CN115076593A - Liquid hydrogen storage device with cold shield space partition - Google Patents
Liquid hydrogen storage device with cold shield space partition Download PDFInfo
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- CN115076593A CN115076593A CN202210838106.3A CN202210838106A CN115076593A CN 115076593 A CN115076593 A CN 115076593A CN 202210838106 A CN202210838106 A CN 202210838106A CN 115076593 A CN115076593 A CN 115076593A
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 227
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 221
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 221
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- WKPSFPXMYGFAQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;hydrate Chemical group O.[Fe] WKPSFPXMYGFAQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/10—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by liquid-circulating or vapour-circulating jackets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses liquid hydrogen storage equipment with a partitioned cold screen space, which comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, an external heat-insulating layer and a cold screen space, wherein the external heat-insulating layer is sleeved outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the space formed between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the external heat-insulating layer is the cold screen space; the secondary-positive converter is positioned at the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and connected with the cooling coil, and the cooling coil is positioned above the secondary-positive converter; and a gaseous hydrogen outlet is formed in the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and is connected with the secondary-positive converter through a pipeline. The cold screen partitioned liquid hydrogen storage equipment provided by the invention maximally utilizes the cold energy generated by the secondary-positive conversion of the gas hydrogen, solves the heat leakage phenomenon in the liquid hydrogen storage process, reduces the problems of liquid hydrogen loss and the like caused by liquid hydrogen gasification, and prolongs the storage time of the liquid hydrogen.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid hydrogen storage, and particularly relates to liquid hydrogen storage equipment with a cold shield partitioned in space.
Background
Hydrogen is gaseous at normal temperature and pressure, has very low density, has high mass energy density but low volume energy density (1/3000 of gasoline) compared with other fuels, and therefore, a large precondition for constructing a hydrogen energy storage system is to store hydrogen gas at higher volume energy density. At present, the hydrogen storage method mainly comprises high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, liquefied hydrogen storage, glass microsphere hydrogen storage, metal hydride hydrogen storage, carbonaceous adsorption hydrogen storage, organic liquid hydrogen storage and the like. The existing widely used hydrogen storage mode is high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, mainly because of little pollution to the environment and better economy, but the gas tank has large mass, small unit hydrogen storage density and low hydrogen storage efficiency; the energy density of the liquefied hydrogen storage is very high, the efficiency can reach 93%, but the application in the aerospace field is mainly realized due to the expensive storage cost; the volume density of the metal hydride hydrogen storage in all hydrogen storage modes is the highest and can reach 100kg/m 3 But has a relatively large mass, resulting in higher costs than compressed storage; the key point of carbon adsorption hydrogen storage is to research the increase of adsorption capacity, which is usually carried out at normal pressure and normal temperature, although some progress is made in many aspects including purifying adsorbent, synthesizing adsorbent, etc., the technology of transportation and storage of liquid hydrogen is just startedThe defects of the technology severely restrict the development of the liquid hydrogen industry in China. Because liquid hydrogen in China is mainly applied to the aerospace field at present and large-scale civil difficulty is high, the development of a liquid hydrogen storage and transportation technology and the research thereof are necessary.
Among the various hydrogen storage technologies, low-temperature liquefied hydrogen storage is a practical hydrogen storage method. The boiling point of hydrogen at atmospheric pressure was 20.27K, at which time the density was 70.79kg/m 3 The hydrogen storage density is 789 times of that of gaseous hydrogen at normal temperature and normal pressure, so the low-temperature liquefied hydrogen storage has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density, small storage container volume and the like, and the mass concentration of the low-temperature liquefied hydrogen storage is about 70g/L which is higher than that of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage (the mass concentration is about 39g/L under 70 MPa). However, the liquefaction process of hydrogen gas requires multi-stage compression and cooling, the temperature of hydrogen gas is reduced to 20K, the requirement on the heat insulation performance of the liquid hydrogen storage container is strict in order to avoid the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen, and a heat insulation material with good heat insulation performance is required, so that the material cost of the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank is high and the design and manufacture are complex. At present, the low-temperature liquefied hydrogen storage technology is mainly applied to the fields of military and aerospace, the commercial research and application are just started, and the problems of serious cold loss, high cost of storage equipment, liquid hydrogen loss caused by liquid hydrogen gasification and the like exist in the hydrogen storage process.
Patent CN105889748A discloses a liquid hydrogen lossless storage device based on parahydrogen conversion, and its working principle is: the liquid hydrogen can be continuously evaporated in the storage tank due to heat leakage, so that the pressure in the storage tank is increased, part of parahydrogen is converted into normal hydrogen under the action of a catalyst in the parahydrogen converter, heat is absorbed, and the evaporation loss of the liquid hydrogen is reduced. However, the secondary-positive converter inside the storage tank is used for providing cold energy for liquid hydrogen storage, so that the liquid hydrogen on the wall surface of the storage tank is slightly high in temperature and low in density due to heat leakage, the converted liquid hydrogen is low in temperature and high in density, the liquid hydrogen can form a disturbance cycle, the heat stratification phenomenon in the storage tank is caused to aggravate local evaporation, and the pressure in the storage tank is increased too fast to cause loss increase. On the other hand, the phenomenon of cold loss at the joint of the shell of the heat-preservation storage tank is serious, and no good measures are taken to effectively avoid the cold loss at the current stage.
It is necessary to provide a method for performing key protection on the connecting part of the storage tank by using the cold energy generated by the rotation-in-process and reasonably utilizing the cold energy generated by the rotation-in-process in a partitioning manner.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a liquid hydrogen storage device with a cold shield partition, wherein the cold shield is provided for the liquid hydrogen storage device through a parahydrogen-orthohydrogen conversion process, so that the energy loss in the liquid hydrogen storage problem is isolated, the cold energy of pararotation is reasonably utilized by utilizing a space partition method in the cold shield, the heat leakage phenomenon at the joint of a storage tank and a heat insulation shell is isolated, the structure development of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is suitable for the liquid hydrogen storage device for a long time, and the liquid hydrogen loss caused by the heat lamination phenomenon is reduced to the maximum extent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a liquid hydrogen storage device with a partitioned cold screen space comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, an external heat insulation layer and a cold screen space, wherein the external heat insulation layer is sleeved outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and a space formed between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the external heat insulation layer is the cold screen space; the secondary-positive converter is positioned at the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and connected with the cooling coil, and the cooling coil is positioned above the secondary-positive converter; and a gaseous hydrogen outlet is formed in the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and connected with the secondary converter through a pipeline.
Hydrogen molecules are divided into two spin isomers of orthohydrogen and parahydrogen due to different spin directions of two atomic nuclei, the equilibrium concentration of the orthohydrogen and the parahydrogen of the hydrogen is influenced by temperature, the orthohydrogen can be converted into the parahydrogen along with the reduction of the temperature, the molecular energy level of the orthohydrogen is higher than that of the parahydrogen, namely the heat is released in the conversion process of the orthohydrogen and the parahydrogen; on the contrary, in the liquid hydrogen storage process, the parahydrogen is converted into orthohydrogen to absorb heat, so that the parahydrogen discharged from the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be utilized, and the liquid hydrogen storage time is prolonged.
The content of the paramorphic hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank needs to be maintained above 95%, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is gasified and then led out of the storage tank to generate secondary and positive reactions, the reaction temperature is 50-100k, the liquid hydrogen storage tank and an external heat insulation layer are subjected to vacuum treatment, and a variable-density multilayer heat insulation material is filled for heat insulation, so that the effect of extremely small heat leakage is achieved, the temperature of a cold screen is ensured not to rise, and the secondary and positive conversion reaction temperature is treated.
Specifically, after the gas hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is discharged out of the storage tank, cold energy is released in a cooling coil outside the storage tank through the secondary rotation device, so that heat protection is provided for the storage tank, heat leakage in the external balance environment of the storage tank is avoided, and the storage time of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is prolonged.
Preferably, the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is fixedly connected with an external heat-insulating layer through the connecting support; the liquid hydrogen storage tank is also provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet and a liquid hydrogen outlet; the connecting supports are cylinders, and the number of the connecting supports is 3-5.
Preferably, the tail end of the cooling coil is provided with an exhaust port, and the exhaust port is communicated with the external atmosphere.
Specifically, the cold shield space is enclosed outside the whole liquid hydrogen storage tank, and vacuum treatment is required.
Preferably, the vacuum degree in the cold shield space is not more than 500 pa.
Preferably, the secondary-positive converter is a tubular reactor, and the secondary-positive converter is arranged on the outer wall of the liquid hydrogen storage tank or on the outer heat-insulating inner wall and is wound on the outer side of the connecting support.
Preferably, the cold screen space partition plate is of a circular ring type and is located between the secondary rotation converter and the cooling coil pipe, and the cold screen space partition plate divides the cold screen space into a lower connection support protection area and an upper cold screen heat exchange protection area.
Specifically, the pararectifying converter surrounds the support connecting part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the external heat insulation layer, so that the heat leakage phenomenon of a connecting point is avoided.
Preferably, the vacuum degree of the connecting support protection area is not more than 500pa, the vacuum degree of the cold shield heat exchange protection area is not more than 200pa, and the vacuum degree of the cold shield heat exchange protection area is less than that of the connecting support protection area.
Preferably, the cooling coil is coiled on the outer wall of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and can also be arranged on the inner wall of the cold shield space for heat preservation inside and outside.
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen storage tank is one of a spherical tank, a cylindrical tank or a storage tank with a hemispherical head; the external heat-insulating layer is one of a spherical tank, a cylindrical tank or a storage tank with a hemispherical head.
Preferably, the secondary reformer is filled with a hydrogen secondary reforming catalyst.
The cooling coil is positioned in the cold shield space and connected with the secondary rotation device, gaseous hydrogen coming out of the liquid hydrogen storage tank generates a large amount of cold energy after passing through the secondary rotation device, part of the cold energy is used for compensating heat leakage at the joint support, and the excessive cold energy provides effective heat insulation for most of the cold shield space through the cooling coil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the liquid hydrogen storage equipment with the cold screen subarea, which is provided by the invention, heat can be absorbed by converting parahydrogen into orthohydrogen, so that parahydrogen discharged from the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be utilized, the liquid hydrogen storage time is prolonged, the parahydrogen converter is arranged at the connecting support position outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank, a cold screen can be provided for the liquid hydrogen storage tank equipment, the energy loss in the liquid hydrogen storage problem is isolated, the heat leakage phenomenon at the connecting position of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and an external heat insulation layer can be isolated, and the phenomenon that the liquid hydrogen forms disturbance circulation when the parahydrogen converter is in the storage tank can be reduced, so that the heat stratification phenomenon in the storage tank aggravates local evaporation, and the loss is increased due to the fact that the pressure in the storage tank is increased too fast.
(2) According to the liquid hydrogen storage equipment with the cold shield partitions, the cold shield space is subjected to different vacuum treatments according to functions, the cold energy generated by secondary rotation is reasonably utilized, and the loss of liquid hydrogen is reduced to the greatest extent; the secondary conversion area continuously generates cold energy by using secondary conversion of gaseous hydrogen to protect the heat leakage of the connection support between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the external heat insulation layer, so that the phenomenon that the heat loss is accelerated due to the flow of the liquid hydrogen caused by local heat is avoided; the cold shield heat exchange protection area is not connected with a heat leakage phenomenon, and cold shield protection is carried out by means of the excessive cold energy converted by the cooling coil pipe.
(3) The liquid hydrogen storage equipment with the cold screen partitioned has a simple structure, reasonably utilizes the cold quantity generated by secondary and positive reactions, partitions the cold screen space according to functions, maximally utilizes the secondary and positive conversion of gas hydrogen, solves the heat leakage phenomenon in the liquid hydrogen storage process, reduces the liquid hydrogen loss and other problems caused by liquid hydrogen gasification, and prolongs the storage time of the liquid hydrogen.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a liquid hydrogen storage facility partitioned by a cold shield space in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a liquid hydrogen storage tank; 2. an outer insulating layer; 3. an centralizing converter; 4. a cooling coil; 5. a cold screen space; 6. an exhaust port; 7. connecting and supporting; 8. a cold shield space divider; 9. a gaseous hydrogen outlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product of the present invention is used as it is, this is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and it does not indicate or imply that the device or the element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid hydrogen storage device with partitioned cold screen space comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, an external insulating layer 2 and a cold screen space 5, wherein the external insulating layer 2 is sleeved outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and a space formed between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the external insulating layer 2 is the cold screen space 5; a secondary rotation converter 3, a connecting support 7, a cooling coil 4 and a cold shield space partition plate 8 are arranged in the cold shield space 5, the secondary rotation converter 3 is positioned at the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and is connected with the cooling coil 4, and the cooling coil 4 is positioned above the secondary rotation converter 3; and a gaseous hydrogen outlet 9 is formed in the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the gaseous hydrogen outlet 9 is connected with the para-ortho converter 3 through a pipeline.
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is made of 304 stainless steel, and the external heat insulation layer 2 is made of 16 MnR.
Specifically, cold screen space 5 provides the barrier with external isolated for liquid hydrogen stores, prevents to lead to liquid hydrogen gasification loss because the cold volume runs off in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1.
Preferably, the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is fixedly connected with the external heat-insulating layer 2 through the connecting support 7; the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is also provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet and a liquid hydrogen outlet; the connecting supports 7 are cylindrical bodies, and the number of the connecting supports is 3-5.
Specifically, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is a direct device for storing liquid hydrogen, the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is liquid hydrogen, and a certain amount of gaseous hydrogen exists in the top seal head.
Preferably, the end of the cooling coil 4 is provided with an exhaust port 6, and the exhaust port 6 is communicated with the external atmosphere.
Preferably, the vacuum degree in the cold shield space 5 is not more than 500 pa.
Preferably, the para-ortho converter 3 is a tubular reactor, and is coiled outside the connection support 7, and is specifically and optionally installed on the outer wall of the connection support or the inner wall of the external thermal insulation layer 2, so as to effectively avoid the loss of heat at the connection support 7.
Preferably, cold shield space division board 8 is the ring type, cold shield space division board 8 is located between positive converter 3 of the second department and cooling coil 4, and it is divided into the connection support guard area of lower part and the cold shield heat transfer guard area on upper portion with cold shield space 5.
Specifically, the cold screen space partition plate 8 has good sealing performance, and two parts in the cold screen space are relatively independent.
Preferably, the requirements of the connection support protection area in the cold shield space 5 and the overall vacuum degree of the cold shield heat exchange protection area are not more than 500pa (absolute pressure), and the cold shield heat exchange protection area depends on excessive cold quantity and vacuum for heat isolation, so that the requirement of the connection support protection area on the vacuum degree is relatively high, and the requirement of the vacuum degree is not more than 200pa (absolute pressure).
Specifically, according to different functions, the cold shield space partition plate 8 partitions the cold shield space 5 into a lower connecting support protection area and an upper cold shield heat exchange protection area, heat leakage is protected in the connecting support protection area mainly through heat absorption of secondary-positive conversion reaction, and secondary-positive reaction heat absorption is used for protection because the connecting support 7 is solid and transmits heat, and the loss of cold energy is large; this part space in cold shield heat transfer guard area has certain vacuum, and does not have the solid connecting piece, uses the excess cold volume after secondary positive and negative reaction to carry out the heat transfer in this region just can satisfy isolated outside thermal effect.
Preferably, the cooling coil 4 is wound around the outer wall of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and may be disposed on the inner wall of the cold shield space where heat is preserved inside and outside.
Specifically, the cooling coil 4 is a tubular heat exchanger, and the pipe diameters of the cooling coil 4 and the secondary converter 3 may be the same or different.
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is one of a spherical tank, a cylindrical tank or a storage tank with a hemispherical head; the external heat-insulating layer 2 is one of a spherical tank, a cylindrical tank or a storage tank with a hemispherical head.
Preferably, the secondary-positive converter 3 is filled with a hydrogen secondary-positive conversion catalyst, and secondary hydrogen gas gasified from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 enters the secondary-positive converter 3 to perform secondary-positive conversion endothermic reaction, so as to provide cold for the lower part in the cold shield space 5 and the connecting support 7 and prevent external heat from being transferred to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the connecting support 7.
Preferably, the hydrogen-neutralization catalyst is selected from iron hydrate catalysts.
Specifically, the fluid in the cooling coil 4 is normal hydrogen after being converted by the secondary-positive converter 3, the temperature of the normal hydrogen is reduced after the normal hydrogen is subjected to endothermic reaction in the secondary-positive converter 3, and after a part of heat exchange is performed at the connecting support 7, excessive cold can still be provided for cold protection for the cold shield space in the cooling coil 4.
Specifically, different vacuum treatments are carried out on the cold shield space 5 according to functions, the cold energy generated by secondary conversion is reasonably utilized, and the loss of liquid hydrogen is reduced to the greatest extent; the secondary conversion area continuously generates cold energy by using the secondary conversion of the gaseous hydrogen to protect heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the connecting support 7 between the outer insulating layers, so that the phenomenon that the heat loss is accelerated by the flow of the liquid hydrogen caused by local heat is avoided; the cold shield heat exchange protection area is not connected with a heat leakage phenomenon, and the cooling coil 4 is used for carrying out cold shield protection by utilizing the excessive cold energy converted from secondary to positive.
The working principle of the device is as follows: gaseous state parahydrogen that is located liquid hydrogen storage tank top, because the increase of tank internal pressure, in getting into the pararotation and changing the ware through the pipeline, carry out the pararotation and change in the pararotation and changing the ware afterwards, constantly produce cold volume and support the hourglass heat to the connection between liquid hydrogen storage tank and the outer heat preservation and protect, excessive cold volume after its pararotation and positive reaction is through entering into the cooling coil pipe afterwards, for the liquid hydrogen storage tank provides heat protection, the cold volume that the while pararotation and positive reaction provided all can provide a cold shield space to the storage for liquid hydrogen, prevent to lead to liquid hydrogen gasification loss because cold volume runs off in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and is last, when the gaseous hydrogen pressure in pararotation and the cooling coil pipe reaches certain degree, discharge excessive hydrogen through the gas vent.
Example 1
A liquid hydrogen storage device with a partitioned cold screen space comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, an external heat insulation layer 2 and a cold screen space 5, wherein the external heat insulation layer 2 is sleeved outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the space formed between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the external heat insulation layer 2 is the cold screen space 5; a secondary rotation converter 3, a connecting support 7, a cooling coil 4 and a cold shield space partition plate 8 are arranged in the cold shield space 5, the secondary rotation converter 3 is positioned at the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and is connected with the cooling coil 4, and the cooling coil 4 is positioned above the secondary rotation converter 3; and a gaseous hydrogen outlet 9 is formed in the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the gaseous hydrogen outlet 9 is connected with the para-ortho converter 3 through a pipeline.
In this embodiment, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is made of 304 stainless steel, and the external heat insulating layer 2 is made of 16 MnR.
In the embodiment, the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is fixedly connected with the external heat-insulating layer 2 through the connecting support 7; the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is also provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet and a liquid hydrogen outlet; the connecting supports 7 are cylinders, and the number of the connecting supports is 3.
In this embodiment, the end of the cooling coil 4 is provided with an exhaust port 6, and the exhaust port 6 is communicated with the external atmosphere.
In this embodiment, the para-ortho converter 3 is a tubular reactor, coiled around the outer wall of the linking support 7.
In this embodiment, cold shield space division board 8 is the ring type, cold shield space division board 8 is located between positive converter 3 of the second generation and cooling coil 4, and it is divided into the connection support guard area of lower part and the cold shield heat transfer guard area on upper portion with cold shield space 5.
In this embodiment, the vacuum degree of the connection support protection area is 450pa, and the vacuum degree of the cold shield heat exchange protection area is 150 pa.
In the present embodiment, the cooling coil 4 is wound around the outer wall of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1.
In this embodiment, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is a storage tank with two hemispherical end sockets; the external heat-insulating layer 2 is a storage tank with two hemispherical end sockets.
The secondary-positive conversion reactor 3 is filled with a hydrogen secondary-positive conversion catalyst, and the hydrogen secondary-positive conversion catalyst is a hydrated iron catalyst.
Example 2
A liquid hydrogen storage device with a partitioned cold screen space comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, an external heat insulation layer 2 and a cold screen space 5, wherein the external heat insulation layer 2 is sleeved outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the space formed between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the external heat insulation layer 2 is the cold screen space 5; a secondary rotation converter 3, a connecting support 7, a cooling coil 4 and a cold shield space partition plate 8 are arranged in the cold shield space 5, the secondary rotation converter 3 is positioned at the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and is connected with the cooling coil 4, and the cooling coil 4 is positioned above the secondary rotation converter 3; and a gaseous hydrogen outlet 9 is formed in the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the gaseous hydrogen outlet 9 is connected with the para-ortho converter 3 through a pipeline.
In this embodiment, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is made of 304 stainless steel, and the external heat insulating layer 2 is made of 16 MnR.
In the embodiment, the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is fixedly connected with the external heat-insulating layer 2 through the connecting support 7; the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is also provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet and a liquid hydrogen outlet; the connecting supports 7 are cylindrical and 5 in number.
In this embodiment, the end of the cooling coil 4 is provided with an exhaust port 6, and the exhaust port 6 is communicated with the external atmosphere.
In this embodiment, the para-ortho converter 3 is a tubular reactor, and is wound around the outside of the connecting support 7 and disposed on the inner wall of the external thermal insulation layer 2.
In this embodiment, cold shield space division board 8 is the ring type, cold shield space division board 8 is located between positive converter 3 of the second generation and cooling coil 4, and it is divided into the connection support guard area of lower part and the cold shield heat transfer guard area on upper portion with cold shield space 5.
In this embodiment, the cold screen space is filled with a variable density multi-layer insulation material.
In this embodiment, the vacuum degree of the connection support protection area is 300pa, and the vacuum degree of the cold shield heat exchange protection area is 100 pa.
In this embodiment, the cooling coil 4 is wound around the inner wall of the outer insulation layer 2.
In this embodiment, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is a storage tank with two hemispherical end sockets; the external heat-insulating layer 2 is a storage tank with two hemispherical end sockets.
The secondary-positive conversion reactor 3 is filled with a hydrogen secondary-positive conversion catalyst, and the hydrogen secondary-positive conversion catalyst is a hydrated iron catalyst.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The liquid hydrogen storage equipment with the partitioned cold screen space is characterized by comprising a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), an external heat-insulating layer (2) and a cold screen space (5), wherein the external heat-insulating layer (2) is sleeved outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), and the space formed between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the external heat-insulating layer (2) is the cold screen space (5); the secondary rotation converter (3), the connecting support (7), the cooling coil (4) and the cold shield space partition plate (8) are arranged in the cold shield space (5), the secondary rotation converter (3) is located at the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and connected with the cooling coil (4), and the cooling coil (4) is located above the secondary rotation converter (3); the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is provided with a gaseous hydrogen outlet (9), and the gaseous hydrogen outlet (9) is connected with the neutralization converter (3) through a pipeline.
2. The liquid hydrogen storage equipment with the partitioned cold screen space is characterized in that the lower part of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is fixedly connected with the external heat-insulating layer (2) through the connecting support (7); the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is also provided with a liquid hydrogen inlet and a liquid hydrogen outlet; the connecting supports (7) are cylinders, and the number of the connecting supports is 3-5.
3. A cold screen space-partitioned liquid hydrogen storage plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling coil (4) is provided with an exhaust port (6) at its end, said exhaust port (6) being in communication with the outside atmosphere.
4. A cold shield space partitioned liquid hydrogen storage apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum degree in the cold shield space (5) is not more than 500 pa.
5. A cold screen space-partitioned liquid hydrogen storage plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the para-reforming reactor (3) is a tubular reactor, coiled outside the connection support (7).
6. A liquid hydrogen storage apparatus with a partitioned cold shield space according to claim 1, wherein the cold shield space partition (8) is of a circular ring type, and the cold shield space partition (8) is located between the secondary rotation evaporator (3) and the cooling coil (4) and divides the cold shield space (5) into a lower connection support protection zone and an upper cold shield heat exchange protection zone.
7. The liquid hydrogen storage equipment of claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree of the connection support protection area is not more than 500pa, the vacuum degree of the cold shield heat exchange protection area is not more than 200pa, and the vacuum degree of the cold shield heat exchange protection area is less than the vacuum degree of the connection support protection area.
8. A cold screen space-partitioned liquid hydrogen storage plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling coil (4) is coiled around the outer wall of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1).
9. A liquid hydrogen storage facility with a partitioned cold screen space according to claim 2, characterized in that the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is one of a spherical tank, a cylindrical tank or a tank with hemispherical heads; the external heat-insulating layer (2) is one of a spherical tank, a cylindrical tank or a storage tank with a hemispherical head.
10. A cold screen space-partitioned liquid hydrogen storage apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the secondary reformer (3) is filled with a hydrogen secondary reforming catalyst.
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