CN112548119A - Method for regulating and controlling selective laser melting forming titanium alloy process based on defect form - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling selective laser melting forming titanium alloy process based on defect form Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy materials, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling a laser selective melting forming titanium alloy process based on defect forms. Firstly, detecting a microstructure of a titanium alloy melted and formed in a selective laser area, analyzing and determining the defect type in the formed titanium alloy, and then optimizing forming process parameters according to the defect type, wherein the specific optimization is as follows: the defects are irregular shapes, which indicates that the energy density is low and can be adjusted by increasing the laser power or reducing the scanning speed; the defects are regular spheres, which indicate that the energy density is too high, and the optimization and the adjustment can be carried out by reducing the laser power or increasing the scanning speed; by adopting the method, the forming process parameters can be quickly responded and adjusted based on the requirements of the forming member such as the indicated quality, the forming efficiency and the like.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy materials, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling a laser selective melting forming titanium alloy process based on defect forms.
Background art:
compared with the traditional 'material reducing forming' cold processing technologies such as 'material forming' such as casting, forging, welding and the like and the 'material reducing forming' such as turning, milling, grinding and the like, the additive manufacturing is a brand-new 'additive forming' technology, and the technology is based on the 'dispersing + stacking' forming concept, uses high-energy particle beams (laser or electron beams) to melt metal powder, and combines a three-dimensional solid digital model to prepare high-performance and complex-structure metal parts layer by layer from bottom to top. Has wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, weaponry, automobiles, molds, biomedicine and the like. However, due to the complicated selective laser melting and forming process, related to the subjects of metallurgy, physics, chemistry, thermal coupling and the like of materials, defects (such as unfused, air holes, cracks and the like) are generated inside a formed part due to factors such as forming process parameters, external environment, molten pool fluctuation and the like, the defects seriously reduce the mechanical and service performance of the formed part and even cause the rejection of parts, and the 'mechanical performance reduction caused by the defects' is a key scientific problem faced by the technology and also one of the problems hindering the application of the technology in the aerospace field (especially a complex structure bearing loads). The generation mechanism of the defects and the controllable preparation technology of the defects become hot spots of domestic and foreign researches.
The research on the internal defect and the influence rule of the defect on the performance of the titanium alloy formed by selective laser melting is still in the starting stage, the relation between the defect type and the forming process is not established, and the evolution rule of the defect form is lacked.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for regulating and controlling a process for melting and forming a titanium alloy in a laser selection area based on defect forms, the method can perform quick response on optimization of the melting and forming process in the laser selection area according to the defect forms, avoid large-size defects generated in the alloy to further influence the performance stability of the alloy, and can remarkably improve the optimization efficiency of process parameters.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for regulating and controlling a process for melting and forming titanium alloy in a selective laser area based on defect forms is used for quickly optimizing process parameters of the melting and forming titanium alloy in the selective laser area through analysis of defect form characteristics in the formed titanium alloy.
The method for regulating and controlling the selective laser melting forming titanium alloy process based on the defect form comprises the steps of firstly detecting and analyzing the internal defects of the selective laser melting forming titanium alloy, and then quickly optimizing the forming process according to the defect characteristics.
The method for regulating and controlling the process of melting and forming the titanium alloy in the laser selection area based on the defect form specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) analyzing internal defects of the formed titanium alloy: analyzing the titanium alloy microstructure formed by selective laser melting to determine the internal defect form and size range;
(2) optimizing the process of melting and forming titanium alloy in the selected laser area: and (3) judging a forming process parameter optimization scheme according to the defect type determined in the step (1).
In the method for regulating the selective laser melting forming titanium alloy process based on the defect form, when the defect form is irregular in step (2), the laser energy density is low, and the forming process is optimized by increasing the laser power or reducing the scanning speed; when the defect form is a regular sphere, the energy density of the surface laser is higher, and the forming process is optimized by reducing the laser power or increasing the scanning speed.
According to the method for regulating the selective laser melting titanium alloy forming process based on the defect form, when the defect form is an irregular shape, the laser power is 100-130W, and the scanning speed is 100-600 mm/s; or the scanning speed is 600-1500 mm/s, and the laser power is 130-220W.
According to the method for regulating the process of melting and forming the titanium alloy in the selective laser area based on the defect form, when the defect form is a regular sphere, the laser power is 160-250W, and the scanning speed is 600-1500 mm/s; or the scanning speed is 100-600 mm/s, and the laser power is 100-160W.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
the internal defect of the titanium alloy material formed by selective laser melting is a key factor influencing the service performance of a component, wherein the selective laser melting and forming process is a leading factor generated by the defect, and in order to quickly optimize the forming process parameters through the defect characteristics, the invention establishes the mapping relation between the defect form and the forming process on the basis of systematic research on the defect characteristics and the relation between the defect characteristics and the forming process, proposes that the forming process parameters are optimized through the defect form characteristics, can realize quick response and adjustment of the process parameters, and obviously improves the efficiency.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for regulating and controlling a process for melting and forming titanium alloy in a selective laser area based on defect forms, which can be used for quickly evaluating forming process parameters according to the defect forms. If the defect form is an irregular shape, the energy density of the laser is low, and the forming process is optimized by increasing the laser power or reducing the scanning speed; if the defect form is a regular sphere, the energy density of the surface laser is higher, and the forming process is optimized by reducing the laser power or increasing the scanning speed.
Description of the drawings:
the technological parameters of FIG. 1 are the forming titanium alloy structure morphology with the power of 100W and the scanning speed of 900 mm/s.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for optimizing process parameters to form the titanium alloy structure morphology. Wherein, (a) -power 160W, scanning speed 900 mm/s; (b) power 100W, scanning speed 300 mm/s.
The technological parameters of FIG. 3 are the forming titanium alloy structure morphology with the power of 220W and the scanning speed of 600 mm/s.
FIG. 4 is a process parameter optimization for forming titanium alloy structure morphology. Wherein, (a) -power 160W, scanning speed 600 mm/s; (b) power 220W, scan speed 1200 mm/s.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in the specific implementation process, the method for regulating and controlling the process of melting and forming the titanium alloy in the laser selection area based on the defect form comprises the following steps of:
1. detection and analysis of internal defects of titanium alloy formed by selective laser melting
(1) Detecting and preliminarily positioning the internal defects of the titanium alloy sample formed by selective laser melting, and determining the positions of the defects;
(2) cutting out the part with the defects from the sample by adopting linear cutting;
(3) polishing the end face of the cut sample, removing traces such as linear cutting and the like, and reducing subsequent flaw detection errors;
(4) detecting internal defects of the polished sample by using a contact ultrasonic detection method, and determining the accurate positions of the defects;
(5) placing the positioned sample into a metallographic sample embedding machine to prepare a metallographic sample;
(6) grinding the defects to be 0.1-0.2 mm away from the end face by adopting No. 150 waterproof abrasive paper at a rotating speed of 350-550 r/min, wherein the average grinding speed is 0.05-0.09 mm/min;
(7) grinding the defects to be 0.03-0.07 mm away from the end face by adopting 800# waterproof abrasive paper at a rotating speed of 350-550 r/min, wherein the average grinding speed is 0.01-0.03 mm/min;
(8) grinding the defects to be just exposed by adopting 2000# waterproof abrasive paper at a rotating speed of 350-550 r/min, wherein the average grinding speed is 0.008-0.015 mm/min;
(9) performing metallographic and scanning electron microscope observation on the titanium alloy sample subjected to selective laser melting forming to determine morphological characteristics of the defects;
(10) and (5) repeating the step (13) and the step (14) for 3-5 times, and determining the approximate appearance, the complete size and the maximum sectional area of the defect.
2. Shape analysis of internal defect of titanium alloy formed by selective laser melting
Aiming at the defect detection result in the step 1, analyzing the internal defect form of the formed titanium alloy, wherein the specific analysis content comprises the following steps: defect shape, defect size, defect number, and defect form.
3. The technological parameters of selective laser melting and forming of titanium alloy are regulated and controlled:
on the basis of defect form analysis, forming process parameters are optimally regulated and controlled according to defect forms, and the regulation and control are as follows: (1) when the defect form is an irregular shape, the energy density of the laser is low, and the forming process is optimized by increasing the laser power or reducing the scanning speed; (2) when the defect form is a regular sphere, the energy density of the surface laser is higher, and the forming process is optimized by reducing the laser power or increasing the scanning speed.
The following examples are only a part of the examples of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In this example, the melting forming parameters in the selected laser area are as follows: the laser power is 100W, and the laser scanning speed is 900 mm/s. The process parameter regulating and controlling process comprises the following steps: as shown in FIG. 1, the titanium alloy formed by the above process parameters is subjected to microstructure analysis, the internal defect form is shown as an irregular defect in the alloy under the process, and the forming energy density is low. According to the invention, parameter regulation and control can be carried out by increasing the laser power or reducing the scanning speed.
A first regulation strategy is as follows: the laser power is increased to 160W, as shown in FIG. 2(a), the internal structure of the formed titanium alloy is shaped, and as can be seen from the figure, the number and size of the internal defects of the alloy are significantly reduced,
and (2) regulating and controlling a strategy II: the scanning speed is reduced to 300mm/s, as shown in FIG. 2(b), the internal structure of the formed titanium alloy is shaped, and as can be seen from the figure, the number and size of defects in the alloy can also be reduced by reducing the scanning speed.
Example 2
In this example, the melting forming parameters in the selected laser area are as follows: the laser power is 220W, and the laser scanning speed is 600 mm/s. The process parameter regulating and controlling process comprises the following steps: as shown in FIG. 3, the titanium alloy formed by the above process parameters is subjected to microstructure analysis, and the internal defect form shows that the defects in the alloy are regular spherical defects under the process, which indicates that the forming energy density is too high. According to the invention, parameter regulation and control can be carried out by reducing laser power or increasing scanning speed.
A first regulation strategy is as follows: reducing the laser power to 160W, as shown in FIG. 4(a), the internal structure morphology of the formed titanium alloy is significantly reduced, as can be seen from the figure, the number and size of the internal defects of the alloy are significantly reduced,
and (2) regulating and controlling a strategy II: the scanning speed is increased and reduced to 1200mm/s, as shown in FIG. 4(b), the internal structure of the formed titanium alloy is in a shape, and as can be seen from the figure, the number and the size of defects in the alloy can also be reduced by reducing the scanning speed.
The embodiment shows that the method for regulating the selective laser melting forming titanium alloy process based on the defect form provides a quick method for optimizing the selective laser melting forming titanium alloy process, can quickly optimize the forming process, and controls the number and the size of the defects in the formed titanium alloy.
The embodiment result shows that the method can carry out quick response optimization on the titanium alloy forming process based on the defect form and improve the high performance of the titanium alloy component formed by selective laser melting.
The above embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Many modifications and variations will readily occur to those skilled in the art based upon the description of the embodiments herein, and it is intended that all such additional embodiments be included within the scope of the present invention without the exercise of inventive faculty. The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A method for regulating and controlling a process for melting and forming titanium alloy in a selective laser area based on defect forms is characterized in that the process parameters of the process for melting and forming titanium alloy in the selective laser area are rapidly optimized through defect form characteristic analysis in the formed titanium alloy.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the selective laser melting forming titanium alloy process based on the defect morphology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of firstly detecting and analyzing the internal defects of the selective laser melting forming titanium alloy, and then rapidly optimizing the forming process according to the defect characteristics.
3. The method for regulating the selective laser melting forming titanium alloy process based on the defect morphology as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) analyzing internal defects of the formed titanium alloy: analyzing the titanium alloy microstructure formed by selective laser melting to determine the internal defect form and size range;
(2) optimizing the process of melting and forming titanium alloy in the selected laser area: and (3) judging a forming process parameter optimization scheme according to the defect type determined in the step (1).
4. The method for regulating and controlling the selective laser melting forming titanium alloy process based on the defect form as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (2), when the defect form is an irregular shape, the energy density of the laser is low, and the forming process is optimized by increasing the laser power or reducing the scanning speed; when the defect form is a regular sphere, the energy density of the surface laser is higher, and the forming process is optimized by reducing the laser power or increasing the scanning speed.
5. The method for regulating and controlling the selective laser melting forming titanium alloy process based on the defect form as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the defect form is an irregular shape, the laser power is 100-130W, and the scanning speed is 100-600 mm/s; or the scanning speed is 600-1500 mm/s, and the laser power is 130-220W.
6. The method for regulating and controlling the selective laser melting forming titanium alloy process based on the defect form as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the defect form is a regular sphere, the laser power is 160-250W, and the scanning speed is 600-1500 mm/s; or the scanning speed is 100-600 mm/s, and the laser power is 100-160W.
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Application publication date: 20210326 |