CN117753985A - Method for treating 40Cr alloy steel by electron beam - Google Patents
Method for treating 40Cr alloy steel by electron beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN117753985A CN117753985A CN202211136888.2A CN202211136888A CN117753985A CN 117753985 A CN117753985 A CN 117753985A CN 202211136888 A CN202211136888 A CN 202211136888A CN 117753985 A CN117753985 A CN 117753985A
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- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating 40Cr alloy steel by electron beams, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1: and (3) preprocessing, namely cutting and milling the test block workpiece, processing the test block workpiece into a fixed size and a fixed shape, and cleaning the processed workpiece by using an ultrasonic cleaner. Step 2: preparing a sample, preparing Ni/VC mixed powder, and tightly pressing the powder and a matrix by adopting a special die. Step 3: and E, electron beam treatment, wherein the electron beam is adopted to carry out continuous scanning treatment on the sample pressing area. Step 4: and (3) testing the structure and performance, observing the microstructure by adopting a scanning electron microscope, measuring the hardness by utilizing a microhardness meter and detecting the wear resistance by utilizing a friction and wear testing machine, and observing the shape of the grinding mark by adopting a laser confocal microscope. Namely, the method disclosed by the invention can obviously improve the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the 40Cr alloy steel, and has excellent application scenes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-energy beam surface modification of alloy steel, and particularly relates to a method for treating 40Cr alloy steel by an electron beam.
Background
With the development of manufacturing industry, the current demand for steel still keeps in an ascending stage, how to enable mechanical structures and parts to meet severe working conditions, prolong the service life of the mechanical structures and parts, and is an important subject for improving national economy; the 40Cr steel is the alloy quenched and tempered steel which is the most widely used in China at present, has good hardenability and machinability, and is used for manufacturing mechanical parts which bear medium load and work at medium speed after being quenched and tempered, such as steering knuckles, rear half shafts of automobiles, gears, shafts, worms, spline shafts, tip sleeves and the like on a machine tool; the surfaces of such components are subject to severe wear and fatigue due to the influence of the operating conditions; to solve this problem, the workpiece is generally subjected to surface strengthening treatment to improve the fatigue resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface; the traditional metal surface strengthening treatment comprises surface quenching, electroplating, carburizing, nitriding and the like, but the strengthening method is limited in practical application due to various reasons such as time and labor consumption, high cost, serious pollution and the like; therefore, it is a necessary trend to explore more efficient, lower cost, more environmentally friendly treatment processes;
the electron beam surface modification treatment is a process method that the electron beam acts on the surface of the material to enable the shallow surface layer of the material to be subjected to strong melting, and the shallow surface layer instantaneously transmits heat to the substrate because the substrate is still in a cold state, and the composition and the tissue structure change after rapid cooling, so that the required performance is achieved. Compared with other material surface modification techniques, the electron beam surface modification treatment has the following advantages:
(1) The power density is high, the control is flexible, the repeatability is good, and the surface temperature and the penetration depth can be accurately controlled;
(2) The metal is protected well under the vacuum condition, and higher binding force and performance can be obtained, so that the quality is ensured;
therefore, the patent proposes to adopt a defocused electron beam surface alloying method to carry out surface modification on 40Cr, the electron beam surface alloying is to coat alloy powder on the metal surface, then the action time of the electron beam and the surface is controlled, the surface coating layer is melted, the surface thin layer of the matrix material is also micro-melted, a new alloy is obtained by smelting a surface local area, the surface hardness of the 40Cr alloy steel can be improved, the wear resistance of the 40Cr alloy steel can be improved, and the mechanism research and experimental conclusion are applied to the surface modification of other metal materials, so that the surface processing field of high-energy beam materials is expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that:
according to the invention, the 40Cr alloy steel is processed into a fixed size and shape, a special die is adopted to carry out Ni/VC mixed powder pressing to obtain a sample, and defocused electron beam alloying treatment is carried out to obtain a sample finished product.
In order to solve the problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method of electron beam treatment of 40Cr alloy steel comprising the steps of:
1. a method of electron beam treatment of 40Cr alloy steel comprising the steps of:
step 1: and (3) preprocessing, namely milling the cut test block workpiece, and then cleaning the milled workpiece by using acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol solvent to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface.
Step 2 is carried out after the step 1 is finished;
step 2: preparing a sample, preparing Ni/VC mixed powder with different mass ratios, and pressing the powder on a substrate by adopting a special die.
Step 3 is carried out after the step 2 is finished;
step 3: e-beam processing, namely placing the sample in the step 2 into a thermal processing chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing an electron gun chamber and a welding processing chamber by using a diffusion pump in series with a Roots pump to ensure that the vacuum degree of the electron gun chamber is 1.33 XQUOTE Pa, process chamber vacuum of 5 XQUOTE Pa. Setting process parameters of an electron beam welding process, wherein the accelerating voltage of electron beam current is 60KV, the focusing current of electron beam is 330mA, the processing beam current of electron beam is 16mA,18mA and 20mA, the moving speed of an electron gun is 1mm/s, the beam spot radius of the electron beam is 3mm, the powder ratio is Ni: VC=20:80, 30:70 and 40:60, cutting the processed sample into small blocks by adopting wire cutting, and then cleaning the sample by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine to obtain a finished product.
Step 3, after finishing the step 4;
step 4: tissue and performance tests, namely observing the microstructure of a sample by using a Quanta FEG450 field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and measuring the section microhardness of the sample by using an HDX-1000TM microhardness meter under the conditions of 100g load, 0.981N test force and 5s load time; adopting a CFT-I type material surface performance comprehensive tester to carry out a friction and wear test on the surface of the sample polished by sand paper, selecting 30N loading load, 3mm reciprocating length, rotating speed 300r/min and 30min duration, and analyzing a friction and wear curve; the worn surface morphology was analyzed using an OLS4100 type laser confocal microscope.
2. A method of electron beam treatment of 40Cr alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: cutting the 40Cr alloy steel workpiece into test blocks with the dimensions of 50mm multiplied by 50mm before the step 1, milling a groove with the specific dimensions on the surface of the test block by adopting a numerical control milling machine, and obtaining the milled test block while keeping the feed amount and milling speed of each workpiece consistent in the milling process.
3. A method of electron beam treatment of 40Cr alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, ni/VC mixed powder is required to be proportioned, and a special die is adopted to press the powder on a matrix to obtain a sample to be treated.
4. A method of electron beam treatment of 40Cr alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3, carrying out alloying treatment on the sample by adopting defocused electron beams.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts defocusing electron beam to carry out alloying treatment on the surface of the 40Cr alloy steel, can effectively improve the abrasion resistance of the surface of the sample while improving the surface hardness, and adopts a defocusing electron beam treatment mode, so that the energy density is high, the 40Cr alloy steel is rapidly heated to reach the melting point of the material, and then the temperature is rapidly reduced. The rapid heating and quenching processes enable the structure of the alloy region and the heat affected zone of the sample to be transformed, crystal grains are refined, and meanwhile, alloy powder and a matrix are well metallurgically bonded, so that solid solution strengthening and dispersion strengthening are generated, and the surface hardness and wear resistance of the sample are greatly improved.
2. The invention relates to a defocusing electron beam treatment process of 40Cr alloy steel, which is carried out in a vacuum processing chamber, so that the environment in the processing process is ensured to be pollution-free, and the 40Cr alloy steel is prevented from contacting the outside; meanwhile, the energy transfer medium is electrons, and has the characteristics of high energy conversion, good action effect and the like.
3. The microhardness of the 40Cr alloy steel matrix prepared by the invention is 240HV 0.1 The highest microhardness of the alloy area is 1030HV 0.1 The hardness of the surface of the 40Cr alloy steel test block is 4.3 times of that of the matrix, namely, the surface hardness of the 40Cr alloy steel test block is obviously improved after the electron beam treatment, the reciprocating length is 3mm under the load of 30N, the friction coefficient is reduced from 0.757 to 0.395 of the matrix after the test for 30min, and the friction coefficient is reduced by 1.9 times.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the electron beam operation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structure of a 40Cr alloy steel obtained after the practice of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the friction wear profile of a 40Cr alloy steel prior to the practice of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the frictional wear profile of the 40Cr alloy steel obtained after the practice of the present invention;
[ detailed description ] of the invention
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
A method of electron beam treatment of 40Cr alloy steel, comprising the steps of:
step 1: and (3) preprocessing, namely cutting and milling the test block workpiece, processing the test block workpiece into a fixed size and a fixed shape, and cleaning the processed workpiece by using an ultrasonic cleaner to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface.
Step 2 is carried out after the step 1 is finished;
step 2: preparing a sample, preparing three Ni/VC mixed powders with different proportions, and pressing the powder onto a substrate by adopting a special die so that the powder and the substrate are tightly combined and cannot fall off.
Step 3 is carried out after the step 2 is finished;
step 3: electron beam treatment, to be testedPlacing the sample in a thermal processing chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing to make the vacuum degree of the electron gun chamber be 1.33 XQUOTE Pa, process chamber vacuum of 5 XQUOTE Pa. Setting process parameters of an electron beam welding process, setting an electron beam acceleration voltage to be 60kV, setting a focusing current to be 330mA, setting an electron beam current to be 20mA, setting an electron gun moving speed to be 1mm/s and an electron beam spot radius to be 3mm, cutting a processed sample into small blocks, cleaning the test blocks by using an ultrasonic cleaner, and performing metallographic sample preparation to obtain a finished product.
Step 3, after finishing the step 4;
step 4: tissue and performance tests, namely observing the microstructure of a sample by using a Quanta FEG450 field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and measuring the section microhardness of the sample by using an HDX-1000TM microhardness meter under the conditions of 100g load, 0.981N test force and 5s load time; adopting a CFT-I type material surface performance comprehensive tester to carry out a friction and wear test on the surface of the sample polished by sand paper, and selecting 30N loading load, 3mm reciprocating length, rotating speed 300r/min and 30min duration; the worn surface morphology was analyzed using an OLS4100 type laser confocal microscope.
Measuring the microhardness of the workpiece by using an HDX-1000TM microhardness tester under the load of 100g and the loading time of 5s, wherein the microhardness of the top part of the alloy area is 1030HV 0.1 The microhardness of the matrix is 240HV 0.1 The overall hardness is improved by 4.3 times.
The microstructure of the sample is observed by using a Quanta FEG450 field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and a laser microscope, as shown in figure 2, the section is divided into an alloy area, a heat affected zone and a matrix, the fusion line of each area is obvious, the crystal grains of the alloy area are obviously refined, and the good metallurgical bonding between alloy powder and the matrix is shown.
The surface morphology of the 40Cr alloy steel test block which is not subjected to electron beam alloying treatment and the surface morphology of the test block which is subjected to electron beam alloying treatment are observed under a 3D measurement laser microscope, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, in fig. 3, the number of furrows on the surface of the 40Cr alloy steel which is not subjected to electron beam alloying treatment is more, the depth is large, and the phenomenon of particle exfoliation is obvious, and in fig. 4, the surface of the 40Cr alloy steel after the implementation of the invention is basically not provided with furrows and tends to be smooth, so that the surface abrasion resistance of the 40Cr alloy steel test block can be remarkably improved by the treatment method implemented by the invention.
The foregoing description is directed to specific details of possible examples of the present invention, but the embodiments are not limited to the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present invention should be construed to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method of electron beam treatment of 40Cr alloy steel comprising the steps of:
step 1: preprocessing, namely cutting and milling a test block workpiece, processing the test block workpiece into a fixed size and a fixed shape, and cleaning the processed workpiece by using an ultrasonic cleaner to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface;
step 2 is carried out after the step 1 is finished;
step 2: preparing a sample, preparing Ni/VC mixed powder, and pressing the powder onto a substrate by adopting a special die to ensure that the powder and the substrate are tightly combined and cannot fall off;
step 3 is carried out after the step 2 is finished;
step 3: electron beam processing, placing the sample in a thermal processing chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing to make the vacuum degree of the electron gun chamber be 1.33×QUOTE Pa, process chamber vacuum of 5 XQUOTE Pa; setting process parameters of an electron beam welding process, wherein the accelerating voltage of an electron beam is 60kV, the focusing current is 330mA, the beam current of the electron beam is 20mA, the moving speed of an electron gun is 1mm/s, and the radius of an electron beam spot is 3mm; cutting the treated sample into small blocks, cleaning the test blocks by using an ultrasonic cleaner, and performing metallographic sample preparation to obtain a finished product;
step 3, after finishing the step 4;
step 4: tissue and performance tests, namely observing the microstructure of a sample by using a Quanta FEG450 field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and measuring the section microhardness of the sample by using an HDX-1000TM microhardness meter under the conditions of 100g load, 0.981N test force and 5s load time; adopting a CFT-I type material surface performance comprehensive tester to carry out a friction and wear test on the surface of the sample polished by sand paper, and selecting 30N loading load, 3mm reciprocating length, rotating speed 300r/min and 30min duration; the worn surface morphology was analyzed using an OLS4100 type laser confocal microscope.
2. A method of electron beam treatment of 40Cr alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pretreatment in step 1 is to cut and mill the 40Cr alloy steel workpiece into test blocks of 50mm multiplied by 50mm, and the four sides of the test blocks are provided with powder pressing grooves with fixed sizes.
3. A method of electron beam treatment of 40Cr alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 2, pressing the Ni/VC mixed powder onto the substrate by adopting a special die.
4. A method of electron beam treatment of 40Cr alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3, carrying out alloying treatment by adopting defocused electron beams.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211136888.2A CN117753985A (en) | 2022-09-19 | 2022-09-19 | Method for treating 40Cr alloy steel by electron beam |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211136888.2A CN117753985A (en) | 2022-09-19 | 2022-09-19 | Method for treating 40Cr alloy steel by electron beam |
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| CN202211136888.2A Pending CN117753985A (en) | 2022-09-19 | 2022-09-19 | Method for treating 40Cr alloy steel by electron beam |
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