CN115488582A - Method for treating AZ31B magnesium alloy - Google Patents

Method for treating AZ31B magnesium alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115488582A
CN115488582A CN202110671364.2A CN202110671364A CN115488582A CN 115488582 A CN115488582 A CN 115488582A CN 202110671364 A CN202110671364 A CN 202110671364A CN 115488582 A CN115488582 A CN 115488582A
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electron beam
workpiece
magnesium alloy
treatment
az31b magnesium
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王荣
郭金科
王启超
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for processing AZ31B magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps: step 1: and (4) preprocessing, namely milling the cut test block workpiece, and then cleaning the milled workpiece by using a cleaning solvent. And 2, step: and (4) electron beam treatment, namely continuously treating the surface of the workpiece by using an electron beam. And step 3: and (3) testing the structure and the performance, namely measuring the surface friction and wear appearance through a laser microscope, observing the internal structure through an electron microscope, measuring the hardness through a microhardness meter, and testing the wear resistance through a friction and wear testing machine. Namely, the method disclosed by the invention not only can improve the surface hardness of the AZ31B magnesium alloy, but also can improve the wear resistance of the test block, and has a very good application scene.

Description

Method for processing AZ31B magnesium alloy
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnesium alloy high-energy beam surface modification, and particularly relates to a method for treating AZ31B magnesium alloy.
Background
The AZ31B magnesium alloy has the advantages of low density, high strength, good heat dissipation performance, electromagnetic shielding and the like, and is increasingly applied to the field of industrial production and processing. In particular, the high specific strength and the light weight make the magnesium alloy become ideal metal for automobile and aerospace application, but the magnesium alloy inevitably serves in severe environment in the practical application process, the surface of the magnesium alloy is subjected to frictional wear, and the fatigue and corrosion of the contact surface are important causes for the failure of the magnesium alloy. Further industrial applications of magnesium alloys are hindered by their poor corrosion resistance, low hardness and wear resistance, etc.
The electron beam surface modification technology is used as a novel high-energy beam treatment material surface technology, has the advantages of energy utilization rate of more than 90 percent, remarkable improvement effect and the like, and has wide prospect in actual production. However, the electron beam has a large and uneven energy per unit area on the surface of the material, which affects the actual improvement effect. Therefore, the method for treating the AZ31B magnesium alloy by the electron beam surface can improve the surface hardness of the AZ31B magnesium alloy, improve the wear resistance of the test block, apply the mechanism research and experimental conclusion to the surface modification of other metal materials and expand the field of surface processing of high-energy beam materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: milling and cutting an AZ31B magnesium alloy workpiece, and cleaning a milled test block by using acetone and an absolute ethyl alcohol solvent; and finally, obtaining a finished sample product through electron beam treatment. The method can improve the surface wear resistance of the test block while effectively improving the surface hardness, and has a very good practical application scene.
In order to solve the problem of complaints, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for processing AZ31B magnesium alloy.
1. A method for processing AZ31B magnesium alloy comprises a plurality of steps.
Step 1: and (2) preprocessing, namely milling the cut test block workpiece, and then cleaning the milled workpiece by using acetone and an absolute ethyl alcohol solvent to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface.
After step 1 is completed, step 2 is performed.
And 2, step: and (2) electron beam treatment, namely placing the workpiece after quenching and tempering and cleaning in a thermal processing chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing the electron gun chamber and the welding processing chamber by connecting a diffusion pump and a Roots pump in series, so that the vacuum degree of the electron gun chamber is 1.33 multiplied by 10 < -3 > Pa, and the vacuum degree of the processing chamber is 5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa. Setting technological parameters of an electron beam welding machine, wherein the acceleration voltage of an electron beam is 60KV, the focusing current of the electron beam is 390mA, the processing beam current of the electron beam is 4mA, 5mA and 6mA, the moving speed of an electron gun is 3 mm/s, 5 mm/s and 7mm/s, and the diameter of a beam spot of the electron beam is 4mm. And then, carrying out surface treatment on the workpiece subjected to the electron beam cleaning treatment to obtain a finished product.
After step 2, step 3 is performed.
And step 3: and (3) performing structure and performance test, namely observing the structure of the test block by using a GeminiSEM300 electron microscope, measuring the microhardness of the workpiece by using an HDX-1000TM microhardness tester under the load of 1.96N and the loading time of 15s, and measuring the surface wear resistance of the workpiece by using an HSR-2M friction wear tester under the conditions of the load of 20N, the reciprocating length of 4mm and the test of 20 min. The abrasion loss of the sample was measured with an FA1104N electronic balance with a balance accuracy of 0.0001g.
2. A method of processing an AZ31B magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: cutting processing is needed before the step 1, a numerical control milling machine is adopted to cut AZ31B magnesium alloy workpieces into test blocks of 50mm multiplied by 50mm, the feed amount of each workpiece is kept consistent in the milling process, the milling speed is kept the same, and the milled test blocks are obtained.
3. A method of processing an AZ31B magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main components of the cleaning solvent in the step 1 are acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol; in the invention, as a further explanation, cutting treatment is required before step 1, a numerical control milling machine is adopted to cut a 5CrNiMo steel workpiece into test blocks of 50mm × 50mm × 50mm, the feed amount of each workpiece is kept consistent and the milling speed is kept the same in the milling process, so that the milled test blocks are obtained.
In the present invention, as a further illustration, the cleaning solvent components described in step 1 are mainly acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. according to the invention, the surface of the AZ31B magnesium alloy is treated by adopting the electron beam, so that the surface hardness is improved, and the surface wear resistance of the sample can be effectively improved. The invention adopts an electron beam treatment mode to rapidly heat the AZ31B magnesium alloy to reach the melting point of the material, and then rapidly cool the material. The rapid temperature rise and quenching process enables the surface of the test block to be rapidly hardened, and the overall improvement of the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the test block is realized.
2. When the AZ31B magnesium alloy is processed by the continuous electron beams, the electron beams act on the surface of the test block, and a large amount of heat is generated in a short time and then is diffused and dissipated. Because the matrix cooling speed is higher, the material remelted layer and the heat affected zone tissues grow and are refined in a mode of rapid heating and rapid cooling, the surface hardness and the wear resistance are improved, and the quenching effect is similar to the heat treatment quenching effect. The test block matrix has low heating temperature, unchanged internal structure and high toughness inside the material. The present invention thus achieves an overall improvement in surface properties such as hardness, abrasion resistance, etc.
3. The process of electron beam treatment of the AZ31B magnesium alloy is carried out in a vacuum processing chamber, so that the environment is not polluted in the processing process, and the AZ31B magnesium alloy is prevented from contacting the outside; meanwhile, the energy transfer medium is electrons, and has the characteristics of high energy conversion, good action effect and the like.
4. The micro-hardness of the AZ31B magnesium alloy substrate prepared by the method is 60HV, the micro-hardness of the modified layer is 109.3HV, and the hardness of the modified layer is 1.68 times that of the substrate. Namely, the surface hardness of the AZ31B magnesium alloy test block is obviously improved by the electron beam treatment of the invention. Under the load of 20N, the reciprocating length is 4mm, the grinding weight loss is only 0.6mg after the test for 20min, and the abrasion weight is greatly improved compared with that of a test block which is not treated by an electron beam and has 1.5 mg.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the frictional wear profile of AZ31B magnesium alloy prior to the practice of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a friction wear profile of AZ31B magnesium alloy obtained after the practice of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional microstructure of an AZ31B magnesium alloy obtained after the practice of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the microstructure of a modified layer of an AZ31B magnesium alloy obtained after the practice of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, and the aspects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: a method for processing AZ31B magnesium alloy.
Step 1: and (2) preprocessing, namely milling the cut test block workpiece, and then cleaning the milled workpiece by using acetone and an absolute ethyl alcohol solvent to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface.
After step 1, step 2 is performed.
Step 2: and (2) electron beam treatment, namely placing the workpiece after quenching and tempering and cleaning in a thermal processing chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing the electron gun chamber and the welding processing chamber by connecting a diffusion pump and a Roots pump in series, so that the vacuum degree of the electron gun chamber is 1.33 multiplied by 10 < -3 > Pa, and the vacuum degree of the processing chamber is 5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa. Setting technological parameters of an electron beam welding machine, wherein the acceleration voltage of an electron beam is 60KV, the focusing current of the electron beam is 390mA, the processing beam current of the electron beam is 4mA, 5mA and 6mA, the moving speed of an electron gun is 3 mm/s, 5 mm/s and 7mm/s, and the diameter of a beam spot of the electron beam is 4mm. And then, carrying out surface treatment on the workpiece subjected to the electron beam cleaning treatment to obtain a finished product.
After step 2, step 3 is performed.
And step 3: and (3) performing structure and performance test, namely observing the structure of the test block by using a GeminiSEM300 electron microscope, measuring the microhardness of the workpiece by using an HDX-1000TM microhardness tester under the load of 1.96N and the loading time of 15s, and measuring the surface wear resistance of the workpiece by using an HSR-2M friction wear tester under the conditions of the load of 20N, the reciprocating length of 4mm and the test of 20 min. The abrasion weight loss of the sample was measured with an electronic balance of FA1104N type with a balance accuracy of 0.0001g.
Example 2: a method for processing AZ31B magnesium alloy.
Step 1: and (2) preprocessing, namely milling the cut test block workpiece, and then cleaning the milled workpiece by using acetone and an absolute ethyl alcohol solvent to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface.
After step 1, step 2 is performed.
Step 2: and (2) electron beam treatment, namely placing the workpiece after quenching and tempering and cleaning in a thermal processing chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing the electron gun chamber and the welding processing chamber by connecting a diffusion pump and a Roots pump in series, so that the vacuum degree of the electron gun chamber is 1.33 multiplied by 10 < -3 > Pa, and the vacuum degree of the processing chamber is 5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa. Setting technological parameters of an electron beam welding machine, wherein the acceleration voltage of an electron beam is 60KV, the focusing current of the electron beam is 390mA, the processing beam current of the electron beam is 4mA, 5mA and 6mA, the moving speed of an electron gun is 3 mm/s, 5 mm/s and 7mm/s, and the diameter of a beam spot of the electron beam is 4mm. And then, performing surface treatment on the workpiece subjected to the electron beam cleaning treatment to obtain a finished product.
After step 2 is completed, step 3 is performed.
And step 3: and (3) performing structure and performance test, namely observing the structure of the test block by using a GeminiSEM300 electron microscope, measuring the microhardness of the workpiece by using an HDX-1000TM microhardness tester under the load of 1.96N and the loading time of 15s, and measuring the surface wear resistance of the workpiece by using an HSR-2M friction wear tester under the conditions of the load of 20N, the reciprocating length of 4mm and the test of 20 min. The abrasion loss of the sample was measured with an FA1104N electronic balance with a balance accuracy of 0.0001g.
Example 3: a method for processing AZ31B magnesium alloy.
Step 1: and (3) preprocessing, namely milling the cut test block workpiece, and then cleaning the milled workpiece by using acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol solvent to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface.
After step 1, step 2 is performed.
Step 2: and (2) electron beam treatment, namely placing the workpiece after quenching and tempering and cleaning in a thermal processing chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing the electron gun chamber and the welding processing chamber by connecting a diffusion pump and a Roots pump in series, so that the vacuum degree of the electron gun chamber is 1.33 multiplied by 10 < -3 > Pa, and the vacuum degree of the processing chamber is 5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa. Setting technological parameters of an electron beam welding machine, wherein the acceleration voltage of an electron beam is 60KV, the focusing current of the electron beam is 390mA, the processing beam current of the electron beam is 4mA, 5mA and 6mA, the moving speed of an electron gun is 3 mm/s, 5 mm/s and 7mm/s, and the diameter of a beam spot of the electron beam is 4mm. And then, performing surface treatment on the workpiece subjected to the electron beam cleaning treatment to obtain a finished product.
After step 2, step 3 is performed.
And step 3: and (3) performing structure and performance test, namely observing the structure of a test block by using a GeminiSEM300 electron microscope, measuring the microhardness of the workpiece by using an HDX-1000TM microhardness tester under the load of 1.96N and the loading time of 15s, and measuring the surface wear resistance of the workpiece by using an HSR-2M friction wear tester under the conditions of the load of 20N, the reciprocating length of 4mm and the test of 20 min. The abrasion weight loss of the sample was measured with an electronic balance of FA1104N type with a balance accuracy of 0.0001g.
Example 4: a method for processing AZ31B magnesium alloy.
Step 1: and (2) preprocessing, namely milling the cut test block workpiece, and then cleaning the milled workpiece by using acetone and an absolute ethyl alcohol solvent to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface.
After step 1 is completed, step 2 is performed.
Step 2: and (2) electron beam treatment, namely placing the workpiece after quenching and tempering and cleaning in a thermal processing chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing the electron gun chamber and the welding processing chamber by connecting a diffusion pump and a Roots pump in series, so that the vacuum degree of the electron gun chamber is 1.33 multiplied by 10 < -3 > Pa, and the vacuum degree of the processing chamber is 5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa. Setting technological parameters of an electron beam welding machine, wherein the acceleration voltage of an electron beam is 60KV, the focusing current of the electron beam is 390mA, the processing beam current of the electron beam is 4mA, 5mA and 6mA, the moving speed of an electron gun is 3 mm/s, 5 mm/s and 7mm/s, and the diameter of a beam spot of the electron beam is 4mm. And then, carrying out surface treatment on the workpiece subjected to the electron beam cleaning treatment to obtain a finished product.
After step 2 is completed, step 3 is performed.
And step 3: and (3) performing structure and performance test, namely observing the structure of the test block by using a GeminiSEM300 electron microscope, measuring the microhardness of the workpiece by using an HDX-1000TM microhardness tester under the load of 1.96N and the loading time of 15s, and measuring the surface wear resistance of the workpiece by using an HSR-2M friction wear tester under the conditions of the load of 20N, the reciprocating length of 4mm and the test of 20 min. The abrasion loss of the sample was measured with an FA1104N electronic balance with a balance accuracy of 0.0001g.
Example 5: a method for processing AZ31B magnesium alloy.
Step 1: and (2) preprocessing, namely milling the cut test block workpiece, and then cleaning the milled workpiece by using acetone and an absolute ethyl alcohol solvent to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface.
After step 1, step 2 is performed.
Step 2: and (2) electron beam treatment, namely placing the workpiece after quenching and tempering and cleaning in a thermal processing chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing the electron gun chamber and the welding processing chamber by connecting a diffusion pump and a Roots pump in series, so that the vacuum degree of the electron gun chamber is 1.33 multiplied by 10 < -3 > Pa, and the vacuum degree of the processing chamber is 5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa. Setting technological parameters of an electron beam welding machine, wherein the acceleration voltage of an electron beam is 60KV, the focusing current of the electron beam is 390mA, the processing beam current of the electron beam is 4mA, 5mA and 6mA, the moving speed of an electron gun is 3 mm/s, 5 mm/s and 7mm/s, and the diameter of a beam spot of the electron beam is 4mm. And then, performing surface treatment on the workpiece subjected to the electron beam cleaning treatment to obtain a finished product.
After step 2, step 3 is performed.
And 3, step 3: and (3) performing structure and performance test, namely observing the structure of the test block by using a GeminiSEM300 electron microscope, measuring the microhardness of the workpiece by using an HDX-1000TM microhardness tester under the load of 1.96N and the loading time of 15s, and measuring the surface wear resistance of the workpiece by using an HSR-2M friction wear tester under the conditions of the load of 20N, the reciprocating length of 4mm and the test of 20 min. The abrasion loss of the sample was measured with an FA1104N electronic balance with a balance accuracy of 0.0001g.
1. Surface topography characterization experiment: the surface topography of the AZ31B magnesium alloy test piece without electron beam treatment and the test piece with electron beam treatment was observed under a 3D measurement laser microscope as shown in fig. 1 and 2. As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2: in fig. 1, the worn surface furrows of AZ31B magnesium alloy not subjected to scanning electron beam treatment are large in number and depth, and the peeling phenomenon of particles is remarkable, and the furrows on the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy subjected to the implementation of the present invention in fig. 2 are thin and discontinuous, and the peeled particles are reduced. Therefore, the treatment method implemented by the invention can obviously enhance the surface wear resistance of the AZ31B magnesium alloy test block.
2. Microhardness test experiment: the microhardness of the workpiece is measured by an HDX-1000TM microhardness meter under the load of 1.96N and the loading time of 15s, the microhardness of the modified layer is 109.3HV, the microhardness of the matrix is 60HV, and the integral hardness is improved by 1.68 times.
3. Metallographic structure test experiment: the block tissue was observed using a GeminiSEM300 electron microscope, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Wherein, FIG. 3 is a microscopic sectional structure diagram of the test block magnified to 500 times, the sectional morphology is divided into a remelting layer, a heat affected zone and a matrix, and the distribution boundary of the modification layer and the matrix is more obvious; FIG. 4 is a structure diagram of a re-melted layer of a test block magnified to 2000 times, wherein grain boundaries disappear, the structure is uniformly distributed, and surface grains are significantly refined, so that the surface properties such as hardness and wear resistance are improved.
4. Surface abrasion resistance test experiment: the HSR-2M friction wear testing machine is tested for 20min under the load of 20N and the reciprocating length is 4mm, the wear resistance of a workpiece is measured, and the abrasion weight loss of a sample is measured by using an FA1104N type electronic balance. Compared with the test block before electron beam treatment, the abrasion loss of the test block is 1.5mg, the abrasion of the test block is reduced by 0.9mg after 20min of abrasion, and the abrasion resistance is improved.
The above description is specific details of possible embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention. All changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.

Claims (3)

1. A method of processing an AZ31B magnesium alloy, comprising the steps of:
step 1: pre-treatment, milling the cut test block workpiece, and then cleaning the milled workpiece by using acetone and an absolute ethyl alcohol solvent to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface;
step 2 is carried out after step 1 is finished;
step 2: electron beam treatment, namely placing the workpiece after the quenching and tempering treatment and the cleaning treatment in a thermal processing chamber of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing an electron gun chamber and a welding processing chamber by connecting a diffusion pump and a roots pump in series, so that the vacuum degree of the electron gun chamber is 1.33 multiplied by 10 < -3 > Pa, and the vacuum degree of the processing chamber is 5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa; setting the technological parameters of an electron beam welding machine, wherein the acceleration voltage of an electron beam is 60KV, the focusing current of the electron beam is 390mA, the processing beam current of the electron beam is 4mA, 5mA and 6mA, the moving speed of an electron gun is 3 mm/s, 5 mm/s and 7mm/s, and the diameter of a beam spot of the electron beam is 4mm; then, performing surface treatment on the workpiece subjected to the electron beam cleaning treatment to obtain a finished product;
step 3 is carried out after step 2 is finished;
and step 3: testing the structure and the performance, namely observing the structure of a test block by using a GeminiSEM300 electron microscope, and measuring the microhardness of the workpiece by using an HDX-1000TM microhardness tester under the conditions of 1.96N load and 15s loading time; the abrasion weight loss of the sample was measured with an electronic balance of FA1104N type with a balance accuracy of 0.0001g.
2. A method of processing an AZ31B magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: cutting treatment is needed before the step 1, a numerical control milling machine is adopted to cut AZ31B magnesium alloy workpieces into test blocks of 50mm multiplied by 50mm, the feed amount of each workpiece is kept consistent in the milling process, the milling speed is kept the same, and the milled test blocks are obtained.
3. A method of processing an AZ31B magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main components of the cleaning solvent in the step 1 are acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol.
CN202110671364.2A 2021-06-17 2021-06-17 Method for treating AZ31B magnesium alloy Pending CN115488582A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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