CN117305552A - Method for improving mechanical property of 45 steel surface - Google Patents
Method for improving mechanical property of 45 steel surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN117305552A CN117305552A CN202311143353.2A CN202311143353A CN117305552A CN 117305552 A CN117305552 A CN 117305552A CN 202311143353 A CN202311143353 A CN 202311143353A CN 117305552 A CN117305552 A CN 117305552A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the mechanical properties of a 45 steel surface, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1: and (3) preprocessing, namely milling the cut test block workpiece, processing a powder placing groove on the surface of the test block, and finally cleaning the milled workpiece by using a cleaning solvent. Step 2: and (3) preprocessing, namely pre-coating W-Ni mixed powder on the cleaned workpiece. Step 3: electron beam processing, in which the surface of the workpiece is continuously scanned by using annular electron beams. Step 4: tissue and performance tests, obtaining a cross section morphology through a laser microscope, and observing an internal tissue through a scanning electron microscope; the microhardness meter measures hardness, and the frictional wear tester detects wear resistance. Namely, the method disclosed by the invention not only can improve the surface hardness of 45 steel, but also can improve the wear resistance of the 45 steel, and has excellent application prospect.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention belongs to the technical field of 45 steel high-energy beam surface modification, and particularly relates to a method for improving the mechanical properties of the 45 steel surface.
[ background Art ]
45 steel belongs to high-quality carbon structural steel and has good comprehensive mechanical properties: high strength, good cutting performance, low processing cost and wide application in industry. In practical production, the method is often applied to shaft parts, and gears, racks, connecting rods and the like in common machines are also used. The surface of the material is required to have higher hardness and wear resistance under the working conditions of gears, shafts and the like, but the surface hardness of the 45 steel after common heat treatment is lower, the 45 steel is easy to fail under high temperature and high stress environments, and the 45 steel is easy to corrode in the use process, so that the application range is greatly limited. If a proper surface treatment process can be selected, the surface performance of 45 steel is improved, the production and manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced, and the energy can be saved and the application range can be enlarged.
The electron beam surface modification technology utilizes electron beam with high energy density to bombard the surface of the material, converts kinetic energy into heat energy on the subsurface, so that the surface of the material is quickly heated and then quickly cooled, and the surface modification effect is achieved. The electron beam can convert 90% of electric energy into heat energy, and the energy utilization rate is high. Has the effect of self quenching, does not need cooling quenching, and therefore, does not pollute the environment, and is green and environment-friendly. Therefore, the patent provides a method for improving the mechanical property of the surface of 45 steel, which can improve the surface hardness of 45 steel, enhance the wear resistance of 45 steel and expand the application of electron beams in the field of material surface modification.
[ invention ]
The purpose of the invention is that:
milling and cutting a 45 steel workpiece, and cleaning a milled test block by using acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol solvent; and finally, obtaining a sample finished product through electron beam treatment. The invention can effectively improve the surface hardness and the surface wear resistance of the test block, and has excellent practical application scene.
In order to solve the problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1. a method for improving the mechanical properties of 45 steel surface comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (3) preprocessing, namely milling the cut test block workpiece, processing a powder placing groove on the surface of the test block, and finally cleaning the milled workpiece by using acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol solvent to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface.
Step 2 is carried out after the step 1 is finished;
step 2: pretreatment, carrying out W-Ni mixed powder, and carrying out W: ni=7:3, and the W powder with the purity of 99.9 percent and the average particle diameter of 44 mu m and the Ni powder with the average particle diameter of 10 mu m are evenly mixed and then are precoated in a powder placing groove of the cleaned workpiece.
Step 3 is carried out after the step 2 is finished;
step 3: and E, electron beam treatment, namely placing the pretreated workpiece on a workbench of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing a welding processing chamber until the vacuum degree is 6.5X10-3 Pa. The technical parameters of the electron beam welding process are set on the control panel as follows: acceleration voltage is 60kV, beam current is 24mA, electron gun moving speed is 1mm/s, and scanning frequency is 300Hz. The energy densities of the samples No. 1, no. 2, no. 3 and No. 4 are 98, 132, 201 and 425J/cm respectively 2 . And continuously scanning the surface of the workpiece by using an annular electron beam to obtain a finished product.
Step 3, after finishing the step 4;
step 4: and (3) tissue and performance testing, wherein the cross section morphology is obtained through a laser microscope, and the microstructure of the sample is observed by adopting a Quanta FEG450 field emission scanning electron microscope. Work piece microhardness was measured using an HXD-1000TM microhardness tester with a load of 0.981N and a loading time of 10 seconds. And taking every 100 mu m of the center line of the cross section of the sample as a measuring point, respectively recording data at every 50 mu m of the left and right of each test point, recording 5 data of each test point, removing the maximum value and the minimum value, and taking the average value as the microhardness of the test point. The tribology test of the sample is carried out by adopting a CFT-I type material surface property comprehensive tester, and the test conditions are as follows: diameter ofThe GCr15 ball of (C) was used as a friction pair, the working load was 30N, the reciprocating friction distance was 3mm, the speed was 1mm/s, and the abrasion loss was measured by a probe type surface profiler of its test assembly at room temperature for 45 minutes.
2. The method for improving the mechanical properties of the surface of 45 steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: cutting the 45 steel material into a steel material by adopting a numerical control milling machine before the step 1
50 mm. Times.50 mm test block.
3. The method for improving the mechanical properties of the surface of 45 steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (2) processing a powder placing groove on the surface of the test block in the step (1) to obtain a milled test block, wherein the surface of the powder placing groove is processed to be 47mm multiplied by 7mm multiplied by 0.9mm, and the feeding amount of each workpiece is kept consistent and the milling speed is the same in the milling process.
4. The method for improving the mechanical properties of the surface of 45 steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the main components of the cleaning solvent in the step 1 are acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the mode of electron beam scanning treatment of 45 steel surface, which can effectively enhance the surface wear resistance while improving the surface hardness. The invention adopts an electron beam scanning mode to instantly heat 45 steel to reach the melting point of the material, and then rapidly reduces the temperature. The rapid heating and quenching process ensures that the surface temperature gradient of the test block is very large, the test block can be rapidly hardened, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance are integrally improved.
2. When the 45 steel is processed by the scanning electron beam, the electron beam acts on the surface of the test block, and a large amount of heat is generated in a short time and then is diffused. As the matrix is high in heat conduction and cooling speed, the structure of the material melting layer and the heat affected zone is thinned in a quenching and rapid heating mode, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance are improved, and the quenching effect is similar to that of heat treatment. The temperature of the test block matrix is lower, the internal structure is unchanged, and the toughness of the material is still possessed. Therefore, the invention can realize the improvement of the surface properties such as hardness, wear resistance and the like.
3. The invention relates to a process of treating 45 steel by electron beams, which is carried out in a vacuum processing chamber, can ensure no pollution to the environment in the processing process and avoid the 45 steel from contacting with the outside; meanwhile, the energy transfer medium is electrons, and has the characteristics of high energy conversion, good action effect and the like.
4. The microhardness of the 45 steel matrix prepared by the invention is 223.7HV, the microhardness of the modified layer is 877.6HV, and the hardness of the modified layer is 3.9 times of that of the matrix. Namely, the 45 steel test block is subjected to electron beam scanning treatmentThe surface hardness is remarkably improved. At a working load of 30N, a reciprocating length of 3mm, a speed of 1mm/s and a duration of 45 minutes at room temperature, a wear of 0.0054mm3 was found, only the substrate (0.0466 mm 3 ) 11.6% of (C).
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 (a) is a graph of 45 steel surface topography obtained after the practice of the present invention;
FIG. 1 (b) is a cross-sectional profile of 45 steel obtained after the practice of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of a 45 steel modified layer obtained after the implementation of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing microhardness profile in the depth direction after practice of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of 45 steel surface abrasion test obtained before and after the practice of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
A method for improving the mechanical properties of 45 steel surface comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (3) preprocessing, namely milling the cut test block workpiece, processing a powder placing groove on the surface of the test block, and finally cleaning the milled workpiece by using acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol solvent to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface.
Step 2 is carried out after the step 1 is finished;
step 2: pretreatment, carrying out W-Ni mixed powder, and carrying out W: ni=7:3, and the W powder with the purity of 99.9 percent and the average particle diameter of 44 mu m and the Ni powder with the average particle diameter of 10 mu m are evenly mixed and then are precoated in a powder placing groove of the cleaned workpiece.
Step 3 is carried out after the step 2 is finished;
step 3: and E, electron beam treatment, namely placing the pretreated workpiece on a workbench of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing a welding processing chamber until the vacuum degree is 6.5X10-3 Pa. The technical parameters of the electron beam welding process are set on the control panel as follows: acceleration voltage is 60kV, beam current is 24mA, electron gun moving speed is 1mm/s, and scanning frequency is 300Hz.1#, 2The energy densities of the # sample, the # 3 sample and the # 4 sample are 98J/cm, 132J/cm, 201J/cm and 425J/cm respectively 2 . And continuously scanning the surface of the workpiece by using an annular electron beam to obtain a finished product.
Step 3, after finishing the step 4;
step 4: and (3) tissue and performance testing, wherein the cross section morphology is obtained through a laser microscope, and the microstructure of the sample is observed by adopting a Quanta FEG450 field emission scanning electron microscope. Work piece microhardness was measured using an HXD-1000TM microhardness tester with a load of 0.981N and a loading time of 10 seconds. And taking every 100 mu m of the center line of the cross section of the sample as a measuring point, respectively recording data at every 50 mu m of the left and right of each test point, recording 5 data of each test point, removing the maximum value and the minimum value, and taking the average value as the microhardness of the test point. The tribology test of the sample is carried out by adopting a CFT-I type material surface property comprehensive tester, and the test conditions are as follows: diameter ofThe GCr15 ball of (C) was used as a friction pair, the working load was 30N, the reciprocating friction distance was 3mm, the speed was 1mm/s, and the abrasion loss was measured by a probe type surface profiler of its test assembly at room temperature for 45 minutes.
The surface morphology of the electron beam treated test block was observed using an optical microscope, and the cross-sectional morphology observed under a laser microscope was as shown in fig. 1 (a) and (b). In fig. 1 (a), the surface is observed to exhibit metallic luster. As can be seen in fig. 1 (b), the metallurgical bond is produced between the 45 steel coating and the substrate after the implementation of the present invention, and the cross section is divided into an alloy region, a heat affected zone and a substrate. The distribution limit of the modified layer and the matrix is obvious. FIG. 2 is a microscopic structure diagram of an alloy region of a test block, which is magnified to 1000 times, the structure is uniformly distributed, and surface grains are obviously refined, so that the surface properties such as hardness and wear resistance are improved.
The microhardness of the workpiece was measured with an HDX-1000TM microhardness tester at a load of 0.981N for 10s, the microhardness of the modified layer was 877.6HV, the microhardness of the matrix was 223.7HV, and the overall hardness was 3.9 fold improvement, as shown in fig. 3.
CFT-I type material surface property comprehensive tester in useDiameter ofThe GCr15 ball of (C) was used as a friction pair, and the abrasion resistance was measured at room temperature for 45 minutes at a working load of 30N, a reciprocating friction distance of 3mm and a speed of 1 mm/s. As shown in FIG. 4, the abrasion loss thereof was 0.0054mm 3 Only the substrate (0.0466 mm 3 ) And the wear resistance of the steel is greatly improved by 11.6 percent.
The foregoing description is directed to specific details of possible examples of the present invention, but the embodiments are not limited to the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present invention should be construed to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the mechanical properties of 45 steel surface comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (3) preprocessing, namely milling the cut test block workpiece, processing a powder placing groove on the surface of the test block, and finally cleaning the milled workpiece by using acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol solvent to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface.
Step 2 is carried out after the step 1 is finished;
step 2: pretreatment, carrying out W-Ni mixed powder, and carrying out W: ni=7:3, and the W powder with the purity of 99.9 percent and the average particle diameter of 44 mu m and the Ni powder with the average particle diameter of 10 mu m are evenly mixed and then are precoated in a powder placing groove of the cleaned workpiece.
Step 3 is carried out after the step 2 is finished;
step 3: and E, electron beam treatment, namely placing the pretreated workpiece on a workbench of an electron beam welding machine, and vacuumizing a welding processing chamber until the vacuum degree is 6.5X10-3 Pa. The technical parameters of the electron beam welding process are set on the control panel as follows: acceleration voltage is 60kV, beam current is 24mA, electron gun moving speed is 1mm/s, and scanning frequency is 300Hz. The energy densities of the samples No. 1, no. 2, no. 3 and No. 4 are 98, 132, 201 and 425J/cm respectively 2 . And continuously scanning the surface of the workpiece by using an annular electron beam to obtain a finished product.
Step 3, after finishing the step 4;
step 4: and (3) tissue and performance testing, wherein the cross section morphology is obtained through a laser microscope, and the microstructure of the sample is observed by adopting a Quanta FEG450 field emission scanning electron microscope. Work piece microhardness was measured using an HXD-1000TM microhardness tester with a load of 0.981N and a loading time of 10 seconds. And taking every 100 mu m of the center line of the cross section of the sample as a measuring point, respectively recording data at every 50 mu m of the left and right of each test point, recording 5 data of each test point, removing the maximum value and the minimum value, and taking the average value as the microhardness of the test point. The tribology test of the sample is carried out by adopting a CFT-I type material surface property comprehensive tester, and the test conditions are as follows: GCr15 balls with diameter phi=3 mm were used as friction pairs, working load was 30N, reciprocating friction distance was 3mm, speed was 1mm/s, and duration was 45 minutes at room temperature, and abrasion loss was measured by using a probe type surface profiler of its test assembly.
2. The method for improving the mechanical properties of the surface of 45 steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: cutting treatment is needed before the step 1, and a numerical control milling machine is adopted to cut the 45 steel material into test blocks with the dimensions of 50mm multiplied by 50 mm.
3. The method for improving the mechanical properties of the surface of 45 steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (2) processing a powder placing groove on the surface of the test block in the step (1) to obtain a milled test block, wherein the surface of the powder placing groove is processed to be 47mm multiplied by 7mm multiplied by 0.9mm, and the feeding amount of each workpiece is kept consistent and the milling speed is the same in the milling process.
4. The method for improving the mechanical properties of the surface of 45 steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the main components of the cleaning solvent in the step 1 are acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311143353.2A CN117305552A (en) | 2023-09-06 | 2023-09-06 | Method for improving mechanical property of 45 steel surface |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311143353.2A CN117305552A (en) | 2023-09-06 | 2023-09-06 | Method for improving mechanical property of 45 steel surface |
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