CN103993230B - A kind of ball-screw steel and ball-screw complete processing - Google Patents
A kind of ball-screw steel and ball-screw complete processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103993230B CN103993230B CN201410015301.1A CN201410015301A CN103993230B CN 103993230 B CN103993230 B CN 103993230B CN 201410015301 A CN201410015301 A CN 201410015301A CN 103993230 B CN103993230 B CN 103993230B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of steel for ball-screw processing and ball-screw complete processing, steel is made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.58%, element silicon 0.25%, manganese element 0.86%, phosphoric 0.035%, element sulphur 0.029%, chromium element 0.90%, molybdenum element 0.25%, v element 0.10%, nickel element 0.27% and copper 0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the complete processing that the invention provides a kind of novel material and ball-screw, the ball-screw processed, the deficiency that GCr15 material exists in the course of processing can be overcome completely, reduce Heat Treatment Distortion and grinding crack, improve working (machining) efficiency, improve the wear resistance of ball-screw and contact fatigue strength and work-ing life, achieve good economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the steel in field of mechanical technique, particularly a kind of ball-screw steel and ball-screw complete processing.
Background technology
The Rolling Components such as ball screw assembly, are the key parts of lathe and even numerical control device, directly affect the working accuracy of lathe in its precision and work-ing life, positioning precision.Therefore country takes out a large amount of foreign exchange every year, buys external high precision, large diameter ball screw assembly, meets the growing market requirement.
At present, domestic manufacturing concern adopts GCr15 bearing steel to manufacture the Rolling Components such as ball screw assembly.GCr15 bearing steel manufactures the processing route of ball-screw: starting material (heat pricks steel)-normalizing treatment-Spheroidizing Annealing (φ 63-φ 160) or nodularization modifier treatment (φ 16-φ 50), alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging process, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, ice-cold process, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
Due to the steel that GCr15 bearing steel is a kind of high-carbon, high Cr-containing alloy composition, find in use procedure for many years, it is less that this material makes following several problem: a. other alloying element content except Cr of ball-screw existence, the hardening capacity of steel has certain limitation, obtain darker quench-hardened case more difficult, be applicable to the leading screw doing medium-small diameter.B. quenching temperature superheated susceptivity is strong, and quenching structure martensite is easily thick, and residual austenite is many, reduces wear resistance and the contact fatigue strength of ball-screw.C. because high Cr easily forms the carbide tissue of not malleable, cause this material quenching strain large, cold machining process is not easily stablized, and surface accuracy is difficult to improve, and is difficult to make high-precision leading screw.D. machining stress is large, efficiency is low, particularly ground finish, often occurs grinding crack.So the complete processing of most of manufacturing enterprise is after first being quenched by round steel, adopts grinding or revolve milling, hard car method machining screw, to tackle screw mandrel quenching strain.
How improving the quality of domestic ball screw assembly, is emphasis of the present invention.According to the experience manufacturing ball-screw accumulation for many years, to the understanding of external ball-screw enterprise manufacturing technology, think that processing geometrical dimension, precision, processing mode and external gap are little; Should set about improving from starting material research and development and heat treating method, improve wear resistance and the contact fatigue strength of ball-screw, significantly improve its dimensional stability, ensure precision and the work-ing life of ball screw assembly.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve working accuracy and the work-ing life of ball screw assembly, the invention provides a kind of steel for ball-screw processing, described steel is made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.52% ~ 0.61%, element silicon 0.13% ~ 0.37%, manganese element 0.72% ~ 1.03%, phosphoric≤0.040%, element sulphur≤0.040%, chromium element 0.70% ~ 3.10%, molybdenum element 0.19% ~ 0.31%, v element 0.06 ~ 0.31%, nickel element≤0.33% and copper≤0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
Described steel can preferably be made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.54% ~ 0.59%, element silicon 0.15% ~ 0.35%, manganese element 0.75% ~ 1.00%, phosphoric≤0.035%, element sulphur≤0.035%, chromium element 0.75% ~ 1.05%, molybdenum element 0.20% ~ 0.30%, v element 0.06% ~ 0.10%, nickel element≤0.30% and copper≤0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
Described steel can also preferably be made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.57% ~ 0.61%, element silicon 0.13% ~ 0.33%, manganese element 0.81% ~ 0.91%, phosphoric 0.030% ~ 0.040%, element sulphur 0.030% ~ 0.040%, chromium element 0.70% ~ 0.90%, molybdenum element 0.19% ~ 0.21%, v element 0.06% ~ 0.07%, nickel element≤0.33% and copper 0.26% ~ 0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
Described steel can preferably be made up of the component of following weight percent again: carbon 0.52% ~ 0.57%, element silicon 0.36% ~ 0.37%, manganese element 0.72% ~ 1.03%, phosphoric 0.020% ~ 0.040%, element sulphur 0.018% ~ 0.040%, chromium element 0.75% ~ 1.10%, molybdenum element 0.21% ~ 0.31%, v element 0.06% ~ 0.11%, nickel element 0.22% ~ 0.33% and copper 0.21% ~ 0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
Described steel can preferably be made up of the component of following weight percent again: carbon 0.58%, element silicon 0.25%, manganese element 0.86%, phosphoric 0.035%, element sulphur 0.029%, chromium element 0.90%, molybdenum element 0.25%, v element 0.10%, nickel element 0.27% and copper 0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
In order to better realize foregoing invention object, present invention also offers the complete processing of a kind of steel processing ball-screw, described complete processing only comprises three thermal treatment:
Modifier treatment is carried out before the rough turn cylindrical of a, hot-rolled steel;
B, between rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging process;
Surface induction hardening, tempering is carried out after c, fine turning outer circle.
Wherein, in described thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 810-850 DEG C, soaking time 120-300 minute, then carries out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium of described quenching is machinery oil or PAG hardening liquid;
(2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 600-680 DEG C, soaking time 150-360 minute, takes out hot-rolled steel and is cooled to room temperature.
In described thermal treatment b, the temperature of high-temperature aging process is 550-600 DEG C, and soaking time is 180-360 minute.
Surface induction hardening, tempering in described thermal treatment c:
(1) surface induction hardening: hot-rolled steel is heated through quenching inducer, Heating temperature is 860-900 DEG C; The frequency of quenching inducer is 2-10kHz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid;
(2) tempering: Heating temperature is 150-180 DEG C, soaking time 180-360 minute, is cooled to room temperature after then taking out.
Wherein, described quenching inducer is: comprise the series connection of some circles and the identical heating collar of current direction, be provided with cross structure described in adjacent two circles between heating collar.
Preferably, described quenching inducer comprises two circles series connection and the identical heating collar of current direction and heating collar A and heating collar B, and two contact plate A and contact plate B be connected with heating collar A and heating collar B respectively; Axial cross structure is provided with between heating collar, described axial cross structure and described heating collar centerline axis parallel described in two circles.
Bottom heating collar described in two circles, corresponding position is provided with gap, the two ends in the gap of described heating collar A are connected with described contact plate A and described axial cross structure respectively, and the two ends in the gap of described heating collar B are connected with described axial cross structure and described contact plate B respectively.
Described in two circles, heating collar is positioned on same central axis.
The equal diameters of heating collar described in two circles, and slightly larger than ball-screw diameter; Described in two circles, the width of heating collar is 1.5-2.5 centimetre.
Two described contact plates are all arranged cylindric cooling tube, described cooling tube one end is connected with described contact plate, and the other end exceeds described contact plate 5-6 centimetre, and is connected with the output terminal of Stator Condense Water System.
Two described contact plates are provided with screw, and described contact plate is by be bolted in frame and to be connected with transformer output terminal through described screw.
Preferably, quenching inducer comprises two circles series connection and the identical heating collar of current direction and heating collar A and heating collar B, and two all with the contact plate of connecting bottom same described heating collar and contact plate A and contact plate B.
Described heating collar A and described heating collar B upper end are provided with gap, and the two ends in two described gaps are by axial cross structure and the cross connection of inclination cross structure.
Described axial cross structure and described heating collar centerline axis parallel.
Described in two circles, heating collar is positioned on same central axis.
The equal diameters of heating collar described in two circles, and slightly larger than ball-screw diameter; The width of heating collar is 1.5-2.5 centimetre.
Two described contact plates are all arranged cylindric cooling tube, described cooling tube one end is connected with described contact plate, and the other end exceeds described contact plate 5-6 centimetre, and is connected with the output terminal of Stator Condense Water System.
Two described contact plates are provided with screw, and described contact plate is by be bolted in frame and to be connected with transformer output terminal through described screw.
In order to better realize foregoing invention object, present invention also offers a kind of complete processing of described steel processing ball-screw:
Heat pricks steel-modifier treatment, alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging process, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
The beneficial effect that the technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides is brought is: the invention provides a kind of novel material, and combine the complete processing that the invention provides ball-screw, the ball-screw processed, the deficiency that GCr15 material exists in the course of processing can be overcome completely, reduce Heat Treatment Distortion and grinding crack, improve working (machining) efficiency, improve the wear resistance of ball-screw and contact fatigue strength and work-ing life, achieve good economic benefit and social benefit; Wherein, the magnetic field solid that in inductor block, induced current produces is distributed in around heated object, and heated object is heated evenly, improve heating efficiency, reduce the superheated susceptivity of sharp corner, floor height hard area of hardening is darker, be applicable to the leading screw quenching of Che Sihou, improve working (machining) efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure observation figure of the rear steel of quenching in first time thermal treatment in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure observation figure of steel after first time thermal treatment in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the CCT curve figure of steel in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is the process curve figure in the embodiment of the present invention 1 after second time thermal treatment.
Fig. 5 is the top layer metallographic structure observation figure of leading screw after third time thermal treatment in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 6 is the zone of transition metallographic structure observation figure of leading screw after third time thermal treatment in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 7 is leading screw microhardness distribution graphic representation after quenching in third time thermal treatment in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 8 is the metallographic structure observation figure of the rear steel of quenching in modifier treatment in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 9 is the metallographic structure observation figure of steel after modifier treatment in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 10 is the CCT curve figure of steel in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 11 is the process curve figure of high-temperature aging process in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 12 is the top layer metallographic structure observation figure of leading screw after third time thermal treatment in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 13 is the zone of transition metallographic structure observation figure of leading screw after third time thermal treatment in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 14 is leading screw microhardness distribution graphic representation after quenching in third time thermal treatment in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 15 is the friction curve figure of ball-screw in simultaneous test.
Figure 16 is the wear morphology figure of ball screw in simultaneous test.
Figure 17 is the CCT curve figure of steel in simultaneous test.
Figure 18 is the hardness profile of ball-screw in simultaneous test.
Figure 19 is the structural representation of quenching inducer in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Figure 20 is the structural representation of quenching inducer in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Wherein, 1, cooling tube; 2, contact plate A; 3, heating collar A; 4, heating collar B; 5, contact plate B; 6, axial cross structure; 7, inclination cross structure.
Embodiment
For the deficiency that GCr15 material exists in processing ball-screw process, the invention provides a kind of Novel steel material (also known as medium carbon Cr-Mo steel in specification sheets of the present invention) for processing ball-screw, and use the complete processing of Novel steel materials processing ball-screw.
Wherein, three thermal treatment is only needed when utilizing novel material of the present invention to process ball-screw:
First time thermal treatment: carry out modifier treatment before starting material (hot-rolled steel) rough turn cylindrical, quenching technology specification is Heating temperature 810 ~ 850 DEG C, soaking time 120-300min, soaking time is determined depending on diameter of work size, heat-eliminating medium is machinery oil or PAG hardening liquid, and tempering process specification is Heating temperature 600-680 DEG C, and soaking time is 150-360min, soaking time is determined depending on diameter of work size, air cooling of then coming out of the stove; Hardness 240-270HBS after modified, metallographic microstructure is sorbite, 1-3 level qualified (GB T13320-91 the 4th group of judge picture).
Second time thermal treatment: carry out high-temperature aging process between rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, mainly eliminate inner stress of work, prevent workpiece distortion, technological specification is Heating temperature 550-600 DEG C, and soaking time is 180-360min, air cooling of coming out of the stove;
Third time thermal treatment: carry out surface induction hardening, tempering after fine turning outer circle, technological specification is quenching temperature 860-900 DEG C, PAG cooling; Induction heating equipment of medium frequency frequency 2-10KHz.Tempering process specification is Heating temperature 150-180 DEG C, and soaking time is 180-360min, air cooling of then coming out of the stove.Hardness requirement HRC58-62 after surface induction hardening, tempering, metallographic structure martensite 3-7 level is qualified, case depth 3.5-13 millimeter.
Embodiment 1
The embodiment of the present invention 1 provides a kind of ball-screw steel, be made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.58%, element silicon 0.25%, manganese element 0.86%, phosphoric 0.035%, element sulphur 0.029%, chromium element 0.90%, molybdenum element 0.25%, v element 0.10%, nickel element 0.27% and copper 0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The embodiment of the present invention 1 additionally provides a kind of complete processing adopting above-mentioned steel to process ball-screw:
Heat pricks steel-modifier treatment, alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging process, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
Wherein, complete processing only comprises above-mentioned three thermal treatments, that is:
Modifier treatment is carried out before the rough turn cylindrical of a, hot-rolled steel;
B, between rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging process;
Surface induction hardening, tempering is carried out after c, fine turning outer circle.
In thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 820 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 120 minutes, then carries out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium of quenching is 10%PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 660 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 150 minutes, takes out hot-rolled steel and is cooled to room temperature.
In thermal treatment b, the temperature of high-temperature aging process is 600 ± 10 DEG C, and soaking time is 240 minutes.
In thermal treatment c, (1) surface induction hardening: hot-rolled steel is heated through quenching inducer, Heating temperature is 900 DEG C; The frequency of quenching inducer is 3100Hz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: Heating temperature is 160 DEG C, soaking time 180 minutes, is cooled to room temperature after then taking out.
Wherein, quenching is one of basic means that steel is strengthened, and steel is quenched to martensite, and tempering subsequently, to improve toughness, is the traditional method making steel obtain high comprehensive mechanical performance.The hard surfacing of ball-screw is one critical process in ball-screw manufacturing processed, and the height of quenching quality directly affects the inner quality of product, the wear resistance of leading screw, precision and work-ing life.Leading screw quenching inducer many employings single turn originally or two circle are connected circular inductor block, after quenching, inspection finds that at the bottom of microstructure silk top and silk, difference is very large, silk top martensitic stucture is thick, sometimes there is serious superheating phenomenon, in follow-up grinding process, occur crackle, cause leading screw to scrap, carry out leading screw quenching test, all not obtaining obvious improvement effect, therefore design, manufacture a kind of new pattern rolling ball leading screw quenching inducer, is the task of top priority.
Embodiments provide a kind of quenching inducer, as shown in figure 19, quenching inducer comprises two circles series connection and the identical heating collar of current direction and two contact plates be connected with heating collar, and two contact plates are connected with two heating collars respectively; Two circle heating collars are respectively: heating collar A3 and heating collar B4, and two contact plates are respectively contact plate A and contact plate B; Axial cross structure 6 is provided with, axial cross structure 6 and heating collar centerline axis parallel between two circle heating collars.Wherein, bottom heating collar A3 and heating collar B4, corresponding position is provided with gap, and the gap of heating collar A3 is connected with contact plate A and axial cross structure 6 respectively, and the gap of heating collar B4 is connected with axial cross structure 6 and contact plate B5 respectively.Like this, the flow direction of electric current is: contact plate A2-heating collar A3-cross structure-heating collar B4-contact plate B5.The equal diameters of two circle heating collars, its diameter is slightly larger than ball-screw diameter, two contact plates are arranged cylindric cooling tube 1, cooling tube 1 one end is connected with contact plate, the other end exceeds contact plate edge 5-6 centimetre, and be connected with the output terminal of Stator Condense Water System, because Stator Condense Water System belongs to, this area engineering technical personnel know, therefore repeat no more.The width of heating collar is 1.5-2.5 centimetre, can need the width arranging heating collar according to heated parts.Contact plate arranges the screw be fixed, utilizes bolt fixed by contact plate and be connected with transformer output terminal.
Contact plate is connected with the output terminal of transformer, by ball-screw through heating collar, after guaranteeing that inductor block installation is stable, open transformer switch, electric current is passed into heating collar, utilize magnetic field induction eddy heating for heating principle, when passing into electric current to heating collar, electric current produces magnetic field by heating collar, when in magnetic field, magnetic line of force passes through ball-screw, can heat ball-screw, after energising, heating collar produces the axial magnetic field parallel with ball-screw, cross structure produces the radial magnetic field axially vertical with ball-screw simultaneously, radial magnetic field and axial magnetic field form a stereo Magnetic-field around ball-screw, the distance between adjacent two circle heating collars is changed by change cross structure length, thus change the uniformity coefficient in magnetic field and three-dimensional distribution situation, meet the heating needs of different workpieces, ball-screw can be made like this to heat and to reach good effect.The magnetic field solid produced due to induced current in inductor block is distributed in around heated object, heated object is heated evenly, improves heating efficiency, reduce the superheated susceptivity of sharp corner, harden floor height hard area comparatively deeply, is applicable to the leading screw quenching of Che Sihou, improves working (machining) efficiency.
Our company produces a collection of GD80(ball-screw nominal diameter) * 12(pitch) * 5800(total length) and ball-screw, amount to 40.According to the elementary composition of above-mentioned ball-screw steel, entrust an iron and steel enterprise to produce, require that steel is looked forward to adopting electric arc furnace to add vacuum refinement method and smelted, be rolled into diameter 90 millimeters, the round steel that length is 6000 millimeters.Through sampling inspection, round steel chemical composition (weight percent) meets the requirement that in embodiment 1, steel component specifies.
According to above-mentioned ball-screw complete processing, round steel is processed.The course of processing detects hot-rolled steel.
One, modifier treatment:
(1), after quenching, steel metallographic structure is observed
After quenching, when 100 times and 200 times amplify, the metallographic structure of observation steel, as shown in Fig. 1 (a) He (b), is organized as lath martensite and adds a small amount of residual austenite body tissue.Under 100 times, observe (Fig. 1 (a)), occurred obvious white band columnar ferrite tissue in steel, rank does not exceed standard (≤2 grades).Under 200 times, observe (Fig. 1 (b)), the lath martensite that is organized as after quenching adds a small amount of remaining body tissue difficult to understand.
(2), after quenching, carry out Rockwell hardness detection to 5 sampling steel, result is as shown in table 1.
The Rockwell hardness of table 1 steel qtenched sample
From the data of table 1, Rockwell hardness mean value is 60.2HRC, belongs to normal quenching structure hardness.
(3), after modifier treatment, observing the metallographic structure of steel, as shown in Figure 2 (c), is tempered sorbite tissue, by GB T13320-91 the 4th group of judge picture be assessed as 2 grades.Observe under 100 times and 200 times of amplification situations (being respectively Fig. 2 (a) and (b)), dark banded structure can be seen, similar with the white ribbon in quenching structure.
(4) carry out Brinell hardness detection to the steel after modifier treatment, result is as shown in table 2.
Brinell hardness after the modifier treatment of table 2 steel
From the data of table 2, Brinell hardness mean value is 246HBS, and hardness is qualified.
(5) the CCT curve test of steel:
As shown in Figure 3, CCT curve test process describes in detail CCT curve: sample is heated to 950 DEG C, is incubated to complete austenitizing.Then, adopt hot modeling test machine (Gleeble1500D type) and speed of cooling to be respectively the phase change expansion curve that 50,30,10,5,4,3,2,1,0.8,0.7,0.5,0.3 DEG C/s measures medium carbon Cr-Mo steel sample, make the CCT curve of sample.Can be found out by CCT curve: the processing parameter selected by modifier treatment is rational.
Two, second time thermal treatment, embodiment of the present invention leading screw high-temperature aging treatment process curve is as Fig. 4, and the object of high-temperature aging process, mainly eliminates the internal stress in material, reduce the distortion of ball-screw during quenching.
Three, third time thermal treatment, i.e. induced surface hardening, tempering, concrete technology parameter is quenching temperature 900 DEG C, workpiece movable speed 300mm/min, and heat-eliminating medium concentration is 8-10%PAG, pressure 0.2MPa, temperature 20 DEG C; Induction heating equipment of medium frequency (quenching inducer), frequency 3100Hz, voltage 382V, electric current 287A, power 163KW; Tempering process parameters is Heating temperature 160 DEG C, soaking time 240 minutes, air cooling of then coming out of the stove.Hardness after surface induction hardening, tempering is HRC59-61, and metallographic structure martensite 5.5 grades is qualified, case depth 7.2 millimeters, and indices meets the technical requirements of this batch of workpiece pattern.After surface induction hardening, tempering, (500 times are enlarged into Fig. 5 (a) as shown in Figure 5 in top layer metallographic structure, 100 times are enlarged into Fig. 5 (b)), (500 times are enlarged into Fig. 6 (a) as shown in Figure 6 in zone of transition metallographic structure, 100 times are enlarged into Fig. 6 (b)), induction quenching leading screw microhardness distribution graphic representation is as shown in Figure 7.
Embodiment 2
The embodiment of the present invention 2 provides a kind of ball-screw steel, be made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.61%, element silicon 0.33%, manganese element 0.88%, phosphoric 0.015%, element sulphur 0.035%, chromium element 0.90%, molybdenum element 0.31%, v element 0.10%, nickel element 0.31% and copper 0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The embodiment of the present invention 2 additionally provides a kind of complete processing adopting above-mentioned steel to process ball-screw:
Heat pricks steel-modifier treatment, alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging process, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
Wherein, complete processing only comprises above-mentioned three thermal treatments, that is:
Modifier treatment is carried out before the rough turn cylindrical of a, hot-rolled steel;
B, between rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging process;
Surface induction hardening, tempering is carried out after c, fine turning outer circle.
Wherein, in thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 830 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 180 minutes, then carries out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium of quenching is 12%PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 640 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 210 minutes, takes out hot-rolled steel and is cooled to room temperature.
In thermal treatment b, the temperature of high-temperature aging process is 570 DEG C, and soaking time is 180 minutes.
In thermal treatment c, (1) surface induction hardening: hot-rolled steel is heated through quenching inducer, Heating temperature is 860 DEG C; The frequency of quenching inducer is 5700Hz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: Heating temperature is 150 ± 5 DEG C, soaking time 180 minutes, is cooled to room temperature after then taking out.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of quenching inducer, as shown in figure 20, quenching inducer comprises two circles series connection and the identical heating collar of current direction and two contact plates be connected with heating collar, two contact plates are all connected with same heating collar, two circle heating collars are respectively: heating collar A3 and heating collar B4, and two contact plates are respectively contact plate A2 and contact plate B5; Heating collar A3 and heating collar B4 upper end are provided with gap, by axial cross structure 6 and inclination cross structure 7 cross connection between the two ends in two gaps, and wherein axial cross structure 6 and heating collar centerline axis parallel.Like this, the flow direction of electric current is: contact plate A2-heating collar A3-axial cross structure 6-heating collar B4-inclination cross structure 7-heating collar A3-contact plate B5.The equal diameters of two circle heating collars, its diameter is slightly larger than ball-screw diameter, two contact plates are all arranged cylindric cooling tube 1, cooling tube 1 one end is connected with contact plate, the other end exceeds contact plate edge 5-6 centimetre, and be connected with the output terminal of Stator Condense Water System, because Stator Condense Water System belongs to, this area engineering technical personnel know, therefore repeat no more.The width of heating collar is 1.5-2.5 centimetre, can need the width arranging heating collar according to heated parts.Contact plate arranges the screw be fixed, utilizes bolt fixed by contact plate and be connected with transformer output terminal.
Contact plate is connected with the output terminal of transformer, by ball-screw through heating collar, after guaranteeing that inductor block installation is stable, opens transformer switch, pass into electric current to heating collar, utilize magnetic field induction eddy heating for heating principle to leading screw hard surfacing, when passing into electric current to heating collar, electric current produces magnetic field by heating collar, when in magnetic field, magnetic line of force passes through ball-screw, can heat ball-screw, due to axial cross structure 6 and inclination cross structure 7 formation three-dimensional circular arranged in a crossed manner inductor block, electric current produces magnetic field by heating collar, connect the cross-field that between two heating collars, axial cross structure 6 and inclination cross structure 7 produce and form a stereo Magnetic-field around ball-screw, by the angle that the length and axial cross structure 6 that change axial cross structure 6 are intersected with inclination cross structure 7, adjust the distance between adjacent two circle heating collars, thus change the uniformity coefficient in magnetic field and three-dimensional distribution situation, meet the heating needs of different workpieces, ball-screw can be made like this to heat and to reach good effect.The magnetic field solid produced due to induced current in inductor block is distributed in around heated object, heated object is heated evenly, improves heating efficiency, reduce the superheated susceptivity of sharp corner, harden floor height hard area comparatively deeply, is applicable to the leading screw quenching of Che Sihou, improves working (machining) efficiency.
Our company produces a collection of GD80(ball-screw nominal diameter) * 12(pitch) * 5500(total length) and ball-screw, amount to 60.According to the elementary composition of above-mentioned ball-screw steel, entrust an iron and steel enterprise to produce, require that steel is looked forward to adopting electric arc furnace to add vacuum refinement method and smelted, be rolled into diameter 90 millimeters, the round steel that length is 6000 millimeters.Through sampling inspection, round steel chemical composition (weight percent) meets the requirement that in embodiment 2, steel component specifies.
According to above-mentioned ball-screw complete processing, round steel is processed.The course of processing detects hot-rolled steel.
One, modifier treatment:
(1), after quenching, steel metallographic structure is observed
After quenching, when 100 times and 500 times amplify, the metallographic structure of observation steel, as shown in Figure 8, is organized as lath martensite and adds a small amount of residual austenite body tissue.Under 100 times, observe (Fig. 8 (a)), occurred obvious white band columnar ferrite tissue in steel, rank does not exceed standard (≤2 grades).Under 500 times, observe (Fig. 8 (b)), the lath martensite that is organized as after quenching adds a small amount of remaining body tissue difficult to understand.
(2), after quenching, carry out Rockwell hardness detection to sampling to 5 steel, result is as shown in table 3.
The Rockwell hardness of table 3 steel qtenched sample
From the data of table 3, Rockwell hardness mean value is 60.8HRC, belongs to normal quenching structure hardness.
(3), after modifier treatment, observing the metallographic structure of steel, as shown in Figure 9 (c), is tempered sorbite tissue, by GB T13320-91 the 4th group of judge picture be assessed as 1.5 grades.Observe under 100 times and 200 times (as Fig. 9 (a) and (b)), dark banded structure can be seen, similar with the white ribbon in quenching structure.
(4) carry out Brinell hardness detection to the steel after modifier treatment, result is as shown in table 4.
Brinell hardness after the modifier treatment of table 4 steel
From the data of table 2, Brinell hardness mean value is 246HBS, and hardness is qualified.
(5) the CCT curve test of steel:
As shown in Figure 10, CCT curve test process describes in detail CCT curve: sample is heated to 950 DEG C, is incubated to complete austenitizing.Then, adopt hot modeling test machine (Gleeble1500D type) and speed of cooling to be respectively the phase change expansion curve that 50,30,10,5,4,3,2,1,0.8,0.7,0.5,0.3 DEG C/s measures steel, make the CCT curve of sample.Can be found out by CCT curve: the processing parameter selected by modifier treatment is rational.
Two, second time thermal treatment, medium carbon Cr-Mo steel leading screw high-temperature aging treatment process curve is as Figure 11, and the object of high-temperature aging process, mainly eliminates the internal stress in material, reduce the distortion of ball-screw during quenching.
Three, third time thermal treatment, i.e. induced surface hardening (threaded portion), tempering, concrete technology parameter is quenching temperature 900 DEG C, workpiece movable speed 300mm/min, and heat-eliminating medium concentration is 8-10%PAG, pressure 0.2MPa, temperature 20 DEG C; Induction heating equipment of medium frequency (quenching inducer), frequency 3100Hz, voltage 382V, electric current 287A, power 163KW; Tempering process parameters is Heating temperature 160 DEG C, soaking time 240 minutes, air cooling of then coming out of the stove.Hardness after surface induction hardening, tempering is HRC59.5-61, and metallographic structure martensite 5.5 grades is qualified, case depth 7.0 millimeters, and indices meets the technical requirements of this batch of workpiece pattern.After surface induction hardening, tempering, (500 times are enlarged into Figure 12 (a) as shown in figure 12 in top layer metallographic structure, 100 times are enlarged into Figure 12 (b)), (500 times are enlarged into Figure 13 (a) as shown in figure 13 in zone of transition metallographic structure, 100 times are enlarged into Figure 13 (b)), induction quenching leading screw microhardness distribution graphic representation is as shown in figure 14.
Embodiment 3
The embodiment of the present invention 3 provides a kind of ball-screw steel, be made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.57%, element silicon 0.13%, manganese element 0.85%, phosphoric 0.035%, element sulphur 0.035%, chromium element 0.80%, molybdenum element 0.20%, v element 0.06%, nickel element 0.32% and copper 0.27%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The embodiment of the present invention 3 additionally provides a kind of complete processing adopting above-mentioned steel to process ball-screw:
Heat pricks steel-modifier treatment, alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging process, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
Wherein, complete processing only comprises above-mentioned three thermal treatments, that is:
Modifier treatment is carried out before the rough turn cylindrical of a, hot-rolled steel;
B, between rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging process;
Surface induction hardening, tempering is carried out after c, fine turning outer circle.
Wherein, in thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 845 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 238 minutes, then carries out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium of quenching is 10%PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 680 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 300 minutes, takes out hot-rolled steel and is cooled to room temperature.
In thermal treatment b, the temperature of high-temperature aging process is 550 DEG C, and soaking time is 180 minutes.
In thermal treatment c, (1) surface induction hardening: hot-rolled steel is heated through quenching inducer, Heating temperature is 880 DEG C; The frequency of quenching inducer is 6800Hz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: Heating temperature is 170 ± 5 DEG C, soaking time 240 minutes, is cooled to room temperature after then taking out.
Wherein, quenching inducer is identical with the structure of the quenching inducer in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
The embodiment of the present invention 4 provides a kind of ball-screw steel, be made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.54%, element silicon 0.36%, manganese element 0.75%, phosphoric 0.030%, element sulphur 0.029%, chromium element 0.91%, molybdenum element 0.25%, v element 0.08%, nickel element 0.27% and copper 0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The embodiment of the present invention 4 additionally provides a kind of complete processing adopting above-mentioned steel to process ball-screw:
Heat pricks steel-modifier treatment, alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging process, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
Wherein, complete processing only comprises above-mentioned three thermal treatments, that is:
Modifier treatment is carried out before the rough turn cylindrical of a, hot-rolled steel;
B, between rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging process;
Surface induction hardening, tempering is carried out after c, fine turning outer circle.
Wherein, in thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 850 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 300 minutes, then carries out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium of quenching is 10%PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 680 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 360 minutes, takes out hot-rolled steel and is cooled to room temperature.
In thermal treatment b, the temperature of high-temperature aging process is 580 DEG C, and soaking time is 360 minutes.
In thermal treatment c, (1) surface induction hardening: hot-rolled steel is heated through quenching inducer, Heating temperature is 870 DEG C; The frequency of quenching inducer is 8900Hz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: Heating temperature is 180 ± 5 DEG C, soaking time 360 minutes, is cooled to room temperature after then taking out.
Wherein, quenching inducer is identical with the structure of the quenching inducer in embodiment 2.
Embodiment 5
The embodiment of the present invention 5 provides a kind of ball-screw steel, be made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.52%, element silicon 0.23%, manganese element 0.95%, phosphoric 0.010%, element sulphur 0.04%, chromium element 3.10%, molybdenum element 0.22%, v element 0.31%, nickel element 0.25% and copper 0.23%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
The embodiment of the present invention 5 additionally provides a kind of complete processing adopting above-mentioned steel to process ball-screw:
Heat pricks steel-modifier treatment, alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging process, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
Wherein, complete processing only comprises above-mentioned three thermal treatments, that is:
Modifier treatment is carried out before the rough turn cylindrical of a, hot-rolled steel;
B, between rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging process;
Surface induction hardening, tempering is carried out after c, fine turning outer circle.
Wherein, in thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 810 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 150 minutes, then carries out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium of quenching is 12%PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 600 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 300 minutes, takes out hot-rolled steel and is cooled to room temperature.
In thermal treatment b, the temperature of high-temperature aging process is 570 DEG C, and soaking time is 300 minutes.
In thermal treatment c, (1) surface induction hardening: hot-rolled steel is heated through quenching inducer, Heating temperature is 880 ± 5 DEG C; The frequency of quenching inducer is 2000Hz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid; (2) tempering: Heating temperature is 170 ± 5 DEG C, soaking time 330 minutes, is cooled to room temperature after then taking out.
Wherein, quenching inducer is identical with the structure of the quenching inducer in embodiment 2.
Simultaneous test
(1) wear resisting property contrast
The ball-screw of the ball-screw made according to the steel of embodiment 1-5 and traditional GCr15 steel making, linear reciprocation metal to-metal contact under the condition of load 50N, thread mm, friction velocity 1mm/s and fraction time 3h, relatively its wear resisting property, comparing result as shown in figure 15.Wherein, the abrasion resistance value of the steel ball leading screw that embodiment 1-5 makes is averaged, and as shown in Figure 15 (a) shows, the friction curve figure of the ball-screw of traditional GCr15 steel making is as 15(b for result) shown in.Both wear morphologies as shown in figure 16.Wherein, the wear morphology of ball-screw that makes for embodiment 1 of Figure 16 (a); Figure 16 (b) is the wear morphology of the ball-screw of traditional GCr15 steel making.
By Figure 15 (a) and 15(b) can find out: in initial one hour, the frictional coefficient of steel of the present invention is the frictional coefficient of 0.61, GCr15 steel is that after 0.65, one hour, frictional coefficient reaches unanimity gradually, is all 0.7.Visible bi-material when hardness close to, its dry friction coefficient does not have too large difference.
By Figure 16 (a) and 16(b) all there is not wearing and tearing viscous deformation phenomenon in two sample wear surfaces, find that GCr15 steel wear surface ditch dug with a plow is relatively dark, and steel material surface ditch dug with a plow of the present invention is relatively shallow.
(2) CCT curve contrast:
Can be found out by Figure 17 (a) and Figure 17 (b): on the one hand, the austenitizing temperature of steel of the present invention is lower than GCr15 steel 95 DEG C, easier complete austenitizing; On the other hand, the Ms point of steel of the present invention, can generation martensitic transformation more early higher than GCr15 steel, obtains more martensite, reduces the quantity of residual austenite.Therefore, medium carbon Cr-Mo steel does not need to carry out ice-cold process.
(3) hardness balance:
Contrasted from Figure 18 (a) and the hardness curve of Figure 18 (b): the depth of hardening zone of steel of the present invention is much larger than GCr15 steel, and there is no surface hardness bowing phenomena, GCr15 occurs that surface hardness is low, and reason is that surface residual austenite content is high, therefore will carry out ice-cold process after quenching.Wherein, Figure 18 (a) obtains the graphic representation of the hardness mean value of steel for embodiment of the present invention 1-5.
To sum up, from the performance comparison of embodiment and ball-screw, the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, by adding Mo, V alloy element and adjusting other alloying element content, improves heat treating method, overcomes the deficiency that original GCr15 steel making ball-screw exists.The hardening capacity of steel of the present invention is very good, easily obtains darker quench-hardened case, is particularly suitable for manufacturing larger diameter, the ball-screw of big steel ball; Again because this material surface quenching strain is little, working (machining) efficiency is high, is particularly suitable for manufacturing high-precision ball-screw.Our company used this materials processing ball-screw in recent years, achieved good economic benefit.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the steel for ball-screw processing, it is characterized in that, described steel is made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.52% ~ 0.61%, element silicon 0.13% ~ 0.37%, manganese element 0.72% ~ 1.03%, phosphoric≤0.040%, element sulphur≤0.040%, chromium element 0.70% ~ 3.10%, molybdenum element 0.19% ~ 0.31%, v element 0.05% ~ 0.31%, nickel element≤0.33% and copper≤0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity;
The complete processing utilizing described steel to process ball-screw only comprises three thermal treatment:
Modifier treatment is carried out before the rough turn cylindrical of a, hot-rolled steel;
B, between rough turn cylindrical and fine turning outer circle, carry out high-temperature aging process;
Surface induction hardening, tempering is carried out after c, fine turning outer circle;
Wherein, in described thermal treatment a, modifier treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) quench: hot-rolled steel is heated to 810 ~ 850 DEG C, soaking time 120-300 minute, then carries out quench treatment; The heat-eliminating medium of described quenching is machinery oil or PAG hardening liquid;
(2) tempering: the hot-rolled steel after quenching is heated to 600-680 DEG C, soaking time 150-360 minute, takes out hot-rolled steel and is cooled to room temperature.
2. the steel for ball-screw processing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steel is made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.54% ~ 0.59%, element silicon 0.15% ~ 0.35%, manganese element 0.75% ~ 1.00%, phosphoric≤0.035%, element sulphur≤0.035%, chromium element 0.75% ~ 1.05%, molybdenum element 0.20% ~ 0.30%, v element 0.06% ~ 0.11%, nickel element≤0.30% and copper≤0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
3. the steel for ball-screw processing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steel is made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.57% ~ 0.61%, element silicon 0.13% ~ 0.33%, manganese element 0.81% ~ 0.91%, phosphoric 0.030% ~ 0.040%, element sulphur 0.030% ~ 0.040%, chromium element 0.70% ~ 0.90%, molybdenum element 0.19% ~ 0.21%, v element 0.06% ~ 0.07%, nickel element≤0.33% and copper 0.26% ~ 0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
4. the steel for ball-screw processing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steel is made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.52 ~ 0.57%, element silicon 0.36% ~ 0.37%, manganese element 0.72% ~ 1.03%, phosphoric 0.020% ~ 0.040%, element sulphur 0.018% ~ 0.040%, chromium element 0.75% ~ 1.10%, molybdenum element 0.21% ~ 0.31%, v element 0.06% ~ 0.11%, nickel element 0.22% ~ 0.33% and copper 0.21% ~ 0.28%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
5. the steel for ball-screw processing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steel is made up of the component of following weight percent: carbon 0.58%, element silicon 0.25%, manganese element 0.86%, phosphoric 0.035%, element sulphur 0.029%, chromium element 0.90%, molybdenum element 0.25%, v element 0.10%, nickel element 0.27% and copper 0.25%, and the ferro element of surplus and impurity.
6. the steel for ball-screw processing according to any one of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, in described thermal treatment b, the temperature of high-temperature aging process is 550-600 DEG C, and soaking time is 180-360 minute.
7. the steel for ball-screw processing according to any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that, surface induction hardening, tempering in described thermal treatment c:
(1) surface induction hardening: steel is heated through quenching inducer, Heating temperature is 860-900 DEG C; The frequency of quenching inducer is 2-10kHz; The heat-eliminating medium of surface induction hardening is PAG hardening liquid;
(2) tempering: Heating temperature is 150-180 DEG C, soaking time 180-360 minute, after then taking out, air cooling is to room temperature.
8. the steel for ball-screw processing according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described quenching inducer is: comprise the series connection of some circles and the identical heating collar of current direction, be provided with cross structure described in adjacent two circles between heating collar.
9. the complete processing of the steel processing ball-screw according to claim 1-8 any one, it is characterized in that, described complete processing is:
Hot-rolled steel-modifier treatment, alignment-rough turn cylindrical-high-temperature aging process, alignment-fine turning outer circle-surface induction hardening, tempering-cylindrical grinding-hard thread milling or grinding screw thread-assembling.
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| CN104959791A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-10-07 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | Precise lead screw machining technology |
| CN105436824A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-03-30 | 湖南耐普泵业股份有限公司 | Machining method for sieve plate |
| CN108265172B (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-12-24 | 河北工业职业技术学院 | Online heat treatment process for medium carbon steel hot-rolled lead screw |
| CN111118260A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-08 | 江苏南钢通恒特材科技有限公司 | GCr15 heat treatment process |
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| CN101230441A (en) * | 2008-02-21 | 2008-07-30 | 文宇 | Low-temperature impact resistant 42CrMoVNb steel for wind-power variable propeller and yaw bearing ring |
| JP2009121688A (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2009-06-04 | Nsk Ltd | Ball screw |
| CN102433503A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-05-02 | 江阴同庆机械制造有限公司 | Wind power flange alloy steel and preparation technology of parts thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2009121688A (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2009-06-04 | Nsk Ltd | Ball screw |
| CN101230441A (en) * | 2008-02-21 | 2008-07-30 | 文宇 | Low-temperature impact resistant 42CrMoVNb steel for wind-power variable propeller and yaw bearing ring |
| CN102433503A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-05-02 | 江阴同庆机械制造有限公司 | Wind power flange alloy steel and preparation technology of parts thereof |
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