CN117620335A - Glycol solution for metal matrix composite discharge electrochemical composite processing - Google Patents

Glycol solution for metal matrix composite discharge electrochemical composite processing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117620335A
CN117620335A CN202311778726.3A CN202311778726A CN117620335A CN 117620335 A CN117620335 A CN 117620335A CN 202311778726 A CN202311778726 A CN 202311778726A CN 117620335 A CN117620335 A CN 117620335A
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discharge
electrochemical
processing
machining
electro
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缪国栋
房晓龙
曲宁松
胡孝昀
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to an ethylene glycol solution for metal matrix composite material discharge electrochemical composite processing. The invention combines electrolytic machining and electric discharge machining, and simultaneously uses glycol solution to replace the existing water-based electrolyte to carry out electric discharge-electrochemical composite machining on the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal-based composite material. The glycol solution can separate the product and Joule belt in the processing process from the processing area, so that the problems that a passivation film is continuously generated on the surface of a metal matrix to prevent the processing and the surface of the processing from being rugged and the profile of the side wall of the groove is rugged are avoided, and the processing efficiency and the processing quality are improved.

Description

Glycol solution for metal matrix composite discharge electrochemical composite processing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to an ethylene glycol solution for metal matrix composite material discharge electrochemical composite processing.
Background
Because the hardness of the reinforced particles in the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite is high, the conventional machining method is adopted to machine the material, so that serious cutter abrasion exists, the machining efficiency is low, the machining cost is high, and serious machining defects exist on the surface of the material.
Electrolytic machining is a non-contact machining method for removing material based on the principle that a metal workpiece is electrochemically anodically dissolved in a working fluid. The machining method is not limited by the hardness of the material in the machining process, machining stress and cutter abrasion are avoided, but when the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, particularly the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, is machined, the reinforced phase silicon carbide particles in the material are not conductive and cannot be removed by electrolytic machining, a workpiece and a tool are contacted in the continuous feeding of an electrode, short circuit is caused, and the machining efficiency is relatively low when the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material is machined. The electric discharge machining is a machining method for removing materials by performing electric corrosion based on spark discharge between a tool cathode and a workpiece anode, and has higher efficiency and strong machining flexibility compared with the electrolytic machining when machining the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, but a recast layer and a heat influence layer are generated on the surface of the workpiece in the machining process, so that the machining quality of the surface of the workpiece is reduced.
The electro-discharge-electrochemical composite machining is a novel non-contact machining method for materials difficult to machine, combines the advantages of electro-discharge machining and electro-discharge machining, and in the machining process, the electro-discharge machining is used for removing large allowance of materials, and the subsequent electro-discharge machining can be used for removing defects such as recast layer and the like left on the surface after electro-discharge machining, so that the machining efficiency and the surface quality of a machined workpiece are greatly improved. At present, the mainstream electrolyte for discharge-electrochemical composite processing is water-based sodium chloride or sodium nitrate electrolyte, however, when the water-based electrolyte is used for processing the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, although the processing efficiency is higher, a passivation film can be generated in the area where the metal matrix exists under the low current density to prevent the processing from being carried out, the surface quality after the processing is reduced, and meanwhile, serious stray corrosion can be generated in the area where the metal matrix exists under the high current density, so that the processed surface is smooth, the contour of the side wall of the groove is rugged, and the processing quality is seriously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an electro-discharge-electrochemical machining method for a silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite in a glycol-based solution, which can effectively improve the machining quality and the machining efficiency of the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite by using the glycol solution.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a discharge-electrochemical processing method of a silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite in a glycol-based solution, which comprises the following steps:
performing discharge-electrochemical composite processing on the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite by using an ethylene glycol solution;
the solvent of the glycol solution is glycol, and the solute is sodium chloride; the concentration of the glycol solution is 0.1-1 mol/L at 20 ℃.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the silicon carbide particles in the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite is 40-70%.
Preferably, the voltage of the discharge-electrochemical composite machining is 30-40V.
Preferably, the pulse frequency of the discharge-electrochemical composite machining is 40-50 kHz.
Preferably, the processing speed of the discharge-electrochemical composite processing is 10-20 mu m/s.
Preferably, the duty cycle of the discharge-electrochemical composite process is 25%.
Preferably, the flow speed of the glycol solution is 0.1-1 m/s.
Preferably, the discharge-electrochemical composite processing is: the positive electrode of the pulse power supply is connected with the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, the negative electrode is connected with the rod-shaped electrode, an initial machining gap is set, the pulse power supply is connected, and the rod-shaped electrode is fed to machine the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material.
Preferably, the rod-shaped electrode is made of tungsten-copper alloy, tungsten-steel alloy or stainless steel, has a diameter of 2-10 mm, a length of 40-60 mm and a circular section.
The invention also provides a glycol solution for the electro-discharge electrochemical composite processing of the metal matrix composite, wherein the solvent of the glycol solution is glycol, and the solute is sodium chloride; the concentration of the glycol solution is 0.1-1 mol/L at 20 ℃.
The invention provides a discharge-electrochemical processing method of a silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite in a glycol-based solution, which comprises the following steps: performing discharge-electrochemical composite processing on the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite by using an ethylene glycol solution; the solvent of the glycol solution is glycol, and the solute is sodium chloride; the concentration of the glycol solution is 0.1-1 mol/L at 20 ℃. The invention combines electrolytic machining and electric discharge machining, and simultaneously uses glycol solution to replace the existing water-based electrolyte to carry out electric discharge-electrochemical composite machining on the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal-based composite material. The glycol solution can separate the product and Joule belt from the processing area, compared with the water-based electrolyte, the glycol solution has higher viscosity, slower moving speed of anions and cations in the electrolyte, better processing localization and capability of realizing local efficient and uniform corrosion. And most of the processing products in the glycol solution are soluble substances, so that the accumulation of insoluble products on the processed surface can be effectively reduced, the quality problems that a passivation film is continuously generated on the surface of a metal matrix to prevent processing and the surface of the processing is rough and uneven and the profile of the side wall of the groove is rugged are avoided, and the processing efficiency and the processing quality are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a discharge-electrochemical composite process performed on a SiC particle reinforced metal matrix composite of the present invention, wherein a 1-electrolyte, a 2-rod electrode, a 3-pulse power source, and a 4-SiC particle reinforced metal matrix composite workpiece;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a processed groove structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the processed groove structure according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the processed groove structure of comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of the processed groove structure of comparative example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a discharge-electrochemical processing method of a silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite in a glycol-based solution, which comprises the following steps:
performing discharge-electrochemical composite processing on the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite by using an ethylene glycol solution;
the solvent of the glycol solution is glycol, and the solute is sodium chloride; the concentration of the glycol solution is 0.1-1 mol/L at 20 ℃.
The present invention is not limited to the specific source of the raw materials, and may be commercially available products known to those skilled in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The invention utilizes glycol solution to carry out discharge-electrochemical composite processing on the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material.
In the invention, the solvent of the glycol solution is glycol, and the solute is sodium chloride; the concentration of the ethylene glycol solution is 0.1 to 1mol/L, preferably 0.5 to 1mol/L, at 20 ℃. The concentration of the glycol solution is set in the range, so that the reduction of electrochemical effect caused by too low concentration can be avoided, the surface quality after processing is reduced, and the increase of stray corrosion in a processing area caused by too high concentration and the influence on processing precision can be avoided.
In the invention, the mass percentage of the silicon carbide particles in the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite is preferably 40-70%, more preferably 45-65%; the metal matrix of the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite is preferably aluminum based.
In the invention, the discharge-electrochemical composite processing is as follows: the positive electrode of the pulse power supply is connected with the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, the negative electrode is connected with the rod-shaped electrode, an initial machining gap is set, the pulse power supply is connected, and the rod-shaped electrode is fed to machine the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material.
In the present invention, the rod-shaped electrode is preferably made of tungsten copper alloy, tungsten steel alloy or stainless steel, more preferably tungsten copper alloy, and has a diameter of preferably 2 to 10mm, more preferably 2 to 5mm, a length of preferably 40 to 60mm, more preferably 50mm, and a cross section of preferably circular.
The present invention is not particularly limited to the above processing, and may be performed by any processing means known in the art. In an embodiment of the present invention, the machining is specifically grooving.
In the machining process, the large allowance of the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite is removed by electric discharge machining, and then the recast layer defect left on the surface of the material after electric discharge machining can be removed by electrolytic machining, so that the machining efficiency and the surface quality of a machined workpiece are greatly improved.
In the present invention, the voltage of the discharge-electrochemical composite machining is preferably 30 to 40V, more preferably 35 to 40V. The invention sets the voltage of the discharge-electrochemical composite processing in the range, avoids weakening the discharge effect due to the over-low voltage, reduces the volume of the removed material in unit time and is difficult to improve the processing efficiency.
In the present invention, the pulse frequency of the discharge-electrochemical composite machining is preferably 40 to 50kHz, more preferably 40 to 45kHz. The invention sets the pulse frequency of the discharge-electrochemical composite processing in the range, which not only can avoid the reduction of the dimensional accuracy caused by the increase of discharge energy and electrode abrasion due to the excessively low pulse frequency, but also can avoid the reduction of the processed surface quality due to the promotion of electrolysis due to the excessively high pulse frequency.
In the present invention, the processing speed of the discharge-electrochemical composite processing is preferably 10 to 20 μm/s, more preferably 15 to 20 μm/s; the duty cycle of the discharge-electrochemical composite machining is preferably 25%; the flow rate of the ethylene glycol solution is preferably 0.1 to 1m/s, more preferably 0.4 to 0.6m/s.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the discharge-electrochemical composite processing of a SiC particle reinforced metal matrix composite of the present invention, wherein a 1-electrolyte, a 2-rod electrode, a 3-pulse power source, and a 4-SiC particle reinforced metal matrix composite workpiece. As shown in fig. 1, the invention connects the positive electrode of a pulse power supply 3 with a silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite workpiece 4, connects the negative electrode with a rod-shaped electrode 2, adjusts the relative positions of the rod-shaped electrode 2 and the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite workpiece 4, sets an initial machining gap, switches on the pulse power supply, and feeds the rod-shaped electrode 2 to carry out grooving machining on the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite workpiece 4.
Compared with the water-based electrolyte, the ethylene glycol solution has higher viscosity, slower moving speed of anions and cations in the electrolyte, better processing localization and capability of realizing local efficient and uniform corrosion. And most of the processing products in the glycol solution are soluble substances, so that the accumulation of insoluble products on the processed surface can be effectively reduced, the quality problems that a passivation film is continuously generated on the surface of a metal matrix to prevent processing and the surface of the processing is rough and uneven and the profile of the side wall of the groove is rugged are avoided, and the processing efficiency and the processing quality are improved.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Adding 1mol of sodium chloride into ethylene glycol at normal temperature to prepare 1L of solution, wherein the sodium chloride is analytically pure, and the ethylene glycol is an industrial standard reagent to obtain 1mol/L of ethylene glycol solution;
the method comprises the steps of connecting a pulse power supply anode with a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite workpiece (comprising an aluminum alloy matrix and silicon carbide particles loaded on the aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass percentage of the silicon carbide particles is 63%), connecting a pulse power supply cathode with a rod-shaped electrode (made of tungsten-copper alloy, with the diameter of 2mm, the length of 50mm and the cross section of circular), adopting 40V voltage, 25% duty ratio, 40kHz pulse frequency, the processing speed of 10 mu m/s, the flow speed of glycol solution of 0.4m/s, carrying out discharge-electrochemical composite processing on the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite in 1mol/L glycol solution, and carrying out grooving processing by rod-shaped electrode feeding.
Example 2
Adding 1mol of sodium chloride into ethylene glycol at normal temperature to prepare 1L of solution, wherein the sodium chloride is analytically pure, and the ethylene glycol is an industrial standard reagent to obtain 1mol/L of ethylene glycol solution;
the method comprises the steps of connecting a pulse power supply anode with a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite workpiece (comprising an aluminum alloy matrix and silicon carbide particles loaded on the aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass percentage of the silicon carbide particles is 63%), connecting a pulse power supply cathode with a rod-shaped electrode (made of tungsten-copper alloy, with the diameter of 2mm, the length of 50mm and the cross section of circular), adopting 40V voltage, 25% duty ratio, 40kHz pulse frequency, the processing speed of 20 mu m/s, the flow speed of glycol solution of 0.4m/s, carrying out discharge-electrochemical composite processing on the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite in 1mol/L glycol solution, and carrying out grooving processing by rod-shaped electrode feeding.
Comparative example 1
Adding 1mol of sodium chloride into ethylene glycol at normal temperature to prepare 1L of solution, wherein the sodium chloride is analytically pure, and the ethylene glycol is an industrial standard reagent to obtain 1mol/L of ethylene glycol solution;
the method comprises the steps of connecting a pulse power supply anode with a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite workpiece (comprising an aluminum alloy matrix and silicon carbide particles loaded on the aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass percentage of the silicon carbide particles is 63%), connecting a pulse power supply cathode with a rod-shaped electrode (made of tungsten-copper alloy, with the diameter of 2mm, the length of 50mm and the cross section of circular), adopting 40V voltage, 25% duty ratio, 30kHz pulse frequency, the processing speed of 10 mu m/s, the flow speed of glycol solution of 0.4m/s, carrying out discharge-electrochemical composite processing on the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite in 1mol/L glycol solution, and carrying out grooving processing by rod-shaped electrode feeding.
Comparative example 2
Adding 47g of sodium chloride into deionized water at normal temperature to prepare 1L of solution, wherein sodium chloride 6 is analytically pure, and deionized water 7 is an industrial standard reagent to obtain water-based electrolyte;
the method comprises the steps of connecting a pulse power supply anode with a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite workpiece (comprising an aluminum alloy matrix and silicon carbide particles loaded on the aluminum alloy matrix, wherein the mass percentage of the silicon carbide particles is 63%), connecting a pulse power supply cathode with a rod-shaped electrode (made of tungsten-copper alloy, with the diameter of 2mm, the length of 50mm and the cross section of circular), adopting 40V voltage, 25% duty ratio, 40kHz pulse frequency, the machining speed of 20 mu m/s, the flowing speed of a water-based electrolyte of 0.1m/s, carrying out discharge-electrochemical composite machining on the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite in the water-based electrolyte, and carrying out grooving machining by feeding the rod-shaped electrode.
Performance testing
The groove structures processed in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to electron microscopic scanning test, and the results are shown in fig. 2 to 5, respectively.
As shown in fig. 2, the processing of example 2 resulted in an improved sidewall profile of the trough structure, improved processing localization, and substantially no stray corrosion around the periphery.
As shown in FIG. 3, the groove structure obtained by the processing of example 3 has improved sidewall profile, good processing localization and no stray corrosion around the periphery. The processing quality is improved while achieving the same processing efficiency as in the water-based electrolyte.
As shown in fig. 4, the processing of comparative example 1 preliminarily resulted in a groove structure having a certain sidewall profile, around which there was a small amount of stray corrosion, but the lower discharge energy resulted in lower material removal efficiency and lower processing quality due to the smaller pulse frequency.
As shown in FIG. 5, the groove structure obtained by the processing of comparative example 2 has poor processing quality, poor processing localization, insignificant edge profile and significant stray corrosion around the groove edge.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, according to which one can obtain other embodiments without inventiveness, these embodiments are all within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for electro-discharge-electrochemical processing of a silicon carbide particle-reinforced metal matrix composite in a glycol-based solution, comprising the steps of:
performing discharge-electrochemical composite processing on the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite by using an ethylene glycol solution;
the solvent of the glycol solution is glycol, and the solute is sodium chloride; the concentration of the glycol solution is 0.1-1 mol/L at 20 ℃.
2. The electro-discharge-electrochemical machining method according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the silicon carbide particles in the silicon carbide particle-reinforced metal matrix composite is 40-70%.
3. The electro-discharge-electrochemical machining method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage of the electro-discharge-electrochemical composite machining is 30 to 40V.
4. The electro-discharge-electrochemical machining method according to claim 1, wherein the pulse frequency of the electro-discharge-electrochemical composite machining is 40 to 50kHz.
5. The electro-discharge-electrochemical machining method according to claim 1, wherein the machining speed of the electro-discharge-electrochemical composite machining is 10 to 20 μm/s.
6. The electro-discharge-electrochemical machining method according to claim 1, wherein the duty cycle of the electro-discharge-electrochemical composite machining is 25%.
7. The electro-discharge-electrochemical machining method according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the glycol solution is 0.1 to 1m/s.
8. The electro-discharge-electrochemical machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electro-discharge-electrochemical composite machining is: the positive electrode of the pulse power supply is connected with the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, the negative electrode is connected with the rod-shaped electrode, an initial machining gap is set, the pulse power supply is connected, and the rod-shaped electrode is fed to machine the silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite material.
9. The electro-discharge-electrochemical machining method according to claim 8, wherein the rod-shaped electrode is made of tungsten-copper alloy, tungsten-steel alloy or stainless steel, has a diameter of 2 to 10mm, a length of 40 to 60mm, and a cross section of a circle.
10. The glycol solution for the electro-discharge electrochemical composite processing of the metal matrix composite is characterized in that a solvent of the glycol solution is glycol, and a solute is sodium chloride; the concentration of the glycol solution is 0.1-1 mol/L at 20 ℃.
CN202311778726.3A 2023-08-11 2023-12-21 Glycol solution for metal matrix composite discharge electrochemical composite processing Pending CN117620335A (en)

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CN202311018812.4A CN116765535A (en) 2023-08-11 2023-08-11 Discharge-electrochemical processing method of silicon carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composite in glycol-based solution
CN2023110188124 2023-08-11

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CN202311778726.3A Pending CN117620335A (en) 2023-08-11 2023-12-21 Glycol solution for metal matrix composite discharge electrochemical composite processing

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