CN109807413B - Processing method and device of particle reinforced metal matrix composite - Google Patents
Processing method and device of particle reinforced metal matrix composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN109807413B CN109807413B CN201910123951.0A CN201910123951A CN109807413B CN 109807413 B CN109807413 B CN 109807413B CN 201910123951 A CN201910123951 A CN 201910123951A CN 109807413 B CN109807413 B CN 109807413B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a processing method and a device of a particle reinforced metal matrix composite, which immerse a workpiece in a low-concentration salt solution, apply a magnetic field around the workpiece, alternately perform electric spark processing and electrolytic processing on the workpiece in a processing period, remove a workpiece matrix and part of reinforced particles by using high temperature generated by the electric spark processing, and remove a recast layer generated by the electric spark processing by using the electrolytic processing to realize magnetic field-assisted electric spark-electrolytic composite processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining equipment, in particular to a method and a device for machining a particle-reinforced metal matrix composite.
Background
The metal matrix composite material is prepared by taking metal materials such as aluminum and alloy thereof, titanium, magnesium and the like as a matrix and ceramic particles or fibers such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride and the like as a reinforcing phase through methods such as powder metallurgy, stirring casting, pressure casting, spray deposition and the like. The material has the toughness and plasticity of metal, and the high strength and high elastic modulus of ceramic, and has excellent physical and mechanical properties such as high specific strength, good thermal stability, low linear expansion coefficient and the like, so that the material has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, advanced weapon systems, novel automobiles and the like. The metal matrix composite material is a difficult-to-machine material, and the existing machining method mainly comprises special machining modes such as traditional cutting grinding machining, electric spark machining and the like.
The electric spark machining is a machining mode that a certain pulse voltage is applied between a workpiece and an electrode, when the electrode feeds the workpiece to a certain distance, an insulating working solution medium between the two electrodes is broken down, spark discharge is locally generated, and the surface material of the electrode pair is melted and even vaporized by using the instantaneous high temperature generated by the spark discharge. But its processing is affected by the non-conductive reinforcing particle 'shielding' to reduce the removal rate, and the tool electrode is worn too fast and generates a heat affected layer on the metal matrix, which limits its application in the processing of particle reinforced metal matrix composites.
Electrolytic machining is one of the most widely applied techniques in special machining technology, and is particularly suitable for machining materials which are difficult to machine and parts with complex shapes or thin walls. The electrochemical machining is a manufacturing technology for realizing the forming machining of the parts by utilizing an electrochemical dissolution and corrosion mode, compared with the electric spark machining, the machining defects of a fused layer, a heat affected zone, thermal stress and the like caused by heat generated in the machining process can not occur, the machining quality is good, the tool electrode theoretically has no loss, but the electrochemical machining can only machine a conductive material, and the non-conductive reinforced particles of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite can hinder the electrochemical machining.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a processing method of a particle reinforced metal matrix composite, which combines the characteristics of electric spark processing and electrolytic processing, effectively improves the processing efficiency, improves the processing quality and has high processing stability.
The invention also aims to provide a processing device of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite, which can realize the combined processing of electric spark and electrolysis of workpieces, has accurate control, improves the processing quality and improves the processing stability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for processing a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material comprises the steps of immersing a workpiece in a low-concentration salt solution, applying a magnetic field around the workpiece, alternately carrying out electric spark processing and electrolytic processing on the workpiece in a processing period, removing a workpiece matrix and part of reinforced particles by using high temperature generated by the electric spark processing, and removing a recast layer generated by the electric spark processing by using the electrolytic processing.
The electric spark machining and the electrolytic machining are alternately carried out on the workpiece, the advantages of the electric spark machining and the electrolytic machining are combined, the machining efficiency is effectively improved, the machining quality is improved, the magnetic field is arranged around the workpiece, the electrochemical dissolution is promoted to remove a recast layer of the base material, meanwhile, a discharge channel of the discharge spark machining is driven to transfer from the base material to the reinforced particles, the removal of the reinforced particles is promoted, and the machining stability is improved.
Furthermore, the direction of the magnetic field is parallel to a discharge channel of electric spark machining, so that the machining precision and the quality of a machined surface are improved.
The invention also discloses a processing device of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite, which comprises:
a tool electrode: is connected with a main shaft of the machine tool to process the workpiece.
A direct-current pulse power supply: the device is used for applying low-voltage pulse between the workpiece and the tool electrode to perform electrolytic machining on the workpiece, the positive electrode is used for being connected with the workpiece, and the negative electrode is used for being connected with the tool electrode.
Controllable RC pulse power: the high-voltage pulse generator is used for applying high-voltage pulse between a workpiece and a tool electrode and carrying out electric spark machining on the workpiece, the positive electrode is used for being connected with the workpiece, and the negative electrode is used for being connected with the workpiece electrode.
A magnet group: for positioning around a workpiece to apply a magnetic field to the workpiece.
The holding device comprises: used for containing low-concentration salt solution and placing workpieces.
Furthermore, the containing device is an electrolyte tank, the electrolyte tank is used for containing low-concentration salt solution, an insulating base is fixed inside the electrolyte tank, and the insulating base is used for placing workpieces.
Furthermore, the peak voltage of the direct current pulse power supply is 2V-4V, so that the requirement of electrolytic machining is met, and the peak voltage of the controllable RC pulse power supply is 30V-100V, so that the requirement of electric spark machining is met.
Furthermore, the controllable RC pulse power supply comprises a direct current power supply, a first transistor, a capacitor, a second transistor and a digital signal processor, wherein an emitter of the first transistor is connected with a positive electrode of a direct current voltage, a collector of the first transistor is connected with a positive electrode of the capacitor and an emitter of the second transistor, a collector of the second transistor is used for being connected with a workpiece and used as a positive electrode of the controllable RC pulse power supply, a negative electrode of the direct current power supply is connected with a negative electrode of the capacitor and used as a negative electrode of the controllable RC pulse power supply, bases of the first transistor and the second transistor are connected with the digital signal processor, and the digital signal processor is used for controlling the connection and disconnection of the first transistor and the second transistor.
Further, a resistor is connected between the positive electrode of the direct current power supply and the emitter of the first transistor, and the resistor is used for controlling the charging speed of the capacitor.
The invention also discloses a working method of the processing device of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of placing low-concentration salt solution into a containing device, immersing a workpiece to be machined into the low-concentration salt solution, connecting the workpiece with positive electrodes of a direct-current pulse power supply and a controllable RC pulse power supply, connecting a tool electrode with negative electrodes of the direct-current pulse power supply and the controllable RC pulse power supply, placing a magnet group on the periphery of the workpiece, enabling the workpiece to be in a magnetic field, and installing the tool electrode on a machine tool spindle to finish preparation work of machining.
Step 2: the direct current pulse power supply and the controllable RC pulse power supply alternately apply low-voltage pulse and high-voltage pulse between the tool electrode and the workpiece, and the tool electrode is used for alternately carrying out electrolytic machining and electric spark machining on the workpiece.
And step 3: and after the workpiece is machined, the tool electrode is driven by the main shaft of the machine tool to return to the original position, and the machined workpiece is taken out.
Furthermore, when the tool electrode mills a workpiece, the magnet group is arranged to enable the magnetic field direction to be vertical to the axial direction of the tool electrode, and the magnetic field direction is parallel to the electric spark machining discharge channel, so that the pit area removed by single erosion is larger, the depth is shallower, and the machining precision and the surface quality are improved.
Furthermore, when the tool electrode drills a workpiece, the magnet group is arranged to enable the magnetic field direction to be parallel to the axial direction of the tool electrode, and the magnetic field direction is parallel to the electric spark machining discharge channel, so that the area of a pit etched once is larger, the depth of the pit is shallower, the aperture is reduced, and the machining precision and the machining surface quality of the hole are improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the processing method and the processing device of the invention realize the synchronous alternation of the electric spark processing and the electrolytic processing, solve the problems that the electrode loss is too fast when the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material is processed by the traditional electric spark processing, the electrode loss is influenced by the non-conductive reinforced particles, and a recast layer is generated on the metal matrix, combine the characteristics of the electrolytic processing and the electric spark processing, and can effectively improve the processing efficiency and the processing quality.
2. The processing method and the processing device introduce the magnetic field to assist the electric spark-electrolysis combined processing, are beneficial to improving the processing stability, and have higher processing efficiency and higher surface processing quality.
3. The processing device of the invention adopts the RC pulse power supply controlled by the transistor and the digital signal processor to output, realizes the accurate control of micro energy, obviously reduces the discharge energy and further ensures the surface quality of the workpiece.
4. The processing device has simple structure, and each element can be changed and replaced according to the actual situation under the condition of meeting the processing requirement, thereby being beneficial to simplifying equipment and enlarging the application range, so that the processing device can be applied to different occasions.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of waveforms generated by the high voltage pulse and the low voltage pulse according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of milling of a processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a drilling operation of the machining apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
the machine tool comprises a tool electrode 1, a machine tool spindle 2, an electrolyte tank 3, a low-concentration salt solution 4, an insulating base 5, a workpiece 6, a direct-current pulse power supply 7, a controllable RC pulse power supply 8, a direct-current power supply 8-1, a resistor 8-2, a capacitor 8-3, a first MOSFET transistor 8-4, a second MOSFET transistor 8-5, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP)8-6 and a magnet set 9.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
For convenience of description, the words "up" and "down" in the present application, if any, are used merely to indicate correspondence with the directions of the upper and lower portions of the drawings, and are not intended to limit the structure, but merely to facilitate the description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or components so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
As described in the background art, the present application provides a method for processing a particulate reinforced metal matrix composite, which has the defects of low removal rate and excessive electrode wear when processing the particulate reinforced metal matrix composite, and the non-conductive reinforced particles of the particulate reinforced metal matrix composite can hinder the electrolytic processing of a workpiece.
In a typical embodiment of the present application, a method for processing a particle-reinforced metal matrix composite material includes immersing a workpiece to be processed in a low-concentration salt solution, placing a magnet group on the outer periphery of the workpiece to place the workpiece in a magnetic field, and alternately applying high-voltage pulses and low-voltage pulses to the workpiece and a tool electrode for processing the workpiece in one processing cycle to alternately perform electric discharge processing and electrolytic processing on the workpiece.
When high-voltage pulse is applied to the workpiece and the tool electrode, when the local electric field intensity between the tool electrode and the workpiece reaches the breakdown strength, spark discharge is generated, and the metal matrix and part of reinforcing particles of the workpiece are removed by using high temperature generated by the spark.
When low-voltage pulse is applied to the workpiece and the tool electrode, the tool electrode in low-concentration salt solution and the metal base of the tool generate weak electrolysis, and a recast layer generated by electric spark machining is removed.
An auxiliary magnetic field is arranged in the whole machining process, so that the recasting layer of the base material can be promoted to be removed by electrochemical dissolution, and meanwhile, the discharge channel is driven to be transferred from the base material to the ceramic reinforced particles in the electric spark machining process, so that the removal of the reinforced particles is promoted.
The direction of the applied magnetic field is parallel to the axis of the discharge channel in the electric spark machining, so that the shape of the discharge channel can be changed under the action of Lorentz force, the area of a pit etched once is larger, the depth of the pit is shallower, and the machining precision and the surface quality are favorably improved.
The embodiment also discloses a processing device of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the tool electrode, the containing device, the direct current pulse power supply, the controllable RC pulse power supply and the magnet set.
The tool electrode 1: the tool electrode is connected with a machine tool spindle 2 of a machine tool and driven by the machine tool spindle to move, preferably, the tool electrode is made of tungsten materials, and the tool electrode can be used for drilling or milling a workpiece.
The containing device: the tool electrode is positioned below the tool electrode, the containing device is an electrolyte tank 3, the electrolyte tank is used for containing low-concentration salt solution 4, an insulating base 5 is fixed on the bottom surface inside the electrolyte tank, and the insulating base is used for placing a workpiece 6 to be processed.
Direct current pulse power supply 7: the positive pole of the direct current pulse power supply is used for being connected with a workpiece, the negative pole of the direct current pulse power supply is used for being connected with a tool electrode, the direct current pulse power supply is used for applying low-voltage pulses between the tool electrode and the workpiece to carry out electrolytic machining on the workpiece, the peak voltage of the direct current pulse power supply is 2V-4V, and preferably, the peak voltage of the direct current pulse power supply is 3V, so that the voltage requirement of electrolytic machining is met.
Controllable RC pulse power supply 8: the controllable RC pulse power supply is used for applying high-voltage pulse between the tool electrode and the workpiece to perform electric spark machining on the workpiece, the peak voltage of the controllable RC pulse power supply is 30-100V, and the voltage requirement of the electric spark machining is met.
The controllable RC pulse power supply comprises a direct current power supply 8-1, a resistor 8-2, a capacitor 8-3, a first MOSFET transistor 8-4, a second MOSFET transistor 8-5 and a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) 8-6.
Preferably, the voltage of the direct current power supply is 50V, the positive electrode of the direct current power supply is connected with a resistor and then is connected with the emitter of the first MOSFET transistor, the collector of the first MOSFET transistor is connected with the positive electrode of the capacitor and the emitter of the second MOSFET transistor, a circuit connected with the collector of the second MOSFET transistor is led out from a pin and is used as the positive electrode of the controllable RC pulse power supply, the negative pole of the direct current power supply is connected with the negative pole of the capacitor, the direct current power supply and the circuit of the negative pole of the capacitor are led out to be used as the negative pole of the controllable RC pulse power supply, the bases of the first MOSFET transistor and the second MOSFET transistor are connected with a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) can control the first MOSFET transistor and the second MOSFET transistor to be switched on or off according to a preset control strategy, therefore, the on and off of the power supply of the controllable RC pulse power supply are realized, and the connected resistor is used for controlling the charging speed of the capacitor.
The controllable RC pulse power supply can realize accurate control of micro energy, obviously reduce discharge energy and further ensure the surface quality of workpieces.
The magnet group 9 is an electromagnet or a permanent magnet, and can apply a magnetic field with the magnetic induction intensity of 0.05T-0.3T to a workpiece processing area.
The processing device of the embodiment has a simple structure, and each element can be changed and replaced according to the actual situation under the condition of meeting the processing requirements, so that the processing device is beneficial to simplifying equipment and expanding the application range, and can be applied to different occasions.
The embodiment also discloses a working method of the processing device for the particle reinforced metal matrix composite, which is used for milling a workpiece and comprises the following steps:
step 1: injecting a low-concentration salt solution into the electrolyte tank, preferably, the low-concentration salt solution is 0.1% -1% of sodium nitrate solution, immersing a workpiece to be processed into the low-concentration salt solution and placing the workpiece on the insulating base, connecting the workpiece with the positive electrodes of the direct-current pulse power supply and the controllable RC pulse power supply, connecting the tool electrode with the negative electrodes of the direct-current pulse power supply and the controllable RC pulse power supply, placing a magnet group on the periphery of the workpiece through a support, enabling the workpiece to be in a magnetic field, and installing the tool electrode on a main shaft of a machine tool to finish preparation work for processing.
When milling a workpiece, as shown in fig. 3, the N pole and S pole of the magnet set are horizontally arranged on both sides of the tool electrode, and the direction of the formed magnetic field is perpendicular to the axial direction of the tool electrode and parallel to the axis of the discharge channel.
Step 2: starting a machine tool spindle, a direct current pulse power supply and a controllable RC pulse power supply, wherein the direct current pulse power supply can apply low-voltage pulses between a tool electrode and a workpiece, the controllable RC pulse power supply can apply high-voltage pulses between the tool electrode and the workpiece, and the high-voltage pulses and the low-voltage pulses are staggered and alternately applied through a control scheme preset in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP).
The machine tool spindle drives the tool electrode to gradually move downwards, so that the tool electrode enters low-concentration salt solution and moves to a machining position required by a workpiece, the machine tool spindle drives the tool electrode to rotate and feed downwards to a preset position to move along a preset track to ensure a machining gap, under the action of staggered pulses of a direct-current pulse power supply and a controllable pulse power supply, the tool electrode and the workpiece alternately generate electric spark discharge and electrolytic reaction, a metal matrix and part of reinforcing particles of the workpiece are removed by high temperature generated by electric sparks, and a generated recast layer is removed by the electrolytic reaction of the tool electrode and the workpiece.
The principle of the alternate generation of high voltage pulses and low voltage pulses is shown in fig. 2: controlling a second MOSFET transistor by a Digital Signal Processor (DSP)When the first MOSFET transistor is turned off, the controllable RC pulse power supply is connected with the tool electrode and the workpiece, the connection circuit is open, and the capacitor is charged, i.e. t in FIG. 20To t1And when the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) controls the second MOSFET transistor to be connected, the first MOSFET transistor is disconnected, and the capacitor enters a discharge state, namely t in figure 21To t2And the controllable RC pulse power supply is a working power supply, high-voltage pulse is applied to the tool electrode and the workpiece, the tool electrode generates micro-energy spark discharge on low-concentration salt solution on the surface of the workpiece, enhanced particles and a part of metal matrix of the workpiece are removed by using high temperature generated by the electric spark, the process is circulated, the output waveform of the controllable RC pulse power supply can be controlled by controlling the on-off of the two transistors through a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), and the electrolytic machining and the electric spark machining are alternately carried out.
In the machining process, the direction of the magnetic field is vertical to the axial direction of the tool electrode, the direction of the magnetic field is horizontal, an electric spark discharge channel between the bottom surface of the tool electrode and a workpiece is parallel to the direction of the magnetic field, and under the action of Lorentz force, the form of the discharge channel is changed, so that the area of a pit which is etched once is larger, the depth of the pit is shallower, and the machining precision and the surface quality of the workpiece are favorably improved.
And step 3: and after the workpiece is machined, the tool electrode returns to the original position under the driving of the machine tool spindle, and the machined workpiece is taken down.
In another working method of the machining device, a workpiece is drilled, the magnet group is a ring magnet, the ring magnet is arranged as shown in fig. 4, the N pole and the S pole of the ring magnet are arranged up and down, the direction of the magnetic field is parallel to the axial direction of the tool electrode and is vertical, an electric spark discharge channel between the end face of the tool electrode and the workpiece is parallel to the magnetic field in the machining process, and the form of the discharge channel is changed under the action of lorentz force, so that the pit etched once is larger in area and shallower in depth, the hole diameter is favorably reduced, and the machining precision and the machining surface quality of the hole are improved.
The other steps are performed in the same manner as the milling process, and will not be described in detail.
The working method of the embodiment combines the characteristics of electrolytic machining and electric spark machining, solves the problems existing in the traditional electric spark machining of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite, effectively improves the machining efficiency and the machining quality, is favorable for improving the machining stability by introducing the auxiliary magnetic field, and has higher machining efficiency and higher surface machining quality.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A processing method of a particle reinforced metal matrix composite is characterized in that a workpiece is immersed in a low-concentration salt solution, a magnetic field is applied around the workpiece, electric spark machining and electrolytic machining are alternately carried out on the workpiece in one machining period, a workpiece matrix and partial ceramic reinforced particles are removed by using high temperature generated by the electric spark machining, and a recast layer generated by the electric spark machining is removed by using the electrolytic machining; the magnetic field direction is parallel to a discharge channel of the electric spark machining.
2. A device for processing a particulate reinforced metal matrix composite material, comprising:
a tool electrode: the device is connected with a main shaft of the machine tool and is used for processing a workpiece;
a direct-current pulse power supply: the device is used for applying low-voltage pulse between the workpiece and the tool electrode to perform electrolytic machining on the workpiece, wherein the positive electrode is used for being connected with the workpiece, and the negative electrode is used for being connected with the tool electrode;
controllable RC pulse power: the device is used for applying high-voltage pulse between the workpiece and the tool electrode and carrying out electric spark machining on the workpiece, wherein the positive electrode is used for being connected with the workpiece, and the negative electrode is used for being connected with the workpiece electrode;
a magnet group: the magnetic field is used for being arranged around the workpiece and applying a magnetic field to the workpiece;
the holding device comprises: the device is used for containing low-concentration salt solution and placing a workpiece; the peak voltage of the direct current pulse power supply is 2V-4V, the requirement of electrolytic machining is met, and the peak voltage of the controllable RC pulse power supply is 30V-100V, so that the requirement of electric spark machining is met.
3. The apparatus for processing particle reinforced metal matrix composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the container is an electrolyte tank for containing low concentration salt solution, and an insulating base is fixed inside the electrolyte tank for placing the workpiece.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controllable RC pulse power source comprises a dc power source, a first transistor, a capacitor, a second transistor, and a digital signal processor, wherein an emitter of the first transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the dc voltage, a collector of the first transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor and an emitter of the second transistor, a collector of the second transistor is connected to the workpiece and serves as the positive terminal of the controllable RC pulse power source, a cathode of the dc power source is connected to the negative terminal of the capacitor and serves as the negative terminal of the controllable RC pulse power source, bases of the first transistor and the second transistor are connected to the digital signal processor, and the digital signal processor is used for controlling the connection and disconnection of the first transistor and the second transistor.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein a resistor is coupled between the positive terminal of the DC power source and the emitter of the first transistor.
6. A method of operating a processing plant for particulate reinforced metal matrix composites as claimed in any of claims 2 to 5, comprising the steps of:
step 1: placing a low-concentration salt solution into a containing device, immersing a workpiece to be processed into the low-concentration salt solution, connecting the workpiece with the positive electrodes of a direct-current pulse power supply and a controllable RC pulse power supply, connecting a tool electrode with the negative electrodes of the direct-current pulse power supply and the controllable RC pulse power supply, placing a magnet group on the periphery of the workpiece to enable the workpiece to be in a magnetic field, and installing the tool electrode on a main shaft of a machine tool to finish the preparation work of processing;
step 2: the direct current pulse power supply and the controllable RC pulse power supply alternately apply low-voltage pulse and high-voltage pulse between the tool electrode and the workpiece, and the tool electrode is used for alternately carrying out electrolytic machining and electric spark machining on the workpiece;
and step 3: and after the workpiece is machined, the tool electrode is driven by the main shaft of the machine tool to return to the original position, and the machined workpiece is taken out.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the magnet assembly is arranged such that the magnetic field is oriented perpendicular to the axial direction of the tool electrode when the tool electrode is milling the workpiece.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the magnet assembly is arranged such that the magnetic field is oriented axially parallel to the tool electrode when the tool electrode drills the workpiece.
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| CN100371119C (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2008-02-27 | 清华大学 | Electrochemical machining process for array micro type hole |
| CN100544874C (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2009-09-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electrochemical corrosion processing method with micro fine cylindrical group electrode |
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