CN117590734A - In-situ metering calibration device for ship-based time system - Google Patents
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
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- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of time frequency measurement and calibration, and discloses an in-situ measurement and calibration device for a ship-based time system. The device has complete functions, stable performance and convenient operation and carrying, can realize the taming locking of the 1pps signal of the Beidou receiver on the rubidium clock signal, completes the automatic metering measurement of parameters such as relative frequency deviation, frequency stability, starting-up characteristic, reproducibility, daily frequency drift and the like, and is used as metering guarantee equipment of a naval carrier or naval target time system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carrier-based time systems, in particular to an in-situ metering and calibrating device for a carrier-based time system.
Background
The carrier-based time system is used as a component of a full army time-frequency system, provides a unified time standard for each combat unit in the ship platform, and needs to be regularly metered and calibrated due to the inherent aging drift characteristic of the frequency standard of the core device. In the ship-based time system, the premise of accurate and effective time is that the frequency is accurate and reliable, and the frequency source is an important index of the time system. The core component of the ship-based time system is a frequency source, and the frequency source has long-term aging drift due to the determination of a physical mechanism, and under the condition of continuous operation, the output index of the frequency source is out of tolerance, so that the frequency source is required to be subjected to regular calibration and metering, and the frequency deviation caused by the drift is corrected.
The traditional calibration method of the current frequency source is that the calibrated source and the reference source are directly compared in the same laboratory, the method can obtain smaller uncertainty of measurement results, and all metering characteristics of the frequency source can not be calibrated. However, for ship-borne and vehicle-mounted time system equipment, long-term uninterrupted operation is required, inspection after disassembly cannot be realized, the inspection period is long, and more testing equipment is required. Methods and means for in-situ calibration are urgent for frequency sources in time system systems. In addition, among the factors affecting the performance of the use of the shipboard time system: the important links such as time synchronization, signal processing, time service output and the like have no measurement standard, and lack detection solutions which cannot meet the requirements on time synchronization caused by out-of-tolerance indexes of non-fault types.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical purpose is that: aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides an in-situ metering calibration device for a ship-based time system, which adopts a full-digital measurement principle for comparison measurement by taking a Beidou taming high-precision low-aging atomic clock as a reference frequency standard, is internally provided with a standard source, has a B code test function, a time difference test function, a second pulse width test function, a frequency stability test function and the like, and can ensure a precise and reliable time-frequency system of the ship-based or vehicle-mounted time system.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an in-situ metering calibration device for a ship-based time system, comprising:
the program control switch module is provided with a plurality of channels and is used for receiving a plurality of paths of externally input tested signals;
the Beidou and crystal oscillator taming module receives Beidou second pulse signals remotely transmitted by a Beidou system by adopting a Beidou ultra-stable low-phase noise crystal oscillator taming rubidium atomic clock mode to generate rubidium clock signals;
the frequency standard comparison measurement module is used for comparing the multipath measured signals with rubidium clock signals generated by the Beidou and crystal oscillator tamer module by adopting a full digital algorithm to obtain comparison measurement results;
the B code same-frequency precision testing module is used for receiving the B code and testing the decoding, the synchronous precision and the pulse delay time;
the pulse width and time delay testing module is used for receiving the Beidou second pulse signal and measuring the time interval;
and the platform processor is used for receiving the comparison result of the frequency standard comparison measurement module, and the reference information sent by the B code same-frequency precision test module, the pulse width and the time delay test module.
Preferably, the Beidou and crystal oscillator taming module comprises a Beidou receiver, a Kalman filter, a phase discriminator, a digital loop filter, an A/D sampler, a central processing module, a high-precision anti-seismic rubidium clock, a crystal oscillator, a phase-locked loop module, a frequency synthesizer, an isolation distribution amplifier, a frequency divider and a time isolation module;
the Beidou receiver is used for receiving Beidou second pulse signals remotely transmitted by the Beidou system, and the output end of the Beidou receiver is connected with the Kalman filter;
the high-precision anti-vibration rubidium clock is used for generating a rubidium clock oscillation signal, the crystal oscillator is used for generating a clock signal, the phase-locked loop module is used for receiving the rubidium clock oscillation signal and the clock signal, the phase-locked loop module, the frequency synthesizer, the isolation distribution amplifier and the frequency divider are sequentially connected, the frequency divider is used for outputting two paths of rubidium clock frequency division second pulse signals, one path of rubidium clock frequency division second pulse signal is input into the central processing module after passing through the isolation distribution amplifier, and the other path of rubidium clock frequency division second pulse signal is input into the phase discriminator;
the phase discriminator is used for receiving the filtered Beidou second pulse signal and one path of rubidium clock frequency division second pulse signal simultaneously and carrying out phase discrimination processing, and the output end of the phase discriminator is sequentially connected with the digital loop filter and the A/D sampler and is used for carrying out frequency adjustment and phase error control on the output signal to obtain a measurement signal and inputting the measurement signal into the central processing module;
the central processing module is used for calculating an offset correction value according to the measurement signal and the rubidium clock frequency division second pulse signal and inputting the offset correction value into the frequency synthesizer;
the isolation distribution amplifier is provided with a plurality of rubidium clock signal output ends.
Preferably, the frequency standard comparison measurement module comprises a multi-channel double-mixing time difference measurement module, a signal generation module, a reference signal channel and a phase difference measurement module, wherein the signal generation module is used for generating a first signal input into each channel of test channel, a second signal input into the reference signal channel and a third signal input into the phase difference measurement module;
the reference signal channel and each path of test channel comprise an isolation module, a mixer, a mixing filtering module, a band-pass filtering module, a beat frequency amplifying module and a zero crossing detection module which are sequentially connected, and the reference signal channel and each path of test channel are used for inputting received signals into the phase difference measuring module after being sequentially subjected to isolation, mixing, filtering, amplifying and zero crossing detection.
Preferably, the signal generating module comprises a control circuit, a frequency selecting module, a crystal oscillator module, a frequency doubling module and an isolation amplifying module, wherein the crystal oscillator module is provided with an output end connected with the frequency selecting module, and a generated clock signal is processed by the frequency selecting module to obtain a first signal or a second signal which is respectively input into a reference signal channel or a test channel through the isolation amplifying module; the crystal oscillator module is also provided with an output end connected with the frequency doubling module, and the generated clock signal is processed by the frequency doubling module to obtain a third signal.
Preferably, the platform processor is provided with a display, a keyboard and a mouse, and is connected with the local area network.
The beneficial effects are that: due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the device can conveniently and effectively test and calibrate the frequency source of the time system under the condition of not disassembling the ship-based time system, and measure and test a plurality of important outputs of the system so as to solve the problem of inconvenient test and calibration of the frequency source, and timely discover out that each output of the system is out of tolerance in non-fault indexes, thereby ensuring the reliable and stable operation of the time system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device for in-situ metering calibration of a ship-based time system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the Beidou and crystal oscillator tamer module;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a double mixing time difference measurement;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a double mixing time difference measurement circuit.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides an in-situ metering and calibrating device of a ship-based time system, which consists of a Beidou ultra-stable low-phase noise crystal oscillator tame rubidium atomic clock phase-locking reference module (a Beidou and crystal oscillator tame module), a frequency standard comparison measuring module, a B code synchronous precision testing module, a 1pps pulse width/time delay testing module, a high-isolation radio frequency switch module, upper computer automatic testing system software, a power module and the like, and supports the input of an external reference source, wherein the whole system block diagram is shown in figure 1.
The phase-locked loop locks the short-term frequency stability of the ultra-stable low-phase noise crystal oscillator to the output of the rubidium clock module, the frequency standard comparison module meets the comparison paper standard requirement, the A/D converter can complete real-time sampling conversion, and the filter meets the purity of the signal requirement. The frequency standard comparison measurement module adopts a full digital algorithm, the external measured signal is compared with the internal high-precision rubidium clock through the radio frequency switch of the 4 channels, and the measurement result can display a printing certificate through a display screen or program control software, so that the measurement is convenient and the operation is simple.
1. Beidou and crystal oscillator tame module
As shown in fig. 2, the beidou and crystal oscillator tame module includes: the system comprises a Beidou receiver, a Kalman filter, a phase discriminator, a digital loop filter, an A/D (analog to digital) sampler, a central processing unit, a high-precision anti-vibration rubidium clock, a crystal oscillator, a phase-locked loop module, a frequency synthesizer, an isolation distribution amplifier, a frequency divider and a time isolation module, wherein the central processing module is used for calculating an offset correction value according to a measurement signal and a rubidium clock frequency division second pulse signal and inputting the offset correction value into the frequency synthesizer; the isolation distribution amplifier is used for outputting a plurality of rubidium clock signals.
The principle of the device is that the device utilizes 1pps generated by a BDS receiver to perform frequency calibration on a local frequency standard. 1pps generated by the BDS receiver has a certain jitter, but the BDS receiver has better long-term stability; the standard short-term stability of the local rubidium clock is good, but frequency drift exists, so that the advantages of the standard short-term stability and the standard short-term stability of the local rubidium clock are combined by correcting the local frequency reference by 1pps, and the standard short-term stability of the local rubidium clock has the advantage of good long-term stability of a BDS receiver and the characteristic of good short-term stability of the local rubidium clock.
The BDS receiver has the characteristics of long signal transmission distance, easy interference and the like, and the output 1pps signal has a certain jitter. 1pps contains a number of error components: satellite clock errors, ephemeris errors, ionosphere additive delay errors, troposphere additive delay errors, multipath errors, and errors of the receiver itself. Due to the jitter of the 1pps signal, measures need to be taken to cope with the jitter of 1 pps. The jitter of the BDS receiver output 1pps signal mostly belongs to random errors. Due to the existence of the random errors, the front edge of the BDS pulse signal has jitter, which can reach 100ns at maximum, so that the phase discrimination errors also have random jump. The module adopts a Kalman filtering algorithm to filter interference and noise in phase discrimination errors, and extracts needed information.
The BDS tames the rubidium clock as follows:
a) Frequency calibration: at this stage, the 1pps signal obtained by frequency division of the rubidium clock starts to track 1pps of the BDS, at this time, due to a certain phase difference, the regulation control voltage of the rubidium clock is not established yet, and the frequency of the rubidium clock has a certain deviation, at this stage, the frequency calibration is mainly performed, and the phase difference is gradually eliminated.
b) Frequency locking: after the frequency difference is obtained, an adjustment value is generated according to the frequency control characteristic of the rubidium frequency standard, and the adjustment value is used for adjusting the local frequency source. According to the characteristics of the local frequency source, the regulation modes are various, and when the local rubidium clock is voltage-controlled or can be regulated in a small range by using voltage, the output regulation quantity is voltage; the control voltage is usually realized by adopting a D/A conversion module, and the requirement can be met by adopting a serial D/A chip because the requirement on the D/A conversion rate is not high. To reduce the cost, it is proposed to obtain the control voltage by controlling the RC charging time. When the local frequency source is DDS output, the frequency control word is regulated according to the regulating value.
After the frequency calibration phase is completed, the frequency of the rubidium clock is basically calibrated, the phase difference between the rubidium clock and the 1pps signal of the BDS is maintained in a smaller range, and the frequency locking phase is entered at the moment; at this stage, the control voltage deviation and the rubidium clock frequency drift caused by circuit instability are mainly overcome. At this stage, since the frequency of the rubidium clock is calibrated, the output frequency-divided 1pps signal has high stability, and the 1pps signal of the BDS has a certain jitter, so the influence caused by the 1pps jitter of the BDS needs to be reduced.
In the frequency locking stage, the frequency adjustment is performed within a small range, so as to avoid abrupt phase change, the frequency adjustment should be performed slowly, at this time, the control of the 1pps signal of the BDS should be weakened, and the proportional and integral parameters in PI feedback control can be realized by adjusting the corresponding control parameters. After the frequency calibration stage is completed, the control voltage value of the rubidium clock is kept stable, and the control voltage can be changed if the proportional-integral coefficient is changed; to prevent abrupt changes in the control voltage values, the change in the coefficients should be made stepwise. There is thus a parameter adjustment phase between the frequency calibration and the frequency locking phase.
After the Beidou domestication of the rubidium atomic frequency standard, the short-term stability of the rubidium clock and the relative frequency deviation of the Beidou system are maintained, and the domestication relative frequency deviation is better than 1 multiplied by 10 -12 (5X 10 in stable condition) -13 )。
2. Frequency standard comparison measurement module
The most basic principle of frequency measurement is to compare a measured signal with a known standard signal, i.e. a reference signal, so as to obtain the frequency of the measured signal. As the frequency accuracy of various frequency standards is higher and higher, the resolution of the measurement system is also higher and higher.
As shown in FIG. 3, the present invention adopts a double mixing time difference method, by introducing a medium frequency scale (or called a common frequency scale) as a common source, the measured frequency scale and the reference frequency scale are respectively mixed with the medium frequency scale and converted into two beat signals, and the two beat signals are fed to a time interval counter to measure the time phase difference of the two signals after passing through a low pass filter and a zero detector.
As shown in fig. 4, the invention designs a multi-channel double-mixing time difference measurement module, which comprises four paths of test channels, a signal generation module, a reference signal channel and a phase difference measurement module, wherein the signal generation module is used for generating a first signal input into each path of test channels, a second signal input into the reference signal channel and a third signal input into the phase difference measurement module;
the reference signal channel and each path of test channel comprise an isolation module, a mixer, a mixing filtering module, a band-pass filtering module, a beat frequency amplifying module and a zero crossing detection module which are sequentially connected, and the reference signal channel and each path of test channel are used for inputting received signals into the phase difference measuring module after being sequentially subjected to isolation, mixing, filtering, amplifying and zero crossing detection.
The signal generation module comprises a control circuit, a frequency selection module, a crystal oscillator module, a frequency multiplication module and an isolation amplification module, wherein the crystal oscillator module is provided with an output end connected with the frequency selection module, and a generated clock signal is processed by the frequency selection module to obtain a first signal or a second signal which is respectively input into a reference signal channel or a test channel through the isolation amplification module; the crystal oscillator module is also provided with an output end connected with the frequency doubling module, and the generated clock signal is processed by the frequency doubling module to obtain a third signal.
The frequency standard comparison measurement module provided by the invention realizes measurement of 4 paths of 5MHz and 10MHz frequency standards, can meet the requirements of carrier-based time system testing, and can realize verification and calibration of common frequency standards. By selecting a high-stability crystal oscillator as a common source oscillator of the multichannel double-mixing time difference measuring system, according to whether the frequency of a measured signal is 10MHz or 5MHz, the common source frequency is 9.999990MHz or 4.999995MHz respectively, and the generated beat signal frequency is 10Hz or 5Hz, so that the frequency difference amplification factor is ensured to be 10 no matter the measured frequency is 10MHz or 5MHz 6 。
The beat signal frequency is 10Hz or 5Hz, and the sampling time is an integer multiple of 100ms for a 10MHz measurement signal; the sampling time is an integer multiple of 200ms for a 5MHz signal.
The basis for measuring bandwidth selection is: the bandwidth is more than or equal to 5/tau, tau is the required sampling time, if the minimum sampling time is 1s, the bandwidth is more than or equal to 5Hz, and in the invention, the measurement bandwidth is set to be 10Hz, so that the validity of the measurement result is ensured when the sampling time is more than or equal to 1 s. For 4 measuring channels, the phase difference of the reference signal and the measured signal at the zero crossing point moment is recorded respectively, and the number of the reference zero crossing points is different from that of the measured zero crossing points due to the frequency deviation, so that the cycle ambiguity phenomenon can be solved through a control circuit, and the long-time accurate comparison measurement of the frequency standard is ensured.
The frequency conversion circuit of the frequency standard comparison measurement module can convert a frequency signal of a standard frequency standard of 5MHz or 10MHz into a reference frequency signal of 1MHz, thereby ensuring the stability of the whole system. The digital comparison technology is adopted, the mixing phase demodulation function is realized by using an IQ demodulation mode, the working frequency range is wide, and the temperature influence is avoided. The consistency is high. The band-pass filter is realized by adopting a narrow-band filter and through a DSP, the bandwidth of the loop filter can be automatically switched due to the high flexibility of the filter realized by the DSP, the reference signal is phase-shifted by 90 degrees through Hilbert transformation to form a I, Q signal, and the measured output signal is subjected to quadrature demodulation, so that the frequency difference and the phase difference of the reference signal and the measured signal can be obtained and used as the output of the phase discriminator module, and the stability is calculated. The frequency doubling circuit multiplies the frequency of the measured frequency standard signal and the frequency of the reference (standard) frequency standard by N and N-1 times respectively by utilizing the characteristic of high-order frequency doubling, and mixes the signals through a mixer. The frequency multiplier circuit is required to have high stability and low noise.
After the device is developed, the cesium atomic frequency standard device is used for testing and checking, and the relative frequency deviation of the checking result reaches 5E-13 (GNSS locking) and 3E-12 (within 24 hours of disconnecting the GNSS antenna); the frequency stability is 3E-12/1s;2E-12/10s;1E-12/100s;1E-12/1d; the uncertainty of the frequency standard comparison module is 1.8E-13/1s;2.2E-14/10s;3.2E-15/100s.3E-12/1s;2E-12/10s;1E-12/100s. Secondly, taking 5585B cesium as a standard and taking TR2001 rubidium clock as a measured, and the test result shows that each technical index can meet the index requirement of the rubidium clock. The device of the invention sequentially goes to units such as naval warships, stations of a base, metering stations of the armies and the like for field test and trial, and practice proves that the device has good applicability, strong measurement and control capability, stable and reliable work, convenient operation, time saving and improvement of the metering and guaranteeing capability and level of a timing system and a frequency standard.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above embodiments are not intended to limit the invention in any way, and that all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a carrier-borne time system normal position measurement calibrating device which characterized in that includes:
the program control switch module is provided with a plurality of channels and is used for receiving a plurality of paths of externally input tested signals;
the Beidou and crystal oscillator taming module receives Beidou second pulse signals remotely transmitted by a Beidou system by adopting a Beidou ultra-stable low-phase noise crystal oscillator taming rubidium atomic clock mode to generate rubidium clock signals;
the frequency standard comparison measurement module is used for comparing the multipath measured signals with rubidium clock signals generated by the Beidou and crystal oscillator tamer module by adopting a full digital algorithm to obtain comparison measurement results;
the B code same-frequency precision testing module is used for receiving the B code and testing the decoding, the synchronous precision and the pulse delay time;
the pulse width and time delay testing module is used for receiving the Beidou second pulse signal and measuring the time interval;
and the platform processor is used for receiving the comparison result of the frequency standard comparison measurement module, and the reference information sent by the B code same-frequency precision test module, the pulse width and the time delay test module.
2. The ship-based time system in-situ metering calibration device according to claim 1, wherein: the Beidou and crystal oscillator taming module comprises a Beidou receiver, a Kalman filter, a phase discriminator, a digital loop filter, an A/D (analog/digital) sampler, a central processing module, a high-precision anti-seismic rubidium clock, a crystal oscillator, a phase-locked loop module, a frequency synthesizer, an isolation distribution amplifier, a frequency divider and a time isolation module;
the Beidou receiver is used for receiving Beidou second pulse signals remotely transmitted by the Beidou system, and the output end of the Beidou receiver is connected with the Kalman filter;
the high-precision anti-vibration rubidium clock is used for generating a rubidium clock oscillation signal, the crystal oscillator is used for generating a clock signal, the phase-locked loop module is used for receiving the rubidium clock oscillation signal and the clock signal, the phase-locked loop module, the frequency synthesizer, the isolation distribution amplifier and the frequency divider are sequentially connected, the frequency divider is used for outputting two paths of rubidium clock frequency division second pulse signals, one path of rubidium clock frequency division second pulse signal is input into the central processing module after passing through the isolation distribution amplifier, and the other path of rubidium clock frequency division second pulse signal is input into the phase discriminator;
the phase discriminator is used for receiving the filtered Beidou second pulse signal and one path of rubidium clock frequency division second pulse signal simultaneously and carrying out phase discrimination processing, and the output end of the phase discriminator is sequentially connected with the digital loop filter and the A/D sampler and is used for carrying out frequency adjustment and phase error control on the output signal to obtain a measurement signal and inputting the measurement signal into the central processing module;
the central processing module is used for calculating an offset correction value according to the measurement signal and the rubidium clock frequency division second pulse signal and inputting the offset correction value into the frequency synthesizer;
the isolation distribution amplifier is provided with a plurality of rubidium clock signal output ends.
3. The ship-based time system in-situ metering calibration device according to claim 1, wherein: the frequency standard comparison measurement module comprises a multi-channel double-mixing time difference measurement module, a signal generation module, a reference signal channel and a phase difference measurement module, wherein the signal generation module is used for generating a first signal input into each channel of test channel, a second signal input into the reference signal channel and a third signal input into the phase difference measurement module;
the reference signal channel and each path of test channel comprise an isolation module, a mixer, a mixing filtering module, a band-pass filtering module, a beat frequency amplifying module and a zero crossing detection module which are sequentially connected, and the reference signal channel and each path of test channel are used for inputting received signals into the phase difference measuring module after being sequentially subjected to isolation, mixing, filtering, amplifying and zero crossing detection.
4. A ship-borne time system in-situ metering calibration device according to claim 3, wherein: the signal generation module comprises a control circuit, a frequency selection module, a crystal oscillator module, a frequency multiplication module and an isolation amplification module, wherein the crystal oscillator module is provided with an output end connected with the frequency selection module, and a generated clock signal is processed by the frequency selection module to obtain a first signal or a second signal which is respectively input into a reference signal channel or a test channel through the isolation amplification module; the crystal oscillator module is also provided with an output end connected with the frequency doubling module, and the generated clock signal is processed by the frequency doubling module to obtain a third signal.
5. The ship-based time system in-situ metering calibration device according to claim 1, wherein: the platform processor is provided with a display, a keyboard and a mouse, and is connected with the local area network.
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