CN112276097A - Surface polishing method for 3D printing of titanium alloy complex parts - Google Patents
Surface polishing method for 3D printing of titanium alloy complex parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN112276097A CN112276097A CN202011386217.2A CN202011386217A CN112276097A CN 112276097 A CN112276097 A CN 112276097A CN 202011386217 A CN202011386217 A CN 202011386217A CN 112276097 A CN112276097 A CN 112276097A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for polishing the surface of a 3D printed titanium alloy complex part. Adding alumina nano abrasive particles into mixed electrolyte containing formamide, potassium chloride and deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain polishing solution; adding dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride activator into polishing solution at 40 ℃ to ensure that alumina abrasive particles in the polishing solution have positive charges; immersing a 3D printing titanium alloy test piece into a stainless steel groove containing polishing solution, wherein the 3D printing titanium alloy test piece is connected with an anode, and the stainless steel groove is connected with a cathode; then applying a pulse direct current power supply between the cathode and the anode to generate discharge plasma; and in the inter-pulse stage of the current waveform, ultrasonic oscillation with the frequency of 40-60kHz is applied to the polishing solution by an ultrasonic device at the bottom of the polishing groove, and the 3D printing titanium alloy test piece is polished for not less than 15 min. The method utilizes the comprehensive effects of anodic electrochemical reaction, discharge plasma erosion, ultrasonic cavitation and abrasive particle erosion to realize effective polishing of the 3D printing titanium alloy wall surface and the cavity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material surface treatment, in particular to a surface polishing method for 3D printing of titanium alloy complex parts.
Background
Conventional titanium alloy part fabrication relies primarily on casting and forging. Wherein the cast parts are easy to manufacture in large sizes, but heavy and cannot be machined into fine shapes; although the precision is good after forging and cutting, the waste of the titanium alloy material is serious, and 95% of the raw material is cut off as waste. Moreover, both techniques make it difficult to manufacture complex titanium alloy parts. The 3D printing (three-dimensional additive manufacturing) titanium alloy technology well solves the problems existing in casting and forging. It uses high-energy beams such as laser beam and electron beam as heat source to heat titanium alloy material to make it combine, and directly makes complex parts. Because a material overlapping technology without a special die is adopted, 90% of expensive titanium alloy raw materials are saved, and the processing cost can be obviously reduced.
In view of the influence of factors such as cost and efficiency, the titanium alloy 3D printing technology is mainly used for forming special shapes or structures such as thin walls, hollows and special shapes. The special shape, the complex structure and the difficult processing property of the titanium alloy material make the traditional titanium alloy processing methods such as high-speed cutting difficult to be applied. At present, domestic researches and reports are carried out on the surface of a 3D printed titanium alloy part, and in the post-treatment process of the 3D printed titanium alloy part, the surface precision and quality of the part are improved basically by manual polishing, shot blasting and traditional trial and error methods. However, the manual sanding and trial and error methods are very inefficient. Although a complex numerical control machine tool integrating material increase and material reduction appears abroad in recent years, the problems of easy damage of a cutter, high processing cost and the like still exist.
In recent years, a great deal of research work on titanium alloy composite processing technology based on non-traditional processing theory is carried out at home and abroad. The technology realizes effective processing of the titanium alloy material by utilizing energy compounding modes such as electricity, chemistry and the like. Among them, electrochemical machining mainly and electric discharge machining mainly are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industries. However, due to the limitation of shape and size, the design and introduction of tool electrodes are difficult due to the 3D printing of complex parts such as titanium alloy hollows, profiles and the like, and it is difficult to directly adopt complex machining methods such as electrolysis, electric spark and the like, and there is an urgent need to develop an "electrodeless" machining method based on the above energy form.
The electrolytic plasma processing is a new method developed on the basis of electrolysis and discharge processing, and is a new surface treatment technology for generating discharge plasma on the surface of a metal workpiece under the action of high voltage in electrolyte to achieve the cleaning or polishing effect. When in processing, a workpiece is immersed into electrolyte at a certain temperature, and anodic oxidation is generated due to the electrochemical action; applying a specific voltage and selecting proper process parameters, and generating a stable steam gas layer at the position where the workpiece surface is adjacent to the electrolyte so as to isolate the workpiece surface from the electrolyte; with the increase of the voltage, the gas layer is broken down to form discharge plasma, and the oxide film at the anode projection is removed. When the electrochemical anodic oxidation and the discharge plasma erosion effect reach the optimal dynamic balance, the surface of the workpiece can obtain good polishing effect.
However, pure electrolytic plasma polishing has certain limitations, such as: to prevent the electrolytic plasma from converting from "microdischarge" to "arc discharge" to damage the titanium alloy substrate, it is often required to input as little energy as possible, which would result in the discharge plasma polishing the anodic oxide insufficiently. Thus, other forms of energy are needed to assist in removal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a surface polishing method for 3D printing of titanium alloy complex parts, which is based on a multi-energy field coupling principle, utilizes the characteristic of coexistence of energy forms such as electricity, heat, chemistry, sound, abrasive particles and the like in the processing process, realizes the dynamic balance of surface passivation and activation of the 3D printing titanium alloy complex parts by means of the effects of anodic polarization (generating an oxide film, passivation), discharge plasma etching (activation), ultrasonic cavitation and abrasive particle erosion (auxiliary activation) and the like and reasonably controls the effects of electrochemical reaction, plasma discharge, ultrasonic cavitation, abrasive particle impact and the like, finally reduces the surface roughness and improves the surface quality, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the surface use performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: (1) and preparing a mixed electrolyte containing formamide, potassium chloride and deionized water.
(2) Adding alumina abrasive particles with nanometer particle sizes into the mixed electrolyte, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polishing solution.
(3) Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride activator is added into the polishing solution to ensure that the alumina abrasive particles in the polishing solution have positive charges.
(4) And (3) immersing the 3D titanium alloy test piece into a stainless steel tank filled with polishing solution, wherein the 3D titanium alloy test piece is connected with the anode, and the stainless steel tank is connected with the cathode.
(5) A pulse direct current power supply is applied between the cathode and the anode, and the main electrical parameters comprise: the voltage is 300-.
(6) Detecting the current waveform in the polishing process, applying ultrasonic oscillation with the frequency of 40-60kHz to the polishing solution by an ultrasonic device at the bottom of the polishing tank only in the inter-pulse stage of the waveform, and driving the alumina nano abrasive particles in the polishing solution to impact and strip the residual oxide film on the surface of the anode after the plasma discharge corrosion.
(7) And (3) maintaining the temperature of the polishing solution at about 40 ℃ by adopting a circulating water cooling system, and polishing the 3D titanium alloy test piece for not less than 15 min.
The surface polishing method for the 3D printing titanium alloy complex parts has the following advantages and effects: the method can be used for processing 3D printing titanium alloy complex parts such as thin walls, hollows, special shapes and the like, and macroscopic cutting force does not exist; the method is simple, and pretreatment processes such as oil removal, rust removal, degreasing and the like are not needed; the method is characterized in that discharge plasma generated by a high-voltage direct-current power supply breakdown gas layer, ultrasonic cavitation and erosion of nano abrasive particles are matched with each other to remove an oxide film, and high-activity electrolyte is not selected to realize activation of the surface of an anode; by adopting the workpiece immersion method, materials such as copper, graphite and the like are not needed to be used as cathodes independently, and the technical problems of tool electrode design, loss and how to introduce the materials into 3D printing titanium alloy complex parts do not exist.
The method for polishing the titanium alloy by the electrolysis plasma assisted by the combination of the ultrasound and the abrasive particles has the advantages of low cost, convenient operation, easy realization of high-efficiency polishing of the inner wall and the outer wall of the part with special structure and complex shape of the 3D printed titanium alloy, and contribution to industrialization and commercial popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the surface morphology and roughness of a 3D printed titanium alloy part before and after ultrasonic abrasive particle combined auxiliary electrolytic plasma polishing.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a surface polishing method for 3D printing of titanium alloy complex parts, which comprises the following steps: formamide and potassium chloride with the concentrations of 750ml/L and 10g/L respectively are taken as electrolytes and mixed with deionized water together, and mixed electrolyte is formed after stirring for 20 min; adding alumina abrasive particles with the particle size of 50nm and the particle size of 20g/L into the mixed electrolyte, and uniformly stirring to obtain a polishing solution; adding 10g/L dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride active agent into the polishing solution to ensure that alumina abrasive particles in the polishing solution have positive charges; immersing a 3D printing titanium alloy test piece into a stainless steel groove containing polishing solution, wherein the 3D printing titanium alloy test piece is connected with an anode, and the stainless steel groove is connected with a cathode; applying a pulse direct current power supply between the cathode and the anode to carry out electrolytic plasma polishing on the titanium alloy, wherein the main electrical parameters comprise: the voltage is 350V, the pulse frequency is 1000Hz, and the duty ratio is 55 percent; detecting the current waveform in the polishing process, and only in the inter-pulse stage of the waveform, applying ultrasonic oscillation with the frequency of 50kHz to the polishing solution by an ultrasonic device at the bottom of a polishing tank, and driving alumina nano abrasive particles in the polishing solution to impact and strip an oxide film remained on the surface of the anode after plasma discharge corrosion; and (3) adopting a circulating water cooling system to keep the temperature of the polishing solution at 40 ℃ all the time, and carrying out ultrasonic abrasive particle combined auxiliary electrolytic plasma polishing treatment on the titanium alloy test piece for 20 min.
And (3) respectively cleaning the polished 3D printed titanium alloy test piece with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water and drying at normal temperature, and measuring by using a scanning electron microscope, wherein as shown in figure 1, after the 3D printed titanium alloy test piece is polished by ultrasonic abrasive particle combined auxiliary electrolytic plasma, the rough surface becomes smooth and flat. It is to be understood that the examples described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A surface polishing method for 3D printing titanium alloy complex parts is based on a multi-energy field coupling principle, utilizes the characteristic of coexistence of energy forms such as electricity, heat, chemistry, sound, abrasive particles and the like in the processing process, realizes dynamic balance of surface passivation and activation of 3D printing titanium alloy complex parts by reasonably controlling the effects such as electrochemical reaction, plasma discharge, ultrasonic cavitation, abrasive particle impact and the like by means of the effects such as anodic polarization (generating an oxide film, passivation), discharge plasma etching (activation), ultrasonic cavitation and abrasive particle erosion (auxiliary activation), and finally reduces surface roughness and improves surface quality, and mainly comprises the following steps: 1) preparing mixed electrolyte containing formamide, potassium chloride and deionized water; 2) adding alumina abrasive particles with nanometer particle sizes into the mixed electrolyte, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain a polishing solution; 3) adding dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride activator into the polishing solution to ensure that alumina abrasive particles in the polishing solution have positive charges; 4) immersing a 3D titanium alloy test piece into a stainless steel tank filled with polishing solution, wherein the 3D titanium alloy test piece is connected with an anode, and the stainless steel tank is connected with a cathode; 5) a pulse direct current power supply is applied between the cathode and the anode, and the main electrical parameters comprise: the voltage is 300-; 6) detecting the current waveform in the polishing process, and only in the inter-pulse stage of the waveform, applying ultrasonic oscillation with the frequency of 40-60kHz on the polishing solution by an ultrasonic device at the bottom of a polishing tank, and driving the alumina nano abrasive particles in the polishing solution to impact and strip the residual oxide film on the surface of the anode after the plasma discharge corrosion; 7) and (3) maintaining the temperature of the polishing solution at about 40 ℃ by adopting a circulating water cooling system, and polishing the 3D titanium alloy test piece for not less than 15 min.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN113369498A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-09-10 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Surface post-treatment method for 3D printing copper alloy contact material |
| CN114211005A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-22 | 四川省有色冶金研究院有限公司 | SLM forming metal piece surface treatment method |
| CN114713854A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-07-08 | 西安交通大学 | Surface post-treatment device for fusion forming of complex curved surface laser powder bed |
| CN114713920A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-07-08 | 南京晨光集团有限责任公司 | Internal surface finishing method for selective laser melting forming pipeline |
| CN114800286A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-29 | 西安焦视医疗器械有限责任公司 | Post-processing device and method for 3D printing titanium alloy mirror frame |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN114713920A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-07-08 | 南京晨光集团有限责任公司 | Internal surface finishing method for selective laser melting forming pipeline |
| CN114800286A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-29 | 西安焦视医疗器械有限责任公司 | Post-processing device and method for 3D printing titanium alloy mirror frame |
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| CN114713854A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-07-08 | 西安交通大学 | Surface post-treatment device for fusion forming of complex curved surface laser powder bed |
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Application publication date: 20210129 |