CN117700857A - 一种高稳定二硅化钼导电pptc材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高稳定二硅化钼导电pptc材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 101000669528 Homo sapiens Tachykinin-4 Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- OKUGPJPKMAEJOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N S-propyl dipropylcarbamothioate Chemical compound CCCSC(=O)N(CCC)CCC OKUGPJPKMAEJOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 102100039365 Tachykinin-4 Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910021344 molybdenum silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QYMGIIIPAFAFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;ethene Chemical compound C=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QYMGIIIPAFAFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006245 ethylene-butyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006244 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006225 ethylene-methyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QSRJVOOOWGXUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoyloxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 QSRJVOOOWGXUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FIYMNUNPPYABMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-chloro-1h-indole Chemical compound C=1C2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 FIYMNUNPPYABMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZRWFKGUFWPFID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,9-dioctadecoxy-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound C1OP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCC21COP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC2 PZRWFKGUFWPFID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GSECCTDWEGTEBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylperoxycyclohexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC1CCCCC1 GSECCTDWEGTEBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/001—Conductive additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高稳定二硅化钼导电PPTC材料,包括以下质量份的原料:高分子聚合物100份、导电填料450~800份、聚乙烯蜡润滑剂1~5份及硅化三钼10~50份;所述导电填料为二硅化钼粉末,或者二硅化钼粉末与导电石墨粉或/和导电陶瓷粉的混合物。本发明的二硅化钼导电PPTC材料具有低电阻、稳定、易于加工等优点,能够应用于过流保护及温敏传感器等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子基PTC复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种高稳定二硅化钼导电PPTC材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着电子行业的快速发展,高分子基PTC材料作为电路保护元件串联于负荷电路中逐渐成为主流。高分子基PTC复合材料是一种特殊设计的高分子复合导体,具有在较高温度下减小或切断电流,达到控温,保温或者对系统起保护作用,具有热敏材料特性,材料的电阻率能够随温度升高而升高,或者材料的电导率能够随温度的升高而降低,正常工作电流状态下PTC保护元件呈低阻状态,一旦出现故障,此时PTC元件的电阻自热迅速增大,迫使电流迅速下降。
具有正温度系数特性的聚合物导电复合材料(PPTC)对电流和温度具有快速的响应,其广泛用于电路保护。在常温条件下,电阻处于低电阻状态,但电路发生过电流或过温时,其电阻会以毫秒级速度从低电阻转换到高电阻状态(高电阻/低电阻的对数比为4以上,其也称为PPTC强度),电压全部加载到PPTC上,从而到达保护电路元件的目的。
在目前过流保护领域,低PTC强度、循环稳定性差和NTC效应等问题已经成为阻碍该领域发展的重要问题。
PTC材料由一种或一种以上具有结晶特性的高分子材料、导电填料和非导电填料组成。填料均匀分散在高分子材料中。高分子材料通常为聚烯烃(如:聚乙烯)、含氟聚烯烃(如:聚偏氟乙烯)等;导电填料常为导电炭材料(导电炭黑、石墨烯粉、碳纳米管微粉等)、金属粉末(如:铜、镍等)或导电陶瓷粉末(如:过渡金属碳化物、过渡金属碳硅化物、过渡金属碳铝化物和过渡金属碳锡化物,最常用的是碳化钛或碳化钨)。
但是,炭黑体系的PPTC材料常温电阻极大,相同添加比例下导电炭黑的电阻是碳化钨的3~10倍,而且导电炭黑添加量不能太少,有一定的局限性。金属作为导电填料时,相对碳系导电填料,具有优异的导电能力,在制备CPCs时具有独特的优势。然而在实际制备使用过程中,Au、Ag等贵重金属,虽然导电性良好,但价格昂贵,不利于大规模推广生产。Cu、Fe、Ni等容易损坏仪器设备,易被空气中的O2氧化。金属化合物,如碳化钨,其电阻很低,但其密度大,硬度大,容易氧化,在常温放置一段时间电阻会变高,因此必须用三防漆(coating)来防护,施工特别麻烦;这种结构由于很难在制备过程中保证材料的均匀性,较低的室温电阻需要大量的导电填料也不利于基底的稳定性能,PTC强度不高,且NTC现象往往难以完全消除等一系列问题使得其在过流保护领域受限。
二硅化钼陶瓷粉体是钼的硅化合物,一种灰色粉末,化学分子式为:MoSi2,分子量为154,密度6.3g/cm3,热膨胀系数为:5.1×10-6K-1,电阻率仅为21×10-6Ω.cm。但是,二硅化钼在低温下容易氧化,尤其是400℃以上会加速氧化,因此尚未有文献应用在PPTC材料中;而在温度超过800时会发生氧化反应,表面是具有自我修复能力的硅的氧化物致密,形成连续的玻璃薄层,隔离氧气和二硅化钼的进一步接触,防止进一步氧化,所以二硅化钼通常应用于高温抗氧化涂层材料、电加热元件、集成电极薄膜、结构材料、复合材料的增强剂、耐磨材料、结构陶瓷的连接材料等领域。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种高稳定二硅化钼导电PPTC材料及其制备方法,该二硅化钼导电PPTC材料具有低电阻、稳定、易于加工等优点,能够应用于过流保护及温敏传感器等领域。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现:
本发明的一种高稳定二硅化钼导电PPTC材料,其特征在于,包括以下质量份的原料:高分子聚合物100份、导电填料450~800份、聚乙烯蜡润滑剂1~5份及硅化三钼10~50份;所述导电填料为二硅化钼粉,或者二硅化钼粉与导电石墨粉或/和导电陶瓷粉的混合物;
所述高分子聚合物为结晶性或半结晶性的聚烯烃、乙烯-酯类共聚物、含氟聚合物中的一种多两种以上;所述聚烯烃为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、或乙烯和丙烯共聚物;所述乙烯-酯类共聚物为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物或乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物;所述含氟聚合物为聚偏氟乙烯或乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物;优选为结晶性或半结晶性高密度聚乙烯;
所述导电填料的粒径为0.5~5μm;所述导电石墨为导电炭黑、石墨烯粉、碳纳米管微粉、导电陶瓷粉中的一种或几种;所述导电陶瓷粉为过渡金属碳化物、过渡金属碳硅化物、过渡金属碳铝化物和过渡金属碳锡化物中的至少一种。
优选地,本发明所述的一种二硅化钼导电PPTC材料,还包括:抗氧剂0.5~4份、交联助剂0.5~4份、加工助剂(如氟化聚烯烃树脂)0.1~3份中的一种或几种;
所述交联剂为有机过氧化物交联剂,优选为过氧化二异丙苯、叔丁基过氧化-2-乙基己基碳酸酯、1,1-二(叔丁基)过氧环己烷;
所述抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂、季戊四醇酯抗氧剂或亚磷酸酯抗氧剂中的至少一种,例如:抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂168、抗氧剂618、抗氧剂3010。
本发明所述的一种高稳定二硅化钼导电PPTC材料的制备方法,其特征在于,将所述高分子聚合物、导电填料、聚乙烯蜡润滑剂、硅化三钼以及其它助剂混合均匀,送入螺杆挤出机或真空混炼机中,在140~180℃下熔融混炼均匀,出料即可。
与现有技术相比,本发明的创新点主要表现如下:
本发明的高稳定二硅化钼导电PPTC材料,以二硅化钼为导电填料,虽然二硅化钼容易被氧化粉化,从而产生带有疏松或微裂纹的氧化物,但本发明的PPTC材料应用温度通常在160℃以下,此时二硅化钼的氧化性还较弱,将其包裹在高分子聚合物中并同时加入氧化保护剂硅化三钼,能够有效保护二硅化钼不被氧化;并且硅化三钼可以作为一种增强材料增加材料抗蠕变性能。
本发明的二硅化钼导电PPTC材料的原料来源广泛,制备方法简单可行,通过优化组分比例,所制备出的PPTC材料具有优异的PTC强度、低室温电阻和循环稳定性好的导电PPTC材料,能够较好地应用于电子器件的过流保护等领域,弥补了目前复合型PPTC材料所不具备的高PTC强度和循环稳定性能,且具有更高的耐压性质使其运用范围更加广泛。
具体实施方式
本技术领域的一般技术人员应当认识到本实施例仅是用来说明本发明,而并非用作对本发明的限定。
本发明的实施例中涉及的原料均为市售产品,其中,聚乙烯为中国石油化工集团有限公司生产的MH602高密度聚乙烯,结晶度为80%~90%,软化点为125~135℃;聚偏氟乙烯为上海三爱富PVDF FR901,熔点165~170℃;二硅化钼粉,粒径为0.5~5μm,秦皇岛一诺高新材料开发有限公司;抗氧剂为Irganox 245和抗氧剂168;加工助剂为广州源泰合成材料有限公司的YY-5031。
实施例1
将聚乙烯100份,二硅化钼粉600份,润滑剂聚乙烯蜡3份,交联剂过氧化二异丙苯2份,抗氧化剂1010为1份、导电填料稳定剂Mo3Si为20份,在小型混料设备中混合均匀,再送入180℃真空混炼机中混炼;混料机的转速设定为50rpm,在2min内完成进料,然后将转速提高到70rpm,继续混炼10min后出料,即可得到二硅化钼导电PPTC材料。
实施例2
将聚乙烯100份,二硅化钼粉700份,润滑剂聚乙烯蜡3份,交联剂过氧化二异丙苯2.5份,抗氧剂Irganox 245为0.8份、导电填料稳定剂Mo3Si为40份,在小型混料设备中混合均匀,再送入180℃真空混炼机中混炼;混料机的转速设定为50rpm,在2min内完成进料,然后将转速提高到70rpm,继续混炼10min后出料,即可得到二硅化钼导电PPTC材料。
对比例1
对比例1的导电填料稳定剂Mo3Si为0份,其余同实施例1。
对比例2
对比例2的导电填料稳定剂Mo3Si为0份,其余同实施例2。
实施例3
将聚乙烯100份、二硅化钼粉750份、润滑剂聚乙烯蜡3份、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯2.5份、抗氧剂Irganox 245为0.5份,抗氧化剂168为0.5份、导电填料稳定剂Mo3Si为30份,在小型混料设备中混合均匀,再送入170℃真空混炼机中混炼;混料机的转速设定为50rpm,在2.5min内完成进料,然后将转速提高到70rpm,继续混炼10min后出料,即可得到二硅化钼导电PPTC材料。
实施例4
导电填料为二硅化钼520份和石墨烯微粉80份,其余同实施例3。
实施例5
将聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)100份、二硅化钼粉520份和碳化钨微粉80份、润滑剂聚乙烯蜡2份、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯2份、抗氧化剂1010为2份、导电填料稳定剂Mo3Si为20份和加工助剂YY-5031为1份,在小型混料设备中混合均匀,再送入160℃混炼机中混炼;混料机的转速设定为50rpm,在3min内完成进料,然后将转速提高到80rpm,继续混炼10min后出料,即可得到所述的二硅化钼导电PPTC材料。
将实施例1~5和对比例1~2制得的二硅化钼导电PPTC材料,用于制作过电流保护电子元器件:将所述PPTC材料以对称的方式放入模具中,再将模具放入平板硫化机中,先在50Kg/cm2压力下预压3min,待温度平衡在180℃后排气,然后在100Kg/cm2压力下进行热压合4min;卸压下降得到PTC材料。
将该PTC材料层裁切成20cm×25cm的长方形,再将二片镀镍铜箔直接放在PTC材料的上下两侧;再置于平板硫化机中,于温度180℃、压力100Kg/cm2下压合4min;自动卸压后,再置于常温、压力100Kg/cm2条件下冷压4分钟;脱模后用模具冲片制成2mm×3mm的芯片。
采用无铅锡膏回流焊接的方式将芯片和两片镍电极片连接在一起制成片状的过流保护PTC热敏电阻器,其用于电阻、耐电压和耐电流测试。
将实施例1~4和对比例1~2制成的过流保护PTC热敏电阻器进行测试,采用四线法检测组装后的电阻,电阻率按如下公式计算得到:ρ=(RxS)/L,其中R是器件的电阻,S是器件PTC的有效面积,L是PTC的厚度。循环寿命测试采用循环寿命来完成,其参数如下,Number ofCycles为1000次,TestVoltage为8V,Test Current为100A,Ontime为5S,Offtime为60S。每个实施例的测试样品为20片,测试后的平均结果列于表1。
表1实施例1-5与对比例1-2的测试结果
从表1可以看出,随着二硅化钼添加量增加,PPTC材料的初始电阻和循环1000次后电阻都会下降;但添加量不能太多,会降低PPTC材料的柔软性和韧性;添加硅化三钼Mo3Si作为氧化保护剂,则二硅化钼导电PPTC材料的初始电阻和循环1000次后电阻都比没有添加Mo3Si的大幅较低,证明了稳定剂Mo3Si有较好的协同作用,可以很好地防止二硅化钼被氧化。与实施例1相比,当添加少量石墨烯时,电阻和循环1000次后电阻率会略有上升;当添加少量碳化钨时,电阻略有下降,但由于碳化钨的氧化,循环1000次后电阻率会上升较多。
Claims (8)
1.一种高稳定二硅化钼导电PPTC材料,其特征在于,包括以下质量份的原料:高分子聚合物100份、导电填料450~800份、聚乙烯蜡润滑剂1~5份及硅化三钼10~50份;所述导电填料为二硅化钼粉末,或者二硅化钼粉末与导电石墨粉或/和导电陶瓷粉的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的二硅化钼导电PPTC材料,其特征在于,所述高分子聚合物为结晶性或半结晶性的聚烯烃、乙烯-酯类共聚物、含氟聚合物中的一种多两种以上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的二硅化钼导电PPTC材料,其特征在于,所述聚烯烃为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、或乙烯和丙烯共聚物;所述乙烯-酯类共聚物为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物或乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物;所述含氟聚合物为聚偏氟乙烯或乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物。
4.根据权利要求2所述的二硅化钼导电PPTC材料,其特征在于,所述高分子聚合物为结晶性或半结晶性高密度聚乙烯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的二硅化钼导电PPTC材料,其特征在于,所述导电填料的粒径为0.5~5μm;所述导电石墨为导电炭黑、石墨烯粉、碳纳米管微粉、导电陶瓷粉中的一种或几种;所述导电陶瓷粉为过渡金属碳化物、过渡金属碳硅化物、过渡金属碳铝化物和过渡金属碳锡化物中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的二硅化钼导电PPTC材料,其特征在于,还包括:抗氧剂0.5~4份、交联助剂0.5~4份、加工助剂0.1~3份中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的二硅化钼导电PPTC材料,其特征在于,所述交联剂为有机过氧化物交联剂;所述抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂、季戊四醇酯抗氧剂或亚磷酸酯抗氧剂中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的二硅化钼导电PPTC材料的制备方法,其特征在于,将所述高分子聚合物、导电填料、聚乙烯蜡润滑剂、硅化三钼以及其它助剂混合均匀,送入螺杆挤出机或真空混炼机中,在140~180℃下熔融混炼均匀,出料即可。
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