negative tab and the second tab, and the other path (negative tab → first tab → metal sheet → second tab) is due to the resistance of the metal sheet is much higher than the on-off The connection is large, so no current flows through it, and the foil is of no use at this point.
作为本发明所述的具备自加热功能的固态电池的优选方案，当固态电池进行自加热时，所述正极耳和所述第二极耳电连接，且所述通断连接件处于断开状态。将正极耳和第二极耳短接时，由于通断连接件处于断开状态，因此，此时电流的流动路径为：第二极耳→金属薄片→第一极耳→负极耳；即，通过金属薄片的发热效应来实现固态电池自加热的目的。需要说明的是，由于固态电池本身的电导率较低，同时又是针对低温环境下的使用条件，短路电流很小；并且固态电池中不含有传统液态电池易燃的有机电解液，因此，低温下将正极耳和金属薄片短接不会导致固态电池热失控。As a preferred solution of the solid-state battery with self-heating function described in the present invention, when the solid-state battery is self-heating, the positive tab and the second tab are electrically connected, and the on-off connector is in a disconnected state . When the positive tab and the second tab are short-circuited, since the on-off connector is in a disconnected state, the current flow path at this time is: second tab→metal sheet→first tab→negative tab; that is, The purpose of self-heating of the solid-state battery is achieved through the heating effect of the metal sheet. It should be noted that due to the low conductivity of the solid-state battery itself, and at the same time for the use conditions in low-temperature environments, the short-circuit current is very small; and the solid-state battery does not contain the flammable organic electrolyte of the traditional liquid battery, therefore, low temperature Shorting the positive tab and the metal sheet will not cause thermal runaway of the solid-state battery.
作为本发明所述的具备自加热功能的固态电池的优选方案，当固态电池加热到设定温度时，所述正极耳和所述第二极耳断开电连接；其中，设定温度≥25℃。As a preferred solution of the solid-state battery with self-heating function described in the present invention, when the solid-state battery is heated to a set temperature, the positive tab and the second tab are disconnected electrically; wherein, the set temperature ≥ 25 ℃.
作为本发明所述的具备自加热功能的固态电池的优选方案，所述正极片、所述负极片和所述固态电解质层采用叠片的方式形成所述电芯。As a preferred solution of the solid-state battery with self-heating function in the present invention, the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet and the solid electrolyte layer are laminated to form the cell.
作为本发明所述的具备自加热功能的固态电池的优选方案，所述正极片、所述负极片和所述固态电解质层采用卷绕的方式形成所述电芯。As a preferred solution of the solid-state battery with self-heating function in the present invention, the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet and the solid electrolyte layer are wound to form the battery core.
作为本发明所述的具备自加热功能的固态电池的优选方案，所述金属薄片与所述正极片和所述负极片并排设置。As a preferred solution of the solid-state battery with self-heating function in the present invention, the metal sheet is arranged side by side with the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
作为本发明所述的具备自加热功能的固态电池的优选方案，所述通断连接件为可控制电路开路及断路的电子元件。As a preferred solution of the solid-state battery with self-heating function described in the present invention, the on-off connector is an electronic component that can control circuit opening and disconnection.
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明一种具备自加热功能的固态电池，包括电芯和容纳电芯的外壳，所述电芯包括正极片、负极片、以及设置在正极片和负极片之间的固态电解质层，所述正极片设置有正极耳，所述负极片设置有负极耳，所述电芯一侧设置有金属薄片，该固态电池利用短路时金属薄片上的热效应来实现其自加热功能。相比于现有技术，本发明在低温条件下将金属薄片与正极耳进行连接造成短路放电，瞬间有较大电流通过金属薄片后发热使固态电芯内部温度均匀上升，保证了固态电池在低温环境下正常启动，降低了设计成本、热管理成本，同时提升了固态电池的可靠性。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: a solid-state battery with self-heating function of the present invention includes an electric core and a casing for containing the electric core, and the electric core includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a battery provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. The solid electrolyte layer, the positive electrode sheet is provided with a positive electrode ear, the negative electrode sheet is provided with a negative electrode ear, and one side of the battery cell is provided with a metal sheet, and the solid-state battery uses the thermal effect on the metal sheet during short circuit to realize its self-heating Function. Compared with the prior art, the present invention connects the metal sheet to the positive tab under low temperature conditions to cause a short-circuit discharge, and a large current passes through the metal sheet in an instant and then heats up to make the internal temperature of the solid-state battery rise evenly, ensuring that the solid-state battery operates at low temperature. The normal start-up in the environment reduces the design cost and thermal management cost, and at the same time improves the reliability of the solid-state battery.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图中：1-电芯；11-正极片；12-负极片；13-固态电解质层；2-外壳；3-金属薄片；4-正极耳；5-负极耳；6-第一极耳；7-第二极耳；8-通断连接件。In the figure: 1-cell; 11-positive plate; 12-negative plate; 13-solid electrolyte layer; 2-shell; 3-metal sheet; 4-positive ear; 5-negative ear; 6-first ear; 7-the second tab; 8-on-off connector.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合具体实施方式和说明书附图，对本发明及其有益效果作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention and its beneficial effects will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
如图1所示，一种具备自加热功能的固态电池，包括电芯1和容纳电芯1的外壳2，电芯1包括正极片11、负极片12、以及设置在正极片11和负极片12之间的固态电解质层13，正极片11设置有正极耳4，负极片12设置有负极耳5，电芯1一侧设置有金属薄片3，金属薄片3设置有第一极耳6和第二极耳7，第一极耳6与负极耳5连接，第二极耳7和负极耳5之间通过通断连接件8连接或断开；其中，通断连接件8为可控制电路开路及断路的电子元件，例如开关和/或导线。其中，电芯1可以由正极片11、负极片12和固态电解质层13采用叠片的方式形成，此时，金属薄片3与正极片11和负极片12并排设置；此外，电芯1也可以由正极片11、负极片12和固态电解质层13采用卷绕的方式形成。As shown in Figure 1, a solid-state battery with a self-heating function includes an electric cell 1 and a housing 2 for containing the electric cell 1. The electric cell 1 includes a positive electrode sheet 11, a negative electrode sheet 12, and a positive electrode sheet 11 and a negative electrode sheet. The solid electrolyte layer 13 between 12, the positive electrode sheet 11 is provided with the positive electrode ear 4, the negative electrode sheet 12 is provided with the negative electrode ear 5, the side of the cell 1 is provided with the metal sheet 3, and the metal sheet 3 is provided with the first electrode ear 6 and the second electrode ear. Two pole tabs 7, the first pole tab 6 is connected to the negative pole tab 5, and the second pole tab 7 and the negative pole tab 5 are connected or disconnected through an on-off connector 8; wherein, the on-off connector 8 is a controllable circuit open circuit and open circuited electronic components such as switches and/or wires. Wherein, the battery cell 1 can be formed by stacking the positive electrode sheet 11, the negative electrode sheet 12 and the solid electrolyte layer 13. At this time, the metal sheet 3 is arranged side by side with the positive electrode sheet 11 and the negative electrode sheet 12; in addition, the battery cell 1 can also be It is formed by winding the positive electrode sheet 11, the negative electrode sheet 12 and the solid electrolyte layer 13.
本发明的具体工作原理为：1)当固态电池对外工作时，正极耳4和第二极耳7分别与外部用电设备连接，且通断连接件8处于连接状态。此时，第二极耳7和负极耳5之间通过通断连接件8连接，加热用的金属薄片3(具有一定电阻)和通断连接件8(电阻可忽略)处于并联状态，正常工作时，电流会直接从负极耳5和第二极耳7之间的通断连接件8流进、流出，而另一路径(负极耳5→第一极耳6→金属薄片3→第二极耳7)因金属薄片3的电阻远比通断连接件8大，所以没有电流通过，此时金属薄片3不发挥作用。2)当固态电池进行自加热时，正极耳4和第二极耳7电连接，且通断连接件8处于断开状态；当固态电池加热到设定温度(≥25℃)时，正极耳4和第二极耳7断开电连接。将正极耳4和第二极耳7短接时，由于通断连接件8处于断开状态，因此，此时电流的流动路径为：第二极耳7→金属薄片3→第一极耳6→负极耳5；即，通过金属薄片3的发热效应来实现固态电池自加热的目的。需要说明的是，由于固态电池本身的电导率较低，同时又是针对低温环境下的使用条件，短路电流很小；并且固态电池中不含有传统液态电池易燃的有机电解液，因此，低温下将正极耳和金属薄片短接不会导致固态电池热失控，可以利用其短路时的热效应来实现其自加热功能。The specific working principle of the present invention is as follows: 1) When the solid-state battery is working externally, the positive tab 4 and the second tab 7 are respectively connected to external electrical equipment, and the on-off connector 8 is in a connected state. At this time, the second pole tab 7 and the negative pole tab 5 are connected by an on-off connector 8, and the metal sheet 3 (with a certain resistance) and the on-off connector 8 (negligible resistance) for heating are in a parallel state and work normally. , the current will directly flow in and out from the on-off connector 8 between the negative tab 5 and the second tab 7, while the other path (negative tab 5 → first tab 6 → metal sheet 3 → second pole Ear 7) Because the resistance of the metal foil 3 is far greater than the on-off connector 8, so no current passes through, and now the metal foil 3 does not play a role. 2) When the solid-state battery is self-heating, the positive tab 4 and the second tab 7 are electrically connected, and the on-off connector 8 is in a disconnected state; when the solid-state battery is heated to the set temperature (≥25°C), the positive tab 4 and the second tab 7 are electrically disconnected. When the positive tab 4 and the second tab 7 are short-circuited, since the on-off connector 8 is in a disconnected state, the current flow path at this time is: the second tab 7→the metal sheet 3→the first tab 6 → Negative tab 5; that is, the purpose of self-heating of the solid-state battery is achieved through the heating effect of the metal sheet 3 . It should be noted that due to the low conductivity of the solid-state battery itself, and at the same time for the use conditions in low-temperature environments, the short-circuit current is very small; and the solid-state battery does not contain the flammable organic electrolyte of the traditional liquid battery, therefore, low temperature Next, short-circuiting the positive tab and the metal sheet will not cause thermal runaway of the solid-state battery, and the thermal effect of the short-circuit can be used to realize its self-heating function.
相比于现有技术，本发明在低温条件下通过使通断连接件断开，并将金属薄片与正极耳进行连接造成短路放电，瞬间有较大电流通过金属薄片后发热使固态电芯内部温度均匀上升，保证了固态电池在低温环境下正常启动，降低了设计成本、热管理成本，同时提升了固态电池的可靠性。Compared with the prior art, the present invention disconnects the on-off connector under low temperature conditions and connects the metal sheet to the positive tab to cause a short-circuit discharge, and a large current passes through the metal sheet in an instant and then heats up to make the inside of the solid-state cell The uniform temperature rise ensures the normal start-up of solid-state batteries in low-temperature environments, reduces design costs and thermal management costs, and improves the reliability of solid-state batteries.
根据上述说明书的揭示和教导，本发明所属领域的技术人员还能够对上述实施方式进行变更和修改。因此，本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，凡是本领域技术人员在本发明的基础上所作出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。此外，尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语，但这些术语只是为了方便说明，并不对本发明构成任何限制。According to the disclosure and teaching of the above specification, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can also change and modify the above embodiment. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation manners, and any obvious improvement, substitution or modification made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience of description and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention.
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