CN117821876A - 接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件防腐合金镀层制备工艺 - Google Patents
接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件防腐合金镀层制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件防腐合金镀层制备工艺,防腐合金镀层为Galfan合金+ZAM合金,包括:将接触网用钢材质零部件或紧固件进行预处理,将Galfan合金和ZAM合金置于容器中分别加热使其熔化成Galfan合金溶液和ZAM合金溶液并保持恒温;在氮气气氛下,将钢材质零部件或紧固件依次放入Galfan合金溶液和ZAM合金溶液中浸镀3~5min,使得钢材质零部件或紧固件表面镀有防腐合金层;对镀有防腐合金层的钢材质零部件或紧固件进行离心和钝化处理,得到表面有Galfan+ZAM防腐合金镀层的钢材质零部件或紧固件。本发明将两种合金复合在钢材质零部件及紧固件上,满足相应的耐腐蚀要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于轨道交通牵引供电系统接触网零件技术领域,具体涉及一种接触网用钢材质零部件及钢材质紧固件防腐合金镀层制备工艺。
背景技术
电气化铁路和城市轨道交通接触网运行在沿海、重污染区段时,传统钢材质零部件及钢材质紧固件使用的热浸镀锌防腐技术,已经难以适应其严苛的外部环境。许多沿海、重污染区段的钢材质零部件及钢材质紧固件虽做了严格的热浸镀锌防腐保护,但仍出现部分腐蚀现象。腐蚀会导致钢材质零部件及钢材质紧固件力学性能降低,存在断、脱的安全风险;而钢材质零部件及钢材质紧固件的用量很庞大,定期更换难以实现,因此提高接触网用钢材质零部件及钢材质紧固件的防腐性能具有重要意义。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明提供了一种接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件防腐合金镀层制备工艺。本发明要解决的技术问题通过以下技术方案实现:
一种接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件的防腐合金镀层制备工艺,所述防腐合金镀层为Galfan合金+ZAM合金,包括:
步骤1:将钢材质零部件或紧固件进行预处理,同时将所述Galfan合金置于容器中加热至400~430℃使其熔化成Galfan合金溶液并保温在400~430℃,将所述ZAM合金置于容器中加热至440~460℃使其熔化成ZAM合金溶液并保温在440~460℃;
步骤2:然后在氮气气氛下,将钢材质零部件或紧固件先放入400~430℃的Galfan合金溶液中浸镀3~5min,然后立即取出并放入440~460℃的ZAM合金溶液中浸镀3~5min,使钢材质零部件或紧固件表面镀有防腐合金层;
步骤3:对镀有防腐合金层的钢材质零部件或紧固件依次进行离心和钝化处理,得到表面具有Galfan+ZAM防腐合金镀层的钢材质零部件或紧固件。
进一步地,所述步骤1中的预处理过程包括:将钢材质零部件表面依次进行机械处理、碱洗、酸洗;将所述钢材质紧固件表面依次进行碱洗、酸洗。
优选地,所述碱洗溶液为15%浓度的氢氧化钠溶液,碱洗时间为10-20min;所述酸洗溶液为31~32%浓度的盐酸溶液,酸洗时间为5-8min。
进一步地,所述离心处理的时间为3~5min;所述钝化处理的钝化液为无铬钝化剂,钝化时间为8~13s。
进一步地,所述钢材质零部件表面的Galfan+ZAM防腐合金镀层的总厚度为70~100μm。
进一步地,所述钢材质紧固件表面的Galfan+ZAM防腐合金镀层的总厚度为20~60μm。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明采用特定的工艺将Galfan合金和ZAM合金复合在一起,对接触网用钢材质零部件及钢材质紧固件进行防腐处理,使得接触网用零部件及紧固件在沿海、重污染区段能耐受各类腐蚀介质侵蚀,满足相应的耐腐蚀要求,利用该工艺得到的镀层质量优良,且厚度可控;
2、该防腐合金镀层能够将腐蚀介质与钢材质零部件及紧固件基体隔离,防止腐蚀介质对零部件和紧固件产生腐蚀,即使镀层出现漏洞,Galfan+ZAM防腐合金镀层依旧能作为阳极,对零部件和紧固件形成电化学防护,避免零部件和紧固件锈蚀;
3、经过试验验证,该Galfan+ZAM防腐合金镀层在不降低接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件力学性能的基础上,满足1000小时以上中性盐雾试验,钢材质零部件及紧固件锈蚀面积不大于其表面积的5%。
以下将结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明的防腐合金镀层的微观组织和形貌图;
图2~3为实施例1中的钢材质槽道的中性盐雾试验结果照片;
图4~5为实施例2中的钢材质紧固件的中性盐雾试验结果照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
本发明实施例提供了一种接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件的防腐合金镀层制备工艺,本实施例中零部件为钢材质槽道;该防腐合金镀层为Galfan合金+ZAM合金,该镀层制备工艺具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将钢材质槽道经表面机械处理→碱洗→水洗→酸洗→水洗,同时将所述Galfan合金置于坩埚中加热至400℃使其熔化成Galfan合金溶液并保温在400℃,将ZAM合金置于坩埚中加热至440℃使其熔化成ZAM合金溶液后并保温在440℃。
其中,机械处理为抛丸,去除钢材质槽道表面的锈斑及附着杂质;碱洗溶液为浓度为15%的氢氧化钠溶液,碱洗时间为10min;酸洗液为浓度为31~32%的盐酸溶液,酸洗时间为5min。
步骤2:然后在氮气气氛下,将钢材质槽道先放入温度为400℃的Galfan合金溶液中浸镀4min,然后取出并立即放入温度为440℃的ZAM合金溶液中浸镀4min,使得钢材质槽道表面镀有防腐合金层。
向Galfan合金溶液和ZAM合金溶液的加热炉内充入氮气,使得整个浸镀过程在氮气氛围下进行,无需使用不稳定的助镀剂,可获得最终镀层厚度可控,且表面优良,耐腐蚀效果好的合金镀层。
步骤3:对镀有防腐合金层的钢材质槽道依次进行离心处理和钝化处理,最终得到表面具有Galfan+ZAM防腐合金镀层且防腐合金镀层为80μm的钢材质槽道。
其中,离心处理的时间为4min,通过离心处理,使得防腐合金层厚度变的更薄、更均匀;钝化处理时的钝化液为无铬钝化剂,钝化时间为10s。通过无铬钝化剂防止镀层中的锌与氧气发生反应从而产生白锈,从而增强了该镀层的耐腐蚀性。
本发明使用的防腐合金镀层中,Galfan是一种锌铝合金镀层,它是由5%铝、锌合金及少量的混合稀土元素(镧和铈)组成。所述锌铝合金镀层中,铝是提高抗腐蚀能力的决定因素,当镀层中铝含量为5%时金相为共晶组织,具有极佳的抗腐蚀性能和其它综合性能,其耐蚀性能一般可达到纯锌的3倍,是一种替代传统的纯锌镀层的新型镀层。
ZAM为锌铝镁合金,它是由锌合金、6%铝及3%镁元素组成。镁元素的加入可形成MgZn2相,该组织均匀,在电化学过程中的腐蚀产物致密,可形第二层保护膜,且镀层的电极电位高,可形成阳极保护功能。
使用本发明的工艺获得的镀层截面组织中,靠近基体的为Fe2Al5相,外层为初生Zn相、富Al相以及三元共晶相等ZAM镀层结构,中间层为Galfan镀层和ZAM镀层组成的混合层,图1为防腐合金镀层的表面微观结构示意图,并结合物相分析结果,可以看出,该镀层外层主要由为Zn相、Al相以及Zn/Al/MgZn2三元共晶相组成。
此外,该钢材质槽道的中性盐雾试验结果如图2和图3所示,由图可知,经过2400h的中性盐雾试验,钢材质槽道试样表面未出现基体红锈,保护等级Rp为10级。
实施例2
本发明实施例提供了一种接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件防腐合金镀层制备工艺,本实施例中零部件为钢材质紧固件;该防腐合金镀层为Galfan合金+ZAM合金,该镀层制备工艺具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将钢材质紧固件经表面碱洗→水洗→酸洗→水洗,同时将所述Galfan合金置于坩埚中加热至430℃使其熔化成Galfan合金溶液并保温在430℃,将ZAM合金置于坩埚中加热至460℃使其熔化成ZAM合金溶液后并保温在460℃。
其中,碱洗液为浓度为15%的氢氧化钠溶液,碱洗时间为15min;酸洗液为浓度为31~32%的盐酸溶液,酸洗时间为6min。
步骤2:然后在氮气气氛下,将钢材质紧固件先放入温度为430℃的Galfan合金溶液中浸镀3min,然后取出并立即放入温度为460℃的ZAM合金溶液中浸镀3min,使得钢材质紧固件表面镀有防腐合金层。
向Galfan合金溶液和ZAM合金溶液的加热炉内充入氮气,使得整个浸镀过程在氮气氛围下进行,无需使用不稳定的助镀剂,可获得最终镀层厚度可控,且表面优良,耐腐蚀效果好的合金镀层。
步骤3:对镀有防腐合金层的钢材质紧固件依次进行离心处理和钝化处理,最终得到表面具有Galfan+ZAM防腐合金镀层且防腐合金镀层为50μm的钢材质紧固件。
其中,离心时间为5min,通过离心处理,使得防腐合金层厚度变的更薄、更均匀;钝化处理时的钝化液为无铬钝化剂,钝化时间为13s。通过无铬钝化剂防止镀层中的锌与氧气发生反应从而产生白锈,从而增强了该镀层的耐腐蚀性。
考虑到钢材质紧固件有螺纹旋合要求,因此,通过控制各个参数,从而使得钢材质紧固件表面的防腐合金镀层厚度在合理范围内。
该钢材质紧固件的中性盐雾试验结果如图4和图5所示(图中试样为两件,且图中白色垫片为紧固力矩的工装,未镀防腐合金镀层,锈蚀情况不考虑),由图可知,经过1220h的中性盐雾试验,两件试样表面均未出现基体红锈,保护等级Rp为10级。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件防腐合金镀层制备工艺,所述防腐合金镀层为Galfan合金+ZAM合金,其特征在于,包括:
步骤1:将钢材质零部件或紧固件进行预处理,同时将所述Galfan合金置于容器中加热至400~430℃使其熔化成Galfan合金溶液并保温在400~430℃,将所述ZAM合金置于容器中加热至440~460℃使其熔化成ZAM合金溶液并保温在440~460℃;
步骤2:然后在氮气气氛下,将钢材质零部件或紧固件先放入400~430℃的Galfan合金溶液中浸镀3~5min,然后立即取出并放入440~460℃的ZAM合金溶液中浸镀3~5min,使钢材质零部件或紧固件表面镀有防腐合金层;
步骤3:对镀有防腐合金层的钢材质零部件或紧固件依次进行离心和钝化处理,得到表面具有Galfan+ZAM防腐合金镀层的钢材质零部件或紧固件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件防腐合金镀层制备工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤1中的预处理包括:将钢材质零部件表面依次进行机械处理、碱洗、酸洗;将所述钢材质紧固件表面依次进行碱洗、酸洗。
3.根据权利要求2所述的接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件防腐合金镀层制备工艺,其特征在于,所述碱洗溶液为15%浓度的氢氧化钠溶液,碱洗时间为10-20min;所述酸洗溶液为31~32%浓度的盐酸溶液,酸洗时间为5-8min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件防腐合金镀层制备工艺,其特征在于,所述离心处理的时间为3~5min;所述钝化处理的钝化液为无铬钝化剂,钝化时间为8~13s。
5.根据权利要求1所述的接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件的防腐合金镀层制备工艺,其特征在于,所述钢材质零部件表面的Galfan+ZAM防腐合金镀层的总厚度为70~100μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的接触网用钢材质零部件及紧固件的防腐合金镀层制备工艺,其特征在于,所述钢材质紧固件表面的Galfan+ZAM防腐合金镀层的总厚度为20~60μm。
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