CN110777413B - Method for laser remelting of surface of plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating - Google Patents
Method for laser remelting of surface of plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating Download PDFInfo
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- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for laser remelting the surface of a plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating, which is a method for carrying out laser remelting modification and reinforcement on the surface of titanium and titanium alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy, titanium aluminum alloy, stainless steel and the like. In the laser remelting process, under the high-energy radiation effect of a laser beam, a molten pool is formed in a local area of the ceramic coating in the coverage area of a light spot and is melted, and the melts undergo phase transition under the high-temperature condition to generate a second-phase substance with higher hardness and the like; meanwhile, the molten pool can be quenched by relying on a matrix material with lower temperature, the microstructure of the coating material can be subjected to grain refinement, and the cooled ceramic coating structure becomes uniform and compact. These factors all contribute to improving and enhancing the structural compactness, surface hardness, bonding force, high temperature oxidation resistance, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the plasma cathode electrodeposited ceramic coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material surface modification, and relates to a laser remelting method for plasma cathode electrolytic deposition of a ceramic coating surface, in particular to a laser remelting modification strengthening method for plasma cathode electrolytic deposition of the ceramic coating on the surfaces of titanium and titanium alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy, titanium aluminum alloy, stainless steel and the like, which improves the structural compactness, bonding force, surface hardness, wear resistance and other comprehensive performances of the ceramic coating.
Background
The plasma cathode electrolytic deposition technology can be used for preparing ceramic coatings growing in situ on the surfaces of titanium and titanium alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, magnesium and magnesium alloys, titanium aluminum alloys, stainless steel and the like. The ceramic coating component is irrelevant to the matrix, the coating component is not limited by the matrix material, the coating microstructure and component are uniformly distributed, the growth mode is in-situ growth, the bonding force with the matrix is good, the ceramic coating component has good heat insulation performance, the surface hardness, the high-temperature oxidation resistance and the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the alloy matrix can be remarkably improved, and the technology has good technical application prospect.
At present, the limitation of the plasma cathode electrolytic deposition technology is mainly that the ceramic coating has an insufficiently compact tissue structure, is relatively loose and porous, and particularly when the thickness of the coating is high, the surface is easy to crack and peel slightly, which can cause the reduction of the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface of the coating. Therefore, it is necessary to perform strengthening modification treatment on the plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating, and improve the comprehensive performance of the ceramic coating so as to further develop and popularize engineering application of the technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for laser remelting the surface of a plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating, which aims at the defects of loose structure, easy cracking and peeling of the surface plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating of titanium and titanium alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy, titanium aluminum alloy, stainless steel and the like, provides a technical means for laser remelting, improves the structural compactness of the plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating, reduces the porosity of the ceramic coating, and improves the surface hardness, the binding force with a matrix and the wear resistance of the coating.
Technical proposal
A method for laser remelting the surface of a plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: taking an alloy substrate as an anode, taking a stainless steel sheet as a cathode, adopting a plasma power supply to perform micro-arc oxidation treatment, and adopting the plasma micro-arc oxidation power supply to perform micro-arc oxidation treatment;
the micro-arc oxidation treatment working solution comprises the following components: 3g/L-30g/L Na 2 SiO 3 NaAlO 2g/L-20g/L 2 Na 2g/L-30g/L 3 PO 4 1g/L-5g/L NaOH;
the technological parameters are as follows: the frequency is 200Hz-600Hz, the duty ratio is 10% -40%, and the current density is 5A/dm 2 –30A/dm 2 The temperature is below 10 ℃ and the time is 3min-5min;
taking out the product after cleaning in deionized water, and naturally airing;
step 2: taking the alloy substrate treated in the step 1 as a cathode, taking graphite sheets as anodes, placing the graphite sheets in a plasma electrolytic deposition working solution in parallel, and adopting a constant-current mode or a constant-voltage mode to treat the alloy substrate for 15min-60min, wherein the temperature of the working solution is kept below 10 ℃ in the treatment process, so as to obtain a ceramic coating with the thickness of 10 mu m-70 mu m;
washing in deionized water for 3-5 min, taking out, and naturally air-drying;
preparing the plasma electrolytic deposition working solution: adding nitrate into a mixed solvent of deionized water and ethanol, and stirring until the nitrate is completely dissolved to obtain a working solution for plasma cathode electrolytic deposition;
the volume ratio of the deionized water to the ethanol is as follows: 0/10, 1/9, 2/8, 3/7, 4/6, 5/5, 6/4, 7/3, 8/2, 9/1, 10/0;
step 3, laser remelting treatment: placing the alloy substrate with the ceramic coating deposited in the step 2 on a laser workbench, carrying out surface remelting treatment on the ceramic coating by using a high-energy laser beam generated by a laser, setting the laser power to be 50W-300W, the spot diameter to be 1mm-5mm, the distance from a laser head to a working surface to be 5mm-30mm, and the laser scanning speed to be 50mm/min-500mm/min. The laser beam scanning path is a single-layer path and a reciprocating progressive path, and the laser remelting ceramic coating is obtained.
The alloy matrix is pretreated: and (3) selecting 50# abrasive paper-400 # abrasive paper to polish the alloy matrix, removing greasy dirt and a surface rust layer on the surface of the matrix, flushing the polished matrix material with deionized water, ultrasonically cleaning with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-5 min, flushing with deionized water, and naturally air-drying.
The nitrate is a nitrate including but not limited to Al (NO) 3 ) 3 、Zr(NO 3 ) 4 、Y(NO 3 ) 3 、Ce(NO 3 ) 4 Or La (NO) 3 ) 3 One or more of them.
The alloy matrix material is titanium and titanium alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy, titanium aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
The ratio of the anode graphite flake area to the cathode workpiece area in the step 2 is 1/5, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 1/1, 2/1, 3/1, 4/1 and 5/1.
And 2, the distance between the two electrode plates in the step of parallel placement is 5mm-50mm.
In the constant current mode in the step 2, a bipolar constant current mode is adopted as a plasma power supply, and the forward current density is 5A/dm 2 –20A/dm 2 Negative current density 1A/dm 2 –5A/dm 2 The positive duty ratio is 5% -50%, the negative duty ratio is 5% -20%, and the current frequency is 50Hz-800Hz.
In the constant voltage mode of the step 2, the plasma power supply adopts a bipolar constant voltage mode, the positive voltage is 300V-600V, the negative voltage is 50V-300V, the positive duty ratio is 5-50%, the negative duty ratio is 5-20%, and the current frequency is 50Hz-800Hz.
The lasers in the step 3 are various semiconductor lasers, carbon dioxide lasers and Nd-YAG, ruby and argon ion excimer lasers.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a laser remelting method for plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating surfaces, which is a laser remelting modification strengthening method for plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating surfaces of titanium and titanium alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy, titanium aluminum alloy, stainless steel and the like. The invention solves the defects of loose structure and easy cracking and peeling of plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating on the surfaces of titanium and titanium alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy, titanium-aluminum alloy, stainless steel and the like. The laser remelting technology provided by the invention improves the structural compactness of the ceramic coating, reduces the porosity of the ceramic coating, and improves the surface hardness, the binding force with a matrix and the wear resistance of the coating. The invention can be used for preparing ceramic coating with compact structure, strong binding force and excellent comprehensive performance on the surfaces of titanium and titanium alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy, titanium-aluminum alloy, stainless steel and the like.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: in the plasma cathode electrolytic deposition process, the pretreated workpiece prepared in the step 1 is used as a cathode, a graphite sheet is used as an anode, two electrode plates are parallelly immersed in a working solution electrolytic tank, the working solution is used as a conductive medium, and a plasma micro-arc pulse power supply is used for applying high-energy pulse voltage between the two electrode plates. When the output voltage of the power supply reaches a certain critical value, the surface of the pretreated cathode workpiece is broken down by discharge to generate electric spark, and meanwhile hydroxide particles deposited and adsorbed on the surface of the cathode workpiece are dehydrated under the action of the energy of the electric spark to generate oxide particles in situ on the surface of the workpiece. Because of the spark discharge on the surface of the workpiece and the deposition, adsorption and dehydration of the hydroxide particles almost simultaneously, ceramic particles on the surface of the workpiece are continuously generated under the action of continuous pulse voltage, and finally a continuous ceramic coating is formed.
In the laser remelting process, under the high-energy radiation effect of a laser beam, a molten pool is formed in a local area of the ceramic coating in the coverage area of a light spot and is melted, and the melts undergo phase transition under the high-temperature condition to generate a second-phase substance with higher hardness and the like; meanwhile, the molten pool can be quenched by relying on a matrix material with lower temperature, the microstructure of the coating material can be subjected to grain refinement, and the cooled ceramic coating structure becomes uniform and compact. These factors all contribute to improving and enhancing the structural compactness, surface hardness, bonding force, high temperature oxidation resistance, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the plasma cathode electrodeposited ceramic coating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the plasma electrolytic cathode deposition technology gets rid of the limitation of matrix materials on coating components, ceramic coatings with different components can be obtained by adjusting electrolyte composition, and ceramic coatings with different thicknesses can be obtained by adjusting electric parameters and controlling deposition time;
2. the laser remelting technology improves the surface hardness and binding force of the coating, and high-temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the coating by improving the structural compactness of the ceramic coating;
3. the equipment cost is low, the environment is protected, no pollution is caused, no three wastes are discharged, and the development requirement of the environment-friendly surface modification technology is met;
4. the plasma electrolytic cathode deposition equipment and the laser equipment are simple to operate, high in stability and high in efficiency, and are beneficial to realizing industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a ceramic coating by plasma cathode electrolytic deposition
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser remelting process
FIG. 3 shows the microscopic topography of the surface (a) and cross section (b) of a plasma cathode electrodeposited ceramic coating
FIG. 4 shows the microscopic morphology of the surface (a) and the cross section (b) of the ceramic coating after laser remelting treatment
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the coefficient of friction of a ceramic coating before (a) and after (b) laser remelting with GCr15 balls at room temperature
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the surface hardness (a) and the bonding strength (b) before and after the laser remelting treatment of the ceramic coating
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to examples, figures:
the implementation flow of the technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
1. pretreatment of a matrix material: and (3) selecting 50# abrasive paper-400 # abrasive paper to polish the alloy matrix, removing greasy dirt and a surface rust layer on the surface of the matrix, flushing the polished matrix material with deionized water, ultrasonically cleaning with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-5 min, flushing with deionized water, and naturally air-drying. Taking an alloy substrate sample as an anode, taking a stainless steel sheet as a cathode, adopting a plasma power supply to carry out micro-arc oxidation treatment, and adopting the plasma micro-arc oxidation power supply to carry out micro-arc oxidation treatment, wherein the working solution comprises the following components: na (Na) 2 SiO 3 3g/L–30g/L、NaAlO 2 2g/L–20g/L、Na 3 PO 4 2g/L-30g/L, naOH g/L-5g/L, and the technological parameters are as follows: frequency 500Hz, duty cycle 20%, current density 5A/dm 2 The temperature is 10 ℃ and the time is 5min. Washing with deionized water, and naturally air-drying.
2. Preparing a plasma cathode electrolytic deposition working solution: al (NO) 3 ) 3 、Zr(NO 3 ) 4 、Y(NO 3 ) 3 、Ce(NO 3 ) 4 One or more of the nitrate is used as solute and added into deionized water/ethanol solvent with a certain volume ratio, and the solution is continuously stirred until the solution is completely dissolved, thus obtaining the working solution for plasma cathode electrolytic deposition.
3. Plasma electrolytic deposition treatment: and (3) taking the pretreated sample in the first step as a cathode, taking a graphite sheet as an anode, and placing the graphite sheet in the working solution prepared in the second step in parallel. And (3) adopting a constant-current mode or a constant-voltage mode to treat for 15-60 min, keeping the temperature of the working solution below 10 ℃ in the treatment process to obtain a ceramic coating with the thickness of 10-70 mu m, cleaning the coating sample in deionized water for 3-5 min, taking out, and naturally airing.
4. Laser remelting treatment: and (3) placing the plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating prepared in the step (III) on a laser workbench, carrying out surface remelting treatment on the ceramic coating by using a high-energy laser beam generated by a laser, setting the laser power to be 50W-300W, the spot diameter to be 1mm-5mm, the distance from a laser head to a working surface to be 5mm-30mm, and the laser scanning speed to be 50mm/min-500mm/min. The laser beam scanning path is a single-layer path and a reciprocating progressive path, and the ceramic coating sample remelted by the laser is obtained.
Specific examples:
example 1:
selecting titanium-aluminum alloy as a matrix material, and processing according to the following steps:
1. pretreatment of a matrix material: and (3) selecting 50# abrasive paper-400 # abrasive paper to polish the alloy matrix, removing greasy dirt and a surface rust layer on the surface of the matrix, flushing the polished matrix material with deionized water, ultrasonically cleaning with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-5 min, flushing with deionized water, and naturally air-drying. Taking an alloy substrate sample as an anode, taking a stainless steel sheet as a cathode, adopting a plasma power supply to carry out micro-arc oxidation treatment, and adopting the plasma micro-arc oxidation power supply to carry out micro-arc oxidation treatment, wherein the working solution comprises the following components: na (Na) 2 SiO 3 3g/L–30g/L、NaAlO 2 2g/L–20g/L、Na 3 PO 4 2g/L-30g/L, naOH g/L-5g/L, and the technological parameters are as follows: frequency 500Hz, duty cycle 20Concentration of current 5A/dm 2 The temperature is 10 ℃ and the time is 5min. Washing with deionized water, and naturally air-drying.
2. Preparing a plasma cathode electrolytic deposition working solution: al (NO) 3 ) 3 、Zr(NO 3 ) 4 、Y(NO 3 ) 3 、Ce(NO 3 ) 4 One or more of the nitrate is used as solute and added into the mixture of 1:1 in deionized water/ethanol solvent, continuously stirring until the solution is completely dissolved, and obtaining the working solution for plasma cathode electrolytic deposition.
3. Plasma electrolytic deposition treatment: taking the pretreated sample in the first step as a cathode, taking a graphite sheet as an anode, wherein the area ratio of two polar plates is 1: and 1, placing the plates at a distance of 10mm in parallel in the working solution prepared in the step two. The plasma power supply adopts a bipolar constant current mode, and the forward current density is 5A/dm 2 –20A/dm 2 Negative current density 1A/dm 2 –5A/dm 2 The positive duty ratio is 5-50%, the negative duty ratio is 5-20%, the current frequency is 50-800 Hz, and the treatment time is 15-60 min. And (3) maintaining the temperature of the working solution below 10 ℃ in the treatment process to obtain the ceramic coating with the thickness of 10-70 mu m, cleaning the coating sample in deionized water for 3-5 min, taking out, and naturally air-drying.
4. Laser remelting treatment: and (3) placing the plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating prepared in the step (III) on a semiconductor laser workbench, carrying out surface remelting treatment on the ceramic coating by using a high-energy laser beam generated by a laser, setting the laser power to be 50W-300W, the spot diameter to be 1mm-5mm, the distance from a laser head to a working surface to be 5mm-30mm, and the laser scanning speed to be 50mm/min-500mm/min. The laser beam scanning path is a single-layer path and a reciprocating progressive path, and the ceramic coating sample remelted by the laser is obtained.
In the first step of this example 1, the purpose of sanding was to remove oil stains and surface rust on the surface of the substrate, the purpose of deionized water washing was to remove dirt, the purpose of ultrasonic cleaning with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol was to remove oil, and the purpose of washing with deionized water was to remove residual materials on the surface. The purpose of the micro-arc oxidation treatment in step one of this example 1 is to prepare a pretreatment layer on the substrate surface.
The titanium-aluminum alloy material selected in step 1 of this example 1 was a γ -TiAl alloy with a working size of 40 mm. Times.20 mm. Times.10 mm
The power source used in step 1 of this example 1 was MAO-20C power source developed by Changan university.
Al (NO) in step 2 of this example 1 3 ) 3 The higher the concentration, the smaller the deionized water/ethanol volume ratio, the higher the thickness of the prepared plasma cathode electrolytic deposition coating, and the more loose the coating structure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of the plasma cathode electrolytic deposition in step 3 of this example 1. The smaller the area ratio of the cathode to the anode, the closer the distance between the electrode plates is, the larger the current density is, which is more beneficial to the generation of the ceramic coating, but is not beneficial to the improvement of the structural compactness of the ceramic coating; the larger the duty ratio and the current frequency, the more intense the deposition reaction, the uniformity, compactness and surface hardness of the coating are improved, and the thickness and the bonding strength are increased and then reduced. The thickness of the plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating prepared in the step three of the present example 1 is 10 μm to 70. Mu.m.
The power source used in step 3 of this example 1 was MAO-20C power source developed by Changan university.
The working principle of step 3 of this embodiment 1 is:
in the plasma cathode electrolytic deposition process, the pretreated workpiece prepared in the first step is used as a cathode, a graphite sheet is used as an anode, two electrode plates are parallelly immersed in a working solution electrolytic tank, the working solution is used as a conductive medium, and a plasma micro-arc pulse power supply is used for applying high-energy pulse voltage between the two electrode plates. When the output voltage of the power supply reaches a certain critical value, the surface of the pretreated cathode workpiece is broken down by discharge to generate electric spark, and meanwhile hydroxide particles deposited and adsorbed on the surface of the cathode workpiece are dehydrated under the action of the energy of the electric spark to generate oxide particles in situ on the surface of the workpiece. Because of the spark discharge on the surface of the workpiece and the deposition, adsorption and dehydration of the hydroxide particles almost simultaneously, ceramic particles on the surface of the workpiece are continuously generated under the action of continuous pulse voltage, and finally a continuous ceramic coating is formed.
The laser used in step 4 of this example 1 was a Hua Xin laser HXKJ-f2000W laser.
The working principle of step 4 of this embodiment 1 is:
in the laser remelting process, under the high-energy radiation effect of a laser beam, a molten pool is formed in a local area of the ceramic coating in the coverage area of a light spot and is melted, and the melts undergo phase transition under the high-temperature condition to generate a second-phase substance with higher hardness and the like; meanwhile, the molten pool can be quenched by relying on a matrix material with lower temperature, the microstructure of the coating material can be subjected to grain refinement, and the cooled ceramic coating structure becomes uniform and compact. These factors all contribute to improving and enhancing the structural compactness, surface hardness, bonding force, high temperature oxidation resistance, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the plasma cathode electrodeposited ceramic coating.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the laser remelting process in step 4 of embodiment 1, wherein the laser remelting can improve the structural compactness of the ceramic coating, reduce the porosity of the surface of the coating, and improve the surface hardness and binding force, high-temperature oxidation resistance and wear resistance of the coating under the high energy action of a laser beam, as shown in fig. 3-6 respectively.
Characterization test analysis was performed using Verios G4 field emission scanning electron microscope coating microtopography and organization structure manufactured by FEI company, usa, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. As can be seen from fig. 3, the surface of the plasma cathode electrolytic deposition coating on the surface of the titanium-aluminum alloy has a small amount of micropores and microcrack coating, and the cross-section structure of the coating is loose. As can be seen from fig. 4, the ceramic microstructure after laser remelting becomes uniform and dense, surface micropores disappear, and microcracks are reduced.
The friction and abrasion tests of the ceramic coating before and after laser remelting and the GCr15 ball counter grinding under normal temperature conditions were carried out by using an HT-1000 high temperature friction and abrasion tester developed by the Lanzhou chemical and physical research institute of China academy of sciences, and the friction coefficients thereof are measured as shown in FIG. 5. It can be seen that the coefficient of friction of the ceramic coating is reduced from about 0.7 to about 0.5 after laser remelting.
The surface hardness of the coating before and after remelting was measured using a TI980 durometer, and the coating adhesion was measured using a WS2005 scratcher, and the results are shown in fig. 6. As can be seen, after laser remelting, the surface hardness of the ceramic coating was changed from 965MPa (Hv 0.2 ) Is increased to 1750MPa (Hv) 0.2 ) The binding force is increased from 43N to 67N.
The embodiment of the embodiment 1 is environment-friendly and pollution-free.
Example 2:
this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the matrix material in the step 1 is titanium and titanium alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy or stainless steel.
Other steps were performed in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3:
this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 or 2 in that: in the deionized water/ethanol solvent in the step 2, the volume ratio of the deionized water to the ethanol is 0/10, 1/9, 2/8, 3/7, 4/6, 6/4, 7/3, 8/2, 9/1 and 10/0.
Other steps are the same as those of example 1 or 2.
Example 4:
this embodiment differs from embodiment 1, 2 or 3 in that: the ratio of the area of the anode graphite sheet to the area of the cathode workpiece in the step 3 is 1/5, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/1, 3/1, 4/1 and 5/1, and the two electrode plates are placed in parallel, and the plate spacing is 5mm-50mm.
Other implementation steps are the same as in examples 1, 2 or 3.
Example 5:
this embodiment differs from embodiment 1, 2, 3 or 4 in that: in the step 3, the plasma power supply adopts a bipolar constant voltage mode, the positive voltage is 300V-600V, the negative voltage is 50V-300V, the positive duty ratio is 5-50%, the negative duty ratio is 5-20%, the current frequency is 50Hz-800Hz, and the processing time is 15-60 min.
Other implementation steps are the same as in examples 1, 2, 3 or 4.
Example 6:
this embodiment differs from embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 in that: the laser selected in the step 4 is a semiconductor laser of other types, or a carbon dioxide laser or an excimer laser such as YAG, ruby, argon ions and the like.
Other implementation steps are the same as in examples 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
Claims (6)
1. A method for laser remelting the surface of a plasma cathode electrolytic deposition ceramic coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: taking an alloy substrate as an anode, taking a stainless steel sheet as a cathode, adopting a plasma power supply to perform micro-arc oxidation treatment, and adopting the plasma micro-arc oxidation power supply to perform micro-arc oxidation treatment;
the micro-arc oxidation treatment working solution comprises the following components: 3g/L-30g/L Na 2 SiO 3 NaAlO 2g/L-20g/L 2 Na 2g/L-30g/L 3 PO 4 1g/L-5g/L NaOH;
the technological parameters are as follows: the frequency is 200Hz-600Hz, the duty ratio is 10% -40%, and the current density is 5A/dm 2 -30A/dm 2 The temperature is below 10 ℃ and the time is 3min-5min;
taking out the product after cleaning in deionized water, and naturally airing;
step 2: taking the alloy substrate treated in the step 1 as a cathode, taking graphite sheets as anodes, placing the graphite sheets in a plasma electrolytic deposition working solution in parallel, and adopting a constant-current mode or a constant-voltage mode to treat the alloy substrate for 15min-60min, wherein the temperature of the working solution is kept below 10 ℃ in the treatment process, so as to obtain a ceramic coating with the thickness of 10 mu m-70 mu m;
washing in deionized water for 3-5 min, taking out, and naturally air-drying;
preparing the plasma electrolytic deposition working solution: adding nitrate into a mixed solvent of deionized water and ethanol, and stirring until the nitrate is completely dissolved to obtain a working solution for plasma cathode electrolytic deposition;
the volume ratio of the deionized water to the ethanol is as follows: 0/10, 1/9, 2/8, 3/7, 4/6, 5/5, 6/4, 7/3, 8/2, 9/1, 10/0;
the distance between the two electrode plates in the step 2 which are placed in parallel is 5mm-10mm;
the ratio of the anode graphite flake area to the cathode workpiece area in the step 2 is 1/5, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 1/1, 2/1, 3/1, 4/1 and 5/1;
step 3, laser remelting treatment: placing the alloy substrate with the ceramic coating deposited in the step 2 on a laser workbench, carrying out surface remelting treatment on the ceramic coating by using a high-energy laser beam generated by a laser, setting laser power to be 50W-300W, the light spot diameter to be 1mm-5mm, the distance from a laser head to a working surface to be 5mm-30mm, and the laser scanning speed to be 50mm/min-500mm/min, wherein the laser beam scanning path is a single-layer path and a reciprocating progressive path, so as to obtain the laser remelted ceramic coating;
the alloy matrix is pretreated: and (3) selecting 50# abrasive paper-400 # abrasive paper to polish the alloy matrix, removing greasy dirt and a surface rust layer on the surface of the matrix, flushing the polished matrix material with deionized water, ultrasonically cleaning with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-5 min, flushing with deionized water, and naturally air-drying.
2. The method of laser remelting a surface of a plasma cathode electrowinning ceramic coating of claim 1 wherein: the nitrate comprises Al (NO) 3 ) 3 、Zr(NO 3 ) 4 、Y(NO 3 ) 3 、Ce(NO 3 ) 4 Or La (NO) 3 ) 3 One or more of them.
3. The method of laser remelting a surface of a plasma cathode electrowinning ceramic coating of claim 1 wherein: the alloy matrix material is titanium and titanium alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy, titanium aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
4. The method of laser remelting a surface of a plasma cathode electrowinning ceramic coating of claim 1 wherein: in the constant current mode in the step 2, a bipolar constant current mode is adopted as a plasma power supply, and the forward current density is 5A/dm 2 -20A/dm 2 Negative current density 1A/dm 2 -5A/dm 2 The positive duty ratio is 5% -50%, the negative duty ratio is 5% -20%, and the current frequency is 50Hz-800Hz.
5. The method of laser remelting a surface of a plasma cathode electrowinning ceramic coating of claim 1 wherein: in the constant voltage mode of the step 2, the plasma power supply adopts a bipolar constant voltage mode, the positive voltage is 300V-600V, the negative voltage is 50V-300V, the positive duty ratio is 5-50%, the negative duty ratio is 5-20%, and the current frequency is 50Hz-800Hz.
6. The method of laser remelting a surface of a plasma cathode electrowinning ceramic coating of claim 1 wherein: the lasers in the step 3 are various semiconductor lasers, carbon dioxide lasers and Nd: YAG, ruby, argon ion excimer laser.
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