CN117625470A - Biological microbial agent for kitchen waste treatment and waste treatment process - Google Patents
Biological microbial agent for kitchen waste treatment and waste treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to microorganisms or enzymes; the technical field of the composition of the biological bacterial agent, in particular to a biological bacterial agent for kitchen waste treatment and a waste treatment process. The biological agent comprises a microbial agent and modified zeolite. The invention also provides a preparation method and a kitchen waste treatment process. Compared with the prior art, the biological agent prepared by the invention has the advantages of high degradation efficiency, good fertilizer efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to microorganisms or enzymes; the technical field of the composition, in particular to a biological microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment and a waste treatment process.
Background
Kitchen waste mainly refers to loss of quality and quantity of food in the process of a supply chain in the production, harvesting and processing stages, and mainly comprises food waste such as rice, noodles, meat, vegetables and fruits. The main chemical components of the food are starch, protein, lipid, cellulose, inorganic salt and the like, and the food also contains abundant trace elements. The special components of kitchen waste determine the risk of environmental damage and the potential of being converted into renewable resources. The kitchen garbage has relatively high water content and organic matter content, is easy to rot and deteriorate when the environment temperature is increased, and the produced malodorous gas, toxic and harmful substances and pathogenic bacteria not only cause environmental pollution, but also harm the health of human bodies. However, the high organic content and rich nutrient elements in kitchen waste can be converted into new resources by proper treatment and processing. The method utilizes the anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste to produce methane, hydrogen, organic acid, biofuel and other resource utilization approaches, and compared with the traditional garbage treatment mode, the method not only avoids the pollution of kitchen waste to the ecological environment, but also reduces the energy pressure, thereby being an environment-friendly technology with good economic and environmental benefits and sustainable development.
The kitchen waste treatment means that the kitchen waste is placed under a controllable condition, and is rapidly and effectively decomposed or degraded by a physical, chemical or biological treatment method, so that harmless, reduction and recycling are realized. The common kitchen garbage treatment technology mainly comprises sanitary landfill, incineration, feed conversion, crushing and direct discharge, aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation treatment technology and the like. Generally, when selecting kitchen waste treatment technology, the feasibility and reliability of the technology, investment and operation cost, environmental pollution and control, value of resource utilization, influence on human health and the like are comprehensively considered.
Chinese patent 202210503950.0 discloses a composite microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment and a preparation method thereofA method for producing organic fertilizer by using a composite microbial inoculum for processing kitchen waste, in particular to the technical field of kitchen waste processing. The kitchen waste treatment composite microbial agent is a porous carrier loaded with a plurality of microbial agents; the plurality of microbial agents includes: bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus methylotrophicus, pseudomonas; the initial viable bacteria concentration of the bacillus cereus, the bacillus licheniformis and the bacillus methylotrophicus is independently not less than 1 multiplied by 10 10 cfu/g; the initial viable bacteria concentration of the pseudomonas is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g; the porous carrier is modified sepiolite, modified medical stone or modified zeolite. After the kitchen waste is fermented by the composite microbial inoculum for preparing the organic fertilizer, the required time is greatly shortened, the organic content of the prepared organic fertilizer is high, and the germination rate of seeds can be improved.
Chinese patent 202011033804.3 discloses a composite microbial agent for efficiently degrading high-grease kitchen waste and a preparation method thereof. The compound microbial agent provided by the invention comprises aspergillus oryzae powder, bacillus licheniformis powder, candida lipolytica powder, bacillus aceticus powder, bacillus coagulans powder and azotobacter chroococcus powder, is used for researching the compounding of various microorganisms, and when the compounding ratio of aspergillus oryzae powder, bacillus licheniformis powder, candida lipolytica powder, bacillus aceticus, bacillus coagulans and azotobacter chroococcus powder is 2:1:1.2:1.5:2:1, the degradation rate of kitchen waste can reach above 92% when the inoculation amount is 4%, and the main components (cellulose, grease, starch and protein) of the kitchen waste can be effectively degraded, so that the kitchen waste can be fully fermented.
The aerobic composting technology is one of the important harmless, reduction and recycling methods for treating kitchen wastes, however, the problems of longer treatment period, lower product quality, greenhouse gas emission, odor emission and the like of the conventional aerobic composting technology severely limit the popularization and application of the aerobic composting technology in the community level. Fatty acid generated by degrading kitchen waste oil often adheres to the surfaces of microorganisms to prevent substance transfer of thalli, and the thalli are wrapped by undegraded grease to lose activity. Therefore, the development of a kitchen waste treatment mode with higher efficiency and less odor has great application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a biological agent for kitchen waste treatment and a waste treatment process.
The aerobic composting is to convert organic matters into safe and stable humus through mineralization and humification under the action of microorganisms. However, microorganisms can decarboxylate proteins and amino acids during humification, which is accompanied by the generation of large amounts of malodorous gases. Research has shown that a large amount of NH can be generated in the composting process of kitchen waste 3 、H 2 S、CS 2 Malodorous gases such as thioethers, thiols, and the like, wherein NH 3 And H 2 S is the odor with the highest emission concentration. NH (NH) 3 Mainly from the degradation of nitrogen-containing organic matters (proteins, polypeptides, etc.), which are hydrolyzed into small molecular nitrogen-containing matters such as amino acids, amino sugar, etc. under the mediation of microorganisms, and then deaminated and converted into NH by the action of microbial enzymes 4 + ，NH 4 + Conversion to NH by hydrolysis 3 。H 2 S is generally considered to be the most predominant malodorous substance in composting and is produced in two major ways, one of which is the reduction of sulfate or sulfite in the heap to H by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) 2 S, S; the other generation path is that the sulfur-containing organic matters in the pile body are degraded and generated into H by the sulfate reducing bacteria playing a leading role in an anaerobic environment 2 S, H generated 2 S is dissolved in water, and when the water body is in a saturated state and the pile body temperature is high, redundant H is formed 2 S will be discharged into the environment. Meanwhile, cysteine can be directly degraded into H under anaerobic condition 2 S。
Because the zeolite has a relatively open framework structure and a plurality of pore canals inside, the volume of the crystal cavity is close to half of the volume of the zeolite, the zeolite has a large specific surface area, the pore canals can form a large cavity after high-temperature calcination and dehydration, and a large number of molecules, especially substances with large polarity, can be adsorbed or stored, and the zeolite has the advantages of high adsorption efficiency, high activity, low cost, and the likeHigh selectivity and high performance. The cationic surfactant is a nitrogen-containing organic amine derivative, and the zeolite surface presents negative charge due to the presence of Al of the zeolite, so that the cationic surfactant mainly positively charged sites are electrostatically attracted to the zeolite surface. Because the cationic surfactant molecules are larger than the pore diameter of zeolite, the cationic surfactant cannot enter the pore canal of zeolite and can only be adsorbed on the surface of zeolite, the positively charged head of the cationic surfactant acts on the adsorption active site of zeolite through coulomb force electrostatic attraction, and the hydrophobic group is exposed in water. According to the invention, the zeolite is modified, alkali treatment is firstly carried out, then hexadecane-ketone trimethyl ammonium bromide treatment is carried out, so that the zeolite has good hydrophobic and oleophylic properties, the microbial agent is loaded in the zeolite, so that fatty acid generated after kitchen waste oil is degraded can be prevented from adhering to the surface of the microorganism, the substance transfer of the thallus is hindered, and in addition, undegraded grease can be adsorbed on the surface of the zeolite without losing the activity of the thallus. Ammonia can react with hexadecane-ketone trimethyl ammonium bromide to further play a role in adsorbing formaldehyde, and pore channels in zeolite can play a good role in adsorption. The nitrogen fixing bacteria have the function of nitrogen protection, and can keep nitrogen elements in organic matters in the composting process, so that fermentation products can keep as much nitrogen as possible, and the fertilizer efficiency of the fermentation products is improved; thiobacillus can promote the conversion of organic sulfur and elemental sulfur into sulfate, effectively improve the proportion of effective sulfur in compost and reduce H 2 Generating malodorous gas such as S; the bacillus has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, rapid reviving, strong enzyme secretion capacity and the like, can rapidly degrade macromolecular substances in organic matters, generates bacteriocin to inhibit pathogenic bacteria, and has deodorizing effect; the saccharomycete can quickly decompose organic matters and has deodorizing effect. Pediococcus acidilactici has the characteristics of salt resistance, acid resistance and thermophilic property, can generate high-activity protease and amylase, and can effectively improve the fermentation treatment effect. The biological agent has good degradation effect on kitchen waste, and the microbial agent can be loaded into the kitchen waste by modifying zeolite to protect the bacteria and absorb peculiar smell.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a biological microbial agent for kitchen waste treatment, which comprises a microbial agent and modified zeolite.
Further, the microbial agent comprises azotobacter, thiobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pediococcus acidilactici, and the mass ratio is 10-20:5-20:10-30:15-30:10-20.
Further, the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the modified zeolite is 0.02-0.1:1.
Further, the strain included in the microbial agent is added in the form of a bacterial liquid, and the preparation method of the bacterial liquid is as follows: activating, culturing and fermenting the tested strain to obtain bacterial liquid.
Further, the effective viable count in the microbial compound microbial inoculum is more than 10 10 CFU/g。
The preparation method of the biological agent comprises the following steps:
x1, cleaning 5-10 parts by weight of zeolite, crushing, sieving, drying, adding 8-10 times of 4-6 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, stirring for 4-8 hours at 45-65 ℃, filtering, washing residues with water, and drying for the next step;
2, adding 2.5-4.5 parts by weight of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into 30-60 parts by weight of mixed solution of acetone and water (volume ratio=1:5), adding 1.0-3.8 parts by weight of tert-butyl hydroperoxide and 0.01-0.05 part by weight of SBA-15 supported Au catalyst, heating to 60-80 ℃, stirring for 24-48 hours, cooling to room temperature, filtering, and concentrating filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain hexadecyl-ketone trimethyl ammonium bromide;
x3 adding 4-6 parts by weight of zeolite obtained in the step X1 into ethanol with the volume of 8-10 times, adding 1.5-4.5 parts by weight of hexadecane-ketone trimethyl ammonium bromide, standing for 4-6 hours, filtering, washing residues with ethanol, and drying to obtain modified zeolite;
x4, respectively activating nitrogen-fixing bacteria, thiobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pediococcus acidilactici for 3 times, transferring the activated nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the thiobacillus, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the pediococcus acidilactici into a seed tank, and preparing seed liquid by the seed tank with the inoculum size of 3-4wt% and the tank pressure of 0.02 Mpa-0.04 Mpa, the stirring rotation speed of 40-50 r/min, the culture temperature of 30-35 ℃ and the culture time of 8-16 h; inoculating the seed liquid into a fermentation tank according to the inoculum size of 5-6wt%, culturing at 30-35 ℃ and with dissolved oxygen less than 100mL/L, stirring at 40-50 r/min, and fermenting and culturing for 20h under the pressure of 0.02-0.04 MPa; and (3) obtaining bacterial liquid after fermentation, and mixing the bacterial liquid with modified zeolite to obtain the biological microbial inoculum.
A kitchen waste treatment process comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from kitchen waste, crushing, squeezing and granulating to obtain pretreated kitchen waste;
s2, uniformly mixing the pretreated kitchen waste with wood chips and biological bacteria, and controlling the water content to be 40-60% to obtain a compost raw material;
and S3, composting the compost raw material to obtain a compost product.
Further, the particle size of the pretreated kitchen waste is 15-30 mm.
Further, the mass ratio of the kitchen waste to the wood dust to the biological microbial inoculum is (8-10), 0.8-1 and 1-3.
Furthermore, the material pile is trapezoid during composting, the material pile is turned over every day in the composting process, the temperature of the material pile is controlled to be less than 55 ℃, and the composting process is divided into three stages of heating, high temperature and decomposition, and fermentation is carried out for 15-25 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the nitrogen fixing bacteria in the biological bacteria agent has the function of nitrogen protection, and can keep nitrogen elements in organic matters in the composting process, so that fermentation products can keep as much nitrogen as possible, and the fertilizer efficiency of the fermentation products is improved; thiobacillus can promote the conversion of organic sulfur and elemental sulfur into sulfate, effectively improve the proportion of effective sulfur in compost and reduce H 2 Generating malodorous gas such as S; the bacillus has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, rapid reviving, strong enzyme secretion capacity and the like, can rapidly degrade macromolecular substances in organic matters, generates bacteriocin to inhibit pathogenic bacteria, and has deodorizing effect; the saccharomycete can quickly decompose organic matters and has deodorizing effect. Pediococcus acidilactici has the characteristics of salt resistance, acid resistance and thermophilic property, can generate high-activity protease and amylase, and can effectively improve the fermentation treatment effect.
2. Compared with the prior art, the biological agent can be adsorbed by the modified porous zeolite in a large amount, and the microbial agent in the porous carrier can survive by utilizing the nutrient substances of kitchen waste when the kitchen waste is fermented, so that more organic substances in the kitchen waste are fermented by the fermentation microbial agent, and the modified zeolite can also protect thalli, adsorb grease and remove peculiar smell.
Detailed Description
The azotobacter chroococcus CGMCC1.9044, the Mastra desulfurization bacillus CGMCC1.3477, the bacillus subtilis CGMCC1.821, the bacillus licheniformis CGMCC1.3477 and the pediococcus acidilactici CGMCC1.12332 are all from the China general microbiological culture collection center.
SBA-15 carries Au catalyst, au content is 3.5-5%, and the Au catalyst is derived from the Siam Yue biotechnology.
Comparative example 1
A kitchen waste treatment process comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from kitchen waste, crushing, squeezing and granulating, wherein the particle size is 20mm, so that pretreated kitchen waste is obtained;
s2, uniformly mixing 10kg of pretreated kitchen waste with 0.8kg of wood dust and 0.09kg of biological bacteria, and controlling the water content to be 55% to obtain a compost raw material;
s3, composting the compost raw material to obtain a compost product; the composting process is divided into three stages of heating, high temperature and decomposing, and fermentation is carried out for 20 days.
The preparation method of the biological agent comprises the following steps:
weighing azotobacter chroococcus, desulfurizing bacillus Mastraensis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pediococcus acidilactici according to the mass ratio of 15:10:20:25:15 respectively, and transferring the azotobacter chroococcus fuscosus, the bacillus Mastraensis, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the pediococcus acidilactici into a seed tank through 3 times of activation, wherein the inoculation amount is 3%, the tank pressure is 0.02Mpa, the stirring rotation speed is 50r/min, the culture temperature is 35 ℃, and the culture time is 12 hours to prepare seed liquid; then inoculating the seed liquid into a fermentation tank according to the inoculum size of 5%, culturing at 35 ℃ and with dissolved oxygen less than 100mL/L, stirring at 40r/min, and fermenting and culturing for 20h under the pressure of 0.04 MPa; and (5) obtaining the biological microbial inoculum after fermentation.
Example 1
A kitchen waste treatment process comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from kitchen waste, crushing, squeezing and granulating, wherein the particle size is 20mm, so that pretreated kitchen waste is obtained;
s2, uniformly mixing 10kg of pretreated kitchen waste with 0.8kg of wood dust and 1kg of biological bacteria agent, and controlling the water content to be 55% to obtain a compost raw material;
s3, composting the compost raw material to obtain a compost product; the composting process is divided into three stages of heating, high temperature and decomposing, and fermentation is carried out for 20 days.
The preparation method of the biological agent comprises the following steps:
x1, cleaning 1kg of zeolite, crushing, sieving, drying, adding 8 times of 4mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, stirring at 60 ℃ for 8 hours, filtering, washing residues with water, and drying at 70 ℃ for 8 hours for the next step;
x2, adding 0.35kg of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into 0.5kg of mixed solution of acetone and water (volume ratio=1:5), adding 0.3kg of tert-butyl hydroperoxide and 2.5g of SBA-15 supported Au catalyst, heating to 70 ℃ and stirring for 38h, cooling to room temperature, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure at 45 ℃ and minus 0.9MPa to obtain hexadecyl-ketotrimethyl ammonium bromide;
x3 adding 0.5kg of the zeolite obtained in the step X1 into ethanol with 8 times of volume, adding 0.35kg of hexadecane-ketone trimethyl ammonium bromide, standing for 6 hours, filtering, washing residues with ethanol, and drying to obtain modified zeolite;
x4, weighing azotobacter chroococcus, mastra desulfurization bacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pediococcus acidilactici according to the mass ratio of 15:10:20:25:15 respectively, and then transferring the azotobacter chroococcus, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the pediococcus acidilactici into a seed tank through 3 times of activation, wherein the inoculation amount is 3wt%, the tank pressure is 0.02Mpa, the stirring rotation speed is 50r/min, the culture temperature is 35 ℃, and the culture time is 12 hours to prepare seed liquid; then inoculating the seed solution into a fermentation tank according to the inoculum size of 5wt%, wherein the culture temperature is 35 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is less than 100mL/L, the stirring rotation speed is 40r/min, the tank pressure is 0.04MPa, and the fermentation culture is carried out for 20h; and (3) obtaining bacterial liquid after fermentation, and mixing the bacterial liquid with modified zeolite according to the mass ratio of 0.1:1 to obtain the biological microbial inoculum.
Example 2
A kitchen waste treatment process comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from kitchen waste, crushing, squeezing and granulating, wherein the particle size is 20mm, so that pretreated kitchen waste is obtained;
s2, uniformly mixing 10kg of pretreated kitchen waste with 0.8kg of wood dust and 1kg of biological bacteria agent, and controlling the water content to be 55% to obtain a compost raw material;
s3, composting the compost raw material to obtain a compost product; the composting process is divided into three stages of heating, high temperature and decomposing, and fermentation is carried out for 20 days.
The preparation method of the biological agent comprises the following steps:
the azotobacter chroococcus, the Mastra desulfurization bacillus, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the pediococcus acidilactici are respectively weighed according to the mass ratio of 15:10:20:25:15, and then are transferred into a seed tank, the inoculum size is 3%, the tank pressure is 0.02Mpa, the stirring rotation speed is 50r/min, the culture temperature is 35 ℃, and the culture time is 12 hours, so that seed liquid is prepared; then inoculating the seed liquid into a fermentation tank according to the inoculum size of 5%, culturing at 35 ℃ and with dissolved oxygen less than 100mL/L, stirring at 40r/min, and fermenting and culturing for 20h under the pressure of 0.04 MPa; and (3) obtaining bacterial liquid after fermentation, and mixing the bacterial liquid with zeolite according to the mass ratio of 0.1:1 to obtain the biological bacterial agent.
Example 3
A kitchen waste treatment process comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from kitchen waste, crushing, squeezing and granulating, wherein the particle size is 20mm, so that pretreated kitchen waste is obtained;
s2, uniformly mixing 10kg of pretreated kitchen waste with 0.8kg of wood dust and 1kg of biological bacteria agent, and controlling the water content to be 55% to obtain a compost raw material;
s3, composting the compost raw material to obtain a compost product; the composting process is divided into three stages of heating, high temperature and decomposing, and fermentation is carried out for 20 days.
The preparation method of the biological agent comprises the following steps:
x1, cleaning 1kg of zeolite, crushing, sieving, drying, adding 8 times of 4mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, stirring at 60 ℃ for 8 hours, filtering, washing residues with water, and drying at 70 ℃ for 8 hours for the next step;
x2, adding 0.35kg of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into 0.5kg of mixed solution of acetone and water (volume ratio=1:5), adding 0.3kg of tert-butyl hydroperoxide and 2.5g of SBA-15 supported Au catalyst, heating to 70 ℃ and stirring for 38h, cooling to room temperature, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure at 45 ℃ and minus 0.9MPa to obtain hexadecyl-ketotrimethyl ammonium bromide;
x3 adding 0.5kg of the zeolite obtained in the step X1 into ethanol with 8 times of volume, adding 0.35kg of hexadecane-ketone trimethyl ammonium bromide, standing for 6 hours, filtering, washing residues with ethanol, and drying to obtain modified zeolite;
x4, weighing azotobacter chroococcus, mastra desulfurization bacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pediococcus acidilactici according to the mass ratio of 15:10:20:25:15 respectively, and then transferring the azotobacter chroococcus, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the pediococcus acidilactici into a seed tank through 3 times of activation, wherein the inoculation amount is 3wt%, the tank pressure is 0.02Mpa, the stirring rotation speed is 50r/min, the culture temperature is 35 ℃, and the culture time is 12 hours to prepare seed liquid; then inoculating the seed solution into a fermentation tank according to the inoculum size of 5wt%, wherein the culture temperature is 35 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is less than 100mL/L, the stirring rotation speed is 40r/min, the tank pressure is 0.04MPa, and the fermentation culture is carried out for 20h; and (3) obtaining bacterial liquid after fermentation, and mixing the bacterial liquid with modified zeolite according to the mass ratio of 0.05:1 to obtain the biological microbial inoculum.
Example 4
A kitchen waste treatment process comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from kitchen waste, crushing, squeezing and granulating, wherein the particle size is 20mm, so that pretreated kitchen waste is obtained;
s2, uniformly mixing 10kg of pretreated kitchen waste with 0.8kg of wood dust and 1kg of biological bacteria agent, and controlling the water content to be 55% to obtain a compost raw material;
s3, composting the compost raw material to obtain a compost product; the composting process is divided into three stages of heating, high temperature and decomposing, and fermentation is carried out for 20 days.
The preparation method of the biological agent comprises the following steps:
x1, cleaning 1kg of zeolite, crushing, sieving, drying, adding 8 times of 4mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, stirring at 60 ℃ for 8 hours, filtering, washing residues with water, and drying at 70 ℃ for 8 hours for the next step;
x2, adding 0.35kg of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into 0.5kg of mixed solution of acetone and water (volume ratio=1:5), adding 0.3kg of tert-butyl hydroperoxide and 2.5g of SBA-15 supported Au catalyst, heating to 70 ℃ and stirring for 38h, cooling to room temperature, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure at 45 ℃ and minus 0.9MPa to obtain hexadecyl-ketotrimethyl ammonium bromide;
x3 adding 0.5kg of the zeolite obtained in the step X1 into ethanol with 8 times of volume, adding 0.35kg of hexadecane-ketone trimethyl ammonium bromide, standing for 6 hours, filtering, washing residues with ethanol, and drying to obtain modified zeolite;
x4, weighing azotobacter chroococcus, mastra desulfurization bacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pediococcus acidilactici according to the mass ratio of 15:10:20:25:15 respectively, and then transferring the azotobacter chroococcus, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the pediococcus acidilactici into a seed tank through 3 times of activation, wherein the inoculation amount is 3wt%, the tank pressure is 0.02Mpa, the stirring rotation speed is 50r/min, the culture temperature is 35 ℃, and the culture time is 12 hours to prepare seed liquid; then inoculating the seed solution into a fermentation tank according to the inoculum size of 5wt%, wherein the culture temperature is 35 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is less than 100mL/L, the stirring rotation speed is 40r/min, the tank pressure is 0.04MPa, and the fermentation culture is carried out for 20h; and (3) obtaining bacterial liquid after fermentation, and mixing the bacterial liquid with modified zeolite according to the mass ratio of 0.05:1 to obtain the biological microbial inoculum.
Test example 1
Mixing 50mL of biological agent prepared in comparative example and example with equal volume of n-hexane, adding oil, oscillating for 5min, standing for 5min, extracting residual oil in serum bottle with n-hexane, covering with rubber plug, and oscillating3min, standing for 5min until the water phase and the oil phase are thoroughly separated, separating n-hexane after taking the oil phase extracted by n-hexane, and keeping the rest as oil content and oil degradation rate (%) = (m) Amount of oil –m Residual oil and fat amount /m Initial amount of grease ) X 100%. The biological agents prepared in the comparative example and the example are placed in a U-shaped adsorption column, nitrogen purging is carried out before ammonia is adsorbed, and the flow rate of the ammonia is 239mg/m 3 The adsorption time was 30min, and the ammonia adsorption amount was measured.
TABLE 1 results of oil absorption and deodorization tests for biological inoculants
| Experimental protocol | Grease degradation rate/% | Ammonia adsorption amount/mg/g |
| Comparative example 1 | 62.1 | 157.6 |
| Example 1 | 86.5 | 220.4 |
| Example 2 | 74.3 | 189.4 |
| Example 3 | 82.3 | 210.3 |
| Example 4 | 80.1 | 211.6 |
From the oil degradation rate, it can be seen that the oil degradation is most effective in the zeolite modified examples, and this is probably because the modified zeolite surface has hydrophobic lipophilic groups and is therefore capable of adsorbing oil, so the oil degradation effect is better than that of the unmodified zeolite. From the ammonia adsorption amount, it was found that the zeolite was improved in porous structure after modification and thus the adsorption effect on ammonia was significantly improved as compared with example 2, and that the hexadecane-one trimethyl ammonium bromide modified with zeolite in example 1 had the ability to bind with amino groups and thus the adsorption amount on ammonia was greater.
Test example 2
10g of the organic fertilizer prepared in the comparative example and the example are respectively taken, 100mL of water is added, shaking is carried out for 1h under the condition of 160rpm, the supernatant is filtered to obtain wet filter paper, the wet filter paper is paved in a culture dish, 2 layers of the wet filter paper are continuously paved, 100 radish seeds are respectively taken and planted in the culture dish of the filter paper soaked by the organic fertilizer, and the filter paper is cultivated under the dark condition, and is replaced every 12 h. And continuously observing for 5 days, and counting the germination conditions of each group of seeds. Germination was considered to be when the bud length exceeded 1/2 of the seed length. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of organic fertilizers on crop germination
| Experimental protocol | Germination rate/% |
| Comparative example 1 | 75 |
| Example 1 | 100 |
| Example 2 | 85 |
| Example 3 | 80 |
| Example 4 | 90 |
As can be seen from comparison of comparative example 1 and example 1, when the microbial agent added is directly added into kitchen waste to ferment to obtain organic fertilizer without being coated by zeolite, the fertilizer efficiency is greatly affected, and it is possible that fatty acid generated after degradation of kitchen waste oil often adheres to the surface of microorganism to hinder mass transfer of the microbial agent, and the microbial agent is not activated by the non-degraded grease to be coated by the microbial agent, so that the microbial agent cannot exert the optimal effect. In example 1, the microbial cells were not only protected but also oil and odor were absorbed by the microbial cells, and in example 2, the zeolite was not modified, so that the zeolite could not adsorb oil well, and the microbial cells could be affected. In examples 3 to 4, the mass ratio of the microbial inoculum to zeolite was different from that in example 1, and when the mass of the microbial inoculum was small, the fermentation effect was affected, and when the mass was large, the loading effect was affected, and finally the fertilizer efficiency was affected, resulting in different germination rates.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by the person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A biological agent for kitchen waste treatment is characterized in that: including microbial agents and modified zeolites.
2. The biological agent of claim 1, wherein: the microbial agent comprises azotobacter, thiobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pediococcus acidilactici, wherein the mass ratio is 10-20:5-20:10-30:15-30:10-20.
3. The biological agent of claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the modified zeolite is 0.02-0.2:1.
4. The biological agent of claim 1, wherein: the strain included in the microbial agent is added in the form of bacterial liquid, and the preparation method of the bacterial liquid comprises the following steps: activating, culturing and fermenting the tested strain to obtain bacterial liquid.
5. The biological agent of claim 1, wherein: the effective viable count in the microbial compound microbial inoculum is more than 10 10 CFU/g。
6. A method for preparing the biological agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
x1, washing zeolite, sieving, drying and then carrying out alkali treatment;
x2, modifying cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to obtain cetyl-ketone trimethyl ammonium bromide;
x3, modifying the alkali-treated zeolite by hexadecane-ketone trimethyl ammonium bromide to obtain modified zeolite;
and X4, activating, culturing and fermenting azotobacter, thiobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pediococcus acidilactici to obtain bacterial liquid, and mixing the bacterial liquid with modified zeolite to obtain the biological microbial inoculum.
7. The kitchen waste treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, removing impurities from kitchen waste, crushing, squeezing and granulating to obtain pretreated kitchen waste;
s2, uniformly mixing the pretreated kitchen waste with wood chips and biological bacteria, and controlling the water content to be 40-60% to obtain a compost raw material;
and S3, composting the compost raw material to obtain a compost product.
8. The process of claim 7, wherein: the particle size of the pretreated kitchen waste is 15-30 mm.
9. The process of claim 7, wherein: the mass ratio of the kitchen waste to the wood chips to the biological microbial inoculum is (8-10), 0.8-1 and 1-3.
10. The process of claim 7, wherein: the composting process is divided into three stages of heating, high temperature and decomposing, and fermentation is carried out for 15-25 days.
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| US20070210006A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-09-13 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Surface-Modified Zeolite and Process for Synthesis Thereof for Sequestration of Anions |
| CN106148233A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-11-23 | 标优美生态工程股份有限公司 | A kind of pediococcus acidilactici and the application in changing food waste thereof |
| CN111841504A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-30 | 上海交通大学 | Biological deodorant utilizing microbial metabolism and preparation method thereof |
| CN116041093A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-05-02 | 长沙中联重科环境产业有限公司 | Kitchen waste treating agent and kitchen waste treating method |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070210006A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-09-13 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Surface-Modified Zeolite and Process for Synthesis Thereof for Sequestration of Anions |
| CN106148233A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-11-23 | 标优美生态工程股份有限公司 | A kind of pediococcus acidilactici and the application in changing food waste thereof |
| CN111841504A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-30 | 上海交通大学 | Biological deodorant utilizing microbial metabolism and preparation method thereof |
| CN116041093A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-05-02 | 长沙中联重科环境产业有限公司 | Kitchen waste treating agent and kitchen waste treating method |
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