CN103993230A - Steel material and processing technology for ball screw - Google Patents
Steel material and processing technology for ball screw Download PDFInfo
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- CN103993230A CN103993230A CN201410015301.1A CN201410015301A CN103993230A CN 103993230 A CN103993230 A CN 103993230A CN 201410015301 A CN201410015301 A CN 201410015301A CN 103993230 A CN103993230 A CN 103993230A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steel material and a processing technology for a ball screw. The steel material comprises the following elements by weight: 0.58% of carbon, 0.25% of silicon, 0.86% of manganese, 0.035% of phosphorus, 0.029% of sulphur, 0.90% of chromium, 0.25% of molybdenum, 0.10% of vanadium, 0.27% of nickel and 0.25% of copper, with the balance being iron and impurities. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a novel material and processing technology for the ball screw, the processed ball screw can totally overcome disadvantages of the GCr15 material during processing, heat treatment distortion and grinding cracks are reduced, processing efficiency is improved, wear resistance, contact fatigue strength and service life of the ball screw are enhanced, and good economic benefits and social benefits are obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the steel in field of mechanical technique, particularly steel and ball-screw complete processing for a kind of ball-screw.
Background technology
The Rolling Components such as ball screw assembly, are the key parts of lathe and even numerical control device, directly affect the working accuracy of lathe, positioning precision in its precision and work-ing life.Therefore country takes out a large amount of foreign exchanges every year, buys external high precision, large diameter ball screw assembly,, meets the growing market requirement.
At present, domestic manufacturing concern adopts GCr15 bearing steel to manufacture the Rolling Components such as ball screw assembly.GCr15 bearing steel is manufactured the processing route of ball-screw: starting material (heat is pricked steel)-normalizing treatment-Spheroidizing Annealing (φ 63-φ 160) or nodularization modifier treatment (φ 16-φ 50), the processing of alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, ice-cold processing, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
Because GCr15 bearing steel is the steel that a kind of high-carbon, high Cr-containing alloy form, in use procedure for many years, find, this material is made ball-screw and is existed following several problems: a. other alloying element content except Cr less, the hardening capacity of steel has certain limitation, obtain darker quench-hardened case more difficult, be applicable to doing the leading screw of medium-small diameter.B. quenching temperature superheated susceptivity is strong, and quenching structure martensite is easily thick, and residual austenite is many, reduces wear resistance and the contact fatigue strength of ball-screw.C. because high Cr easily forms the not carbide tissue of malleable, cause this material quenching strain large, cold machining process is difficult for stable, and surface accuracy is difficult to improve, and is difficult to make high-precision leading screw.D. machining stress is large, efficiency is low, and grinding crack often appears in particularly ground finish.So the complete processing of most of manufacturing enterprises is, after first round steel being quenched, to adopt grinding or revolve milling, hard car method machining screw, to tackle screw mandrel quenching strain.
How improving the quality of domestic ball screw assembly,, is emphasis of the present invention.According to the experience of manufacturing for many years ball-screw accumulation, the understanding to external ball-screw enterprise manufacturing technology, thinks processing geometrical dimension, precision, processing mode and gap is little abroad; Should set about improving from starting material research and development and heat treating method, improve ball-screw wear resistance and contact fatigue strength, significantly improve its dimensional stability, precision and the work-ing life of assurance ball screw assembly.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve working accuracy and the work-ing life of ball screw assembly,, the invention provides a kind of steel for ball-screw processing, described steel is comprised of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.52%～0.61%, element silicon 0.13%～0.37%, manganese element 0.72% ~ 1.03%, phosphoric≤0.040%, element sulphur≤0.040%, chromium element 0.70%～3.10%, molybdenum element 0.19% ~ 0.31%, v element 0.06 ~ 0.31%, nickel element≤0.33% and copper≤0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The component that described steel can be preferably by following weight percent forms: carbon 0.54%～0.59%, element silicon 0.15%～0.35%, manganese element 0.75% ~ 1.00%, phosphoric≤0.035%, element sulphur≤0.035%, chromium element 0.75%～1.05%, molybdenum element 0.20% ~ 0.30%, v element 0.06% ~ 0.10%, nickel element≤0.30% and copper≤0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The component that described steel can also be preferably by following weight percent forms: carbon 0.57%～0.61%, element silicon 0.13%～0.33%, manganese element 0.81% ~ 0.91%, phosphoric 0.030%～0.040%, element sulphur 0.030%～0.040%, chromium element 0.70%～0.90%, molybdenum element 0.19% ~ 0.21%, v element 0.06% ~ 0.07%, nickel element≤0.33% and copper 0.26% ~ 0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The component that described steel can be preferably by following weight percent again forms: carbon 0.52%～0.57%, element silicon 0.36%～0.37%, manganese element 0.72% ~ 1.03%, phosphoric 0.020%～0.040%, element sulphur 0.018% ~ 0.040%, chromium element 0.75%～1.10%, molybdenum element 0.21% ~ 0.31%, v element 0.06% ~ 0.11%, nickel element 0.22% ~ 0.33% and copper 0.21% ~ 0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The component that described steel can be preferably by following weight percent again forms: carbon 0.58%, element silicon 0.25%, manganese element 0.86%, phosphoric 0.035%, element sulphur 0.029%, chromium element 0.90%, molybdenum element 0.25%, v element 0.10%, nickel element 0.27% and copper 0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
In order better to realize foregoing invention object, the present invention also provides a kind of complete processing of steel processing ball-screw, and described complete processing only comprises three thermal treatment:
Before a, the rough turn cylindrical of hot-rolled steel, carry out modifier treatment;
Between b, rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging processing;
After c, fine turning outer circle, carry out surface induction hardening, tempering.
Wherein, in described thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 810-850 ℃, soaking time 120-300 minute, then carry out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium of described quenching is machinery oil or PAG hardening liquid;
(2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 600-680 ℃, and soaking time 150-360 minute, takes out hot-rolled steel and be cooled to room temperature.
In described thermal treatment b, the temperature that high-temperature aging is processed is 550-600 ℃, and soaking time is 180-360 minute.
Surface induction hardening, tempering in described thermal treatment c:
(1) surface induction hardening: through quenching inducer heating, Heating temperature is 860-900 ℃ by hot-rolled steel; The frequency of quenching inducer is 2-10kHz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid;
(2) tempering: Heating temperature is 150-180 ℃, soaking time 180-360 minute, is cooled to room temperature after then taking out.
Wherein, described quenching inducer is: comprise the series connection of some circles and the identical heating collar of current direction, be provided with cross structure described in adjacent two circles between heating collar.
Preferably, described quenching inducer comprises that two circle series connection and the identical heating collar of current direction are heating collar A and heating collar B, and two contact plate A and contact plate B that are connected with heating collar B with heating collar A respectively; Described in two circles, between heating collar, be provided with axial cross structure, described axial cross structure is parallel with described heating collar central axis.
Described in two circles, corresponding position, heating collar bottom is provided with gap, the two ends in the gap of described heating collar A are connected with described axial cross structure with described contact plate A respectively, and the two ends in the gap of described heating collar B are connected with described contact plate B with described axial cross structure respectively.
Described in two circles, heating collar is positioned on same central axis.
The equal diameters of heating collar described in two circles, and be slightly larger than ball-screw diameter; Described in two circles, the width of heating collar is 1.5-2.5 centimetre.
On two described contact plates, cooling tube cylindraceous is all set, described cooling tube one end is connected with described contact plate, and the other end exceeds described contact plate 5-6 centimetre, and is connected with the output terminal of stator cooling water system.
On two described contact plates, be provided with screw, described contact plate is by being connected through being bolted in frame and with transformer output terminal of described screw.
Preferably, quenching inducer comprises that two circle series connection and the identical heating collar of current direction are heating collar A and heating collar B, and two contact plates of all connecting with same described heating collar bottom are contact plate A and contact plate B.
Described heating collar A and described heating collar B upper end are provided with gap, and the two ends in two described gaps are by axial cross structure and the cross connection of inclination cross structure.
Described axial cross structure is parallel with described heating collar central axis.
Described in two circles, heating collar is positioned on same central axis.
The equal diameters of heating collar described in two circles, and be slightly larger than ball-screw diameter; The width of heating collar is 1.5-2.5 centimetre.
On two described contact plates, cooling tube cylindraceous is all set, described cooling tube one end is connected with described contact plate, and the other end exceeds described contact plate 5-6 centimetre, and is connected with the output terminal of stator cooling water system.
On two described contact plates, be provided with screw, described contact plate is by being connected through being bolted in frame and with transformer output terminal of described screw.
In order better to realize foregoing invention object, the present invention also provides a kind of complete processing of described steel processing ball-screw:
Heat is pricked steel-modifier treatment, the processing of alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
The beneficial effect that the technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides is brought is: the invention provides a kind of novel material, and in conjunction with the complete processing that the invention provides ball-screw, the ball-screw processing, can overcome the deficiency that GCr15 material exists in the course of processing completely, reduce Heat Treatment Distortion and grinding crack, improve working (machining) efficiency, wear resistance and contact fatigue strength and the work-ing life of having improved ball-screw, obtained good economic benefit and social benefit; Wherein, the magnetic field solid that in inductor block, induced current produces is distributed in heated object around, and heated object is heated evenly, improved heating efficiency, reduced the superheated susceptivity of sharp corner, the floor height hard area of hardening is darker, the leading screw that is applicable to Che Sihou quenches, and improves working (machining) efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure observation figure of steel after quenching in thermal treatment for the first time in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure observation figure of steel after thermal treatment for the first time in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the CCT graphic representation of steel in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is the process curve figure after thermal treatment for the second time in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 5 is the top layer metallographic structure observation figure of leading screw after thermal treatment for the third time in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 6 is the zone of transition metallographic structure observation figure of leading screw after thermal treatment for the third time in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 7 is leading screw microhardness distribution graphic representation after quenching in thermal treatment for the third time in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 8 is the metallographic structure observation figure of steel after quenching in modifier treatment in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 9 is the metallographic structure observation figure of steel after modifier treatment in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 10 is the CCT graphic representation of steel in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 11 is the process curve figure that in the embodiment of the present invention 2, high-temperature aging is processed.
Figure 12 is the top layer metallographic structure observation figure of leading screw after thermal treatment for the third time in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 13 is the zone of transition metallographic structure observation figure of leading screw after thermal treatment for the third time in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 14 is leading screw microhardness distribution graphic representation after quenching in thermal treatment for the third time in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 15 is the friction curve figure of ball-screw in simultaneous test.
Figure 16 is the wear morphology figure of ball screw in simultaneous test.
Figure 17 is the CCT graphic representation of steel in simultaneous test.
Figure 18 is the hardness profile of ball-screw in simultaneous test.
Figure 19 is the structural representation of quenching inducer in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Figure 20 is the structural representation of quenching inducer in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Wherein, 1, cooling tube; 2, contact plate A; 3, heating collar A; 4, heating collar B; 5, contact plate B; 6, axial cross structure; 7, inclination cross structure.
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Embodiment
The deficiency existing in processing ball-screw process for GCr15 material, the invention provides a kind ofly for processing the Novel steel material (specification sheets of the present invention claims again medium carbon Cr-Mo steel) of ball-screw, and use the complete processing of Novel steel material processing ball-screw.
While wherein, utilizing novel material processing ball-screw of the present invention, only need three thermal treatment:
Thermal treatment for the first time: carry out modifier treatment before the rough turn cylindrical of starting material (hot-rolled steel), quenching technology standard is 810 ~ 850 ℃ of Heating temperatures, soaking time 120-300min, soaking time is looked diameter of work size and is determined, heat-eliminating medium is machinery oil or PAG hardening liquid, and tempering process standard is Heating temperature 600-680 ℃, and soaking time is 150-360min, soaking time is looked diameter of work size and is determined, the air cooling of then coming out of the stove; Hardness 240-270HBS after modified, metallographic microstructure is sorbite, 1-3 level qualified (GB the 4th group of T13320-91 grading figure).
Thermal treatment for the second time: carrying out high-temperature aging processing between rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, is mainly to eliminate inner stress of work, prevents workpiece distortion, and technological specification is Heating temperature 550-600 ℃, and soaking time is 180-360min, the air cooling of coming out of the stove;
Thermal treatment for the third time: carry out surface induction hardening, tempering after fine turning outer circle, technological specification is quenching temperature 860-900 ℃, and PAG is cooling; Induction heating equipment of medium frequency frequency 2-10KHz.Tempering process standard is Heating temperature 150-180 ℃, and soaking time is 180-360min, the air cooling of then coming out of the stove.Hardness requirement HRC58-62 after surface induction hardening, tempering, metallographic structure martensite 3-7 level is qualified, case depth 3.5-13 millimeter.
Embodiment 1
The embodiment of the present invention 1 provides a kind of ball-screw steel, component by following weight percent forms: carbon 0.58%, element silicon 0.25%, manganese element 0.86%, phosphoric 0. 035%, element sulphur 0.029%, chromium element 0.90%, molybdenum element 0.25%, v element 0.10%, nickel element 0.27% and copper 0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The embodiment of the present invention 1 also provides a kind of complete processing of above-mentioned steel processing ball-screw that adopts to be:
Heat is pricked steel-modifier treatment, the processing of alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
Wherein, complete processing only comprises above-mentioned three thermal treatments, that is:
Before a, the rough turn cylindrical of hot-rolled steel, carry out modifier treatment;
Between b, rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging processing;
After c, fine turning outer circle, carry out surface induction hardening, tempering.
In thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 820 ± 5 ℃, is incubated 120 minutes, then carries out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium quenching is 10%PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 660 ± 5 ℃, is incubated 150 minutes, take out hot-rolled steel and be cooled to room temperature.
In thermal treatment b, the temperature that high-temperature aging is processed is 600 ± 10 ℃, and soaking time is 240 minutes.
In thermal treatment c, (1) surface induction hardening: through quenching inducer heating, Heating temperature is 900 ℃ by hot-rolled steel; The frequency of quenching inducer is 3100Hz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: Heating temperature is 160 ℃, soaking time 180 minutes, is cooled to room temperature after then taking out.
Wherein, quenching is to make one of basic means of steel strengthening, and steel is quenched to martensite, and tempering subsequently, to improve toughness, is to make steel obtain the traditional method of high comprehensive mechanical performance.The hard surfacing of ball-screw, is one critical process in ball-screw manufacturing processed, and the height of quenching quality directly affects the inner quality of product, the wear resistance of leading screw, precision and work-ing life.Leading screw quenching inducer originally adopts single turn or the two circle circular inductor block of connecting more, after quenching, check finds that microstructure silk pushes up and silk end difference is very large, silk top martensitic stucture is thick, sometimes there is serious superheating phenomenon, in follow-up grinding process, occur crackle, cause leading screw to scrap, carry out leading screw quenching test, all not obtaining obvious improvement effect, therefore design, manufacture a kind of new pattern rolling ball leading screw quenching inducer, is the task of top priority.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of quenching inducer, and as shown in figure 19, quenching inducer comprises two circle series connection and the identical heating collars and two contact plates that are connected with heating collar of current direction, and two contact plates are connected with two heating collars respectively; Two circle heating collars are respectively: heating collar A3 and heating collar B4, and two contact plates are respectively contact plate A and contact plate B; Between two circle heating collars, be provided with axial cross structure 6, axially cross structure 6 is parallel with heating collar central axis.Wherein, heating collar A3 and corresponding position, heating collar B4 bottom are provided with gap, and the gap of heating collar A3 is connected with axial cross structure 6 with contact plate A respectively, and the gap of heating collar B4 is connected with contact plate B5 with axial cross structure 6 respectively.Like this, the flow direction of electric current is: contact plate A2-heating collar A3-cross structure-heating collar B4-contact plate B5.The equal diameters of two circle heating collars, its slightly larger in diameter is in ball-screw diameter, cooling tube 1 cylindraceous is set on two contact plates, cooling tube 1 one end is connected with contact plate, the other end exceeds contact plate edge 5-6 centimetre, and be connected with the output terminal of stator cooling water system, because stator cooling water system belongs to, this area engineering technical personnel know, therefore repeat no more.The width of heating collar is 1.5-2.5 centimetre, can be according to the width that heating collar need to be set of heated parts.The screw being fixed is set on contact plate, utilizes bolt contact plate is fixed and be connected with transformer output terminal.
Contact plate is connected with the output terminal of transformer, ball-screw is passed to heating collar, after guaranteeing that inductor block installation is stable, open transformer switch, to heating collar, pass into electric current, utilize magnetic field induction eddy heating for heating principle, when passing into electric current to heating collar, electric current produces magnetic field by heating collar, in magnetic field, magnetic line of force passes through ball-screw, can heat ball-screw, after energising, heating collar produces the axial magnetic field parallel with ball-screw, cross structure produces and the axial vertical radial magnetic field of ball-screw simultaneously, radial magnetic field and axial magnetic field form a stereo Magnetic-field around ball-screw, by changing cross structure length, change the distance between adjacent two circle heating collars, thereby change uniformity coefficient and the three-dimensional distribution situation in magnetic field, meet the heating needs of different workpieces, can make like this ball-screw heating reach good effect.The magnetic field solid producing due to induced current in inductor block is distributed in heated object around, and heated object is heated evenly, and has improved heating efficiency, reduce the superheated susceptivity of sharp corner, the floor height hard area of hardening is darker, and the leading screw that is applicable to Che Sihou quenches, and improves working (machining) efficiency.
Our company produces a collection of GD80(ball-screw nominal diameter) * 12(pitch) * 5800(total length) and ball-screw, amount to 40.Elementary composition according to above-mentioned ball-screw by steel, entrusts an iron and steel enterprise to produce, and requires steel enterprise to adopt electric arc furnace to add vacuum refinement method and smelts, and is rolled into 90 millimeters of diameters, the round steel that length is 6000 millimeters.Through sampling inspection, round steel chemical composition (weight percent) meets the requirement of steel component regulation in embodiment 1.
According to above-mentioned ball-screw complete processing, round steel is processed.The course of processing detects hot-rolled steel.
One, modifier treatment:
(1) after quenching, steel metallographic structure observation
After quenching, the in the situation that of 100 times and 200 times of amplifications, the metallographic structure of observation steel, as Fig. 1 (a) with (b), is organized as lath martensite and adds a small amount of residual austenite body tissue.Under 100 times, observe (Fig. 1 (a)), in steel, occurred the banded ferritic structure of obvious white, rank do not exceed standard (≤2 grades).Under 200 times, observe (Fig. 1 (b)), the lath martensite that is organized as after quenching adds a small amount of remnants body tissue difficult to understand.
(2) after quenching, 5 sampling steel are carried out to Rockwell hardness detection, result is as shown in table 1.
The Rockwell hardness of table 1 steel qtenched sample
From the data of table 1, Rockwell hardness mean value is 60.2HRC, belongs to normal quenching structure hardness.
(3) after modifier treatment, observing the metallographic structure of steel, as shown in Figure 2 (c), is tempered sorbite tissue, by GB the 4th group of grading figure of T13320-91 be assessed as 2 grades.In 100 times and 200 times of amplification situations, observe (be respectively Fig. 2 (a) and (b)), can see dark banded structure, similar with the white ribbon in quenching structure.
(4) steel after modifier treatment is carried out to Brinell hardness detection, result is as shown in table 2.
Brinell hardness after the modifier treatment of table 2 steel
From the data of table 2, Brinell hardness mean value is 246 HBS, and hardness is qualified.
(5) the CCT curve of steel test:
As shown in Figure 3, CCT curve test process describes in detail CCT curve: sample is heated to 950 ℃, is incubated to complete austenitizing.Then, adopt hot modeling test machine (Gleeble1500D type) and speed of cooling to be respectively the phase change expansion curve that 50,30,10,5,4,3,2,1,0.8,0.7,0.5,0.3 ℃/s has measured medium carbon Cr-Mo steel sample, make the CCT curve of sample.By CCT curve, can find out: the selected processing parameter of modifier treatment is rational.
Two, thermal treatment for the second time, embodiment of the present invention leading screw high-temperature aging treatment process curve is as Fig. 4, and the object that high-temperature aging is processed, is mainly the internal stress of eliminating in material, reduces the distortion of ball-screw while quenching.
Three, thermal treatment for the third time, i.e. induced surface hardening, tempering, concrete technology parameter is 900 ℃ of quenching temperatures, workpiece movable speed 300mm/min, heat-eliminating medium concentration is 8-10%PAG, pressure 0.2MPa, 20 ℃ of temperature; Induction heating equipment of medium frequency (quenching inducer), frequency 3100Hz, voltage 382V, electric current 287A, power 163KW; Tempering process parameters is 160 ℃ of Heating temperatures, soaking time 240 minutes, the air cooling of then coming out of the stove.Hardness after surface induction hardening, tempering is HRC59-61, and 5.5 grades of metallographic structure martensites are qualified, 7.2 millimeters of case depths, and indices meets the technical requirements of this batch of workpiece pattern.After surface induction hardening, tempering, (500 times are enlarged into Fig. 5 (a) as shown in Figure 5 in top layer metallographic structure, 100 times are enlarged into Fig. 5 (b)), (500 times are enlarged into Fig. 6 (a) as shown in Figure 6 in zone of transition metallographic structure, 100 times are enlarged into Fig. 6 (b)), induction quenching leading screw microhardness distribution graphic representation is as shown in Figure 7.
Embodiment 2
The embodiment of the present invention 2 provides a kind of ball-screw steel, component by following weight percent forms: carbon 0.61%, element silicon 0.33%, manganese element 0.88%, phosphoric 0.015%, element sulphur 0.035%, chromium element 0.90%, molybdenum element 0.31%, v element 0.10%, nickel element 0.31% and copper 0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The embodiment of the present invention 2 also provides a kind of complete processing of above-mentioned steel processing ball-screw that adopts to be:
Heat is pricked steel-modifier treatment, the processing of alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
Wherein, complete processing only comprises above-mentioned three thermal treatments, that is:
Before a, the rough turn cylindrical of hot-rolled steel, carry out modifier treatment;
Between b, rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging processing;
After c, fine turning outer circle, carry out surface induction hardening, tempering.
Wherein, in thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 830 ± 5 ℃, is incubated 180 minutes, then carries out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium quenching is 12%PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 640 ± 5 ℃, is incubated 210 minutes, take out hot-rolled steel and be cooled to room temperature.
In thermal treatment b, the temperature that high-temperature aging is processed is 570 ℃, and soaking time is 180 minutes.
In thermal treatment c, (1) surface induction hardening: through quenching inducer heating, Heating temperature is 860 ℃ by hot-rolled steel; The frequency of quenching inducer is 5700Hz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: Heating temperature is 150 ± 5 ℃, soaking time 180 minutes, is cooled to room temperature after then taking out.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of quenching inducer, as shown in figure 20, quenching inducer comprises two circle series connection and the identical heating collars and two contact plates that are connected with heating collar of current direction, two contact plates are all connected with same heating collar, two circle heating collars are respectively: heating collar A3 and heating collar B4, and two contact plates are respectively contact plate A2 and contact plate B5; Heating collar A3 and heating collar B4 upper end are provided with gap, and between the two ends in two gaps, by axial cross structure 6 and 7 cross connections of inclination cross structure, wherein axially cross structure 6 is parallel with heating collar central axis.Like this, the flow direction of electric current is: contact plate A2-heating collar A3-axial cross structure 6-heating collar B4-inclination cross structure 7-heating collar A3-contact plate B5.The equal diameters of two circle heating collars, its slightly larger in diameter is in ball-screw diameter, cooling tube 1 cylindraceous is all set on two contact plates, cooling tube 1 one end is connected with contact plate, the other end exceeds contact plate edge 5-6 centimetre, and be connected with the output terminal of stator cooling water system, because stator cooling water system belongs to, this area engineering technical personnel know, therefore repeat no more.The width of heating collar is 1.5-2.5 centimetre, can be according to the width that heating collar need to be set of heated parts.The screw being fixed is set on contact plate, utilizes bolt contact plate is fixed and be connected with transformer output terminal.
Contact plate is connected with the output terminal of transformer, ball-screw, through heating collar, after guaranteeing that inductor block installation is stable, is opened to transformer switch, to heating collar, pass into electric current, utilize magnetic field induction eddy heating for heating principle to leading screw hard surfacing, when passing into electric current to heating collar, electric current produces magnetic field by heating collar, in magnetic field, magnetic line of force passes through ball-screw, can heat ball-screw, due to axial cross structure 6 and inclination cross structure 7 formation three-dimensional circular arranged in a crossed manner inductor block, electric current produces magnetic field by heating collar, connect between two heating collars the cross-field that axially cross structure 6 and inclination cross structure 7 produce and form a stereo Magnetic-field around ball-screw, by changing the length of axial cross structure 6 and angle that axially cross structure 6 and inclination cross structure 7 intersect, adjust the distance between adjacent two circle heating collars, thereby change uniformity coefficient and the three-dimensional distribution situation in magnetic field, meet the heating needs of different workpieces, can make like this ball-screw heating reach good effect.The magnetic field solid producing due to induced current in inductor block is distributed in heated object around, and heated object is heated evenly, and has improved heating efficiency, reduce the superheated susceptivity of sharp corner, the floor height hard area of hardening is darker, and the leading screw that is applicable to Che Sihou quenches, and improves working (machining) efficiency.
Our company produces a collection of GD80(ball-screw nominal diameter) * 12(pitch) * 5500(total length) and ball-screw, amount to 60.Elementary composition according to above-mentioned ball-screw by steel, entrusts an iron and steel enterprise to produce, and requires steel enterprise to adopt electric arc furnace to add vacuum refinement method and smelts, and is rolled into 90 millimeters of diameters, the round steel that length is 6000 millimeters.Through sampling inspection, round steel chemical composition (weight percent) meets the requirement of steel component regulation in embodiment 2.
According to above-mentioned ball-screw complete processing, round steel is processed.The course of processing detects hot-rolled steel.
One, modifier treatment:
(1) after quenching, steel metallographic structure observation
After quenching, the in the situation that of 100 times and 500 times of amplifications, the metallographic structure of observation steel, as shown in Figure 8, is organized as lath martensite and adds a small amount of residual austenite body tissue.Under 100 times, observe (Fig. 8 (a)), in steel, occurred the banded ferritic structure of obvious white, rank do not exceed standard (≤2 grades).Under 500 times, observe (Fig. 8 (b)), the lath martensite that is organized as after quenching adds a small amount of remnants body tissue difficult to understand.
(2) after quenching, sampling is carried out to Rockwell hardness detection to 5 steel, result is as shown in table 3.
The Rockwell hardness of table 3 steel qtenched sample
From the data of table 3, Rockwell hardness mean value is 60.8HRC, belongs to normal quenching structure hardness.
(3) after modifier treatment, observing the metallographic structure of steel, as shown in Figure 9 (c), is tempered sorbite tissue, by GB the 4th group of grading figure of T13320-91 be assessed as 1.5 grades.Under 100 times and 200 times, observe (as Figure 10 (a) and (b)), can see dark banded structure, similar with the white ribbon in quenching structure.
(4) steel after modifier treatment is carried out to Brinell hardness detection, result is as shown in table 4.
Brinell hardness after the modifier treatment of table 4 steel
From the data of table 2, Brinell hardness mean value is 246 HBS, and hardness is qualified.
(5) the CCT curve of steel test:
As shown in figure 10, CCT curve test process describes in detail CCT curve: sample is heated to 950 ℃, is incubated to complete austenitizing.Then, adopt hot modeling test machine (Gleeble1500D type) and speed of cooling to be respectively the phase change expansion curve that 50,30,10,5,4,3,2,1,0.8,0.7,0.5,0.3 ℃/s has measured steel, make the CCT curve of sample.By CCT curve, can find out: the selected processing parameter of modifier treatment is rational.
Two, thermal treatment for the second time, medium carbon Cr-Mo steel leading screw high-temperature aging treatment process curve is as Figure 11, and the object that high-temperature aging is processed, is mainly the internal stress of eliminating in material, reduces the distortion of ball-screw while quenching.
Three, thermal treatment for the third time, i.e. induced surface hardening (threaded portion), tempering, concrete technology parameter is 900 ℃ of quenching temperatures, workpiece movable speed 300mm/min, heat-eliminating medium concentration is 8-10%PAG, pressure 0.2MPa, 20 ℃ of temperature; Induction heating equipment of medium frequency (quenching inducer), frequency 3100Hz, voltage 382V, electric current 287A, power 163KW; Tempering process parameters is 160 ℃ of Heating temperatures, soaking time 240 minutes, the air cooling of then coming out of the stove.Hardness after surface induction hardening, tempering is HRC59.5-61, and 5.5 grades of metallographic structure martensites are qualified, 7.0 millimeters of case depths, and indices meets the technical requirements of this batch of workpiece pattern.After surface induction hardening, tempering, (500 times are enlarged into Figure 12 (a) as shown in figure 12 in top layer metallographic structure, 100 times are enlarged into Figure 12 (b)), (500 times are enlarged into Figure 13 (a) as shown in figure 13 in zone of transition metallographic structure, 100 times are enlarged into Figure 13 (b)), induction quenching leading screw microhardness distribution graphic representation is as shown in figure 14.
Embodiment 3
The embodiment of the present invention 3 provides a kind of ball-screw steel, component by following weight percent forms: carbon 0.57%, element silicon 0.13%, manganese element 0.85%, phosphoric 0.035%, element sulphur 0.035%, chromium element 0.80%, molybdenum element 0.20%, v element 0.06%, nickel element 0.32% and copper 0.27%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The embodiment of the present invention 3 also provides a kind of complete processing of above-mentioned steel processing ball-screw that adopts to be:
Heat is pricked steel-modifier treatment, the processing of alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
Wherein, complete processing only comprises above-mentioned three thermal treatments, that is:
Before a, the rough turn cylindrical of hot-rolled steel, carry out modifier treatment;
Between b, rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging processing;
After c, fine turning outer circle, carry out surface induction hardening, tempering.
Wherein, in thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 845 ± 5 ℃, is incubated 238 minutes, then carries out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium quenching is 10%PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 680 ± 5 ℃, is incubated 300 minutes, take out hot-rolled steel and be cooled to room temperature.
In thermal treatment b, the temperature that high-temperature aging is processed is 550 ℃, and soaking time is 180 minutes.
In thermal treatment c, (1) surface induction hardening: through quenching inducer heating, Heating temperature is 880 ℃ by hot-rolled steel; The frequency of quenching inducer is 6800Hz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: Heating temperature is 170 ± 5 ℃, soaking time 240 minutes, is cooled to room temperature after then taking out.
Wherein, quenching inducer is identical with the structure of quenching inducer in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
The embodiment of the present invention 4 provides a kind of ball-screw steel, component by following weight percent forms: carbon 0.54%, element silicon 0.36%, manganese element 0.75%, phosphoric 0.030%, element sulphur 0.029%, chromium element 0.91%, molybdenum element 0.25%, v element 0.08%, nickel element 0.27% and copper 0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The embodiment of the present invention 4 also provides a kind of complete processing of above-mentioned steel processing ball-screw that adopts to be:
Heat is pricked steel-modifier treatment, the processing of alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
Wherein, complete processing only comprises above-mentioned three thermal treatments, that is:
Before a, the rough turn cylindrical of hot-rolled steel, carry out modifier treatment;
Between b, rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging processing;
After c, fine turning outer circle, carry out surface induction hardening, tempering.
Wherein, in thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 850 ± 5 ℃, is incubated 300 minutes, then carries out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium quenching is 10%PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 680 ± 5 ℃, is incubated 360 minutes, take out hot-rolled steel and be cooled to room temperature.
In thermal treatment b, the temperature that high-temperature aging is processed is 580 ℃, and soaking time is 360 minutes.
In thermal treatment c, (1) surface induction hardening: through quenching inducer heating, Heating temperature is 870 ℃ by hot-rolled steel; The frequency of quenching inducer is 8900Hz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: Heating temperature is 180 ± 5 ℃, soaking time 360 minutes, is cooled to room temperature after then taking out.
Wherein, quenching inducer is identical with the structure of quenching inducer in embodiment 2.
Embodiment 5
The embodiment of the present invention 5 provides a kind of ball-screw steel, component by following weight percent forms: carbon 0.52%, element silicon 0.23%, manganese element 0.95%, phosphoric 0.010%, element sulphur 0.04%, chromium element 3.10%, molybdenum element 0.22%, v element 0.31%, nickel element 0.25% and copper 0.23%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The embodiment of the present invention 5 also provides a kind of complete processing of above-mentioned steel processing ball-screw that adopts to be:
Heat is pricked steel-modifier treatment, the processing of alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
Wherein, complete processing only comprises above-mentioned three thermal treatments, that is:
Before a, the rough turn cylindrical of hot-rolled steel, carry out modifier treatment;
Between b, rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging processing;
After c, fine turning outer circle, carry out surface induction hardening, tempering.
Wherein, in thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 810 ± 5 ℃, is incubated 150 minutes, then carries out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium quenching is 12%PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 600 ± 5 ℃, is incubated 300 minutes, take out hot-rolled steel and be cooled to room temperature.
In thermal treatment b, the temperature that high-temperature aging is processed is 570 ℃, and soaking time is 300 minutes.
In thermal treatment c, (1) surface induction hardening: through quenching inducer heating, Heating temperature is 880 ± 5 ℃ by hot-rolled steel; The frequency of quenching inducer is 2000Hz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: Heating temperature is 170 ± 5 ℃, soaking time 330 minutes, is cooled to room temperature after then taking out.
Wherein, quenching inducer is identical with the structure of quenching inducer in embodiment 2.
Simultaneous test
(1) wear resisting property contrast
The ball-screw of making according to the steel of embodiment 1-5 and the ball-screw of traditional GCr15 steel making, linear reciprocation metal to-metal contact under the condition of load 50N, thread mm, friction velocity 1mm/s and fraction time 3h, compare its wear resisting property, comparing result as shown in figure 15.Wherein, the wear resistance numerical value of the steel ball leading screw that embodiment 1-5 makes is averaged, and as shown in Figure 15 (a) shows, the friction curve figure of the ball-screw of traditional GCr15 steel making is as 15(b for result) as shown in.Both wear morphologies as shown in figure 16.Wherein, Figure 16 (a) is the wear morphology of the ball-screw of embodiment 1 making; Figure 16 (b) is the wear morphology of the ball-screw of traditional GCr15 steel making.
By Figure 15 (a) with 15(b), can find out: in initial one hour, the frictional coefficient of steel of the present invention is that after the frictional coefficient of 0.61, GCr15 steel is 0.65, one hour, frictional coefficient reaches unanimity gradually, is all 0.7.Visible bi-material is in the situation that hardness approaches, and its dry friction coefficient does not have too large difference.
By Figure 16 (a) and 16(b) two sample wear surfaces all there is not wearing and tearing viscous deformation phenomenon, find that GCr15 steel wear surface ditch dug with a plow is relatively dark, and steel material surface ditch dug with a plow of the present invention is relatively shallow.
(2) CCT curve comparison:
By Figure 17 (a) and Figure 17 (b), can be found out: on the one hand, the austenitizing temperature of steel of the present invention is lower 95 ℃ than GCr15 steel, easier complete austenitizing; On the other hand, the Ms of steel of the present invention point is higher than GCr15 steel, and more the generation martensitic transformation of morning, obtains more martensite, reduces the quantity of residual austenite.Therefore, medium carbon Cr-Mo steel does not need to carry out ice-cold processing.
(3) hardness contrast:
Hardness curve contrast from Figure 18 (a) and Figure 18 (b): the depth of hardening zone of steel of the present invention is much larger than GCr15 steel, and there is no surface hardness bowing phenomena, GCr15 occurs that surface hardness is low, and reason is that surperficial residual austenite content is high, after therefore quenching, will carry out ice-cold processing.Wherein, Figure 18 (a) obtains the graphic representation of the hardness mean value of steel for embodiment of the present invention 1-5.
To sum up, from the performance comparison of embodiment and ball-screw, the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, by adding Mo, V alloy element and adjusting other alloying element content, improves heat treating method, has overcome the deficiency that original GCr15 steel making ball-screw exists.The hardening capacity of steel of the present invention is very good, easily obtains darker quench-hardened case, is particularly suitable for manufacturing larger diameter, the ball-screw of big steel ball; Little because of this material surface quenching strain again, working (machining) efficiency is high, is particularly suitable for manufacturing high-precision ball-screw.Our company was used this materials processing ball-screw in recent years, had obtained good economic benefit.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the steel for ball-screw processing, it is characterized in that, described steel is comprised of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.52%～0.61%, element silicon 0.13%～0.37%, manganese element 0.72% ~ 1.03%, phosphoric≤0.040%, element sulphur≤0.040%, chromium element 0.70%～3.10%, molybdenum element 0.19% ~ 0.31%, v element 0.05% ~ 0.31%, nickel element≤0.33% and copper≤0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
2. the steel for ball-screw processing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steel is comprised of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.54%～0.59%, element silicon 0.15%～0.35%, manganese element 0.75% ~ 1.00%, phosphoric≤0.035%, element sulphur≤0.035%, chromium element 0.75%～1.05%, molybdenum element 0.20% ~ 0.30%, v element 0.06% ~ 0.11%, nickel element≤0.30% and copper≤0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
3. the steel for ball-screw processing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steel is comprised of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.57%～0.61%, element silicon 0.13%～0.33%, manganese element 0.81% ~ 0.91%, phosphoric 0.030%～0.040%, element sulphur 0.030%～0.040%, chromium element 0.70%～0.90%, molybdenum element 0.19% ~ 0.21%, v element 0.06% ~ 0.07%, nickel element≤0.33% and copper 0.26% ~ 0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
4. the steel for ball-screw processing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steel is comprised of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.52～0.57%, element silicon 0.36%～0.37%, manganese element 0.72% ~ 1.03%, phosphoric 0.020%～0.040%, element sulphur 0.018% ~ 0.040%, chromium element 0.75%～1.10%, molybdenum element 0.21% ~ 0.31%, v element 0.06% ~ 0.11%, nickel element 0.22% ~ 0.33% and copper 0.21% ~ 0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
5. the steel for ball-screw processing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steel is comprised of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.58%, element silicon 0.25%, manganese element 0.86%, phosphoric 0.035%, element sulphur 0.029%, chromium element 0.90%, molybdenum element 0.25%, v element 0.10%, nickel element 0.27% and copper 0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
6. a complete processing for the processing of the steel as described in claim 1-5 any one ball-screw, is characterized in that, described complete processing only comprises three thermal treatment:
Before a, the rough turn cylindrical of hot-rolled steel, carry out modifier treatment;
Between b, rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging processing;
After c, fine turning outer circle, carry out surface induction hardening, tempering;
Wherein, in described thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 810 ~ 850 ℃, soaking time 120-300 minute, then carry out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium of described quenching is machinery oil or PAG hardening liquid;
(2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 600-680 ℃, and soaking time 150-360 minute, takes out hot-rolled steel and be cooled to room temperature.
7. the complete processing of steel processing ball-screw according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the temperature that in described thermal treatment b, high-temperature aging is processed is 550-600 ℃, and soaking time is 180-360 minute.
8. according to the complete processing of the steel processing ball-screw described in claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that surface induction hardening, tempering in described thermal treatment c:
(1) surface induction hardening: through quenching inducer heating, Heating temperature is 860-900 ℃ by steel; The frequency of quenching inducer is 2-10kHz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid;
(2) tempering: Heating temperature is 150-180 ℃, soaking time 180-360 minute, after then taking out, air cooling is to room temperature.
9. the complete processing of steel according to claim 8 processing ball-screw, is characterized in that, described quenching inducer is: comprise some circles series connection and the identical heating collar of current direction, be provided with cross structure described in adjacent two circles between heating collar.
10. according to the complete processing of the steel processing ball-screw described in claim 1-9 any one, it is characterized in that, described complete processing is:
Heat is pricked steel-modifier treatment, the processing of alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104959791A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-10-07 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | Precise lead screw machining technology |
| CN105436824A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-03-30 | 湖南耐普泵业股份有限公司 | Machining method for sieve plate |
| CN108265172A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-07-10 | 河北工业职业技术学院 | A kind of medium carbon steel hot rolling leading screw burning optimization on line technique |
| CN111118260A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-08 | 江苏南钢通恒特材科技有限公司 | GCr15 heat treatment process |
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| JP2009121688A (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2009-06-04 | Nsk Ltd | Ball screw |
| CN102433503A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-05-02 | 江阴同庆机械制造有限公司 | Wind power flange alloy steel and preparation technology of parts thereof |
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| JP2009121688A (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2009-06-04 | Nsk Ltd | Ball screw |
| CN101230441A (en) * | 2008-02-21 | 2008-07-30 | 文宇 | Low-temperature impact resistant 42CrMoVNb steel for wind-power variable propeller and yaw bearing ring |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104959791A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-10-07 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | Precise lead screw machining technology |
| CN105436824A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-03-30 | 湖南耐普泵业股份有限公司 | Machining method for sieve plate |
| CN108265172A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-07-10 | 河北工业职业技术学院 | A kind of medium carbon steel hot rolling leading screw burning optimization on line technique |
| CN108265172B (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-12-24 | 河北工业职业技术学院 | Online heat treatment process for medium carbon steel hot-rolled lead screw |
| CN111118260A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-08 | 江苏南钢通恒特材科技有限公司 | GCr15 heat treatment process |
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