CN117625295B - 一种干膜润滑剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种干膜润滑剂及其制备方法,涉及润滑剂技术领域,润滑剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:将纤维素硝酸酯溶于丙酮中,将聚氨酯、十二烷苄基二甲基溴化铵溶于醋酸乙酯中,二者混合均匀得到混合溶液,然后将氮化硼胶囊、改性氧化石墨烯分散入混合溶液中,800~1200r/min搅拌10~20min,即得;制备得到的干膜润滑剂具有优越的黏附性能、柔韧性、耐热性、抗菌性和润滑性,不易产生流挂缺陷,能够适应不同的工作环境,可显著改善零部件之间的磨合,减少噪音,延长零件的工作寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑剂技术领域,具体涉及一种干膜润滑剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
干膜或半干膜润滑剂又称干式润滑剂。一般概念的干膜(式)润滑剂是以无机或有机胶粘剂(有机树脂如丙烯酸、酚基、环氧树脂、聚氨酯树脂、纤维素及无机硅酸盐、磷酸盐)为载体。与固体润滑剂(最常用的有二硫化钼、石墨、聚四氟乙烯)和添加剂(如金属转化物、滑石粉、软金属、金属氧化物、层状物质、防锈剂)以及烃类物质或水为溶剂组成。通过喷涂到所需部位,硬化后形成高度粘结的干膜。这类干膜润滑剂实际上是胶粘剂溶液中的固体润滑剂的悬浮剂。此干膜润滑剂用途很广,几乎遍及电子设备,轮轨、航空发动机、金属加工、金属轧制、及金属拉拔加工等。
工业润滑剂的主要作用是降低摩擦表面的摩擦损伤。但由于工业机械的范围很广,各种机械对润滑油的要求除了降低摩擦和磨损之外,还有一些随着工作环境和工作条件的不同而提出的特殊要求。
食品工业包装生产线,最初是半自动灌装系统,其生产线输瓶速度低,输瓶链板没有使用润滑剂,瓶子与链条之间、链条与链条轨道之间以及链条接口处于干摩擦状态,对链条的磨损较为严重,因此开始采用皂液浸泡槽对链条进行润滑,在一定程度上减缓链条磨损。随着食品饮料加工企业迅猛壮大,自动化程度不断提高,灌装机的灌装速度不断加快,灌装速度可达到12万瓶/小时。而灌装速度的提高,也使浸泡式链条润滑逐渐被自动喷淋式链条润滑所替代,因此对润滑剂的要求也变得更高。现在的润滑剂应该满足以下要求:
润滑性,灌装机的灌装速度和链条的输送速度快,因此要求链条润滑剂具备优异的抗磨性能和平滑性能。
低泡性:泡沫会导致自动光检系统将合格的产品判定为不合格,严重降低生产效率,因此润滑剂要求泡沫越低越好。
清洁、杀菌、抑菌性:润滑剂要求有一定的抑菌、杀菌和清洗能力。在输送过程中,由于包装容器的破损,会有食品撒落在输送带上,同时由于再灌装车间内有合适的温度与湿度,非常适合微生物的生长繁殖,容易产生异味,因此抑菌和清洗性能也是润滑剂的重要指标。
无腐蚀性:润滑剂应对传送带材质无腐蚀,可根据传送带的实际材质的要求添加防腐剂。
中国专利文献201110327984.0公开了一种阀芯密封润滑剂组合物,该组合物包括:100.0重量份的基础油、5.0~35.0重量份的稠化剂、3.0~55.0重量份的固体润滑剂、0.1~3.0重量份的表面处理剂、0.1~2.5重量份的抗氧剂、0.1~4.0重量份的极压抗磨剂、0.1~2.0重量份的金属钝化剂、0.1~1.5重量份的抗菌防霉剂;但是该润滑剂在实际使用过程中润滑效果仍然有待提高。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种干膜润滑剂及其制备方法,制备得到的干膜润滑剂具有优越的黏附性能、柔韧性、耐热性、抗菌性和润滑性,不易产生流挂缺陷,能够适应不同的工作环境,可显著改善零部件之间的磨合,减少噪音,延长零件的工作寿命。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种干膜润滑剂,以重量份数计,由以下组分制成:纤维素硝酸酯3~9份、聚氨酯2~8份、氮化硼胶囊8~12份、改性氧化石墨烯3~6份、十二烷苄基二甲基溴化铵2~5份、醋酸乙酯5~15份、丙酮55~70份。
优选的,所述纤维素硝酸酯中氮含量为8.0~12wt%。
优选的,所述氮化硼胶囊的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将氮化硼加入到表面处理液中,搅拌反应,将产物过滤、干燥,得到预处理氮化硼,将石蜡油加入到预处理氮化硼中,搅拌混合均匀,得到石蜡包覆氮化硼;
(2)将烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和聚乙二醇溶于去离子水中,得到水相;将石蜡包覆氮化硼与单体混合,得到油相;搅拌下将油相逐滴加入到水相中,高速剪切分散后得到油水乳液;
(3)持续通入N2,将偶氮二异丁腈加入到油水乳液中,搅拌反应,将产物过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氮化硼胶囊。
优选的,步骤(1)中,表面处理液为硅烷偶联剂、乙醇按重量比1~3:6~8混合而成,氮化硼与表面处理液的重量比为1:8~10,搅拌反应时间为3~6h。
优选的,步骤(1)中,氮化硼的粒径为20~100nm;石蜡油与预处理氮化硼的重量比为10:3~6,搅拌混合时间为20~30min。
优选的,步骤(2)中,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇、去离子水的重量比为0.5~2:0.1~0.5:100;石蜡包覆氮化硼与单体的重量比为10:8~20,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚与石蜡包覆氮化硼的重量比为1.6~8.3:10,高速剪切的速度为1000~2000r/min,分散时间为30~60min。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述单体为丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、醋酸乙烯酯中的一种或多种。
优选的,步骤(3)中,偶氮二异丁腈与单体的重量比为0.01~0.03:1,反应条件为60~75℃下搅拌反应3~5h。
优选的,所述改性氧化石墨烯的制备方法包括如下步骤:将氧化石墨烯分散到3-丙氨基乙氧基硅烷中,搅拌反应,将产物过滤、洗涤、烘干,得到改性氧化石墨烯。
优选的,氧化石墨烯、3-丙氨基乙氧基硅烷的重量比为10:20~40,搅拌反应条件为60~70℃下反应12~18h,用乙醇洗涤3~5次。
本发明还要求保护一种所述干膜润滑剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将纤维素硝酸酯溶于丙酮中,将聚氨酯、十二烷苄基二甲基溴化铵溶于醋酸乙酯中,二者混合均匀得到混合溶液,然后将氮化硼胶囊、改性氧化石墨烯分散入混合溶液中,800~1200r/min搅拌10~20min,得到所述干膜润滑剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1)本发明提供了一种干膜润滑剂,通过对氮化硼和氧化石墨烯进行改性,有效解决了无机粒子容易团聚和沉降的问题,二者协同能够充分发挥出润滑剂的减摩抗摩性能,制备得到的干膜润滑剂具有优越的黏附性能、柔韧性、耐热性、抗菌性和润滑性,不易产生流挂缺陷,能够适应不同的工作环境,可显著改善零部件之间的磨合,减少噪音,延长零件的工作寿命。
2)本发明提供了一种氮化硼胶囊,氮化硼具有类似石墨的层状结构,有良好的润滑性、耐热性,本发明对其改性制成胶囊结构,首先由表面处理液对氮化硼进行有机化处理,然后将石蜡包覆在氮化硼颗粒表面制成石蜡包覆氮化硼,石蜡能够吸收摩擦过程中产生的摩擦热,提高材料的耐磨性能;而后以烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚为乳化剂、聚乙二醇为助乳化剂,将其溶于水中得到水相,将石蜡包覆氮化硼与亲油性单体混合并滴加到水相中形成油水乳液,最后在亲油性引发剂偶氮二异丁腈的引发下,形成以石蜡包覆氮化硼为囊芯、聚合物为囊壁的氮化硼胶囊;在纳米氮化硼表面引入聚合物分子对氮化硼进行微胶囊包覆后,能够提高其在润滑剂中的分散性能,使之充分发挥出减摩降摩性能;氮化硼胶囊还具有一定的自修复功能,经过胶囊化处理的氮化硼微粒能够填平摩擦表面的凹陷处,及时补充磨损部位,使摩擦表面始终处于较为平整的状态,提高对偶面的减摩抗摩性能。
3)本发明提供了一种改性氧化石墨烯,以3-丙氨基乙氧基硅烷对石墨烯进行有机化改性,一方面能够提高其在润滑剂基体中的稳定性和分散性,防止其团聚或沉淀,另一方面其能够与润滑剂体系中的聚氨酯发生反应,从而提高氧化石墨烯与其他组分的界面强度,提高干膜润滑剂的耐磨损性和耐腐蚀性;氧化石墨烯具有片层结构,层间为范德华力连接,容易相互滑动,能够赋予润滑剂优异的机械性能和自润滑性能。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚,以下结合实施例,对本发明作进一步的详细说明。当然,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
如无特殊说明外,本发明中的化学试剂和材料均通过市场途径购买或通过市场途径购买的原料合成。
氮化硼购自南宫市盈泰金属材料有限公司;
氧化石墨烯购自北京美斯顿科技开发有限公司,微片厚度为5~10nm。
下面通过具体实施例,来对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种干膜润滑剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将1g氮化硼加入到10g表面处理液(硅烷偶联剂、乙醇按重量比2:8混合而成)中,搅拌反应6h,将产物过滤、干燥,得到预处理氮化硼,将10g石蜡油加入到6g预处理氮化硼中,搅拌30min混合均匀,得到石蜡包覆氮化硼;
(2)将2g烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和0.5g聚乙二醇溶于100g去离子水中,得到水相;将10g石蜡包覆氮化硼与20g甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合,得到油相;搅拌下将油相逐滴加入到水相中,2000r/min下高速剪切分散60min后得到油水乳液;其中,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚与石蜡包覆氮化硼的重量比为8.3:10;
(3)持续通入N2,将偶氮二异丁腈加入到油水乳液中(偶氮二异丁腈与单体的重量比为0.03:1),75℃下搅拌反应5h,将产物过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氮化硼胶囊;
(4)将10g氧化石墨烯分散到40g 3-丙氨基乙氧基硅烷中,70℃下搅拌反应18h,将产物过滤,用乙醇洗涤5次、烘干,得到改性氧化石墨烯;
(5)将9g纤维素硝酸酯溶于70g丙酮中,将8g聚氨酯、5g十二烷苄基二甲基溴化铵溶于15g醋酸乙酯中,二者混合均匀得到混合溶液,然后将12g氮化硼胶囊、6g改性氧化石墨烯分散入混合溶液中,1000r/min搅拌15min,得到所述干膜润滑剂。
实施例2
一种干膜润滑剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将1g氮化硼加入到9g表面处理液(硅烷偶联剂、乙醇按重量比2:8混合而成)中,搅拌反应5h,将产物过滤、干燥,得到预处理氮化硼,将10g石蜡油加入到5g预处理氮化硼中,搅拌25min混合均匀,得到石蜡包覆氮化硼;
(2)将1.5g烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和0.4g聚乙二醇溶于100g去离子水中,得到水相;将10g石蜡包覆氮化硼与15g丙烯酸丁酯混合,得到油相;搅拌下将油相逐滴加入到水相中,1500r/min下高速剪切分散45min后得到油水乳液;其中,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚与石蜡包覆氮化硼的重量比为4.6:10;
(3)持续通入N2,将偶氮二异丁腈加入到油水乳液中(偶氮二异丁腈与单体的重量比为0.02:1),70℃下搅拌反应4h,将产物过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氮化硼胶囊;
(4)将10g氧化石墨烯分散到30g 3-丙氨基乙氧基硅烷中,65℃下搅拌反应16h,将产物过滤,用乙醇洗涤3次、烘干,得到改性氧化石墨烯;
(5)将5g纤维素硝酸酯溶于65g丙酮中,将5g聚氨酯、4g十二烷苄基二甲基溴化铵溶于10g醋酸乙酯中,二者混合均匀得到混合溶液,然后将10g氮化硼胶囊、5g改性氧化石墨烯分散入混合溶液中,1000r/min搅拌15min,得到所述干膜润滑剂。
实施例3
一种干膜润滑剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将1g氮化硼加入到8g表面处理液(硅烷偶联剂、乙醇按重量比2:8混合而成)中,搅拌反应3h,将产物过滤、干燥,得到预处理氮化硼,将10g石蜡油加入到3g预处理氮化硼中,搅拌20min混合均匀,得到石蜡包覆氮化硼;
(2)将0.5g烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和0.1g聚乙二醇溶于100g去离子水中,得到水相;将10g石蜡包覆氮化硼与8g丙烯腈混合,得到油相;搅拌下将油相逐滴加入到水相中,1500r/min下高速剪切分散30min后得到油水乳液;其中,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚与石蜡包覆氮化硼的重量比为1.6:10;
(3)持续通入N2,将偶氮二异丁腈加入到油水乳液中(偶氮二异丁腈与单体的重量比为0.01:1),60℃下搅拌反应3h,将产物过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氮化硼胶囊;
(4)将10g氧化石墨烯分散到20g 3-丙氨基乙氧基硅烷中,60℃下搅拌反应12h,将产物过滤,用乙醇洗涤3次、烘干,得到改性氧化石墨烯;
(5)将3g纤维素硝酸酯溶于55g丙酮中,将2g聚氨酯、2g十二烷苄基二甲基溴化铵溶于5g醋酸乙酯中,二者混合均匀得到混合溶液,然后将8g氮化硼胶囊、3g改性氧化石墨烯分散入混合溶液中,1000r/min搅拌15min,得到所述干膜润滑剂。
对比例1
一种干膜润滑剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将1g氮化硼加入到10g表面处理液(硅烷偶联剂、乙醇按重量比2:8混合而成)中,搅拌反应6h,将产物过滤、干燥,得到预处理氮化硼,将10g石蜡油加入到6g预处理氮化硼中,搅拌30min混合均匀,得到石蜡包覆氮化硼;
(2)将10g氧化石墨烯分散到40g 3-丙氨基乙氧基硅烷中,70℃下搅拌反应18h,将产物过滤,用乙醇洗涤5次、烘干,得到改性氧化石墨烯;
(3)将9g纤维素硝酸酯溶于70g丙酮中,将8g聚氨酯、5g十二烷苄基二甲基溴化铵溶于15g醋酸乙酯中,二者混合均匀得到混合溶液,然后将12g石蜡包覆氮化硼、6g改性氧化石墨烯分散入混合溶液中,1000r/min搅拌15min,得到所述干膜润滑剂。
对比例2
一种干膜润滑剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将10g氧化石墨烯分散到40g 3-丙氨基乙氧基硅烷中,70℃下搅拌反应18h,将产物过滤,用乙醇洗涤5次、烘干,得到改性氧化石墨烯;
(2)将9g纤维素硝酸酯溶于70g丙酮中,将8g聚氨酯、5g十二烷苄基二甲基溴化铵溶于15g醋酸乙酯中,二者混合均匀得到混合溶液,然后将12g氮化硼、6g改性氧化石墨烯分散入混合溶液中,1000r/min搅拌15min,得到所述干膜润滑剂。
对比例3
一种干膜润滑剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将1g氮化硼加入到10g表面处理液(硅烷偶联剂、乙醇按重量比2:8混合而成)中,搅拌反应6h,将产物过滤、干燥,得到预处理氮化硼,将10g石蜡油加入到6g预处理氮化硼中,搅拌30min混合均匀,得到石蜡包覆氮化硼;
(2)将2g烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和0.5g聚乙二醇溶于100g去离子水中,得到水相;将10g石蜡包覆氮化硼与20g甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合,得到油相;搅拌下将油相逐滴加入到水相中,2000r/min下高速剪切分散60min后得到油水乳液;其中,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚与石蜡包覆氮化硼的重量比为8.3:10;
(3)持续通入N2,将偶氮二异丁腈加入到油水乳液中(偶氮二异丁腈与单体的重量比为0.03:1),75℃下搅拌反应5h,将产物过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氮化硼胶囊;
(4)将9g纤维素硝酸酯溶于70g丙酮中,将8g聚氨酯、5g十二烷苄基二甲基溴化铵溶于15g醋酸乙酯中,二者混合均匀得到混合溶液,然后将12g氮化硼胶囊、6g氧化石墨烯分散入混合溶液中,1000r/min搅拌15min,得到所述干膜润滑剂。
针对实施例1~3、对比例1~3制备所得干膜润滑剂的技术指标进行测试,参考GB/T 13452.2-2008《色漆和清漆漆膜厚度的测定》中5.4光学法测定涂层厚度;采用高速环块试验机对涂层的磨损性能进行测试,试验载荷500N,速度200r/min;参考GB/T 9286-2021《色漆和清漆划格试验》测定附着力;参考GB/T 1732-2020《漆膜耐冲击测定法》测定干膜润滑剂的抗冲击性能;将干膜润滑剂放置于380~450℃环境下,测试其在上述温度下的耐热时间;参考GB9274-1988《色漆和清漆耐液体介质的测定》将干膜润滑剂浸入25℃的20号润滑油中浸泡3天,测试其耐油性。具体数据见表1。
表1干膜润滑剂的技术指标
相较于实施例中制备得到的干膜润滑剂,对比例1的区别在于未制备得到氮化硼胶囊,而是采用石蜡包裹氮化硼,对比例2的区别在于未对氮化硼做任何改性,对比例3的区别在于未对氧化石墨烯做改性。对比例1中的石蜡包裹氮化硼、对比例2中的氮化硼以及对比例3中的氧化石墨烯,在制备干膜润滑剂时,在体系中分散不均,容易产生团聚和沉淀,对制得的润滑剂的性能产生不利影响。因此对比例2制备所得干膜润滑剂的耐热时间要明显低于实施例,对比例制备所得润滑剂的润滑性能也远差于实施例。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种干膜润滑剂,其特征在于,以重量份数计,由以下组分制成:纤维素硝酸酯3~9份、聚氨酯2~8份、氮化硼胶囊8~12份、改性氧化石墨烯3~6份、十二烷苄基二甲基溴化铵2~5份、醋酸乙酯5~15份、丙酮55~70份;
所述氮化硼胶囊的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将氮化硼加入到表面处理液中,搅拌反应,将产物过滤、干燥,得到预处理氮化硼,将石蜡油加入到预处理氮化硼中,搅拌混合均匀,得到石蜡包覆氮化硼;
(2)将烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和聚乙二醇溶于去离子水中,得到水相;将石蜡包覆氮化硼与单体混合,得到油相;搅拌下将油相逐滴加入到水相中,高速剪切分散后得到油水乳液;
(3)持续通入N2,将偶氮二异丁腈加入到油水乳液中,搅拌反应,将产物过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氮化硼胶囊;
步骤(1)中,表面处理液为硅烷偶联剂、乙醇按重量比1~3:6~8混合而成,氮化硼与表面处理液的重量比为1:8~10,搅拌反应时间为3~6h;
所述改性氧化石墨烯的制备方法包括如下步骤:将氧化石墨烯分散到3-丙氨基乙氧基硅烷中,搅拌反应,将产物过滤、洗涤、烘干,得到改性氧化石墨烯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的干膜润滑剂,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,氮化硼的粒径为20~100nm;石蜡油与预处理氮化硼的重量比为10:3~6,搅拌混合时间为20~30min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的干膜润滑剂,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇、去离子水的重量比为0.5~2:0.1~0.5:100;石蜡包覆氮化硼与单体的重量比为10:8~20,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚与石蜡包覆氮化硼的重量比为1.6~8.3:10,高速剪切的速度为1000~2000r/min,分散时间为30~60min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的干膜润滑剂,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述单体为丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、醋酸乙烯酯中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的干膜润滑剂,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,偶氮二异丁腈与单体的重量比为0.01~0.03:1,反应条件为60~75℃下搅拌反应3~5h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的干膜润滑剂,其特征在于,所述改性氧化石墨烯的制备方法中,氧化石墨烯、3-丙氨基乙氧基硅烷的重量比为10:20~40,搅拌反应条件为60~70℃下反应12~18h,用乙醇洗涤3~5次。
7.一种如权利要求1~6任一项所述干膜润滑剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将纤维素硝酸酯溶于丙酮中,将聚氨酯、十二烷苄基二甲基溴化铵溶于醋酸乙酯中,二者混合均匀得到混合溶液,然后将氮化硼胶囊、改性氧化石墨烯分散入混合溶液中,800~1200r/min搅拌10~20min,得到所述干膜润滑剂。
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