CN117662974A - Vapor cold screen system for large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank and working method thereof - Google Patents
Vapor cold screen system for large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117662974A CN117662974A CN202311640110.XA CN202311640110A CN117662974A CN 117662974 A CN117662974 A CN 117662974A CN 202311640110 A CN202311640110 A CN 202311640110A CN 117662974 A CN117662974 A CN 117662974A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 208
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vapor cold screen system for a large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank and a working method thereof, and relates to the technical field of low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage. The working method adopting the system disclosed by the invention can dynamically switch the operation mode of the vapor cold screen in real time according to the offshore environment temperature and the actual operation working condition of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank; the device runs in a two-stage series passive vapor cold screen mode in a low heat leakage scene, and runs in a main and passive combined vapor cold screen mode in a high heat leakage scene, so that the energy consumption of a refrigerator is saved while the liquid hydrogen storage period is effectively prolonged, and the evaporation reduction storage of a large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, in particular to a vapor cold screen system for a large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank and a working method thereof.
Background
The low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and transportation has the advantages of high storage density and low long-distance transportation cost, and is an ideal hydrogen energy storage and transportation mode.
Liquid hydrogen transportation includes three modes of land transportation, sea transportation and pipeline transportation. The land transportation is mainly carried out by a liquid hydrogen tank car, and the storage tank is a cylindrical horizontal storage tank which is the most adopted liquid hydrogen transportation mode at present; the vacuum heat insulation pipe for pipeline transportation is only used in the aerospace field at present; the sea transportation mostly adopts a spherical tank or container structure, wherein the specific surface area of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank is minimum, and the liquid hydrogen spherical tank can store the most liquid hydrogen with the smallest equipment occupation area, thereby being an important development direction of large-scale liquid hydrogen storage and transportation.
The presently disclosed patents on the liquid hydrogen spherical tank can be divided into two types, one is a liquid hydrogen spherical tank body structural design scheme and the other is a supporting structure design scheme, and the heat insulation system of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank on a vapor cooling screen structure is not found.
The concept of vapor cooling screen was first proposed by Bobrick in the us patent of 1901, and is a scheme for cooling the insulation layer of the liquefied air storage tank by using evaporated low-temperature gas, so that the storage tank can be cooled without consuming external energy, and the method is widely applied to the design of the passive insulation structure of the aerospace low-temperature propellant storage tank. In recent years, efficient heat insulation for domestic cryogenic containers, particularly cryogenic containers such as liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, has also been proposed.
The patents currently available for the application of vapor cooling screens in liquid hydrogen vessels include 6.
The multi-screen heat insulation structure of ultralow temperature liquid hydrogen storage and transportation gas cylinder and the liquid hydrogen storage and transportation gas cylinder (application number: CN 114962978A) applied by Hangzhou Fushida special materials and incorporated in 2022 adopt a single-layer passive vapor cold screen structure, and are combined with a plurality of layers of heat insulation materials to insulate the liquid hydrogen gas cylinder.
The BOG recycling system and method (application number: CN 115523419A) of the liquid hydrogen hydrogenation station, which is applied by the Western-style transportation university in 2022, adopts a single-layer passive vapor cold screen structure to insulate a liquid hydrogen storage tank and a liquid hydrogen pipeline of the liquid hydrogen hydrogenation station.
A single-layer helium gas cold screen structure formed by a low-temperature helium gas spiral pipeline is used for insulating a liquid hydrogen storage tank in a hydrogen liquefaction and zero evaporation storage integrated system (application number: CN 116123816A) applied by China academy of sciences physical and chemical technology research institute in 2023.
The tank body evaporation hydrogen recycling system (authorized bulletin number: CN 218661549U) in the hydrogen fuel cell liquid hydrogen transportation tank car authorized by Jiangsu national hydrogen-rich energy technical equipment company in 2023 uses a single-layer passive vapor cold screen to insulate the tank body of the liquid hydrogen tank car, and the hydrogen at the outlet of the cold screen coil is also used as anode gas of the hydrogen fuel cell.
Two related patent application documents filed by the university of western-style transportation greater than 2023 are, "a thermal insulation system for a liquid hydrogen storage tank" (application number: CN 116447502 a) and "a thermal insulation device for a liquid hydrogen storage tank" (application number: CN 116447503A), respectively.
The application document of the heat insulation system for the liquid hydrogen storage tank (application number: CN 116447502A) uses three groups of cold screens to insulate the liquid hydrogen storage tank, wherein the first vapor cold screen close to the cold end is a low-temperature hydrogen working medium generated by evaporation in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the second cold screen in the middle is a liquid nitrogen working medium, and the third vapor cold screen at the outermost side is a low-temperature nitrogen working medium generated by evaporation of liquid nitrogen in the second cold screen. The system has a complex structure, relates to three groups of cold screen structures, and liquid nitrogen working medium in the second cold screen needs to be continuously supplemented, and continuously provides liquid circulation power through the low-temperature circulating pump, so that parasitic heat leakage is possibly introduced while energy consumption is increased.
The application document, "a heat insulation device for a liquid hydrogen storage tank" (application number: CN 116447503A) adopts two sets of cold shields, wherein the cold shield is a vapor cold shield near the cold end, and vapor is recovered by a compressor after flowing through the cold shield; the cold end close to the hot end is a cold storage working medium cold screen which is communicated with the heat exchanger through a circulating pump to form a closed circulating loop. In the application document, the vapor cold screen pipeline and the cold accumulation working medium cold screen pipeline are not communicated, which means that an independent cold accumulation working medium storage container and a circulating pump are needed, and the structural complexity is increased; and the two groups of cold screens are fixed in working mode, cannot be adjusted according to the actual ambient temperature and the leakage heat of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the cold end of the heat exchanger needs to continuously provide cold energy, so that the energy-saving effect is general.
In addition, an active cold screen structure is adopted in the aerospace, the low-temperature circulating pump drives gas in the cold screen to flow, and a refrigerating machine continuously provides cooling capacity, so that zero-evaporation storage of the aerospace low-temperature propellant is realized.
For a large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank, the marine transportation period is long, and weather conditions and environmental temperature are more difficult to predict compared with land transportation, so that the requirement on the heat insulation performance of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank is more severe. Meanwhile, considering the limitation of an energy acquisition path in the marine transportation process, the continuous use of a refrigerator to provide cold energy consumes excessive energy. What is needed is a vapor cold screen system that is simple in structure and that can dynamically control the mode of operation based on the ambient temperature and the actual operating conditions of the liquid hydrogen sphere (liquid level height, thermal stratification, amount of heat leak into the inner vessel), thereby minimizing energy while reducing liquid hydrogen consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steam cold screen system for a large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank and a working method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, and the operation mode can be dynamically adjusted according to the offshore environment temperature and the actual operation working condition of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank, thereby reducing the consumption of liquid hydrogen and simultaneously saving energy to the greatest extent.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a vapor cold screen system for a large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen sphere tank, which comprises the following components:
the liquid hydrogen spherical tank comprises a liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container and a liquid hydrogen spherical tank outer container, wherein the inner space of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container is used for storing liquid hydrogen working media; the passive heat insulation structure is arranged outside the inner container of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank; the vapor cooling screen comprises a primary vapor cooling screen and a secondary vapor cooling screen, wherein the primary vapor cooling screen and the secondary vapor cooling screen are installed in the passive heat insulation structure at intervals, and the primary vapor cooling screen is connected with the inside of the liquid hydrogen ball tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve; the evaporation heat module is used for monitoring the flow, temperature and pressure of the hydrogen flowing through the primary vapor cold screen; the data monitoring and controlling module comprises a data acquisition module and a PLC control module, and can control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve according to the pressure in the liquid hydrogen ball tank; according to the data of the evaporation quantity heat module, calculating the evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen working medium of the liquid hydrogen ball tank, judging the relative size of the liquid hydrogen working medium and a preset critical value, and controlling the first path communication or the second path communication between the primary vapor cold screen and the secondary vapor cold screen on the basis, and simultaneously controlling the start and stop of a refrigerator; and the active refrigeration module is connected with the second path and can cool hydrogen flowing through the second path. The invention can fully utilize the cold quantity and momentum of the low-temperature hydrogen generated by the heated evaporation of the liquid hydrogen working medium in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank to drive the low-temperature hydrogen to sequentially flow through the two-stage vapor cold screen coils; the operation mode of the vapor cold screen can be dynamically switched in real time according to the ambient temperature and the actual operation working condition of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank in the marine transportation process of the large-scale ship liquid hydrogen spherical tank; the device runs in a two-stage series passive vapor cold screen mode in a low heat leakage scene, and runs in a main and passive combined vapor cold screen mode in a high heat leakage scene, so that the energy consumption of a refrigerator is saved while the liquid hydrogen storage period is effectively prolonged, and the evaporation reduction storage of a large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank is realized.
Optionally, the passive thermal insulation structure is disposed in a space between the inner liquid hydrogen sphere tank container and the outer liquid hydrogen sphere tank container.
Optionally, a vacuum can be drawn in the space between the inner container of the liquid hydrogen sphere and the outer container of the liquid hydrogen sphere.
Optionally, the passive heat insulation structure comprises a polyurethane foam heat insulation layer and a variable density multilayer heat insulation layer, wherein the variable density multilayer heat insulation layer is arranged outside the polyurethane foam heat insulation layer, and the primary steam cooling screen and the secondary steam cooling screen are installed in the variable density multilayer heat insulation layer at intervals.
Optionally, the evaporation capacity thermal module comprises a gas volume flowmeter, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor which are positioned at the tail end of the primary vapor cold screen; and the gas volume flowmeter, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively and electrically connected with the data monitoring and control module.
Optionally, the first path includes a passive secondary cold screen pipeline, and the second path includes an active secondary cold screen pipeline; the tail ends of the primary steam cold screen are respectively communicated with the passive secondary cold screen pipeline and the active secondary cold screen pipeline through three-way electromagnetic valves, and the tail ends of the passive secondary cold screen pipeline and the active secondary cold screen pipeline are connected with the secondary steam cold screen; the three-way electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the data monitoring and control module.
Optionally, the active refrigeration module comprises a refrigerator and a copper block connected with a cold head of the refrigerator, and is used for cooling the hydrogen flowing through the active secondary cold screen pipeline; the refrigerator is electrically connected with the data monitoring and control module.
Optionally, a pipeline communicated between the primary vapor cooling screen and the inside of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank is a liquid hydrogen spherical tank constant pressure exhaust pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the data monitoring and control module; the data monitoring and control module comprises a data acquisition module and a PLC control module.
The invention also provides a working method of the vapor cold screen system for the large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank, which comprises the following steps:
step one, evaporating a liquid hydrogen working medium in a liquid hydrogen spherical tank to form low-temperature hydrogen, and when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank reaches a set exhaust pressure, opening an electromagnetic valve, wherein the low-temperature hydrogen enters a first-stage vapor cooling screen from a gas phase area of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank through a pipeline;
and secondly, enabling the hydrogen flowing out of the tail end of the first-stage steam cold screen to enter a three-way electromagnetic valve after passing through an evaporation capacity thermal module, selecting a two-stage series passive steam cold screen mode or an active and passive combined steam cold screen mode to enter a coil inlet of the second-stage steam cold screen, enabling the hydrogen to flow through a coil of the second-stage steam cold screen, and finally discharging the hydrogen to the atmosphere.
Optionally, the second step includes:
when the real-time liquid hydrogen evaporation rate measured by the evaporation quantity heat module is lower than a set critical value, the three-way electromagnetic valve is switched to a two-stage series passive vapor cold screen mode, at the moment, a passive secondary cold screen pipeline circulates, an active secondary cold screen pipeline is blocked, hydrogen enters a coil inlet of the secondary vapor cold screen through the passive secondary cold screen pipeline, flows through a coil of the secondary vapor cold screen, and is finally discharged to the atmosphere;
when the real-time liquid hydrogen evaporation rate measured by the evaporation quantity heat module is higher than a set critical value, the three-way electromagnetic valve is switched to an active and passive combined vapor cold screen mode, and at the moment, a passive secondary cold screen pipeline is blocked, and the active secondary cold screen pipeline circulates; meanwhile, the data monitoring and control module outputs an electric signal to control the starting of the refrigerator, hydrogen flows through the copper block through the active secondary cold screen pipeline, the hydrogen is recooled by utilizing the cold capacity of the refrigerator, then enters the coil inlet of the secondary steam cold screen, flows through the coil of the secondary steam cold screen, and finally is discharged to the atmosphere.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the invention, the cold quantity and momentum of low-temperature hydrogen generated by heating and evaporating working media in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank are fully utilized, and the low-temperature hydrogen can flow in the two-stage serial vapor cold screen coil without depending on a circulating pump and a compressor, so that a two-stage vapor cold screen heat insulation system of the large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank is formed. According to the invention, the active refrigeration bypass pipeline is additionally arranged between the two-stage vapor cold screens, the liquid hydrogen evaporation rate in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank is monitored in real time, and when the liquid hydrogen evaporation rate reaches a set critical value, the liquid hydrogen evaporation rate is automatically switched to the active refrigeration bypass pipeline to enter the active and passive vapor cold screen serial working mode. Therefore, the two-stage cold screen working mode can be automatically adjusted in real time in response to the changes of parameters such as the offshore environment temperature and the spherical tank liquid level, and the energy consumption of the refrigerator is reduced to the greatest extent while the liquid hydrogen storage period is effectively prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vapor cold screen system connection arrangement for a large-scale on-board liquid hydrogen sphere tank of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of piping of the vapor cold screen system of the present invention for a large-scale on-board liquid hydrogen sphere;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the coil winding structure on a single stage vapor cold screen of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 3 in accordance with the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: the device comprises a 1-liquid hydrogen working medium, a 2-liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container, a 3-polyurethane foam heat insulation layer, a 4-variable density multilayer heat insulation layer, a 5-primary steam cold screen, a 6-secondary steam cold screen, a 7-liquid hydrogen spherical tank outer container, an 8-electromagnetic valve, a 9-liquid hydrogen spherical tank constant-pressure exhaust pipeline, a 10-gas volume flowmeter, an 11-three-way electromagnetic valve, a 12-passive secondary cold screen pipeline, a 13-active secondary cold screen pipeline, a 14-copper block, a 15-refrigerator and a 16-PLC control module.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a steam cold screen system for a large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank and a working method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, and the operation mode can be dynamically adjusted according to the offshore environment temperature and the actual operation working condition of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank, thereby reducing the consumption of liquid hydrogen and simultaneously saving energy to the greatest extent.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
The invention provides a vapor cold screen system for a large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank, which is shown by referring to figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein the liquid hydrogen spherical tank comprises a liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container 2 and a liquid hydrogen spherical tank outer container 7, vacuum is pumped between the liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container 2 and the liquid hydrogen spherical tank outer container 7, a liquid hydrogen working medium 1 is stored in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container 2, a polyurethane foam heat insulation layer 3 and a variable density multilayer heat insulation layer 4 are sequentially filled in the space between the liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container 2 and the liquid hydrogen spherical tank outer container 7 from inside to outside, and a primary vapor cold screen 5 and a secondary vapor cold screen 6 are arranged in the variable density multilayer heat insulation layer 4 at intervals; the primary vapor cooling screen 5 is connected with the inside of the liquid hydrogen ball tank inner container 2 through a pipeline with a solenoid valve 8; the flow rate of hydrogen flowing through the primary steam cold screen 5 is monitored through an evaporation capacity thermal module, and the structure of the hydrogen flow rate monitoring device comprises a gas volume flowmeter 10, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor which are positioned at the tail end of the primary steam cold screen 5; the data monitoring and controlling module can calculate the evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen working medium 1 in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank according to the data of the evaporation heat module, judge the relative size of the liquid hydrogen working medium 1 and a preset critical value, control the first path communication or the second path communication between the primary vapor cooling screen 5 and the secondary vapor cooling screen 6 on the basis, and control the start and stop of the refrigerator 15; the second path is connected with an active refrigeration module, and the active refrigeration module comprises a refrigerator 15 and a red copper block 14 connected with a cold head of the refrigerator, when the first-stage vapor cold screen 5 and the second-stage vapor cold screen 6 are communicated by adopting the second path, the data monitoring and control module simultaneously controls the refrigerator 15 to start, so that hydrogen flowing through the second path can be cooled. The invention can fully utilize the cold quantity and momentum of the low-temperature hydrogen generated by the heated evaporation of the liquid hydrogen working medium 1 in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank to drive the low-temperature hydrogen to sequentially flow through the two-stage vapor cold screen coils; the operation mode of the vapor cold screen can be dynamically switched in real time according to the ambient temperature and the actual operation working condition of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank in the marine transportation process of the large-scale ship liquid hydrogen spherical tank; the device runs in a two-stage series passive vapor cold screen mode in a low heat leakage scene, and runs in a main and passive combined vapor cold screen mode in a high heat leakage scene, so that the energy consumption of a refrigerator is saved while the liquid hydrogen storage period is effectively prolonged, and the evaporation reduction storage of a large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank is realized.
To facilitate differentiation and control of the switching, the present invention defines the passive secondary cold shield line 12 as a first path and the active secondary cold shield line 13 as a second path; the tail ends of the primary steam cold screen 5 are respectively communicated with a passive secondary cold screen pipeline 12 and an active secondary cold screen pipeline 13 through a three-way electromagnetic valve 11, and the tail ends of the passive secondary cold screen pipeline 12 and the active secondary cold screen pipeline 13 are connected with the secondary steam cold screen 6; the three-way electromagnetic valve 11 and the data monitoring and control module are electrically connected. After heat enters the liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container 2, the liquid hydrogen working medium 1 evaporates to form low-temperature hydrogen, when the pressure of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container 2 reaches the set exhaust pressure, the electromagnetic valve 8 is opened, and the low-temperature hydrogen enters the primary steam cooling screen 5 from the gas phase area of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container 2 through the pipe. The hydrogen flowing out from the tail end of the primary steam cooling screen 5 passes through the evaporation capacity thermal module and then enters the three-way electromagnetic valve 11. The conversion of the two-stage vapor cooling screen working mode can be realized by controlling the circulation direction of the three-way electromagnetic valve 11.
In order to make the control more accurate and the calculation error smaller, the pipeline communicated between the first-stage vapor cold screen 5 and the inside of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container 2 in the invention adopts a liquid hydrogen spherical tank constant pressure exhaust pipeline 9, and the electromagnetic valve 8 and the data monitoring and control module are electrically connected; the data monitoring and controlling module comprises a data collecting module and a PLC control module 16, the data collecting module can collect flow, temperature and pressure data, the PLC control module 16 processes and judges the data, and then a feedback command is output to the electromagnetic valve 8, the three-way electromagnetic valve 11 and the refrigerator 15 through electric signals, so that the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 8, the flowing direction of the three-way electromagnetic valve 11 and the starting and stopping of the refrigerator 15 are accurately controlled.
The working method of the vapor cold screen system based on the large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank comprises the steps that after heat enters the liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container 2, liquid hydrogen working medium 1 in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank is evaporated to form low-temperature hydrogen, when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container 2 reaches a set exhaust pressure, an electromagnetic valve 8 is opened, the low-temperature hydrogen enters a first-level vapor cold screen 5 from a gas phase area of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container 2 through a liquid hydrogen spherical tank constant-pressure exhaust pipeline 9, an evaporation capacity thermal module monitors the discharged hydrogen flow in real time, and a PLC control module 16 calculates the liquid hydrogen evaporation rate in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank by using the data; after passing through the evaporation capacity thermal module, the hydrogen flowing out from the tail end of the primary vapor cold screen 5 enters the three-way electromagnetic valve 11, the PLC control module 16 controls the conversion of the two-stage vapor cold screen working modes by controlling the circulation direction of the three-way electromagnetic valve 11, the two-stage series passive vapor cold screen mode or the active and passive combined vapor cold screen mode is selected to enter the coil inlet of the secondary vapor cold screen 6, flows through the coil of the secondary vapor cold screen 6 and is finally discharged to the atmosphere, and the passive heat protection or active heat transfer of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank is realized in the process.
The specific process comprises the following steps: when the real-time liquid hydrogen working medium 1 evaporation rate measured by the evaporation quantity heat module is lower than a set critical value, the three-way electromagnetic valve 11 is switched to the passive secondary cold screen pipeline 12 for circulation, the active secondary cold screen pipeline 13 is blocked, hydrogen enters the coil inlet of the secondary vapor cold screen 6 through the passive secondary cold screen pipeline 12, flows through the coil of the secondary vapor cold screen 6 and finally is discharged to the atmospheric environment; the mode is a two-stage series passive vapor cold screen mode. When the real-time liquid hydrogen working medium 1 evaporation rate measured by the evaporation quantity heat module is higher than a set critical value, the three-way electromagnetic valve 11 is controlled by the PLC control module 16 to be automatically switched, the passive secondary cold screen pipeline 12 is blocked, the active secondary cold screen pipeline 13 circulates, the refrigerator 15 is started, hydrogen flows through the low-temperature copper block 14 through the active secondary cold screen pipeline 13, the copper block 14 is connected with a cold head of the refrigerator 15, the hydrogen is subjected to recooling by utilizing the cold quantity of the refrigerator 15, then enters a coil inlet of the secondary vapor cold screen 6, flows through a coil of the secondary vapor cold screen 6, and finally is discharged to the atmospheric environment; the mode is an active and passive combined vapor cooling screen mode. According to the method, the operation mode of the vapor cold screen is dynamically controlled according to the ambient temperature and the actual operation condition of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank in the marine transportation process of the large-scale ship liquid hydrogen spherical tank, the two-stage passive vapor cold screen mode is operated in a low heat leakage scene, and the active and passive combined vapor cold screen mode is operated in a high heat leakage scene, so that the energy consumption of a refrigerator is saved while the liquid hydrogen storage period is effectively prolonged, and the evaporation reduction storage of the large-scale liquid hydrogen spherical tank is realized.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A vapor cold screen system for a large on-board liquid hydrogen sphere tank, comprising:
the liquid hydrogen spherical tank comprises a liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container and a liquid hydrogen spherical tank outer container, wherein the inner space of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank inner container is used for storing liquid hydrogen working media;
the passive heat insulation structure is arranged outside the inner container of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank;
the vapor cooling screen comprises a primary vapor cooling screen and a secondary vapor cooling screen, wherein the primary vapor cooling screen and the secondary vapor cooling screen are installed in the passive heat insulation structure at intervals, and the primary vapor cooling screen is connected with the inside of the inner container of the liquid hydrogen ball tank through a pipeline with a solenoid valve;
the evaporation heat module is used for monitoring the data of the flow, the temperature and the pressure of the hydrogen flowing through the primary vapor cold screen;
the data monitoring and controlling module comprises a data acquisition module and a PLC control module, and can control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve according to the pressure in the liquid hydrogen ball tank; according to the data of the evaporation quantity heat module, calculating the evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen working medium in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank, judging the relative size of the liquid hydrogen working medium and a preset critical value, and controlling the first path communication or the second path communication between the primary vapor cold screen and the secondary vapor cold screen on the basis, and simultaneously controlling the start and stop of the refrigerator;
and the active refrigeration module is connected with the second path and can cool hydrogen flowing through the second path.
2. The vapor cold shield system for a large-scale on-board liquid hydrogen sphere tank of claim 1, wherein the passive thermal insulation structure is disposed in a space between the liquid hydrogen sphere tank inner container and the liquid hydrogen sphere tank outer container.
3. The vapor cold shield system for a large-scale on-board liquid hydrogen balloon of claim 1, wherein the space between the liquid hydrogen balloon inner vessel and the liquid hydrogen balloon outer vessel is capable of being evacuated.
4. The vapor cold shield system for a large-scale shipborne liquid hydrogen sphere tank of claim 1, wherein the passive insulation structure comprises a polyurethane foam insulation layer and a variable density multilayer insulation layer, the variable density multilayer insulation layer being disposed externally of the polyurethane foam insulation layer, the primary vapor cold shield and the secondary vapor cold shield being mounted in spaced relation within the variable density multilayer insulation layer.
5. The vapor cold screen system for a large-scale on-board liquid hydrogen sphere tank of claim 1, wherein said vapor capacity thermal module comprises a gas volume flow meter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor at the end of said primary vapor cold screen; and the gas volume flowmeter, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively and electrically connected with the data monitoring and control module.
6. The vapor cold shield system for a large on-board liquid hydrogen sphere tank of claim 1, wherein the first path comprises a passive secondary cold shield piping and the second path comprises an active secondary cold shield piping; the tail ends of the primary steam cold screen are respectively communicated with the passive secondary cold screen pipeline and the active secondary cold screen pipeline through three-way electromagnetic valves, and the tail ends of the passive secondary cold screen pipeline and the active secondary cold screen pipeline are connected with the secondary steam cold screen; the three-way electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the data monitoring and control module.
7. The vapor cold screen system for a large-scale on-board liquid hydrogen sphere tank of claim 6, wherein the active refrigeration module comprises a refrigerator and a copper block connected to the refrigerator cold head for cooling hydrogen flowing through the active secondary cold screen pipeline; the refrigerator is electrically connected with the data monitoring and control module.
8. The vapor cold screen system for a large-scale on-board liquid hydrogen balloon of claim 1, wherein the pipeline communicating between the primary vapor cold screen and the inside of the liquid hydrogen balloon is a liquid hydrogen balloon constant pressure exhaust pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve and the data monitoring and control module are electrically connected.
9. A method of operating a vapor cold screen system for a large on-board liquid hydrogen sphere, comprising the steps of:
step one, evaporating liquid hydrogen working medium in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank to form hydrogen, and when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank reaches the set exhaust pressure, opening an electromagnetic valve, wherein the hydrogen enters a primary vapor cooling screen from a gas phase area in the liquid hydrogen spherical tank through a pipeline;
and secondly, enabling the hydrogen flowing out of the tail end of the first-stage steam cold screen to enter a three-way electromagnetic valve after passing through an evaporation capacity thermal module, selecting a two-stage series passive steam cold screen mode or an active and passive combined steam cold screen mode to enter a coil inlet of the second-stage steam cold screen, enabling the hydrogen to flow through a coil of the second-stage steam cold screen, and finally discharging the hydrogen to the atmosphere.
10. The method of operating a vapor cold screen system for a large-scale on-board liquid hydrogen sphere tank of claim 9, wherein step two comprises:
when the real-time liquid hydrogen evaporation rate measured by the evaporation quantity heat module is lower than a set critical value, the three-way electromagnetic valve is switched to a two-stage series passive vapor cold screen mode, at the moment, a passive secondary cold screen pipeline circulates, an active secondary cold screen pipeline is blocked, hydrogen enters a coil inlet of the secondary vapor cold screen through the passive secondary cold screen pipeline, flows through a coil of the secondary vapor cold screen, and is finally discharged to the atmosphere;
when the real-time liquid hydrogen evaporation rate measured by the evaporation quantity heat module is higher than a set critical value, the three-way electromagnetic valve is switched to an active and passive combined vapor cold screen mode, at the moment, a passive secondary cold screen pipeline is blocked, an active secondary cold screen pipeline flows, a refrigerator is started, hydrogen flows through a copper block through the active secondary cold screen pipeline, the hydrogen is recooled by utilizing the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerator, then enters a coil inlet of the secondary vapor cold screen, flows through a coil of the secondary vapor cold screen, and finally is discharged to the atmosphere.
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