CN117804357A - Deep hole detection device and detection method based on laser reflection - Google Patents
Deep hole detection device and detection method based on laser reflection Download PDFInfo
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- CN117804357A CN117804357A CN202410232228.7A CN202410232228A CN117804357A CN 117804357 A CN117804357 A CN 117804357A CN 202410232228 A CN202410232228 A CN 202410232228A CN 117804357 A CN117804357 A CN 117804357A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B11/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/2408—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures for measuring roundness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
- G01B11/303—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces using photoelectric detection means
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of deep hole detection, and particularly relates to a deep hole detection device and method based on laser reflection. Comprising the following steps: the device comprises a centering device, a conical surface inner reflector, a connecting rod, an annular laser emitter, a screen and an imaging device; the conical surface internal reflector and one end of the connecting rod are fixed on the central shaft of the centering device, the annular laser transmitter is fixedly arranged on the periphery of the connecting rod, the circle center of the annular laser transmitter is positioned on the axis of the centering device and is used for transmitting annular light beams to the inner wall of a deep hole of a workpiece to be detected, the annular light beams are reflected by the inner wall of the deep hole of the workpiece to be detected and then are incident to the conical surface internal reflector, parallel annular light beams are formed after being reflected by the conical surface internal reflector and are incident to the screen, and the imaging device is arranged on the other side of the screen and is used for collecting spot images on the screen; the centering device is used for automatically centering the conical surface inner reflector, the connecting rod and the annular laser emitter in the deep hole of the workpiece to be detected. The invention has simple structure and small volume, and can realize the deep hole detection with smaller diameter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of deep hole detection, and particularly relates to a deep hole detection device and method based on laser reflection.
Background
In the mechanical manufacturing, conventional measuring tools such as vernier calipers, gauges, plug gauges, micrometer and the like are often used for hole detection. In detection, a method for taking the average value of multiple measurement of any diameter on the end face of a hole to be detected is often adopted for aperture measurement. And a method of three-point rounding is adopted for detecting the roundness of a certain section of the hole. The straightness measurement of the hole axis is often performed by using a plug gauge for a pass-through experiment or a laser centering instrument for detecting the end face of the hole. The existing optical measuring tool equipment is complex in structure and large in size, cannot be used for carrying out fixed-point measurement in a deep hole when the aperture is small, can only be used for measuring single indexes, is difficult to measure in a small-diameter deep hole, and is mainly used for contact measurement, and when the aperture is small to a certain extent, the detection difficulty is greatly increased, so that the roundness, cylindricity and diameter inside the deep hole are difficult to detect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects existing in the prior art, and solves the technical problems that: the deep hole detection device and the detection method are simple in structure and convenient to operate, and accurate detection of relevant parameters of the linear deep hole is achieved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a deep hole detection device based on laser reflection, comprising: the device comprises a centering device, a conical surface inner reflector, a connecting rod, an annular laser emitter, a screen and an imaging device; one end of the conical surface inner reflector and one end of the connecting rod are fixed on the central shaft of the centering device, and the central shaft of the conical surface inner reflector coincides with the central shaft of the centering device; the annular laser transmitter is fixedly arranged on the periphery of the connecting rod, and the circle center of the annular laser transmitter is positioned on the axis of the centering device and is used for transmitting an annular light beam to the inner wall of the deep hole of the workpiece to be detected; the annular light beams are reflected by the inner wall of the deep hole of the workpiece to be detected, then are incident to the conical surface internal reflector, and are reflected by the conical surface internal reflector to form parallel annular light beams and are incident to the screen; the imaging device is arranged on the other side of the screen and is used for acquiring a facula image on the screen; the centering device is used for enabling the conical surface inner reflector, the connecting rod and the annular laser emitter to be automatically centered in the deep hole of the workpiece to be detected.
A deep hole detection device based on laser reflection, still include the support base, the support base is used for setting up the work piece that awaits measuring, support base one end is provided with the bracing piece, be provided with the push rod on the bracing piece, the push rod is used for promoting in centralizer, conical surface internal reflection mirror and the connecting rod get into the deep hole of work piece that awaits measuring.
The screen and the imaging device are fixedly arranged on the supporting base.
The connecting rod is the telescopic link, is provided with the scale on the telescopic link, and different scales correspond different measuring aperture.
The incidence angle alpha of the annular laser emitted by the annular laser emitter on the inner wall of the deep hole of the workpiece to be detected and the included angle 2 beta of the conical surface internal reflector meet the following relation:
2β-α=90°。
the included angle 2 beta of the conical surface internal reflector meets the condition: 2 beta > 120 deg..
The computing unit is used for computing the facula image acquired by the imaging device (6) to obtain the deep hole aperture, and the computing formula is as follows:
；
wherein,represents the aperture size of the workpiece to be measured, +.>The method comprises the steps that the included angle of the conical surface inner reflector is half, and S represents the spot diameter of a workpiece to be measured at each circumferential position; s is S 0 Indicating the corresponding spot diameter of the standard workpiece, +.>Represents the pore size of the standard workpiece.
In addition, the invention also provides a deep hole detection method based on laser reflection, which is realized based on the deep hole detection device based on laser reflection and comprises the following steps:
step one: finding a standard workpiece according to the nominal aperture of the workpiece to be detected, placing the deep hole detection device into the standard workpiece for measurement, acquiring light spot images for multiple times, and calculating the average value S of the light spot diameter sizes in each light spot image 1 ；
Step two: placing the deep hole detection device into a workpiece to be detected, measuring and obtaining a facula image;
step three: according to the light spot image, calculating the aperture sizes of the workpiece to be measured at a plurality of circumferential positions under the corresponding depth, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
；
wherein,represents the pore size of the workpiece to be measured at the respective circumferential position +.>The method comprises the steps that the included angle of the conical surface inner reflector is half, and S represents the spot diameter of a workpiece to be measured at each circumferential position; />Representing the pore size of a standard workpiece;
step four: and (3) changing the measurement depth of the deep hole detection device in the workpiece to be detected, and repeating the second step and the third step to obtain spot images and corresponding aperture sizes of the workpiece to be detected under different measurement depths.
The aperture of the standard workpiece is equal to the nominal aperture of the workpiece to be measured.
The deep hole detection method based on laser reflection further comprises the steps of calculating roundness at each measuring depth and calculating cylindricity of the workpiece to be detected;
the roundness calculation step comprises the following steps: calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the corresponding radius at each circumferential position according to the aperture size of the workpiece to be measured at each circumferential position, which is measured at the corresponding depth, and obtaining a radius tolerance as the roundness at the corresponding measured depth;
the step of calculating cylindricity is as follows: and extracting the pore sizes at corresponding circumferential positions at a plurality of measuring depths, and calculating corresponding radius tolerance as cylindricity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a deep hole detection device and a detection method based on laser reflection, which utilize a conical surface internal reflector and an annular laser emitter to be matched with each other so as to project the appearance inside a deep hole to the outside of the deep hole, and the definition of the boundary of a facula image can reflect the roughness of the inner wall of the deep hole; the device has a simple structure, the detection device is small in size, the detection of the deep hole with a small diameter can be realized, the data acquisition and processing processes are simple and convenient, moreover, the specific aperture change of the deep hole can be obtained through calculation through the size of the annular light spot in an imaging image, the aperture change is amplified into the light spot size change, and the measurement precision is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a deep hole detection device based on laser reflection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 is a centering device, 2 is a conical surface internal reflector, 3 is a connecting rod, 4 is an annular laser transmitter, 5 is a screen, 6 is an imaging device, 7 is a workpiece to be detected, 8 is a supporting base, 9 is a supporting rod, and 10 is a push rod.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a deep hole detection device based on laser reflection, including: the device comprises a centering device 1, a conical surface inner reflector 2, a connecting rod 3, an annular laser transmitter 4, a screen 5 and an imaging device 6; the conical surface internal reflection mirror 2 and one end of the connecting rod 3 are fixed on the central shaft of the centering device 1, the central shaft of the conical surface internal reflection mirror 2 coincides with the central shaft of the centering device 1, the annular laser transmitter 4 is fixedly arranged on the periphery of the connecting rod 3, the circle center of the annular laser transmitter is positioned on the axis of the centering device 1 and used for transmitting annular light beams to the inner wall of a deep hole of a workpiece 7 to be detected, the annular light beams are incident to the conical surface internal reflection mirror 2 after being reflected by the inner wall of the deep hole of the workpiece 7 to be detected, parallel annular light beams are formed after being reflected by the conical surface internal reflection mirror 2 and are incident to the screen 5 to form annular light spots, and the imaging device 6 is arranged on the other side of the screen 5 and used for collecting light spot images on the screen 5.
In this embodiment, the centralizer 1 is used to automatically center the conical surface inner reflector 2, the connecting rod 3, and the ring laser transmitter 4 in the deep hole of the workpiece 7 to be measured. The centralizer 1 may be of a centralizer structure known in the art.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the deep hole detection device based on laser reflection in this embodiment further includes a support base 8, the support base 8 is used for setting a workpiece 7 to be detected, one end of the support base 8 is provided with a support rod 9, the support rod 9 is provided with a push rod 10, and the push rod 10 is used for pushing the centralizer 1, the conical surface inner reflector 2 and the connecting rod 3 into the deep hole of the workpiece 7 to be detected.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the screen 5 and the imaging device 6 are fixedly provided on the support base 8. In this embodiment, since the reflected light beam passing through the conical surface internal reflector 2 is an annular light beam parallel to the axis of the deep hole, the imaging distance does not affect the spot image, and therefore, the screen 5 and the imaging device 6 can be fixedly arranged on the support base 8 without calibrating the imaging image based on the imaging distance.
Further, in this embodiment, the connecting rod 3 is a telescopic rod, and scales are arranged on the telescopic rod, and different scales correspond to different measuring apertures. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the distance between the ring laser emitter 4 and the conical surface internal reflector 2 can be adjusted by a telescopic rod, so as to adjust the size of the imaging light spot. When the length of the telescopic rod is reduced, the distance between the annular laser emitter 4 and the conical surface internal reflector 2 is reduced, and then the size of the annular light spot in the imaging image is reduced.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, assuming that the incident angle of the ring laser emitted by the ring laser emitter 4 on the inner wall of the deep hole of the workpiece 7 to be measured is α, the included angle of the conical surface internal reflector 2 is 2β, and the central axis is on a straight line with the deep hole axis, the included angles of the mirror surfaces on both sides and the deep hole axis are β, and in order to make the light reflected by the conical surface internal reflector 2 propagate along the direction parallel to the deep hole axis, the following relationship should be satisfied:
α+（180-2β）=90°；（1）
the simplification can be obtained:
2β-α=90°；（2）
the measuring principle of the present invention is described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 2, it is assumed that delta is the difference between the radius of the deep hole of the workpiece 7 to be measured and the radius of the standard workpiece,xthe radius difference of the annular light spot generated for the workpiece 7 to be measured and the standard workpiece. The incident laser from the point O where the ring laser transmitter 4 is located is respectively at the incident points O 'and O″ of the standard workpiece and the workpiece 7 to be measured, the incident points on the conical surface internal reflector 2 are respectively at the point B and the point A, and the intersection point of the reflected light passing through B and the light O' A is C. The point O 'is taken as a normal line and intersects with the surface of the workpiece 7 to be measured at a point M, the point B is taken as a parallel line of the incident ray OO', and the point O 'is intersected with the ray O' A at a point D; a perpendicular to the reflected light passing through point a is drawn along point C, and intersects with it at point a ', and CA' =followsx，O '' M=δ。
Angle a ' cd= angle O ' m=α, and O ' =bd, then there are:
；（3）
therefore, there are:
；（4）
in Δbad, angle bad=βThe following steps are:
；（5）
namely:
；（6）
in Δbcd, there are:
；（7）
namely:
；（8）
according to the angular relationship, there are:
∠ABD=β-（90°-α）=β＋α-90°=3β-180°；（9）
∠DBC=90°-α=180°-2β；（10）
∠BCD=180°-2β；（11）
substituting the formulas (6), (8), (9) to (11) into the formula (4) and having:
；（12）
thus, by measuring the difference in radius of the annular spotxThe radius deviation δ of the workpiece 7 to be measured with respect to the standard workpiece can be calculated according to the formula (12). Furthermore, as can be seen from the formula (12), when β is larger than 60 °, x > δ, that is, the annular spot of the present embodiment can function to amplify the aperture deviation. When β=75°, the magnification is 1.732.
Specifically, the included angle 2β of the conical surface internal reflector 2 satisfies the condition: 2 beta > 120 deg..
Further, the embodiment further includes a calculating unit, where the calculating unit is configured to calculate the spot image acquired by the imaging device 6, so as to obtain a deep hole diameter.
Due toxEqual to the average value S of the spot radius S/2 in the spot image corresponding to the standard workpiece and the spot radius S in the spot image corresponding to the standard workpiece at the corresponding circumferential position in the spot image of the workpiece 7 to be measured 0 The difference of/2, i.ex=（S-S 0 ) According to equation (12), the deep hole diameter calculation formula of the workpiece 7 to be measured is:
； （13）
wherein,represents the pore size, +.>Representing half of the angle of the conical surface inner reflector 2, ->Represents the pore size of the standard workpiece. In the above analysis of only one section passing through the central axis, if the section shown in fig. 2 is rotated axially around the central axis, the corresponding deep hole diameters at different circumferential positions of the light spot can be obtained. Further, it should be noted that in the present embodiment, the larger the spot diameter is, the smaller the corresponding workpiece aperture is.
Example two
The second embodiment of the invention provides a deep hole detection method based on laser reflection, which is realized based on the deep hole detection device of the first embodiment, and comprises the following steps:
step one: finding a standard workpiece according to the nominal aperture of the workpiece 7 to be detected, placing the deep hole detection device into the standard workpiece for measurement, acquiring light spot images for multiple times, and calculating the average value S of the light spot diameter sizes in each light spot image 1 。
Step two: and placing the deep hole detection device into a workpiece 7 to be detected, measuring and acquiring a light spot image.
Step three: according to the light spot image, calculating the aperture sizes of the workpiece 7 to be measured at a plurality of circumferential positions under the corresponding depth, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
；（14）
step four: and (3) changing the measurement depth of the deep hole detection device in the workpiece 7 to be detected, and repeating the second step and the third step to obtain spot images of the workpiece 7 to be detected at different measurement depths and aperture sizes at a plurality of corresponding circumference positions.
In addition, in this embodiment, parameters such as roundness and cylindricity inside the deep hole can be obtained through the spot images at each depth, and the definition of the spot image boundary can reflect the roughness of the inner wall of the deep hole. For example, after obtaining the corresponding aperture of the workpiece to be measured under each angle, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the radius is calculated by measuring the corresponding radius of the single light spot image at different angles, and the radius tolerance value is obtained as the roundness of the workpiece to be measured 7 on the section. And then the cylindricity of the workpiece 7 to be measured can be obtained by extracting the radii of the sections.
Further, the deep hole detection method based on laser reflection according to the embodiment further includes a step of calculating roundness at each measurement depth and a step of calculating cylindricity of the workpiece 7 to be detected.
Specifically, the step of calculating the roundness is: according to the aperture size of the workpiece 7 to be measured at each circumferential position, which is measured at the corresponding depth, calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the corresponding radius at each circumferential position, and obtaining the radius tolerance as the roundness at the corresponding measured depth;
specifically, the step of calculating cylindricity is: and extracting the pore sizes at corresponding circumferential positions at a plurality of measuring depths, and calculating corresponding radius tolerance as cylindricity.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. Deep hole detection device based on laser reflection, characterized by comprising: the device comprises a centering device (1), a conical surface inner reflector (2), a connecting rod (3), an annular laser emitter (4), a screen (5) and an imaging device (6); one end of the conical surface inner reflector (2) and one end of the connecting rod (3) are fixed on the central shaft of the centering device (1), and the central shaft of the conical surface inner reflector (2) coincides with the central shaft of the centering device (1); the annular laser transmitter (4) is fixedly arranged on the periphery of the connecting rod (3), the circle center of the annular laser transmitter is positioned on the axis of the centering device (1) and is used for transmitting an annular light beam to the inner wall of the deep hole of the workpiece (7) to be detected, the annular light beam is reflected by the inner wall of the deep hole of the workpiece (7) to be detected, then is incident to the conical surface inner reflector (2), is reflected by the conical surface inner reflector (2) to form a parallel annular light beam and is incident to the screen (5); the imaging device (6) is arranged on the other side of the screen (5) and is used for collecting light spot images on the screen (5); the centering device (1) is used for enabling the conical surface inner reflector (2), the connecting rod (3) and the annular laser emitter (4) to be automatically centered in a deep hole of a workpiece (7) to be detected.
2. The deep hole detection device based on laser reflection according to claim 1, further comprising a support base (8), wherein the support base (8) is used for setting a workpiece (7) to be detected, a support rod (9) is arranged at one end of the support base (8), a push rod (10) is arranged on the support rod (9), and the push rod (10) is used for pushing the centering device (1), the conical surface inner reflector (2) and the connecting rod (3) into a deep hole of the workpiece (7) to be detected.
3. Deep hole detection device based on laser reflection according to claim 2, characterized in that the screen (5) and the imaging means (6) are fixedly arranged on the support base (8).
4. The deep hole detection device based on laser reflection according to claim 1, wherein the connecting rod (3) is a telescopic rod, scales are arranged on the telescopic rod, and different scales correspond to different measuring apertures.
5. The deep hole detection device based on laser reflection according to claim 1, wherein the angle of incidence α of the ring laser emitted by the ring laser emitter (4) on the deep hole inner wall of the workpiece (7) to be detected and the angle of inclusion 2β of the conical surface internal reflector (2) satisfy the following relationship:
2β-α=90°。
6. the deep hole detection device based on laser reflection according to claim 1, wherein the included angle 2β of the conical surface internal reflector (2) satisfies the condition: 2 beta > 120 deg..
7. The deep hole detection device based on laser reflection according to claim 1, further comprising a calculation unit, wherein the calculation unit is configured to calculate a spot image acquired by the imaging device (6) to obtain a deep hole aperture, and a calculation formula is as follows:
；
wherein,represents the pore size, < > of the workpiece (7) to be measured>Representing half of the included angle of the conical surface internal reflector (2), and S represents the spot diameter of the workpiece (7) to be measured at each circumferential position; s is S 0 Indicating the corresponding spot diameter of the standard workpiece, +.>Represents the pore size of the standard workpiece.
8. The deep hole detection method based on laser reflection is realized based on the deep hole detection device based on laser reflection as claimed in claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one: according to the nominal aperture of the workpiece (7) to be measured, finding a standard workpiece, placing the deep hole detection device into the standard workpiece for measurement, acquiring spot images for multiple times, and calculating the average value S of the spot diameter sizes in each spot image 1 ；
Step two: the deep hole detection device is placed into a workpiece (7) to be detected, measurement is carried out, and a light spot image is obtained;
step three: according to the light spot image, calculating the aperture sizes of the workpiece (7) to be measured at a plurality of circumferential positions under the corresponding depth, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
；
wherein,represents the pore size of the workpiece (7) to be measured at the respective circumferential position, < >>Representing half of the included angle of the conical surface internal reflector (2), and S represents the spot diameter of the workpiece (7) to be measured at each circumferential position; />Representing standard workPore size;
step four: and (3) changing the measurement depth of the deep hole detection device in the workpiece (7) to be detected, and repeating the second step and the third step to obtain spot images and corresponding aperture sizes of the workpiece (7) to be detected under different measurement depths.
9. A deep hole inspection method based on laser reflection according to claim 8, characterized in that the aperture of the standard workpiece is equal to the nominal aperture of the workpiece (7) to be inspected.
10. The deep hole inspection method based on laser reflection according to claim 8, further comprising the steps of calculating roundness at each measurement depth and calculating cylindricity of the workpiece (7) to be inspected;
the roundness calculation step comprises the following steps: calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the corresponding radius at each circumferential position according to the aperture size of the workpiece (7) to be measured at each circumferential position measured at the corresponding depth, and obtaining a radius tolerance as the roundness at the corresponding measured depth;
the step of calculating cylindricity is as follows: and extracting the pore sizes at corresponding circumferential positions at a plurality of measuring depths, and calculating corresponding radius tolerance as cylindricity.
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