CN103014249B - Laser melting quenching process capable of greatly increasing RuT300 surface hardness - Google Patents
Laser melting quenching process capable of greatly increasing RuT300 surface hardness Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser melting quenching process capable of greatly increasing the RuT300 surface hardness. The laser melting quenching process is characterized by comprising the following steps of carrying out flattening treatment and surface pretreatment on the surface of a to-be-treated RuT300 workpiece, setting the included angle of the transmitting direction of a laser beam and the normal of the treated surface of the workpiece at 0-45 DEG, carrying out laser melting quenching and carrying out liquid penetrant test immediately after the workpiece is cooled to the room temperature after the laser melting quenching. Compared with the prior art, the process disclosed by the invention has advantages that the operation is simple, the efficiency is high and the corresponding surface blackening treatment is not needed, so that the processing efficiency is increased; the workpiece deformation is little, so that the application of high-precision parts or dies can be satisfied; and the repeatability is good, the crater crack problem is well solved and a laser quenching zone with no crack or air hole on the surface is obtained, so that the surface fatigue resistance of the parts can be greatly increased and the service life of the parts is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Metal Surface Modification Technique field, specifically refer to a kind of laser melting quenching technology that can increase substantially RuT300 surface hardness.
Background technology
Vermicular cast iron has higher room temperature strength, hot strength, good castability, fatigue reliability, weldability and lower production cost, and little to the pollution of environment in process of production, there is good over-all properties, obtained in recent years fast development at home and abroad.Compared with common graphitic cast iron, the hardness of vermicular cast iron is higher, can produce the engine parts that wall is thinner, weight is lighter, as cylinder cap and valve seating; In addition, it can effectively improve motor efficiency and reduce engine emission level, in the manufacture of cylinder cap, use the vermicular cast iron valve seating that hardness is higher can bear higher combustion chamber pressure and temperature, thereby have a wide range of applications on heavy duty parts.
But along with domestic and international automobile, steamer and engine thereof improve constantly the requirement of assembly and component, for wearing and tearing in serious impact, the key part of working under hot stress alternation and corrosive medium operating mode, vermicular cast iron is the same with other cast iron materials, and to exist surface hardness lower, the poor easy wearing and tearing of wear resistance, the problem that work-ing life is short, this is also a technical bottleneck of its application, traditional surface treatment method cannot meet the high performance requirements of vermicular cast iron parts, the surface property that how to improve vermicular cast iron becomes the key that it is further applied.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be for the present situation of prior art provide a kind of simple to operate, efficiency is high, workpiece deformation is little, surperficial flawless and pore, easily be automated and control and can increase substantially the laser melting quenching technology of RuT300 surface hardness.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: the laser melting quenching technology that this increases substantially RuT300 surface hardness, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Planarizing process is carried out on a, the surface that is the pending workpiece of RuT300 to supply of material state part: surface is by mechanical workout, and roughness requires 3.2≤Ra≤6.3.
B, surface preparation: the RuT300 workpiece surface of processing through (a) is first used to sand papering, remove surperficial rusty stain, then clean with acetone.
C, want treat surface form that the normal angle of laser beam and workpiece surface is set according to component, normal angle scope is 0～45 °.Preferably, preferably after clamping workpiece is good, angle between described light beam and workpiece surface normal, selects 0 °～25 ° for laser beam after adjusting can realize vertical irradiation to work surface time, when can not vertical irradiation surperficial to workpiece to be processed, selects 25 °～45 °.
D, quenching process parameters is set:
1. the mode that rises and decay according to the laser power of depth of hardening and format surface selective quenching, power, the power rise time is 0～3s, laser power 900W～2200W, be that 1～4s is advisable fall time; Need overlap for ring-shaped work pieces time, amount of lap is 0.5～2.5s;
2. laser beam sweep velocity: 150mm/min～480mm/min;
3. according to sweep length, spot size is set, by regulating defocusing amount to realize, defocusing amount is :+15mm～+ 75mm;
4. protecting gas is N
2or Ar
2, airshed is: 5L/min～15L/min; Protection gas and beam direction angle are necessarily and export round homogenizer.
E, carry out laser melting quenching.
F, laser melting carry out immediately penetrant inspection until work-piece cools after quenching to room temperature.
Because vermicular cast iron is due to the impact of self component and tissue signature, make it in laser quenching process, easily produce pore and tiny crack, due to the instantaneous receipts arc of laser, also very easily produce crater crack in receipts arc position.And this technique preferably resolves above-mentioned technical problem, through a large amount of tests, suitable technique and processing parameter are selected, laser melting is quenched and is successfully applied on vermicular cast iron parts, solved preferably in RuT300 application the problems that environment lower surface hardness is low, easy to wear, the life-span is shorter such as gouging abrasion, exhaust gas corrosion and thermal load.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following outstanding feature:
1), specific embodiment of the invention technological operation is simple, efficiency is high, without carrying out corresponding surperficial Darkening process, has improved working (machining) efficiency; Workpiece deformation is little, can meet the application of high-precision part or mould; Process repeatability is good.
2), compare other traditional quenching technology for surfaces, this technique can make material surface rapid melting Quench, thereby obtain superfine grain structure, can significantly improve surface hardness and wear resisting property, more than surface microhardness reaches 1000HV, more than the quenching zone degree of depth can reach 0.8mm, wear resisting property can improve 3～4 times, thereby and stress can be produced on surface can increase substantially the surface fatigue drag of component, and then increase substantially its work-ing life.
3), can the gentle poroid condition of rapid detection processing belt tiny crack, be convenient to technology controlling and process and adjustment.Because consolidation hardened face can form residual compressive stress, greatly reduce RuT300 tearing tendency, and well solve crater crack problem, obtain the laser quenching band of surperficial flawless and pore, can increase substantially the fatigue resistance of piece surface, thus the work-ing life of elongated component.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention laser surface remelting quenching machining sketch chart;
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 gained coating microstructure photo.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment is described in further detail the present invention.
This patent adopts the casting RuT300 material of supply of material state that meets national standard, and material surface is correlated with after pre-treatment and is carried out laser melting quenching, on this basis quenching zone is carried out to penetrant inspection, coating Analysis on Microstructure and microhardness analysis.When laser scanning, the schematic diagram of working order as shown in Figure 1.In Fig. 1,1: workpiece, 2: laser gun, 3, laser beam, 4: protection gas passage, α: normal angle, the normal angle in following each embodiment is 30 °, and 5: quenching machine direction.
After described supply of material state refers to and cast, through the RuT300 of stress relief annealing processing vermicular graphite iron material, its Brinell hardness is 140～210HBW, and main matrix is ferrite.
Embodiment 1:
(a), get three RuT300 samples, 1-1,1-2 and 1-3 carry out planarizing process to the surface of sample: surface is by mechanical workout, and roughness Ra requires 3.2 simultaneously.
(b), surface preparation: the RuT300 piece surface of processing through (a) is first removed to surperficial rusty stain with sand papering, then clean with acetone.
(c), the normal angle of laser beam and workpiece surface is set, experiment material specification is: 30 × 80 × 10(mm) sheet material, workpiece maintains static, lathe rectilinear scanning, normal angle is set to 0 °.
(d), quenching process parameters is set:
The laser power rise time is 0s, laser power 900W, and be 3s fall time; Laser beam sweep velocity is 150mm/min; Defocusing amount is+15mm; Protection gas is Ar
2, airshed is: 5L/min.
(e), carry out laser melting quenching.
(f), laser melting carries out immediately penetrant inspection until work-piece cools after quenching to room temperature.Penetrant inspection, coating Analysis on Microstructure and microhardness analytical structure are as shown in table 1; The microstructure picture of the coating that 1-1 obtains as shown in Figure 2.
Table 1
| Specimen coding | Pore and crackle | The quenching zone degree of depth (mm) | Surface average hardness/Hv |
| 1-1 | Nothing | 0.632 | 984.94 |
| 1-2 | Nothing | 0.612 | 1034.49 |
| 1-3 | Nothing | 0.625 | 1023.65 |
Embodiment 2:
(a), get other three RuT300 sample 2-1,2-2 and 2-3, RuT300 specimen surface is carried out to planarizing process: surface is by mechanical workout, and roughness Ra requires 4.8.
(b), surface preparation: the RuT300 piece surface of processing through (a) is first used to sand papering, remove surperficial rusty stain, then clean with acetone.
(c), the normal angle of laser beam and workpiece surface is set, experiment material specification is: Φ 36 annulus, machined surface is 45 ° of inclined-planes, adjusts machined surface vertical with light beam, light beam is motionless, workpiece is with main shaft uniform rotation, it is 15 ° that normal angle is set.
(d), quenching process parameters is set:
The laser power rise time is 3s, laser power 1300W, and be 1s fall time, amount of lap is 1.5s; Laser beam sweep velocity is 300mm/min; Defocusing amount is+35mm; Protection gas is N
2, airshed is 10L/min.
(e), carry out laser melting quenching.
(f), laser melting carries out immediately penetrant inspection until work-piece cools after quenching to room temperature.Sample prepared by this embodiment carries out penetrant inspection, coating Analysis on Microstructure and microhardness and analyzes as shown in table 2.
Table 2
| Specimen coding | Pore and crackle | The quenching zone degree of depth (mm) | Surface hardness/Hv |
| 2-1 | Nothing | 0.585 | 992.13 |
| 2-2 | Nothing | 0.603 | 965.63 |
| 2-3 | Nothing | 0.597 | 981.95 |
Embodiment 3:
(a) three RuT300 piece surfaces that are, 3-1,3-2 and 3-3 to test piece number (Test pc No.) carry out planarizing process: surface is by mechanical workout, and roughness Ra requires 5.6.
(b), surface preparation: the RuT300 piece surface of processing through (a) is first used to sand papering, remove surperficial rusty stain, then clean with acetone.
(c), want treat surface form that the normal angle of laser beam and workpiece surface is set according to component, due to clamping workpiece good after, face to be processed cannot be adjusted to the position vertical with light beam, when experiment, workpiece is motionless, lathe takes the air line, and normal angle is set to 30 °.
(d), quenching process parameters is set as requested:
The laser power rise time is 3s, laser power 2200W, and be 4s fall time; Laser beam sweep velocity is 480mm/min; Defocusing amount is :+75mm; Protection gas is Ar2, and airshed is 15L/min.
(e), carry out laser melting quenching.
(f), laser melting carries out immediately penetrant inspection until work-piece cools after quenching to room temperature.
It is as shown in table 3 that sample prepared by this embodiment carries out penetrant inspection, coating Analysis on Microstructure and microhardness.
Table 3
| Specimen coding | Pore and crackle | The quenching zone degree of depth (mm) | Surface average hardness/Hv |
| 3-1 | Nothing | 0.744 | 912.96 |
| 3-2 | Nothing | 0.728 | 931.91 |
| 3-3 | Nothing | 0.779 | 944.95 |
Embodiment 4:
(a) the RuT300 piece surface that is, three supply of material states of 4-1,4-2 and 4-3 to specimen coding carries out planarizing process: surface is by mechanical workout, and roughness Ra requires 6.3.
(b), surface preparation: the RuT300 piece surface that will process through (a) first, with abrasive paper for metallograph polishing, removes surperficial rusty stain and greasy dirt, then cleans with acetone.
(c), the normal angle of laser beam and workpiece surface is set, work surface is 45 ° of conical surfaces of annular, after clamping workpiece is good, face to be processed cannot be adjusted to and light beam vertical position, when experiment, workpiece is motionless, lathe is drawn and is justified, normal angle is set to 45 °.
(d), quenching process parameters is set:
The laser power rise time is 0s, laser power 1550W, and be 2s fall time, amount of lap is 0.5s; Laser beam sweep velocity is 270mm/min; Defocusing amount is+55mm; Protection gas is Ar2, and airshed is 10L/min.
(e), carry out laser melting quenching.
(f), laser melting carries out immediately penetrant inspection until work-piece cools after quenching to room temperature.
It is as shown in table 4 that sample prepared by this embodiment carries out penetrant inspection, coating Analysis on Microstructure and microhardness.
Table 4
| Specimen coding | Pore and crackle | The quenching zone degree of depth (mm) | Surface hardness/Hv |
| 4-1 | Nothing | 0.831 | 993.25 |
| 4-2 | Nothing | 0.842 | 1012.98 |
| 4-3 | Nothing | 0.829 | 982.45 |
Claims (1)
1. a laser melting quenching technology that increases substantially RuT300 surface hardness, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, planarizing process is carried out in the surface of pending RuT300 workpiece, roughness requires 3.2≤Ra≤6.3;
B, surface preparation: by the workpiece sand papering through planarizing process, remove surperficial rusty stain, then use acetone scrub;
C, laser non-vertical incident workpiece treat surface, the normal angle of the transmit direction of laser beam and workpiece treat surface is 25 °～45 °;
D, carry out laser melting quenching
Quenching process parameters is as follows:
Laser power 900W～2200W, the power rise time is 0～3s, be 1～4s fall time; Need overlap for ring-shaped work pieces time, amount of lap is 0.5～2.5s;
Laser beam sweep velocity is 150mm/min～480mm/min;
According to sweep length, spot size is set, by regulating defocusing amount to realize, defocusing amount is :+15mm～+ 75mm;
Protection gas is N
2or Ar
2, airshed is: 5L/min～15L/min; Protection gas is exported round homogenizer, and the outbound course of protection gas becomes 15～45 ° of angles with laser beam;
E, laser melting carry out immediately penetrant inspection until work-piece cools after quenching to room temperature.
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| CN105349735A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-02-24 | 无锡清杨机械制造有限公司 | Laser fusing technology |
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| CN108265168B (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2019-06-28 | 长春理工大学 | A kind of vermicular cast iron surface laser consolidation method |
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