CN117843564A - 一种联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法 - Google Patents
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- -1 bipyridine dicarboxylic acid compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium diisopropylamide Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)[N-]C(C)C ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001979 organolithium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006274 (C1-C3)alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004786 difluoromethoxy group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- YNXURHRFIMQACJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;methanidylbenzene Chemical compound [Li+].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1 YNXURHRFIMQACJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000006308 propyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipicolinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=N1 WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VIMMECPCYZXUCI-MIMFYIINSA-N (4s,6r)-6-[(1e)-4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)buta-1,3-dienyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one Chemical compound CN1N=NN=C1C(\C=C\[C@@H]1OC(=O)C[C@@H](O)C1)=C(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 VIMMECPCYZXUCI-MIMFYIINSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006677 (C1-C3) haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- MIAMXHQVTYLVSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-carboxypyridin-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=CC=C1C1=CC=NC=C1C(O)=O MIAMXHQVTYLVSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYUAOSJIGMDMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-3-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CN=CC=C1Br GYUAOSJIGMDMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YLEIFZAVNWDOBM-ZTNXSLBXSA-N ac1l9hc7 Chemical compound C([C@H]12)C[C@@H](C([C@@H](O)CC3)(C)C)[C@@]43C[C@@]14CC[C@@]1(C)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]2O[C@]3(O)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)O[C@@H]3[C@@H](C)[C@H]12 YLEIFZAVNWDOBM-ZTNXSLBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVOISEJVFFIGQE-YCZSINBZSA-N n-[(1r,2s,5r)-5-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-[(3s)-2-oxo-3-[[6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl]amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl]cyclohexyl]acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C)C(C)C)CC[C@@H]1N1C(=O)[C@@H](NC=2C3=CC(=CC=C3N=CN=2)C(F)(F)F)CC1 GVOISEJVFFIGQE-YCZSINBZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
- C07D213/80—Acids; Esters in position 3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
- C07D213/803—Processes of preparation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,该方法将价廉易得的吡啶羧酸类化合物作为原料,与有机金属锂试剂进行作用后,在碘的作用下历经一步反应,以高收率得到联吡啶二羧酸类化合物。该合成方法是一种操作简便、步骤简短、反应选择性高,更具经济性的理想合成路线,缩短反应步骤的同时简化反应操作,提高了反应选择性,为联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成提供新的方法,有望促进联吡啶二羧酸类化合物特别是联吡啶衍生的冠醚和冠酯的进一步应用及发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成技术领域,尤其是涉及一种联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法。
背景技术
联吡啶环系统能够形成强配体场,进而能够与许多d段和f段金属阳离子形成具备动力学稳定的络合物,常被作为多功能螯合剂。由联吡啶衍生的冠醚和冠酯除用作有机催化剂外,部分杂环冠醚还可成功地用作超分子有机结构的构建块,并在超分子器件中用作共价或机械连接器。另外,部分联吡啶金属配合物若具备荧光性,那么构象变化会导致这些金属配合物的光物理性质发生显著变化,从而为设计发光传感器提供可能。
联吡啶-二羧酸类化合物作为一种更具结构调节性的联吡啶衍生物,由于其盐具备优异电子转移能力,近年来逐步被关注。现有技术中,该类化合物的合成报道较少,以[4,4'-联吡啶]-3,3'-二羧酸为例,常规的制备方法是采用3-甲基-4-溴吡啶作为原料,经分子间偶联得到4,4'-联吡啶-3,3'-二甲基中间体,该中间体再经高锰酸钾氧化得到目标化合物(Synthesis,2005,2005(06):907-914.),合成路线如下:
但是,该方法不仅偶联原料价格昂贵,经济性低,而且当需要制备多取代的联吡啶-二羧酸类化合物时,由于高锰酸钾的强氧化性,造成反应选择性低,一定程度上阻碍联吡啶-二羧酸类化合物的发展。
发明内容
针对现有技术中联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法存在原料价格昂贵、经济性低和反应选择性差的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,该合成方法是一种操作简便、步骤简短、反应选择性高,更具经济性的理想合成路线。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供一种联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,按照下式(a)所示的合成路线进行:
所述合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将化合物1加入到有机溶剂I中,在惰性气体保护下,降温至-50~-70℃,滴加有机锂试剂(化合物2),搅拌反应0.5~3h,得反应液;
(2)步骤(1)所得反应液升温至-5~0℃,滴加碘(化合物3)溶于有机溶剂I中的溶液,滴毕,保温反应0.5~2h;
(3)反应完成后,加水淬灭,有机溶剂II萃取,使用酸液调节体系pH至弱酸性,再次用有机溶剂II萃取,然后用有机相除去溶剂,所得粗产物纯化,得到目标产物联吡啶二羧酸类化合物(化合物4);
式(a)中,R选自氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基、C1-C3烷氧基、C1-C3卤代烷基、C1-C3卤代烷氧基中的一种或多种;
R1选自正丁基、叔丁基、二异丙基氨基、苄基中的一种或多种。
进一步,R选自氢、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、丙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基中的一种或多种。
更进一步,所述联吡啶二羧酸类化合物为6,6'-二氯-[4,4'-联吡啶]-3,3'-二羧酸。
进一步,步骤(1)中,所述有机溶剂I为四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环、甲苯中的一种或多种。
进一步,步骤(1)中,所述有机锂试剂为正丁基锂、叔丁基锂、二异丙基氨基锂、苄基锂中的一种或多种。
进一步,步骤(1)中,所述化合物1与有机溶剂I的质量体积比g/mL为1:1~30。
进一步,步骤(1)中,所述化合物1与化合物2的摩尔比为1:1.0~3.0。
进一步,步骤(1)中,搅拌反应时间为1h。
进一步,步骤(2)中,所述化合物3与有机溶剂I的质量体积比为1g/1~20mL。
进一步,步骤(2)中,所述化合物1与化合物3的摩尔比为1:1.0~2.0。
进一步,步骤(2)中,搅拌反应时间为0.5h。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述酸液为12mol/L或6mol/L的盐酸溶液。
进一步,步骤(3)中,体系pH调节至4~5。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述有机溶剂II为乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环、甲苯中的一种或多种。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述纯化方式为溶剂打浆。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明开发一种联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,该方法将价廉易得的吡啶羧酸类化合物作为原料,与有机金属锂试剂进行作用后,在碘素的作用下历经一步反应,以高收率得到联吡啶二羧酸类化合物。该合成方法缩短反应步骤的同时,反应操作更加简便,反应选择性更理想,为联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成提供新方法,对促进联吡啶二羧酸类化合物特别是联吡啶衍生的冠醚和冠酯的进一步应用和发展具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得6,6'-二氯-[4,4'-联吡啶]-3,3'-二羧酸的核磁氢谱图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例的附图,对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例提供一种联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,按照下式(a)所示的合成路线进行:
具体地,包括如下步骤:
(1)将化合物1加入到有机溶剂I中,在惰性气体保护下,降温至-50~-70℃,滴加有机锂试剂(化合物2),搅拌反应0.5~3h,得反应液;
(2)步骤(1)所得反应液升温至-5~0℃,滴加碘(化合物3)溶于有机溶剂I中的溶液,滴毕,保温反应0.5~2h;
(3)反应完成后,加水淬灭,有机溶剂II萃取,使用酸液调节体系pH至弱酸性,再次用有机溶剂II萃取,然后用有机相除去溶剂,所得粗产物纯化,得到目标产物联吡啶二羧酸类化合物(化合物4);
其中,R选自氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基、C1-C3烷氧基、C1-C3卤代烷基、C1-C3卤代烷氧基中的一种或多种;
R1选自正丁基、叔丁基、二异丙基氨基、苄基中的一种或多种。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例合成6,6'-二氯-[4,4'-联吡啶]-3,3'-二羧酸,合成路线如下:
将化合物1a(5.00g,31.74mmol,1.00eq)加入到100mL的THF中,氩气保护,降温到-60℃,再慢慢滴加化合物2a二异丙基氨基锂(LDA)(31.74mL,63.47mmol,2.00eq,2.00M的四氢呋喃溶液),搅拌1h,再慢慢升温到0℃,将化合物3碘粒(9.67g,38.08mmol,1.20eq)溶于50mL的THF中,慢慢滴加到体系中,保温搅拌30min。反应完成后,冲入300mL的冰水中,EA萃取(200mL×2),再将水相pH用12N的浓盐酸调至4~5左右,再次用EA萃取(200mL×2),分液有机相用食盐水反洗(200mL×2),无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得浓缩物用石油醚与乙酸乙酯的混合液(P/E=5:1,100mL×2)打浆,过滤,收集滤饼,45℃烘干,得到8.79g黄色固体化合物4a,收率为86.5%,纯度97.8%。
如图1所示,化合物4a 1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ13.46(s,2H),8.91(s,2H),7.62(s,2H).
实施例2-5
为进一步获得合成6,6'-二氯-[4,4'-联吡啶]-3,3'-二羧酸的反应最优条件,实施例2-5探究单一条件变量对反应的影响,如表1所示。
表1
由表1可知:
实施例2与实施例1相比,增加了化合物2有机锂试剂的用量,从反应收率可知,事宜用量为2eq,在此基础上增加其用量,有促使副反应增加的趋势。
实施例3与实施例1相比,增加了化合物3碘粒的用量至3eq,反应收率与1.2eq的差别不大,故而其事宜用量为1.2eq。
实施例3-5与实施例1相比,筛选了有机锂试剂的种类,显示二异丙基氨基锂为反应最适宜的有机锂试剂,其次是叔丁基锂,再次是正丁基锂,可能与试剂的碱性强弱有关。
以上所述为本发明的较佳实施例,但本发明不应该局限于该实施例所公开的内容。所以凡是不脱离本发明所公开的精神下完成的等效或修改,都落入本发明保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,按照下式(a)所示的合成路线进行:
所述合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将化合物1加入到有机溶剂I中,在惰性气体保护下,降温至-50~-70℃,滴加化合物2,搅拌反应0.5~3h,得反应液;
(2)步骤(1)所得反应液升温至-5~0℃,滴加碘溶于有机溶剂I中的溶液,滴毕,保温反应0.5~2h;
(3)反应完成后,加水淬灭,有机溶剂II萃取,使用酸液调节体系pH至弱酸性,再次用有机溶剂II萃取,然后用有机相除去溶剂,所得粗产物纯化,得到目标产物联吡啶二羧酸类化合物;
式(a)中,R选自氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基、C1-C3烷氧基、C1-C3卤代烷基、C1-C3卤代烷氧基中的一种或多种;
R1选自正丁基、叔丁基、二异丙基氨基、苄基中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,R选自氢、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、丙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述有机溶剂I为四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环、甲苯中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述化合物2为有机锂试剂,选自正丁基锂、叔丁基锂、二异丙基氨基锂、苄基锂中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述化合物1与有机溶剂I的质量体积比g/mL为1:1~30;
和/或所述化合物1与化合物2的摩尔比为1:1.0~3.0;
和/或步骤(1)中,搅拌反应时间为1h。
6.根据权利要求1所述联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述化合物3与有机溶剂I的质量体积比为1g/1~20mL;
和/或所述化合物1与化合物3的摩尔比为1:1.0~2.0。
7.根据权利要求1所述联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,搅拌反应时间为0.5h。
8.根据权利要求1所述联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述酸液为12mol/L或6mol/L的盐酸溶液。
9.根据权利要求1所述联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述有机溶剂II为乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环、甲苯中的一种或多种;
和/或体系pH调节至4~5;
和/或所述纯化方式为溶剂打浆。
10.根据权利要求1所述联吡啶二羧酸类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述联吡啶二羧酸类化合物为6,6'-二氯-[4,4'-联吡啶]-3,3'-二羧酸。
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