CN109807412B - Tool electrode and electrolytic machining device - Google Patents
Tool electrode and electrolytic machining device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109807412B CN109807412B CN201910259152.6A CN201910259152A CN109807412B CN 109807412 B CN109807412 B CN 109807412B CN 201910259152 A CN201910259152 A CN 201910259152A CN 109807412 B CN109807412 B CN 109807412B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a tool electrode and an electrolytic machining apparatus, the tool electrode including: an electrode body; insulating layers are arranged on the electrode body at intervals to form the electrode body, and the insulating layers and the electrode layers are alternately arranged. The electrolytic processing device for a workpiece includes: a control module, a drive module, a power supply and the tool electrode; the driving module drives the tool electrode to move under the control of the control module so as to realize the alternate opposite relation between the insulating layer and the electrode layer of the tool electrode and the processing surface of the workpiece, and when the electrode layer is opposite to the processing surface of the workpiece, the workpiece is subjected to anodic electrochemical dissolution so as to cut off materials. The processing device adopts an intermittent processing mode, electrolytic processing is stopped during the intermittent period, no processed product is released, and due to concentration diffusion and fluid flow, electrolytic products in gaps can be discharged quickly, fresh electrolyte can enter quickly, and the precision and speed of electrolytic processing can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic machining, in particular to a tool electrode and an electrolytic machining device.
Background
The electrochemical machining is a special machining method for machining a workpiece into a part meeting the requirements of a certain size and shape by utilizing a tool cathode in a certain shape based on an electrochemical anodic dissolution principle. FIG. 1 shows the principle of electrochemical machining, in which the cathode of a tool electrode is connected to the negative electrode of a machining power supply, the workpiece is connected to the positive electrode of the machining power supply, an electrolyte is introduced into the gap between the tool electrode and the workpiece, the surface of the anode of the workpiece is continuously eroded away with the feeding of the cathode of the tool, the electrolytic reaction products are carried out of the machining gap with the flow of the electrolyte, and the surface of the anode of the workpiece gradually forms a shape substantially similar to the surface of the cathode of the tool.
The electrochemical machining electrode reaction is a special oxidation-reduction reaction, and oxidation and reduction reactions occur at different electrode interfaces. The surface of the tool and the surface of the workpiece respectively generate reduction reaction and oxidation reaction, namely, the cathode obtains electrons, and the anode loses electrons, and the method is characterized in that: the reaction particles are separated from each other; the electron transfer path is long and orderly; the activation energy of the reaction comes from electric energy, and the rate of the reaction is related to the electromotive force of the electric field. Taking the metal M for example, the metal anode is dissolved to generate hydroxide precipitate (neutral salt solution), and the cathode is subjected to hydrogen evolution reaction.
One difficulty with electrochemical machining is the removal of product and the renewal of electrolyte within the machining gap, both of which affect the distribution of electrolyte conductivity within the machining gap and thus the speed and accuracy of workpiece machining. In the prior art, the machining environment in the machining gap is improved mainly by means of flushing, tool electrode or workpiece vibration, tool electrode retraction and the like.
The flushing liquid is introduced into the machining gap by using high-pressure and high-speed electrolyte, however, on the occasion that the machining gap is very small, the flushing liquid mode is difficult to realize, and the flushing liquid in the machining gap has on-way loss, so that the pressure distribution of the electrolyte in the gap is changed, and the machining is influenced; the vibration of the tool electrode or the workpiece or the retraction of the tool electrode is realized by changing the position of the machining area and diffusing the electrolysis product and the electrolyte in the machining gap of the original machining area.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a tool electrode and an electrochemical machining apparatus.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a tool electrode, comprising:
an electrode body;
insulating layers are arranged on the electrode body at intervals to be formed on the electrode body, and the insulating layers and the electrode layers are alternately arranged.
Optionally, the tool electrode is a wire electrode or a disc electrode.
Optionally, when the tool electrode is a wire electrode, an insulating layer is disposed on the electrode body at intervals, and the insulating layer includes:
and insulating layers with certain lengths are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the electrode body, and the insulating layers are annular.
Optionally, when the tool electrode is a disc electrode, the electrode body is provided with insulating layers at intervals, including:
insulating layers with certain lengths are arranged on the cylindrical surface of the electrode body at intervals along the rotating direction of the disc.
Optionally, the spacing between any two adjacent insulating layers is equal or unequal; the length of each of the insulating layers may be equal or unequal.
Optionally, when the tool electrode is a wire electrode, the lengths of the insulating layers decrease in sequence from the center of the electrode body along the axial direction, and the distance between any two adjacent insulating layers is equal.
The present invention also provides an electrolytic processing apparatus for a workpiece, comprising:
a control module, a drive module, a power source and a tool electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
wherein the tool electrode is connected with the negative pole of the power supply, and the workpiece is connected with the positive pole of the power supply;
the control module is electrically connected with the driving module, the driving module is also electrically connected with the tool electrode, and the driving module drives the tool electrode to move under the control of the control module;
a gap exists between the surface of the tool electrode with the insulating layer and the processing surface of the workpiece; the gap is filled with electrolyte;
during electrolytic machining, the tool electrode and the workpiece move relatively to realize the alternate relative relationship between the electrode layer and the insulating layer and the machined surface of the workpiece, and when the electrode layer is opposite to the machined surface of the workpiece, the workpiece is subjected to anodic electrochemical dissolution to cut off materials.
Optionally, the tool electrode and the workpiece move relatively, and the method includes:
when the tool electrode is a wire electrode, the relative motion is relative feeding motion of the wire electrode and the workpiece along a feeding direction, and simultaneously, the wire electrode and the workpiece do relative reciprocating up-and-down motion;
further, the wire electrode and the workpiece make relative reciprocating up-and-down motion, including:
the workpiece is fixed, and the wire electrode moves up and down along the axis direction; in the alternative, the first and second sets of the first,
the wire electrode is stationary, and the workpiece moves up and down in the axial direction of the wire electrode.
Optionally, when the workpiece is stationary and the wire electrode moves up and down along the axis direction, the change curve of the movement speed of the wire electrode is sinusoidal, triangular or trapezoidal;
specifically, the moving speed of the wire electrode at the upper limit position and the lower limit position of the electrode is zero.
Optionally, the tool electrode and the workpiece move relatively, and the method further includes:
when the tool electrode is a disc electrode, the relative motion is relative feeding motion of the disc electrode and the workpiece along the feeding direction, and meanwhile, the disc electrode rotates around the axis of the disc electrode.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the tool electrode comprises: an electrode body; insulating layers are arranged on the electrode body at intervals to be formed on the electrode body, and the insulating layers and the electrode layers are alternately arranged. The present invention also provides an electrolytic processing apparatus for a workpiece, comprising: the control module, the driving module, the power supply and the tool electrode; wherein the tool electrode is connected with the negative pole of the power supply, and the workpiece is connected with the positive pole of the power supply; the driving module drives the tool electrode to move under the control of the control module; a gap exists between the surface of the tool electrode with the insulating layer and the processing surface of the workpiece; the gap is filled with electrolyte; during electrolytic machining, the tool electrode and the workpiece move relatively to realize the alternate relative relationship between the electrode layer and the insulating layer and the machined surface of the workpiece, and when the electrode layer is opposite to the machined surface of the workpiece, the workpiece is subjected to anodic electrochemical dissolution to cut off materials. The processing device adopts an intermittent processing process, electrolytic processing is stopped during the intermittent period, no processed product is released, and due to concentration diffusion and fluid flow, electrolytic products in gaps can be discharged quickly, fresh electrolyte can enter quickly, and the precision and the processing speed of electrolytic processing can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of electrolytic processing in the background of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a tool electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a tool electrode according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure provided by the electrolytic processing device for workpieces of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an electrolytic machining apparatus for workpieces according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial schematic structural view of a tool electrode and a tool in the first embodiment of the electrolytic machining apparatus for workpieces according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a partial schematic view showing the structure of a tool electrode and a tool in a second embodiment of the workpiece electrolytic machining apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an electrode body; 2. an insulating layer; 3. a control module; 4. a drive module; 5. a power source; 6. a tool electrode.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a tool electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the tool electrode according to the present embodiment includes:
an electrode body 1;
insulating layers 2 are arranged on the electrode body 1 at intervals to be formed on the electrode body 1, and the insulating layers 2 and the electrode layers are alternately arranged.
Further, the tool electrode is a wire electrode.
Further, the electrode body 1 is provided with insulating layers 2 at intervals, and the insulating layers include:
insulating layers 2 with certain lengths are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the electrode body 1, and the insulating layers 2 are annular.
Further, the spacing between any two adjacent insulating layers 2 is equal or unequal; the length of each insulating layer 2 may be equal or unequal. In fig. 2(a), the spacing between any two adjacent insulating layers 2 is equal, and the length of each insulating layer 2 is also equal; in fig. 2(b), the spacing between any two adjacent insulating layers 2 (i.e., the length of the electrode layer) is equal, and the length of each of the insulating layers 2 is not completely equal.
Further, as shown in fig. 2(b), the lengths of the insulating layers 2 decrease in sequence from the center of the electrode body 1 along the axial direction, and the distances between any two adjacent insulating layers 2 are equal.
The present embodiment provides an implementation mode of a tool electrode, the tool electrode of the present embodiment has a periodic insulating layer 2, the tool electrode has a simple structure, when the tool electrode is used for performing electrolytic machining, through relative motion between the tool electrode and a workpiece, the insulating layer 2 and an electrode layer can alternately generate a relative relationship with the workpiece, and when the electrode layer is in a machining area, electrolytic machining is performed to generate a machined product; when the insulating layer 2 is in the processing region, the electrolytic processing does not occur, which facilitates the discharge of electrolytic products and the renewal of the electrolytic solution.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a tool electrode according to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the tool electrode according to the present embodiment includes:
an electrode body 1;
insulating layers 2 are arranged on the electrode body 1 at intervals to be formed on the electrode body 1, and the insulating layers 2 and the electrode layers are alternately arranged.
Further, the tool electrode is a disc electrode.
Further, the electrode body 1 is provided with insulating layers 2 at intervals, and the insulating layers include:
insulating layers 2 with certain lengths are arranged on the cylindrical surface of the electrode body 1 at intervals along the rotating direction of the disc.
Further, the spacing between any two adjacent insulating layers 2 is equal or unequal; the length of each insulating layer 2 may be equal or unequal. In fig. 3(a), the spacing between any two adjacent insulating layers 2 is equal, and the length of each insulating layer 2 is also equal; in fig. 3(b), the spacing between any two adjacent insulating layers 2 (i.e., the length of the electrode layer) is not completely equal, and the length of each insulating layer 2 is not completely equal.
The present embodiment provides an implementation mode of a tool electrode, the tool electrode of the present embodiment has a periodic insulating layer 2, the tool electrode has a simple structure, when the tool electrode is used for performing electrolytic machining, through relative motion between the tool electrode and a workpiece, the insulating layer 2 and an electrode layer can alternately generate a relative relationship with the workpiece, and when the electrode layer is in a machining area, electrolytic machining is performed to generate a machined product; when the insulating layer 2 is in the processing region, the electrolytic processing does not occur, which facilitates the discharge of electrolytic products and the renewal of the electrolytic solution.
As one embodiment of the workpiece electrochemical machining apparatus of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the workpiece electrochemical machining apparatus according to the present embodiment includes:
a control module 3, a drive module 4, a power supply 5 and a wire electrode as described in the first embodiment of the tool electrode 6;
wherein the tool electrode is connected with the negative pole of the power supply 5, and the workpiece is connected with the positive pole of the power supply 5; the power supply 5 can be an ultra-short pulse power supply or a direct current power supply;
the control module 3 is electrically connected with the driving module 4, the driving module 4 is also electrically connected with the tool electrode, and the driving module 4 drives the tool electrode to move under the control of the control module 3;
a gap exists between the surface of the tool electrode with the insulating layer 2 and the processing surface of the workpiece; the gap is filled with electrolyte;
during electrolytic machining, the tool electrode and the workpiece move relatively to realize the alternate opposite relation between the electrode layer and the insulating layer 2 and the machined surface of the workpiece, and when the electrode layer is opposite to the machined surface of the workpiece, the workpiece is subjected to anodic electrochemical dissolution to cut off materials.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the tool electrode and the workpiece make relative movement, including:
when the tool electrode is a wire electrode, the relative motion is relative feeding motion of the wire electrode and the workpiece along a feeding direction, and simultaneously, the wire electrode and the workpiece do relative reciprocating up-and-down motion;
further, the wire electrode and the workpiece make relative reciprocating up-and-down motion, including:
the workpiece is fixed, and the wire electrode moves up and down along the axis direction; in the alternative, the first and second sets of the first,
the wire electrode is stationary, and the workpiece moves up and down in the axial direction of the wire electrode.
Further, when the workpiece is not moved and the wire electrode moves up and down along the axis direction, the change curve of the movement speed of the wire electrode is sinusoidal, triangular or trapezoidal;
specifically, the moving speed of the wire electrode at the upper limit position and the lower limit position of the electrode is zero.
In the workpiece electrolytic machining device of the embodiment, during electrolytic machining, a workpiece is connected with the positive electrode of a machining power supply 5, a wire electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply 5, electrolyte is introduced, the wire electrode and the workpiece perform relative feeding motion through the control module 3, and the workpiece is subjected to anodic electrochemical dissolution so as to cut off materials. Meanwhile, the wire electrode and the workpiece are controlled to do relative reciprocating up and down movement, and the relative position of the workpiece and the wire electrode can be periodically changed. When the insulating layer 2 of the wire electrode is opposed to the workpiece machining surface, the machining path cannot be formed or only a part of the machining path can be formed due to the insulating function of the insulating layer 2, and the workpiece surface opposed to the insulating layer 2 is in a non-machining state. During this period, the concentration difference diffusion and the reciprocating motion of the wire electrode drive the fluid to move, thereby promoting the discharge of the electrolytic product and the renewal of the electrolyte in the machining gap.
Further, the moving speed curve of the wire electrode changes in a sine-shaped curve, a triangle-shaped curve, a trapezoid-shaped curve or the like, and the moving speed of the wire electrode is 0 at the upper limit position and the lower limit position of the moving of the wire electrode. As shown in fig. 6(c), the spacing between any two adjacent insulating layers 2 (i.e., the length of the electrode layer) is equal, the length of each insulating layer 2 is not exactly equal, and the lengths of the insulating layers 2 decrease in sequence from the center position of the line electrode in the axial direction; when the wire electrode moves to the vicinity of the upper limit or the lower limit, the length of the insulating layer 2 is short, and the alternation of the insulating layer 2 and the electrode layer becomes fast, so that the processing time can be maximized at a low reciprocating speed; by the alternating reciprocating motion of the electrode layer and the insulating layer 2, the processing time in the electrolytic processing process can be optimized, and the processing speed can be increased.
As shown in fig. 6(a), the insulating layer 2 is opposite to the workpiece processing surface, and the workpiece electrode processing device is in a non-processing state at the moment, so that the discharge of electrolytic products in the gap and the renewal of the electrolyte are facilitated; as shown in fig. 6(b), the wire electrode and the workpiece are in a machining state when the electrode layer of the wire electrode and the workpiece machining surface are opposite to each other with the relative reciprocating up and down movement of the wire electrode and the workpiece; as shown in fig. 6(c), the length of the insulating layer 2 decreases from the center position of the wire electrode to the two extreme positions in the axial direction.
In the workpiece electrochemical machining device of this embodiment, by means of the relative movement between the tool electrode and the workpiece, the insulating layer 2 and the electrode layer on the wire electrode alternately face the machining surface of the workpiece, so that when the electrode layer faces the machining surface of the workpiece, that is, the electrode layer is in the machining area, electrochemical machining is performed, and a material is cut off to generate a machined product; when the insulating layer 2 is opposite to the processing surface of the workpiece, namely the insulating layer 2 is in the processing area, the electrolytic processing process does not occur, and the discharge of electrolytic products and the update of the electrolyte are facilitated. The workpiece electrolytic machining device of the embodiment is beneficial to promoting the discharge of electrolytic products and the update of electrolyte in the machining gap, thereby improving the precision and the machining speed of electrolytic machining.
As another embodiment of the workpiece electrochemical machining apparatus according to the present invention, the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in the structure of the tool electrode included in the workpiece electrode machining apparatus.
The electrolytic machining apparatus for a workpiece according to the present embodiment includes:
a control module 3, a driving module 4, a power supply 5 and a disc electrode as described in the second embodiment of the tool electrode 6;
wherein the disc electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply 5, and the workpiece is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply 5;
the control module 3 is electrically connected with the driving module 4, the driving module 4 is also electrically connected with the disc electrode, and the driving module 4 drives the disc electrode to move under the control of the control module 3;
a gap is formed between the surface of the disc electrode with the insulating layer 2 and the processing surface of the workpiece; the gap is filled with electrolyte;
during electrolytic machining, the disc electrode and the workpiece move relatively to realize the alternate opposite relation between the electrode layer and the insulating layer 2 and the machined surface of the workpiece, and when the electrode layer is opposite to the machined surface of the workpiece, the workpiece is subjected to anodic electrochemical dissolution to cut off materials.
As shown in fig. 7, the relative movement between the disc electrode and the workpiece includes:
the disc electrode and the workpiece are relatively fed along the feeding direction, and simultaneously, the disc electrode rotates around the axis of the disc electrode.
In fig. 7, the cylindrical surface of the disk electrode is provided with periodic insulating layers 2, that is, the insulating layers 2 and the electrode layers are alternately arranged on the cylindrical surface of the disk electrode, the disk electrode and the workpiece perform relative feeding motion along the feeding direction, and the disk electrode performs rotational motion around the axis thereof. The workpiece is connected with the positive electrode of a processing power supply 5, the disc electrode is connected with the negative electrode, and electrolyte is introduced.
In fig. 7(a), the insulating layer 2 is in a non-processing state while facing the processing surface of the workpiece; with the rotation of the disk electrode, the electrode layer of the disk electrode faces the workpiece processing surface in fig. 7(b), and the workpiece is in a processing state. As it is fed, material is etched away from the workpiece and a groove is machined. Due to the fact that the alternating insulating layers 2 exist on the surface of the disc electrode, when the insulating layers 2 are opposite to the processing surface of the workpiece, the electrolytic reaction on the surface of the workpiece is stopped, and at the moment, the discharging of electrolytic products in the processing gap and the entering of fresh electrolyte are facilitated, and therefore the processing conditions of the processing gap are improved. When rotated to the next electrode surface, an electrolytic reaction occurs and workpiece material is removed with the feed motion. The above steps are repeated until the feeding is stopped and the machining is finished.
In this embodiment, the insulating layer 2 serves to convert the original continuous electrolytic machining process into an intermittent process. In the continuous processing process, the product is continuously released, the updating speed of the electrolyte in the processing gap cannot be kept up with the releasing speed of the product, so that the conductivity of the electrolyte in the gap is unstable, and the processing effect is influenced. In the embodiment, an intermittent machining process is adopted, electrolytic machining is stopped during the intermittent period, no machined product is released, and due to concentration diffusion and fluid flowing, electrolytic products in the gap can be discharged quickly, fresh electrolyte can enter the gap quickly, and the electrolytic machining precision and machining speed can be improved.
It is understood that the same or similar parts in the above embodiments may be mutually referred to, and the same or similar parts in other embodiments may be referred to for the content which is not described in detail in some embodiments.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description of the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Further, in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" means at least two unless otherwise specified.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A tool electrode, comprising:
an electrode body;
insulating layers are arranged on the electrode body at intervals to form on the electrode body, and the insulating layers and the electrode layers are alternately arranged;
the tool electrode is a line electrode;
the electrode body is provided with insulating layers at intervals, and the electrode body specifically comprises: insulating layers with certain lengths are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the electrode body;
the length of the insulating layers decreases progressively in sequence along the axial direction from the central position of the electrode body, and the distance between any two adjacent insulating layers is equal.
2. An apparatus for electrolytic processing of a workpiece, comprising:
a control module, a drive module, a power source, and the tool electrode of claim 1;
wherein the tool electrode is connected with the negative pole of the power supply, and the workpiece is connected with the positive pole of the power supply;
the control module is electrically connected with the driving module, the driving module is also electrically connected with the tool electrode, and the driving module drives the tool electrode to move under the control of the control module;
a gap exists between the surface of the tool electrode with the insulating layer and the processing surface of the workpiece; the gap is filled with electrolyte;
during electrolytic machining, the tool electrode and the workpiece move relatively to realize the alternate relative relationship between the electrode layer and the insulating layer and the machined surface of the workpiece, and when the electrode layer is opposite to the machined surface of the workpiece, the workpiece is subjected to anodic electrochemical dissolution to cut off materials.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the tool electrode and the workpiece are relatively movable, comprising:
the relative motion is that the wire electrode and the workpiece perform relative feeding motion along the feeding direction, and simultaneously, the wire electrode and the workpiece perform relative reciprocating up-and-down motion;
the wire electrode and the workpiece do relative reciprocating up-and-down motion, and the wire electrode and the workpiece do relative reciprocating up-and-down motion specifically comprise:
the workpiece is fixed, and the wire electrode moves up and down along the axis direction; in the alternative, the first and second sets of the first,
the wire electrode is stationary, and the workpiece moves up and down in the axial direction of the wire electrode.
4. The electrolytic machining device for workpieces according to claim 3, wherein when the workpiece is stationary and the wire electrode moves up and down in the axial direction, the change curve of the moving speed of the wire electrode is sinusoidal, triangular or trapezoidal;
specifically, the moving speed of the wire electrode at the upper limit position and the lower limit position of the electrode is zero.
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| CN111636095B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-05-04 | 北京理工大学 | Electrochemical layer-by-layer polishing device for additive manufacturing of metal tubular part |
| CN114939699B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2023-11-17 | 南京工业职业技术大学 | Electrolytic cutting method and device for tube electrode for strengthening mass transfer by spark discharge |
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