CN1178545C - 通信系统的信道结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
在通信系统中所使用的信道结构中,利用两组物理信道,一组用于前向链路(50),另一组用于反向链路(52),从而有利于各逻辑信道的通信。物理信道包括数据和控制信道。在示例实施例中,数据信道包括用于发送声音话务、数据话务、高速数据和其它开销信息的基本信道以及用于发送高速数据的补充信道。在远地站空闲时可脱开基本信道以更充分地利用可获得的容量。使用控制信道来发送寻呼和控制消息及调度信息。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通信系统的信道结构。
背景技术
作为促进存在大量系统用户的几种通信技术之一,使用码分多址(CDMA)调制技术。虽然诸如时分多址(TDMA)和频分多址(FDMA)等技术是公知的,但CDMA具有超过其它这些技术的明显优势。在题为“使用卫星或地面转发器的扩展频谱多址通信系统”的4,901,307号美国专利中揭示了在多址通信系统中使用CDMA技术,该专利已转让给本发明的受让人并在这里引用作为参考。在题为“在CDMA蜂窝式电话系统中产生信号波形的系统和方法”的5,103,459号美国专利中揭示了在多址通信系统中使用CDMA技术,该专利已转让给本发明的受让人并在这里引用作为参考。可把CDMA系统设计成符合“双模式宽带扩展频谱蜂窝式系统的TIA/EIA/IS-95移动站-基站兼容性标准”,以下把此标准叫做IS-95标准。另一种码分多址通信系统包括用于利用近地轨道卫星的全球通信的GLOBALSTAR通信系统。
CDMA通信系统能在前向和反向链路上发送话务(traffic)数据和声音(voice)数据。在5,504,773号题为“用于对发送的数据格式化的方法和设备”的美国专利中详细地描述了以固定尺寸的代码信道帧来发送话务数据的方法,该专利已转让给本发明的受让人,并在这里引用而作为参考。依据IS-95标准,把话务数据和声音数据分割成持续时间为20毫秒的话务信道帧。每个话务信道帧的数据速率是可变的且可高达14.4Kbps。
在CDMA系统中,用户之间的通信是通过一个或多个基站来实行的。一远地站上的第一用户通过在反向链路上把数据发送到一基站来与第二远地站的第二用户进行通信。基站接收该数据并可把该数据按路由发送到另一基站。在同一基站或第二基站的前向链路上把该数据发送到第二远地站。前向链路指从基站到远地站的发送,反向链路指从远地站到基站的发送。在IS-95系统中,给前向链路和反向链路分配不同的频率。
在通信期间远地站至少与一个基站进行通信。CDMA远地站能在软切换(handoff)期间同时与多个基站进行通信。软切换是在断开与先前基站的链路前建立与新基站的链路的过程。软切换把呼叫丢失(drop)的几率减到最小。在5,267,261号题为“CDMA蜂窝式电话系统中的移动辅助的软切换”的美国专利中揭示了在软切换过程中通过不止一个基站与远地站进行通信的方法和系统,该专利已转让给本发明的受让人并在这里通过引用而作为参考。更软的切换是通信发生在由同一基站所服务的多个扇区上的一个过程。在1996年12月11日提交的题为“在公共基站的扇区之间进行切换的的方法和设备”的08/763,498号待批准美国专利申请中揭示了更软的切换过程,该申请已转让给本发明的受让人并在这里通过引用而作为参考。
随着对无线数据应用的不断增长的需求,对非常高效的无线数据通信系统的需要已变得越来越明显。在1996年5月28日提交的题为“高数据速率的CDMA无线通信系统”的08/654,443号待批准美国专利申请中详细地描述了一种优化数据发送的示例通信系统,该专利已转让给本发明的受让人并在这里通过引用而作为参考。在08/654,443号美国专利申请中所揭示的系统是能以多个数据速率之一来进行发送的可变速率通信系统。
声音业务与数据业务之间的明显区别在于,前者需要对所有用户固定的公共业务等级(GOS)。通常,对于提供声音业务的数字系统,这转化成对所有用户固定的和相等的数据速率和相对于语音(speech)帧的出错率的最大许可值,而与链路资源无关。对于同一数据速率,具有较弱链路的用户需要较高的资源分配。这导致不能有效地利用可获得的资源。相反,对于数据业务,GOS可因用户而异,并可以是被优化到增加数据通信系统的总的效率的参数。数据通信系统的GOS通常被定义为数据消息(message)传递中引起的总延迟。
声音业务与数据业务之间的另一个明显的区别在于,前者负担了严格的固定延迟的需要。通常,语音帧的整个单向延迟必须小于100毫秒。相反,数据延迟可变成用来优化数据通信系统的效率的可变参数。
测量数据通信系统的质量和效率的参数是传递数据分组(packet)所需的总延迟以及系统的平均通过(throughput)速率。总延迟对数据通信的影响不如它对声音通信的影响,但它是测量数据通信系统的质量的一个重要尺度。平均通过速率是通信系统数据发送能力的效率的测量。
设计成优化数据业务和声音业务的发送的通信系统需要解决这两个业务的特定需要。本发明旨在提供一种便于发送数据和声音业务的信道结构。
发明概要
在一个方面本发明提供了一种用于通信系统的信道结构,该信道结构包括:用于发送话务数据、声音数据和信令的至少一个基本信道;用于发送话务数据的补充信道;以及用于发送寻呼消息的寻呼信道。
在另一个方面本发明提供了一种用于通信系统的发送装置,该装置包括发射机,用于:在至少一个基本信道中发送话务数据、声音数据和信令;在补充信道中发送话务数据;以及在寻呼信道中发送寻呼消息。
在又一个方面本发明提供了一种用于通信系统的接收装置,该装置包括接收机,用于:接收在至少一个基本信道中发送的话务数据、声音数据和信令;接收在补充信道中发送的话务数据;以及接收在寻呼信道中发送的寻呼消息。
本发明还提供了在通信系统中所使用的信道结构。通信系统包括两组物理信道,一组用于前向链路,另一组用于反向链路,利用此物理信道来促进各种逻辑信道的通信。
本发明可在两组物理信道(一组用于前向链路,另一组用于反向链路)中实施,以促进各逻辑信道的通信。物理信道包括数据和控制信道。在一示例实施例中,数据信道包括用于发送声音话务、数据话务、高速数据和其它开销(overhead)信息的基本信道以及用来发送高速数据的补充信道。在此示例实施例中,当远地站空闲时可释放(release)前向和反向话务信道以更加充分地利用可获得的容量。使用控制信道来发送控制消息和调度信息。
最好,话务信道包括基本和补充信道。基本信道可用来发送声音话务、数据话务、高速数据和信令消息。补充信道可用来发送高速数据。在此示例实施例中,基本和补充信道可同时进行发送。在此示例实施例中,为了提高可靠性(尤其是对于信令消息),基本信道可由软切换来支持。
最好,补充信道以多个数据速率之一进行发送。此数据速率是根据一组参数而选择的,这组参数可包括待发送的信息量、远地站可获得的发送功率以及每位所需的每比特(bit)能量。由调度器来分配数据速率,从而使系统通过速率最大。
最好,在通信期间周期性地测量现行的(active)一组远地站中所有基站的功率电平。把多小区(multi-cell)的Δ功率电平发送给基站,基站使用该信息发送来自“最好”的一组基站的高速数据,从而增加容量。此外,还周期性地测量所有载波的功率电平,并把多载波的Δ功率电平发送给基站。基站可使用该信息来增大弱载波的功率电平或给远地站重新分配一个新的载波分配。
远地站可以三种操作模式之一进行操作,这三种操作模式包括话务信道模式、暂停模式和休眠(dormant)模式。如果自最后一个发送终止开始的不工作(inactive)周期超过第一预定阈值,则将远地站置于暂停模式。在此示例实施例中,在暂停模式下,释放话务信道,而通过远地站和基站保持状态信息,且远地站监测处于无时隙(non-slotted)模式中的寻呼信道。因而,可在短的时间周期内使远地站返回话务信道。如果不工作的周期超过第二预定阈值,则将远地站置于休眠模式。在此示例实施例中,在休眠模式下,远地站或基站都不保持状态信息,但远地站继续监测处于时隙模式中的寻呼信道的寻呼消息。
可在控制帧上发送控制数据,此控制帧是话务信道帧的一部分。在此示例实施例中,远地站使用控制信道帧格式来发送远地站所请求的数据速率和其它信息,此控制信道帧格式把进行数据速率请求的时间与以所分配的数据速率进行实际发送的时间之间的处理延迟减到最小。此外,本发明提供了用于前向和反向链路的删除指示位(erasure-indicator-bits),可用它来替代由IS-707标准所定义的NACKRLP帧。
依据本发明的一个方面,在一无线通信系统中,其中远程站接收来自多个基站的基本信道数据,一种用于在发送补充信道数据中执行软越区切换的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:在所述远程站处测量来自所述多个基站的信号的强度;确定来自所述多个基站的最强信号的强度;把剩余的一组基站的信号的强度与所述最强信号的强度相比较;确定剩余的一组基站的信号强度是否在所述最强信号强度的预定能量阈值以内;发送指示来自所述远程站的所述确定的消息;依据所述消息,从所述多个基站中选择至少一个基站来把所述补充信道数据发送到所述远程站;从所述选中的至少一个基站把所述补充信道数据发送到所述远程站。
附图概述
从以下对本发明实施例的详细描述并参考附图将使本发明的以上和进一步的特征、目的和优点变得更加明显起来,其中相同的标号表示相应的部分,其中:
图1是实施本发明的示例通信系统的图;
图2是示出实施本发明的示例通信系统的基本子系统的方框图;以及
图3是示出在前向链路上的物理和逻辑信道之间关系的示例图;
图4是示出在反向链路上的物理和逻辑信道之间关系的示例图;
图5A和5B是分别示出使用小区间Δ功率电平来控制前向补充信道发送的示例图;
图6是接收到的多载波信号的频谱的示例图;
图7A是示例反向链路导频/控制信道帧格式的图;
图7B是示出反向链路高速数据发送的示例时序图;
图7C是示出使用小区间Δ功率电平的示例时序图;
图7D是示出使用载波间功率电平的示例时序图;
图7E是示出发送EIB位的示例时序图;
图8A-8B分别是示出转变到暂停和休眠模式的示例时序图和示出各操作模式之间的转变的示例时序图;
图8C是示出在暂停模式下操作的远地站在检测到新的导频时发送位置更新消息这一情况的示例图;
图9A-9B是分别示出基站启动的从暂停和休眠模式向话务信道模式转变的协议的示例图;以及
图9C-9D是分别示出远地站启动的从暂停和休眠模式向话务信道模式转变的协议的示例图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
I.系统描述
参考附图,图1示出一示例的通信系统。一个这样的系统是遵循IS-95标准的CDMA通信系统。另一个这样的系统如上述08/654,443号美国专利申请中所述。此通信系统包括多个小区2a-2g。由相应的基站4对每个小区2进行服务。各远地站6散布于整个通信系统中。在示例实施例中,每个远地站6在前向链路上在每个话务信道帧或帧时与零个或多个基站4进行通信。例如,在前向链路上,在帧i时,基站4a发送到远地站6a和6j,基站4b发送到远地站6b和6j,基站4c发送到远地站6c和6h。如图1所示,每个基站4在任意给定的时刻把数据发送到零个或多个远地站6。此外,数据速率是可变的且可依据通过接收远地站6测得的载波-干扰比(C/I)和所需的每比特能量-噪声比(Eb/N0)。为了简化,在图1中未示出从远地站6至基站4的反向链路发送。
图2中示出示例通信系统的基本子系统的方框图。基站控制器10与分组网络接口24、PSTN 30及在通信系统中的所有基站4(为了简化,在图2中仅示出一个基站4)相接。基站控制器10协调通信系统中的远地站6与连到分组网络接口24和PSTN 30的其它用户之间的通信。PSTN 30通过标准电话网络(在图2中未示出)与用户相接。
基站控制器10包含许多选择器元件14,但为了简化在图2中仅示出一个。分配一个选择器元件14来控制一个或多个基站4与一个远地站6之间的通信。如果尚未把选择器元件14分配给远地站6,则通知呼叫控制处理器16需要寻呼远地站6。然后,呼叫控制处理器16指示基站4寻呼远地站6。
数据源20包含待发送到远地站6的数据。数据源20把数据提供给分组网络接口24。分组网络接口24接收数据并把数据按路由发送到选择器元件14。选择器元件14把数据发送到与远地站6通信的每个基站4。在示例实施例中,每个基站4保持包含待发送到远地站6的数据的数据队列40。
以数据分组把数据从数据队列40发送到信道元件42。在示例实施例中,在前向链路上,数据分组是指将在一帧内发送到目的地远地站6的固定量的数据。对于每个数据分组,信道元件42插入必要的控制字段。在示例实施例中,信道元件42对数据分组和控制字段进行CRC编码并插入一组代码尾标(tail)位。数据分组、控制字段、CRC奇偶校验位和代码尾标位包括一格式化分组。在示例实施例中,信道元件42对此格式化分组进行编码并将经编码的分组内的码元(symbol)交错(interleave)(或重新排序)。在示例实施例中,此交错分组以一长的PN码进行扰频(scramble),以Walsh覆盖(cover)来覆盖并以短的PNI和PNQ码来扩展。把此扩展数据提供给RF单元44,RF单元44对此信号进行正交调制、滤波和放大。在前向链路50上,通过天线46以无线电方式发送前向链路信号。
在远地站6处,天线60接收前向链路信号并按路由发送到前端62内的接收机。接收机对此信号进行滤波、放大、正交解调和量化。把此数字化信号提供给解调器(DEMOD)64,在这里,数字化信号以短的PNI和PNQ码来解扩展,以Walsh覆盖来解覆盖,并以长的PN码来解扰频。把此解调数据提供给解码器66,解码器66进行在基站4处所进行的相反的信号处理功能,尤其是去交错、解码和CRC校验功能。把此经解码的数据提供给数据汇(sink)68。
通信系统支持反向链路上的数据和消息发送。在远地站6内,控制器76通过把数据或消息按路由发送到编码器72来处理数据或消息发送。在示例的实施例中,编码器72对与上述5,504,773号美国专利中所述的空白突发序列(blank-and-burst)信令数据格式一致的消息进行格式化。然后,编码器72产生并添加一组CRC位,添加一组代码尾标位,对数据和所添加的位进行编码,并对经编码的数据内的码元重新排序。把此交错数据提供给调制器(MOD)74。
调制器74可以许多实施例来实现。在第一实施例中,交错数据被Walsh码所覆盖(它识别分配给远地站6的数据信道),以一长的PN码来扩展,且进一步以短的PN码来扩展。把此扩展数据提供给前端62内的发射机。发射机进行调制、滤波、放大,并在反向链路52上通过天线60以无线电方式发送此反向链路信号。
在第二实施例中,调制器74起到与遵循IS-95标准的示例CDMA系统的调制器相同的功能。在此实施例中,调制器74使用Walsh码映射把交错位映射到另一信号空间中。具体来说,此交错数据被分为六位一组。把这些六位映射到相应的64位Walsh序列。然后,调制器74以一长的PN码和短的PN码扩展Walsh序列。把此扩展数据提供给以上述方式起作用的前端62内的发射机。
对于这两个实施例,在基站4处,反向链路信号由天线46接收并提供给RF单元44。RF单元对此信号进行滤波、放大、解调和量化并把此数字化信号提供给信道元件42。信道元件以短的PN码和长的PN码对此数字化信号进行解扩展。信道元件42还依据在远地站6处所进行的信号处理来进行Walsh码映射或解覆盖。然后,信道元件42对经解调的数据重新排序,对经去交错的数据进行解码,并进行CRC校验功能。把例如数据或消息等解码数据提供给选择器元件14。选择器元件14把此数据和消息按路由发送到适当的目的地(例如,数据汇22)。
如上所述,此硬件支持前向链路上的数据、消息、声音、视频的发送和其它通信。可把其它硬件结构设计成支持可变速率发送,这在本发明的范围内。
调度器12连到基站控制器10内的所有选择器元件14上。调度器12调度前向和反向链路上的高速数据发送。调度器12接收表示待发送的数据量的队列尺寸及以下所述的其它有关信息。调度器12调度数据发送,以实现数据通过量最大同时遵循系统限制这一系统目标。
如图1所示,远地站6散布于整个通信系统,且可与零个或多个基站4进行通信。在示例实施例中,调度器12协调整个通信系统上的前向和反向链路高速数据发送。在1997年2月11日提交的题为“前向链路速率调度方法和设备”的08/798,951号美国专利申请中详细地描述了高速数据发送的调度方法和设备,该申请已转让给本发明的受让人,并在这里通过引用而参考。
II.前向链路信道
在示例实施例中,前向链路包括下列物理信道:导频信道、同步信道、寻呼信道、基本信道、补充信道和控制信道。前向链路物理信道有利于各逻辑信道的发送。在示例实施例中,前向链路逻辑信道包括:物理层控制、媒体访问控制(MAC)、用户话务流和信令。在图3中示出前向链路上的物理和逻辑信道之间关系的图。下面进一步描述前向链路逻辑信道。
III.前向导频信道
在示例实施例中,前向导频信道包括由远地站6所使用的用以进行同步和解调的未调制信号。在示例实施例中,由基站4在所有时间发送导频信道。
IV.前向同步信道
在示例实施例中,使用前向同步信道把系统定时信息发送到远地站6用以进行初始时间同步。在示例实施例中,还使用同步信道把寻呼信道的数据速率通知远地站6。在示例实施例中,同步信道的结构可类似于IS-95系统中的结构。
V.前向寻呼信道
在示例实施例中,使用前向寻呼信道把系统开销信息和专用消息发送到远地站6。在示例实施例中,寻呼信道的结构可类似于IS-95系统中的结构。在示例实施例中,寻呼信道支持如IS-95标准所定义的有时隙模式的寻呼和无时隙模式的寻呼。在1995年2月21日授权的题为“减少移动通信接收机中的功耗的方法和设备”的5,392,287号美国专利中详细地描述了有时隙和无时隙模式的寻呼,该专利已转让给本发明的受让人并在这里通过引用而参考。
VI.前向基本信道
在示例实施例中,使用前向话务信道在通信期间把来自基站4的声音、数据和信令消息发送到远地站6。在示例实施例中,前向话务信道包括基本信道和补充信道。基本信道可用来发送如图3所示的声音话务、数据话务、高速数据话务、信令话务、物理层控制消息和MAC信息。在示例实施例中,补充信道仅用于发送高速数据。
在示例实施例中,基本信道是可变速率信道,它可以用于两种模式中之一:专用模式和共享模式。在专用模式中,基本信道用来发送声音话务、IS-707数据话务、高速数据话务和信令话务。在示例实施例中,在专用模式下,以上述5,504,773号美国专利中所述的半空白突发序列(dim-and-burst)或空白突发序列格式来发送信令信息。
或者,如果远地站6没有现行的电路切换业务(例如,声音或传真),则基本信道可以共享模式进行操作。在共享模式下,基本信道由一组远地站6所共享,且使用前向控制信道向远地站6指示何时对所分配的基本信道进行解调。
共享模式增加了前向链路的容量。在没有现行的声音或电路切换数据业务时,使用专用基本信道是效率不高的,因为此基本信道正由间歇分组数据业务和信令话务所利用。例如,可使用基本信道来发送TCP确认。为了把信令消息和数据业务传递中的发送延迟减到最小,不明显地减小基本信道的发送速率。几个被利用的基本信道可对系统的性能产生不利影响(例如,引起高速用户的数据速率的减小)。
在示例实施例中,由前向控制信道上发送的指示位来指示特定远地站6使用共享模式的基本信道。当在共享信令信道上发送广播消息时,对该组中的所有远地站6设定此指示位。否则,仅对在下一帧上发送话务信道帧的特定远地站6设定此指示位。
VII.前向补充信道
在示例实施例中,使用补充信道来支持高速数据业务。在示例实施例中,可使用多个数据速率之一来发送补充信道帧,通过控制信道上的信令(例如,前向链路调度)把补充信道上所使用的数据速率发送到接收远地站6。因而,不需要由接收远地站6来动态地确定补充信道上的数据速率。在示例实施例中,经由在前向基本信道上发送的逻辑信令信道把用于补充信道的Walsh码经过通信到远地站6。
VIII.前向控制信道
在示例实施例中,控制信道是与每个远地站6有关的速率固定的信道。在示例实施例中,使用控制信道来发送用于前向和反向链路调度(见图3)的功率控制信息和短的控制消息。调度信息包括已对前向和反向补充信道分配的数据速率和发送持续时间。
可通过在控制信道上发送的信令信道帧来调整基本信道的使用。在示例实施例中,由控制信道帧内的指示位来进行逻辑信令信道帧的分配。每当在下一帧中有在基本信道上导向远地站6的信息时,过程基本指示位就通知远地站6。
还使用控制信道来发送反向功率控制位。反向功率控制位指示远地站6增加或减小其发送功率,从而保持所需的性能水平(例如,由帧出错率测得)同时把对毗邻远地站6的干扰减到最小。在5,056,109号题为“控制CDMA蜂窝式移动电话系统中的发送功率的方法和设备”的美国专利中详细地描述了进行反向链路功率控制的示例方法和设备,该专利已转让给本发明的受让人并在这里通过引用而参考。在示例实施例中,在控制信道上每1.25毫秒发送反向功率控制位。为了增加容量并把干扰减到最小,仅当存在远地站6可获得的调度或控制信息时,才在控制信道上发送控制信道帧。否则,只在控制信道上发送功率控制位。
在示例实施例中,控制信道由软切换所支持,以增加控制信道的接收的可靠性。在示例实施例中,控制信道以IS-95标准所规定的方式置于软切换内外。在示例实施例中,为了加快前向和反向链路的调度过程,每个控制帧为话务信道帧的四分之一,或20毫秒的话务信道帧中的5毫秒。
IX.控制信道帧结构
在表1和表2中分别示出用于前向和反向链路调度的示例控制信道帧格式。这两个分开的调度控制信道帧(一个用于前向链路,另一个用于反向链路)考虑到独立的前向和反向链路调度。
在示例实施例中,如表1所示,用于前向链路调度的控制信道帧格式包括帧的类型、所分配的前向链路速率以及前向链路速率分配的持续时间。帧的类型指示控制信道帧是用于前向链路调度、反向链路调度、补充信道现行组还是删除指示位(EIB)和基本帧指示器。下面讨论每一个控制信道帧格式。前向链路速率指示即将来临的数据发送所分配的数据速率,持续时间字段指示速率分配的持续时间。虽然可使用不同的位数,并且这也在本发明的范围内,但在表1中示出每个字段的示例位数。
表1
说明 | 位数 |
帧的类型 | 2 |
前向链路速率 | 4 |
前向链路速率分配的持续时间 | 4 |
合计 | 10 |
在示例实施例中,如表2所示,用于反向链路调度的控制信道帧格式包括帧的类型、许可反向链路速率和反向链路速率分配的持续时间。反向链路速率指示对即将来临的数据发送已经许可的数据速率。持续时间字段指示每个载波的速率分配的持续时间。
表2
说明 | 位数 |
帧的类型 | 2 |
反向链路速率(许可) | 4 |
反向链路速率分配的持续时间 | 12(每载波4个) |
合计 | 18 |
在示例实施例中,基站4可接收来自远地站6的指示现行的一组远地站6内的最强导频以及该现行的组中在最强导频的预定功率电平(ΔP)内接收到的所有其它导频的标识的报告。这将在以下详细讨论。响应于此功率测量报告,基站4可在控制信道上发送一控制信道帧以识别远地站6将从中接收补充信道的经修正的一组信道。在示例实施例中,经由信令消息把相应于现行组中所有成员的补充信道的代码信道发送给远地站6。
在表3中示出基站4所使用的以识别从中发送补充信道帧的新的一组基站4的示例控制信道帧格式。在示例实施例中,此控制信道帧包括帧的类型和补充现行组。在示例实施例中,补充现行组字段为位映射字段。在示例实施例中,此字段的位置i中的一表示从现行组中的第i个基站4发送补充信道。
表3
说明 | 位数 |
帧的类型 | 2 |
补充现行组 | 6 |
合计 | 8 |
在表4中示出用于发送过程基本信道指示位和EIB的示例控制信道帧格式。在示例实施例中,此控制信道帧包括帧的类型、基本和补充信道EIB以及过程基本信道位。基本EIB指示是否已删除先前接收到的反向链路基本信道帧。类似地,补充EIB指示是否已删除先前接收到的反向链路补充信道帧。过程基本信道位(或指示位)通知远地站6对信息的基本信道进行解调。
表4
说明 | 位数 |
帧的类型 | 2 |
反向基本信道的EIB | 1 |
反向补充信道的EIB | 1 |
过程基本信道 | 1 |
合计 | 5 |
X.反向链路信道
在示例实施例中,反向链路包括以下的物理信道:访问信道、导频/控制信道、基本信道和补充信道。在示例实施例中,反向链路物理信道有利于各种逻辑信道的发送。反向链路逻辑信道包括:物理层控制、MAC、用户话务流和信令。在图4中示出反向链路上的物理和逻辑信道之间的关系的图。以下进一步描述反向链路逻辑信道。
XI.反向访问信道
在示例实施例中,远地站6使用访问信道把始发消息发送到基站4来请求基本信道。远地站6还使用访问信道对寻呼消息作出响应。在示例实施例中,访问信道的结构可类似于IS-95系统中的结构。
XII.反向基本信道
在示例实施例中,使用反向话务信道在通信期间把声音、数据和信令消息从远地站6发送到基站4。在示例实施例中,反向话务信道包括基本信道和补充信道。基本信道可用来发送声音话务、IS-707数据话务和信令话务。在示例实施例中,补充信道仅用来发送高速数据。
在示例实施例中,反向基本信道的帧结构类似于IS-95系统中的结构。因此,可动态地改变基本信道的数据速率并利用速率确定机构对基站4处接收到的信号进行解调。在1994年4月26日提交的题为“确定通信接收机中发送的可变速率数据的数据速率的方法和设备”的08/233,570号未决美国专利申请中揭示了一种示例的速率确定机构,该申请已转让给本发明的受让人并在这里通过引用而作为参考。在1996年10月18日提交的题为“确定可变速率通信系统中接收到的数据的速率的方法和设备”的08/730,863号美国专利申请中描述了另一种速率确定机构,该专利已转让给本发明的受让人并在这里通过引用而作为参考。在示例实施例中,使用上述5,504,773号美国专利中所述的半空白突发序列或空白突发序列格式在基本信道上发送信令信息。
XIII.反向补充信道
在示例实施例中,补充信道用来支持高速数据业务。在示例实施例中,补充信道支持多个数据速率,但此数据速率在发送期间不发生动态改变。在示例实施例中,远地站6请求补充信道上的数据速率并由基站4许可。
XIV.反向导频/控制信道
在示例实施例中,在反向链路上的导频和控制信息在导频/控制信道上是时间多路复用的。在示例实施例中,控制信息包括物理层控制和MAC。在示例实施例中,物理层控制包括用于前向基本和补充信道的删除指示位(EIB)、前向功率控制位、小区间Δ功率电平和载波间功率电平。在示例实施例中,MAC包括表示由远地站6在反向链路上待发送的信息量的队列尺寸以及远地站6的当前功率峰值储备(headroom)。
在示例实施例中,使用两个EIB位来支持前向基本和补充信道。在示例实施例中,每个EIB位指示一个删除帧,它是分配IEB位的各个前向话务信道在两帧以前接收到的。在5,568,483号题为“用于发送的数据的格式化方法和设备”的美国专利中揭示了对实现和使用EIB发送的讨论,该专利已转让给本发明的受让人并在这里通过引用而作为参考。
在示例实施例中,可从“最好”的一组基站4中发送前向基本和/或补充信道。这样利用了空间分集(diversity)的优势,并可能导致前向话务信道上的发送需要较少的功率。远地站6在导频/控制信道上发送小区间Δ功率电平,以给基站4指示远地站6观察到的从基站4接收到的功率电平之差。基站4使用此信息来确定用以发送前向基本和补充信道的“最好”的一组基站4。
在示例实施例中,小区间Δ功率电平以最高的每筹元(chip)能量-干扰比(Ec/I0)及现行组中(其Ec/I0在具有最高Ec/I0的导频的预定功率电平(ΔP)内)的所有导频来识别现行的一组远地站6中的导频。在1996年9月27日提交的题为“测量在扩展频谱通信系统中的链路质量的方法和设备”的08/722,763号美国专利申请中揭示了测量导频功率电平的示例方法和设备,该申请已转让给本发明的受让人,并在这里通过引用而作为参考。在示例实施例中,使用三位来指定现行组中具有最高Ec/I0的导频(或特定基站4)的指数。在示例实施例中,现行组内导频的数限于六。因而,可使用长度为五的位映射字段来识别其Ec/I0在最强导频的ΔP内的所有导频。例如,“1”可指示分配给特定位位置的导频在最强导频的ΔP内,“0”可指示该导频不在最强导频的ΔP内。因此,总共把八位用于小区间Δ功率电平。这如表3所示。
表5
说明 | 位数 |
基本EIB | 1 |
补充EIB | 1 |
小区间Δ功率电平 | 8(3+5) |
载波间功率电平 | 12(4位/载波) |
队列尺寸 | 4 |
功率峰值储备 | 4 |
在图5A和5B中示出使用小区间Δ功率电平来控制前向补充信道发送的一个示例。在图5A中,最初,基站A发送基本和补充信道,基站B发送基本信道,基站C发送基本信道。远地站6测量前向链路功率并确定从基站C接收到的功率电平高于从基站A接收到的功率电平。远地站6把小区间Δ功率电平发送到指示此情况的基站。然后,如图5B所示,与之响应,前向补充信道发送从基站A切换到基站C。
在示例实施例中,使用载波间功率电平来报告每个载波上接收到的功率。在多载波环境下,不同载波可能单独地衰减(fade),有可能一个或多个载波经历深度衰减同时明显更强地接收到其余的载波。在示例实施例中,远地站6可使用载波间功率电平来指示载波的强度。
在图6中示出接收到的多载波信号的频谱的示例图。从图6可注意,接收到的载波C弱于载波A和B。在示例实施例中,由前向功率控制位对这三个载波一起进行功率控制。基站4可使用载波间功率电平来给每个载波分配不同的速率。或者,基站4可使用来自远地站6的载波间功率电平来增加较弱载波的发送增益,从而以同一每比特能量-干扰比Ec/I0接收到所有载波。
在示例实施例中,对于反向链路的最多需要调度16个速率。因而,16级的量化足以指定远地站6的功率峰值储备。可把最大反向链路速率表示为:
Eb_Required
这里,Eb_Required是远地站6在反向链路上进行发送所需的每比特能量。从公式(1)并假定基站4使用4位来指示所许可的速率,如果把4位分配给功率峰值储备参数,则Max_Rate_Possible与Power_Headroom之间的一对一关系是可能的。在示例实施例中,支持多达三个载波。因而,此载波间功率电平包括12位来识别这三个载波中每个载波的强度(每个载波4位)。
一旦基站4确定所许可的速率,则可通过以下关系使用来自远地站6的队列尺寸信息来计算反向链路速率分配的持续时间:Power_Headroom
Queue_Size=Reverse_Rate·Assignment_Duration (2)
(队列尺寸=反向速率·分配持续时间)
因此,队列尺寸的粒度应与基站4用来规定速率分配的持续时间的粒度(例如,4位)相同。
以上讨论假定最多需要调度16个速率和最多三个载波。可使用不同的位数来支持不同数目的载波和速率,它们在本发明的范围内。
XV.定时与调度
如上所述,控制信息是与导频数据时间上多路复用的。在示例实施例中,控制信息在一帧内扩展从而发生连续发送。在示例实施例中,把每一帧进一步分割成四个相等的控制帧。因而,对于一20毫秒的帧,每个控制帧的持续时间为5毫秒。可以设想把前向信道帧分割成不同数目的控制帧,这也在本发明的范围内。
在图7A中示出示例的反向链路导频/控制信道帧格式的图。在示例实施例中,在一帧的第一控制帧内发送小区间Δ功率电平112,在第二控制帧内发送载波间功率电平114,在第三控制帧内发送EIB位116,在第四控制帧内发送反向链路速率请求(RL速率请求)118。
在图7B中示出说明反向链路高速数据发送的示例时序图。在块212中,远地站6在帧i的第四控制帧内把RL速率请求发送到基站4。在示例实施例中,RL速率请求包括如上所述的4位队列尺寸和4位功率峰值储备。在块214中,信道元件42在帧i+1的第一控制帧内接收该请求,并把此请求与远地站6所需的Eb/N0一起发送到调度器12。在块216中,调度器12在帧i+1的第三控制帧内接收该请求,并调度该请求。然后,在块218中,调度器12在帧i+2的第一控制帧内把此调度发送到信道元件42。在块220中,信道元件42在帧i+2的第三控制帧内接收此调度。在块222中,在帧i+2的第三控制帧内把包含此反向链路调度的前向链路控制帧发送到远地站6。在块224中,远地站6在帧i+2的第四控制帧内接收此反向链路调度,并在块226处,在帧i+3内开始以所调度的速率进行发送。
基站4使用由远地站6在第一控制帧内发送的小区间Δ功率电平,以选择从其中发送补充信道的基站4。在图7C中示出使用小区间Δ功率电平的示例时序图。在块242处,远地站6在帧i的第一控制帧内把小区间Δ功率电平发送到基站4。在块244处,信道元件42在帧i的第二控制帧内接收此小区间Δ功率电平,并把此信息发送到基站控制器(BSC)10。在块246处,基站控制器10在帧i的第四控制帧内接收此信息。然后,在块248处,基站控制器10在帧i+1的第一控制帧内确定新的一组现行补充信道。在块250处,信道元件42在帧i+1的第三控制帧处接收包含此新的补充现行组的前向链路控制信道帧,并把它在前向链路控制信道上发送。在块252处,远地站6在帧i+1的第四控制帧内结束对前向链路控制信道帧的解码。在块254处,远地站6在帧i+2处开始对新的补充信道的解调。
基站4使用由远地站6在第二控制帧内发送的载波间功率电平,以把速率分配给每个载波来支持远地站6。在图7D中示出使用载波间功率电平的示例时序图。在块262处,远地站6在帧i的第二控制帧内发送载波间功率电平。在块264处,信道元件42在帧i的第三控制帧内对帧进行解码。在块266处,基站4在帧i的第四控制帧内接收载波间功率电平并把速率分配给每个载波。在示例实施例中,载波间功率电平不通过回程(backhaul)按路由发送。因此,可在接收到载波间功率电平后的下一帧内使适当的动作有效。在块268处,在帧i+1的第一控制帧内发送包含每个载波的速率的前向链路控制信道帧。在块270处,远地站6在帧i+1的第二控制帧内完成对前向链路控制帧的解码。在块272处,远地站6在帧i+2内开始依据载波的新速率进行解调。
在示例实施例中,在第三控制帧内在导频/控制信道上发送EIB位,以指示远地站6在基本和补充信道上接收到的删除帧。在示例实施例中,高速数据业务可把EIB位用作层2确认(ACK)或否认(NACK),替代题为“宽带扩展频谱系统的TIA/EIA/IS-707数据业务选项”的IS-707标准所定义的NACK(否认)无线电链路协议(RLP)帧。与NACK RLP帧相比,本实施例的EIB位较短,且具有较少的处理延迟。在图7E中示出发送EIB位的示例时序图。在块282处,远地站6在帧i-2内接收前向链路上的话务信道上的数据。在块284处,在帧i的第一控制帧中远地站6结束对帧i-2的解码并确定是否删除该数据帧。在块286处,远地站6在帧i的第三控制帧内发送在前向话务信道上的表示在帧i-2中接收到的数据帧的状态的EIB位。
如上所述的反向链路导频/控制信道帧格式是示例的格式,它把利用包含在导频/控制信道帧内的过程的处理延迟减到最小。对于某些通信系统,上述的某些信息是不适用的,而且也是不需要的。例如,以一个载波进行操作的通信系统不需要载波间功率电平。对于其它通信系统,利用附加的信息来实现各种系统功能。因而,可以设想包含不同的信息且利用这些信息的不同排序的导频/控制信道帧格式,这在本发明的范围内。
XVI.远地站操作模式
在示例实施例中,为了更充分地利用可获得的前向和反向链路容量,在不工作期间释放话务信道。在示例实施例中,远地站6以三种模式之一进行操作:话务信道模式、暂停模式和休眠模式。每个模式的转变依据不工作周期的长度。
在图8A中示出转变到暂停和休眠模式的示例时序图,在图8B中示出各操作模式之间的转变的示例状态图。由正处于图8A中的话务信道模式312a、312b和312c以及图8B中的话务信道模式312的远地站6来表示前向和/或反向话务信道中的话务(或活动)。以Tidle(T空闲)所表示的不工作周期是自最后一个数据发送终止以后的持续时间。在示例实施例中,如果不工作周期超过第一预定空闲周期Ts,则远地站6处于暂停模式314。一旦处于暂停模式314,则如果当不工作周期超过第二预定空闲周期Td(这里,Td>Ts)时,远地站6就处于休眠模式316。无论在暂停模式314或休眠模式316下,如果基站4或远地站6有数据要通过通信传送,则分配一话务信道给远地站6,并使其返回话务信道模式312(如图8B所示)。在示例实施例中,选择Ts近似于一秒,选择Td近似于60秒,虽然可对Ts和Td选择其它值,这也在本发明的范围内。
XVII.远地站暂停模式
在不工作周期超过第一预定空闲周期Ts后远地站6进入暂停模式。在示例实施例中,在暂停模式下,释放话务信道,但远地站6和基站4保留状态信息,从而远地站6可在短时间内返回话务信道模式。在示例实施例中,暂停模式下所存储的状态信息包括RLP状态、话务信道配置、加密变量和鉴别变量。这些状态信息是由IS-95和IS-707标准所定义的。话务信道配置可包括业务配置、关连的业务选项及其特性以及功率控制参数。由于存储了状态信息,所以远地站6可在接收到信道分配消息后返回话务信道模式并被分配一话务信道。
在示例实施例中,在暂停模式下,远地站6以无时隙模式连续地监测寻呼信道,并处理在寻呼信道上广播到所有远地站6的开销消息。远地站6可把位置更新消息发送到基站4,以把其当前位置通知基站控制器10。在图8C中示出在暂停模式下操作的远地站6k在检测到新的导频时发送一位置更新消息的情况的示例图。远地站6k接收来自基站4i和4j的导频以及来自基站4k的新的导频。然后,远地站6k在反向链路上发送一位置更新消息,此消息由基站4i、4j和4k接收。如果来自基站4之一的导频下降到低于预定阈值,远地站6k还可发送一暂停位置更新消息。在示例实施例中,在访问信道上发送暂停位置更新消息。
在示例实施例中,由基站4把位置更新消息按路由发送到基站控制器10。因而,基站控制器10随时可知道远地站6的位置,并可组成一信道分配消息并可以在软切换模式中使远地站6进入话务信道模式。
XVIII.远地站休眠模式
在示例实施例中,远地站6在休眠模式时以有时隙的模式监测寻呼信道,以节约电池功率。在示例实施例中,休眠模式类似于IS-707标准所定义的模式。
在示例实施例中,在休眠模式下,不论基站4还是远地站6都不保存与呼叫有关的状态信息,远地站6和基站4只保存点对点协议(PPP)的状态。结果,在远地站6被分配一话务信道并返回话务信道模式之前,远地站6和基站4遍历(traverse through)呼叫建立过程(包括寻呼、寻呼响应和信道分配)。
XIX.转变到话务信道模式
在示例实施例中,可由基站4或远地站6来启动远地站6从暂停或休眠模式向话务信道模式的转变。在图9A和9B中分别示出基站启动的从暂停和休眠模式向话务信道模式转变的协议的示例图。如果基站4有数据要传送到远地站6,则基站4启动此过程。如果远地站6处于暂停模式(见图9A),则基站4在寻呼信道上发送一信道分配消息,数据发送可在其后很快地发生。如果远地站6处于休眠模式(见图9B),则基站4首先在寻呼信道上发送一寻呼消息。远地站6接收此寻呼消息并在确认时发送一寻呼响应消息。然后,基站4发送信道分配消息。在一系列业务协商(negotiation)消息后,完成呼叫建立,并在其后发生数据发送。如图9A和9B所示,从暂停模式到话务信道模式的转变比从休眠模式到话务信道模式的转变更快,这是因为远地站6和基站4保持了呼叫的状态。
在图9C和9D中分别示出远地站启动的从暂停和休眠模式向话务信道模式转变的协议的示例图。如果远地站6有数据要传送到基站4,远地站6启动此过程。如果远地站6处于暂停模式(见图9C),则远地站6把一重新连接消息发送到基站4。然后,基站4发送一信道分配消息,可在其后很快地发生数据发送。如果远地站6处于休眠模式(见图9D),则远地站6首先把一始发消息发送到基站4。然后,基站4发送信道分配消息。在一系列业务协商消息后,呼叫建立完成,可在其后发生数据发送。
已通过有利于上述多个逻辑信道的通信的许多物理信道描述了本发明。还可利用其它物理信道来实现使用这些信道的通信系统可能需要的附加功能。此外,可多路复用和/或组合上述物理信道,从而可完成所需的功能,物理信道的各种组合在本发明的范围内。
先前对较佳实施例进行了描述,以使本领域内的技术人员可制造和使用本发明。对这些实施例的修改对本领域内的技术人员来说是明显的,可把这里所述的普遍原理应用于其它实施例而无需使用创造性。因而,本发明将不限于这里所示的实施例,而是依据符合这里所揭示的原理和新特征的最宽范围。
Claims (32)
1.在一无线通信系统中,其中远程站接收来自多个基站的基本信道数据,一种用于在发送补充信道数据中执行软越区切换的方法,其特征在于所述方法包括以下步骤:
在所述远程站处测量来自所述多个基站的信号的强度;
确定来自所述多个基站的最强信号的强度;
把剩余的一组基站的信号的强度与所述最强信号的强度相比较;
确定剩余的一组基站的信号强度是否在所述最强信号强度的预定能量阈值以内;
发送指示来自所述远程站的所述确定的消息;
依据所述消息,从所述多个基站中选择至少一个基站来把所述补充信道数据发送到所述远程站;
从所述选中的至少一个基站把所述补充信道数据发送到所述远程站。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述消息包括:
指示所述最强信号的强度的信号;以及
相应于所述剩余的一组基站中每个基站的信号,其中每个信号指示所述剩余的一组基站中处于所述最强信号的所述预定阈值以内的那些基站。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于指示所述最强信号的强度的所述信号包括三位;以及
所述多个信号中的每一个包括相应于所述剩余的一组基站中每一个基站的一位,所述一位指示所述相应基站的所述信号的能量是否在所述最强信号的所述预定阈值内。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述远程站能接收多个载频上的信号,所述方法还包括以下步骤:
测量所述多个载频中每一个上的信号的信号能量;
发送指示所述多个载频的所述测得能量的消息;以及
其中所述选择步骤是依据指示所述多个载频的所述测得能量的所述消息来执行的。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于如果所述远地站的不工作周期超过第一预定阈值,则远地站释放所述基本信道。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于如果所述远地站的所述不工作周期超过所述第一预定阈值,则保持所述通信的状态。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于如果所述远地站的所述不工作周期超过第二预定阈值,则不保持所述通信的所述状态。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于将所述补充信道分配给远地站用于高速数据发送。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述补充信道能以多个数据速率之一来进行数据发送。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于软切换不支持所述补充信道。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述补充信道在发送的持续时间内以固定数据速率进行发送。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于依据待发送的数据量来分配所述固定数据速率。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于依据发送源的功率峰值储备来分配所述固定数据速率。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于依据所述发送所需的每比特能量来分配所述固定数据速率。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在控制帧上发送控制消息,每个所述控制帧是话务信道帧的一部分。
16.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于发送包括反向链路数据请求的控制消息。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于所述反向链路数据请求包括待发送的数据量的指示。
18.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于所述反向链路数据请求包括功率峰值储备的指示。
19.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于发送包括表示现行的一组远地站中接收到的导频的功率电平的多小区Δ功率电平的控制消息。
20.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于发送包括表示现行的一组远地站中接收到的载波的功率电平的多载波功率电平的控制消息。
21.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于发送包括表示先前接收到的数据帧的删除状态的删除指示位的控制消息。
22.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于所述补充信道是从依据所述多小区Δ功率电平选择的基站发送的。
23.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于所述多小区Δ功率电平是在话务信道帧的第一控制帧内发送的。
24.如权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于所述多载波功率电平是在话务信道帧的第二控制帧内发送的。
25.如权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于所述删除指示位是在话务信道帧的第三控制帧内发送的。
26.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于所述反向链路数据请求是在话务信道帧的第四控制帧内发送的。
27.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于发送包括所分配的数据速率的调度信息。
28.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于发送包括所分配的发送的持续时间的调度信息。
29.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于发送包括表示先前接收到的数据帧的删除状态的删除指示位的信令。
30.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于发送包括表示远地站的所述基本信道上是否存在消息的指示位的信令信息。
31.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于如果所述远地站的不工作周期超过第一预定阈值,则远地站以无时隙模式接收所述寻呼信道。
32.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于如果所述远地站的不工作周期超过第二预定阈值,则远地站以有时隙模式接收所述寻呼信道。
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