CN117561839A - Saline-alkali soil peanut planting device and planting method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil peanut planting device and planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117561839A CN117561839A CN202311527069.5A CN202311527069A CN117561839A CN 117561839 A CN117561839 A CN 117561839A CN 202311527069 A CN202311527069 A CN 202311527069A CN 117561839 A CN117561839 A CN 117561839A
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- alkali soil
- planting
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- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title claims abstract 33
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 105
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 57
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000261422 Lysimachia clethroides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/04—Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B35/00—Other machines for working soil not specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
- A01B35/02—Other machines for working soil not specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing with non-rotating tools
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B35/00—Other machines for working soil not specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
- A01B35/20—Tools; Details
- A01B35/22—Non-rotating tools; Resilient or flexible mounting of rigid tools
- A01B35/26—Rigid tools
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/002—Fertiliser distributors with oscillating distributing spouts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/002—Dibble seeders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/09—Watering arrangements making use of movable installations on wheels or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a saline-alkali soil peanut planting device and a planting method, which belong to the technical field of peanut planting and comprise a moving vehicle, a pit digging mechanism, a sowing mechanism, a pit burying mechanism and a watering component, wherein the pit digging mechanism is provided with a pit digging part which moves in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction and digs a pit towards the inside of the soil, the sowing mechanism is provided with a sowing part which moves in a plurality of directions and is used for sowing peanut seeds into the pit, the pit burying mechanism is provided with a burying part which moves in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction by virtue of the pit digging mechanism and is used for burying the peanut seeds in the pit, and the watering component is used for watering the inside and the periphery of the buried pit. The method for planting peanuts in the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: selecting salt-resistant peanut seeds, coating, carrying out high-water-pressure salt treatment on saline-alkali soil, fertilizing, ridging, planting, irrigating and laminating. The saline-alkali soil peanut planting device and the planting method provided by the invention can improve the peanut planting quality, efficiency and emergence rate, and further improve the peanut yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peanut planting, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil peanut planting device and a planting method.
Background
The saline-alkali soil area of China accounts for 2.1 percent of the national soil area, accounts for 6.2 percent of the cultivated land area, and about 80 percent of the saline-alkali soil is not utilized at present, so that the grain production and the agricultural sustainable development are severely restricted by the soil salinization. Peanut is an important oil crop and an economic crop, peanut oil is one of main sources of vegetable oil, and peanut plays an important role in both Chinese agricultural development and export-oriented exchange. The peanut planting in the saline-alkali soil is affected by the soil property, the planting area is small, the planting technology is immature, and the yield is low, so that the peanut production area in the saline-alkali soil is small, the technology is low, the yield is unstable, and the economic and social benefits are low. The peanut planting method has the advantages of good economic benefit, light and simple management, and the method has important significance for enlarging the peanut planting area in the saline-alkali soil, improving the planting structure in the saline-alkali soil, increasing the income of farmers and the like.
In the aspect of agricultural machinery design, special peanut planting equipment suitable for saline-alkali soil is adopted to improve peanut planting quality and efficiency; in the aspect of agricultural measures, reasonable salt avoidance measures are adopted to improve the peanut emergence rate, ensure Miao Quanmiao to be uniform and increase the yield, which are important ways for ensuring the continuous development of peanuts in saline-alkali soil, but no equipment or agricultural machinery capable of obviously improving the peanut planting efficiency in the saline-alkali soil and a reasonable planting method for improving the peanut yield and benefit are currently available. Therefore, it is necessary to study a peanut planting device and a peanut planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil to improve peanut planting efficiency, improve emergence rate, ensure Miao Quanmiao uniformity and increase yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a saline-alkali soil peanut planting device and a planting method, and aims to solve the technical problems that the existing equipment and method for planting peanuts in the saline-alkali soil are insufficient for improving the planting quality, efficiency and emergence rate of the peanuts, and further improving the yield of the peanuts.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: provided is a saline-alkali soil peanut planting device, comprising:
the movable trolley has freedom degree capable of moving towards any direction, and moves along the length direction of the ridge when peanuts are planted in the saline-alkali soil, and a planar platform is formed at the upper end of the movable trolley;
a pit digging mechanism connected to the moving vehicle platform and provided with a pit digging part moving vertically and horizontally and digging a pit in the earth, wherein the pit digging part forms a pit body on the earth after digging the pit;
a sowing mechanism connected to the moving vehicle platform and provided with sowing parts moving in a plurality of directions and used for sowing peanut seeds into the pit body;
a pit burying mechanism connected to the pit digging mechanism and having a burying portion moving in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction by means of the pit digging mechanism and for burying peanut seeds in the pit;
And the irrigation assembly is connected with the mobile vehicle platform and is used for irrigating the inside and the periphery of the buried pit body.
In one possible implementation, the saline-alkali soil peanut planting device further includes:
the fertilization component is connected to the side part of the platform of the mobile vehicle and is used for applying fertilizer to the land before planting, the inside of the buried pit body and surrounding land, and the fertilization component moves to different positions along with the movement of the mobile vehicle to fertilize.
In one possible implementation, the saline-alkali soil peanut planting device further includes:
the leveling assembly is connected to the side part of the platform of the mobile vehicle and used for leveling saline-alkali soil before irrigating water, and the leveling assembly moves to different positions for leveling along with the movement of the mobile vehicle.
In one possible implementation, the pit digging mechanism includes:
the rotating platform is arranged at the upper end of the moving vehicle platform, the upper end of the rotating platform is a rotating end, and the rotating end has the freedom degree of circumferential rotation in a horizontal plane;
the telescopic column is vertically arranged, the lower end of the telescopic column is connected with the upper end of the rotating end, and the telescopic column has a degree of freedom of stretching along the vertical direction;
The position adjusting component is horizontally arranged, one end of the position adjusting component is fixedly connected with the upper end of the telescopic column, the other end of the position adjusting component is a free end, the position adjusting component is provided with a movable end of which the position is adjusted in the horizontal direction, the pit digging part is connected to the lower end of the movable end, and the position and the pit digging depth of the pit digging part are adjusted by means of the rotary table, the movable end and the telescopic column.
In one possible implementation, the position adjustment assembly includes:
one end of the sliding rail is fixedly connected with the upper end of the telescopic column, the other end of the sliding rail is a free end, the sliding rail is horizontally arranged, and a strip-shaped through hole is formed in the middle of the sliding rail along the length direction of the sliding rail;
the sliding block is positioned below the sliding rail, the upper end of the sliding block is connected with the sliding rail in a sliding way, the sliding block is the moving end, and the pit digging part is connected with the bottom end of the sliding block;
the driving part is arranged at the upper end of the sliding rail and comprises a motor and a driving wheel which are arranged at one end of the sliding rail, a driven wheel which is arranged at the other end of the sliding rail and a conveyor belt which is wrapped on the driving wheel and the driven wheel, the bottom end of the conveyor belt is connected with a deflector rod, the deflector rod is inserted and slides in the strip-shaped through hole, the driving part drives the deflector rod to slide in the strip-shaped through hole in a reciprocating manner, and the lower end of the deflector rod is connected with the upper end of the sliding block and drives the sliding block to slide on the sliding rail.
In one possible implementation, the sowing mechanism includes:
the storage box is used for storing peanut seeds, and a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the storage box;
hold the platform, upper portion is formed with and is wedge cell body, the one end of cell body is located the discharge gate below, the cell body is used for accepting from bin exhaust peanut seed, hold the platform be close to bin one end highly be greater than the other end height, follow the discharge gate exhaust is located peanut seed in the cell body can with the help of natural gravity to the cell body other end roll, seeding portion connect in mobile vehicle platform upper end, seeding portion is the manipulator, the manipulator is used for picking up and is located the inside peanut seed of cell body and to scattering in the hole.
In one possible implementation, the pit burying mechanism includes:
the telescopic rod is vertically arranged, the position adjusting assembly is provided with two moving ends which are arranged at intervals, and one moving end is used for connecting the pit digging part; the upper end of the telescopic rod is connected with the other movable end of the position adjusting assembly, the telescopic rod and the pit digging part are arranged at intervals, and the telescopic rod has a degree of freedom of stretching along the vertical direction; the buried part is connected to the lower end of the telescopic rod, and the buried part is used for adjusting the position of the buried pit by means of the rotary table, the movable end, the telescopic column and the telescopic rod.
In one possible implementation, the irrigation assembly includes:
the water tank is arranged at the upper end of the mobile vehicle platform and internally contains water;
the pump body is connected to the water outlet end of the water tank and is used for pumping water;
one end of the water pipe is communicated with the water outlet end of the pump body, and the other end of the water pipe faces the outside of the mobile vehicle and is used for pouring water into and around the buried pit body;
the sowing part is also used for clamping the water outlet end of the water pipe and adjusting the direction and the position of irrigation water.
In one possible implementation, the fertilization assembly includes:
the material table is positioned at the side part of the mobile vehicle and is horizontally arranged, one side of the material table is connected with the side part of the mobile vehicle platform, a material groove is formed at the upper part of the material table, the material groove is used for containing fertilizer, and a material opening is formed at the bottom of the material groove;
the upper ends of the telescopic pipes are connected with the bottom of the trough and surround the feed opening, fertilizer in the trough sequentially passes through the feed opening and the telescopic pipes and is discharged to the saline-alkali soil, and the telescopic length of the telescopic pipes and the direction of one end outputting the fertilizer can be adjusted;
and the vibrators are respectively connected to the outer walls of the telescopic pipes and used for vibrating the telescopic pipes so as to promote the discharge of fertilizer in the telescopic pipes.
The saline-alkali soil peanut planting device provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the saline-alkali soil peanut planting device comprises the moving vehicle, the pit digging mechanism, the sowing mechanism, the pit burying mechanism and the irrigation assembly, wherein the moving vehicle has the freedom degree capable of moving towards any direction, the moving vehicle moves along the length direction of a ridge when peanuts are planted in the saline-alkali soil, and a planar platform is formed at the upper end of the moving vehicle; the pit digging mechanism is connected with the mobile vehicle platform and provided with a pit digging part which moves in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction and digs pits towards the soil, and a pit body is formed on the soil after the pit digging part digs pits; the sowing mechanism is connected with the mobile vehicle platform and provided with a sowing part which moves in a plurality of directions and is used for sowing peanut seeds into the pit body; the pit burying mechanism is connected with the pit digging mechanism and provided with a burying part which moves in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction and is used for burying peanut seeds in the pit by the pit digging mechanism; the irrigation component is connected to the mobile car platform and is used for irrigating the inside and the periphery of the buried pit body, so that the technical problem that the equipment adopted by planting peanuts in the saline-alkali soil is insufficient to improve the planting quality and efficiency of the peanuts is solved.
The invention also provides a method for planting peanuts in the saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
10 days before sowing, treating the saline-alkali soil in a high-water-pressure salt manner so as to reduce the salt content of a plough layer of the saline-alkali soil to below 0.1%;
fertilizing the plough layer by using an organic fertilizer and a calcium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing weight per mu of land is 40Kg, and N is 2 O 5 :K 2 The ratio of O to CaO is 2.5:2:1.5:2;
fertilizing by using microbial fertilizer;
repairing multiple rows of ridges on the plough layer, wherein the ridge distance is 75-85cm, the distance between the inner sides of two adjacent rows of ridges is 50-60cm, the ridge width is 20-30cm, two rows of peanut seeds are planted between two adjacent rows of ridges, and the distance between each row of peanut seeds and the inner side of each ridge is 10-20cm; sequentially digging pits, sowing peanut seeds, burying the pits and watering and irrigating between two adjacent rows of ridges;
after planting, covering a film between two adjacent rows of ridges to cover planted peanut seeds and inhibit salt rising caused by water evaporation.
The saline-alkali soil peanut planting method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the saline-alkali soil peanut planting method provided by the invention has the advantages that peanuts can be planted in the saline-alkali soil, and reasonable salt avoidance measures are adopted to improve the peanut emergence rate, ensure Miao Quanmiao alignment and increase the yield.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a saline-alkali soil peanut planting device in an application state of the saline-alkali soil according to an embodiment of the present invention (a rectangular structure located on the left and right sides in the figure represents a ridge, and an arrow represents a planting direction);
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a peanut planting device in saline-alkali soil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pit digging mechanism of a saline-alkali soil peanut planting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a sowing mechanism of a saline-alkali soil peanut planting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fertilizing assembly of a saline-alkali soil peanut planting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a leveling assembly of a saline-alkali soil peanut planting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a crushing assembly of a saline-alkali soil peanut planting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a plan view of a layout mode of peanuts planted in a furrow (the section lines on the left side and the right side partially represent ridges, and dots represent pits) according to the saline-alkali soil peanut planting method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a moving vehicle; 11. a vehicle body; 12. a platform; 13. a drying assembly;
2. a pit digging mechanism; 21. digging a pit part; 22. a rotary table; 23. a telescopic column; 24. a position adjustment assembly; 241. a slide rail; 242. a slide block; 243. a driving section; 2431. a motor; 2432. a driving wheel; 2433. driven wheel; 2434. a conveyor belt; 2435. a deflector rod; 244. a long-strip-shaped through hole;
3. a sowing mechanism; 31. a sowing part; 32. a storage tank; 33. a holding table; 34. a tank body; 35. a slideway;
4. a pit burying mechanism; 41. a buried portion; 411. a rotating lever; 412. a push rod; 42. a telescopic rod;
5. a watering assembly; 51. a water tank; 52. a pump body; 53. a water pipe; 54. a bracket; 55. a heater;
6. a control system; 7. a remote controller;
8. a fertilization component; 81. a material platform; 82. a telescopic tube; 83. a vibrator; 84. a trough;
9. Leveling the assembly; 91. a sliding table; 92. a support rod; 93. a cross beam; 94. mop cloth; 95. a member;
10. a crushing assembly; 101. a frame; 102. a tray; 103. a telescopic column; 104. a passive plate; 105. pushing the top; 106. a driving disk; 107. a through hole; 108. extruding teeth; 109. a rotating plate; 110. pushing the rod.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a description will now be given of a saline-alkali soil peanut planting device provided by the invention. The saline-alkali soil peanut planting device comprises a moving vehicle 1, a pit digging mechanism 2, a sowing mechanism 3, a pit burying mechanism 4 and a watering assembly 5, wherein the moving vehicle 1 has the freedom degree capable of moving towards any direction, the moving vehicle 1 moves along the length direction of a ridge when peanuts are planted in the saline-alkali soil, and a planar platform 12 is formed at the upper end of the moving vehicle 1; the pit digging mechanism 2 is connected to the platform 12 of the mobile vehicle 1, and is provided with a pit digging part 21 which moves in the vertical and horizontal directions and digs into the soil, and a pit body is formed on the soil after the pit digging part 21 digs into the pit; the sowing mechanism 3 is connected to the platform 12 of the mobile vehicle 1 and is provided with a sowing part 31 which moves in a plurality of directions and is used for sowing peanut seeds into the pit; the pit burying mechanism 4 is connected to the pit digging mechanism 2 and has a burying portion 41 which moves in the vertical and horizontal directions by the pit digging mechanism 2 and is used for burying peanut seeds in the pit; the irrigation assembly 5 is connected to the platform 12 of the mobile vehicle 1 for irrigation of the inside and surrounding of the buried pit.
Compared with the prior art, the saline-alkali soil peanut planting device provided by the invention has the advantages that the pit digging mechanism 2, the sowing mechanism 3, the pit burying mechanism 4 and the irrigation assembly 5 are arranged on the moving vehicle 1, so that automatic and integrated operation of pit digging, sowing, pit burying and irrigation for planting peanuts in the saline-alkali soil can be realized, the speed, quality and efficiency of peanut planting are improved, the technical problem that equipment adopted for planting peanuts in the saline-alkali soil is insufficient to improve the quality and efficiency of peanut planting is solved, and the device has the technical effects of being capable of automatically digging, sowing, pit burying and irrigation, improving the quality and efficiency of peanut planting in the saline-alkali soil, improving the peanut emergence rate and further improving the peanut yield.
In this embodiment, the mobile vehicle 1 includes a vehicle body 11 and a platform 12 disposed at an upper end of the vehicle body 11, a plurality of wheels and a motor are disposed at a bottom of the vehicle body 11, and the motor drives the wheels to rotate, so that the mobile vehicle 1 can move on a saline-alkali soil, and a moving direction of the mobile vehicle 1 can be controlled manually. In the planting process, the movable trolley moves along the length direction of the ridge, and the moving position and distance of the movable trolley 1 can be controlled manually, so that the planting position can be controlled.
The invention further comprises a control system 6, the control system 6 is arranged on the platform 12 of the mobile vehicle 1, the control system 6 comprises a control panel with a PLC controller, wherein the pit digging mechanism 2, the sowing mechanism 3, the pit burying mechanism 4 and the irrigation component 5 are electrically connected with and controlled by the control panel, and a worker can control the planting operation of peanuts by controlling the control panel. The control panel is electrically connected with the wireless communication unit, the peanut planting device also comprises a remote controller 7, the remote controller 7 is electrically connected with the control panel through the wireless communication unit, the functions of controlling the mechanisms or the components can be achieved through control on the remote controller 7, and accordingly, the remote controller 7 and the control panel can synchronously operate, and peanut planting operation can be controlled only by operating one of the remote controller 7 and the control panel.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 to 7, the saline-alkali soil peanut planting device further includes a fertilizer application assembly 8, the fertilizer application assembly 8 is connected to the side of the platform 12 of the mobile vehicle 1, the fertilizer application assembly 8 is used for applying fertilizer to the soil inside and around the buried pits before peanut planting, and the fertilizer application assembly 8 moves to different positions to apply fertilizer along with the movement of the mobile vehicle 1. Before peanut planting and after peanut planting in saline-alkali soil is completed, the peanuts need to be fertilized, so that fertilization of different positions along with movement of the mobile vehicle 1 can be realized by adopting the fertilization assembly 8. The fertilizing amount can be controlled by manual control in the fertilizing process, or the fertilizing amount per mu of land.
The fertilization component 8 is electrically connected with the control panel, and the operation of the fertilization component 8 can be controlled by controlling the control panel.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 to 7, the saline-alkali soil peanut planting device further includes a leveling assembly 9, the leveling assembly 9 is connected to a platform side of the mobile vehicle 1, the leveling assembly 9 is used for leveling saline-alkali soil before irrigation, and the leveling assembly 9 moves to different positions to level along with movement of the mobile vehicle 1. After peanuts are planted on the saline-alkali soil, the soil needs to be leveled, so that the leveling assembly 9 is adopted for leveling. Along with the movement of the mobile vehicle 1, the lower end of the leveling component 9 can fall onto the ground, and through the movement of the mobile vehicle 1, the leveling component 9 can pull the movable soil on the ground, so that the movable soil can move into the pit body or a low-lying area on the ground, and the saline-alkali soil after pit digging can be leveled.
The leveling component 9 is electrically connected with the control panel, and the operation of the leveling component 9 can be controlled by controlling the control panel.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 to 7, the pit digging mechanism 2 includes a rotary table 22, a telescopic column 23 and a position adjusting assembly 24, the rotary table 22 is disposed at the upper end of the platform of the mobile vehicle 1, the upper end of the rotary table 22 is a rotating end, and the rotating end has a degree of freedom of rotating circumferentially in a horizontal plane; the telescopic column 23 is arranged vertically, the lower end of the telescopic column is connected with the upper end of the rotating end, and the telescopic column 23 has the freedom degree of telescopic along the vertical direction; the position adjusting assembly 24 is horizontally arranged, one end of the position adjusting assembly is fixedly connected with the upper end of the telescopic column 23, the other end of the position adjusting assembly is a free end, the position adjusting assembly 24 is provided with a moving end for adjusting the position in the horizontal direction, the pit digging part 21 is connected to the lower end of the moving end, and the position and the depth of pit digging are adjusted by means of the rotary table 22, the moving end and the telescopic column 23. The rotary table 22 is an electric rotary table, which is a product of the prior art, and is electrically connected to the control panel, and can control the angle of the rotary end after rotation by controlling on the control panel, so as to control the rotation angle or position of the position adjusting assembly 24 on the horizontal plane, and further control the pit digging position of the pit digging portion 21. By the telescopic adjustment of the telescopic column 23, the pit digging portion 21 can be vertically adjusted in height, so that the pit digging depth on the land can be adjusted. By the horizontal position adjustment of the movable end, the pit digging position of the pit digging portion 21 can be adjusted, and thus the pit digging portion 21 can be adjusted in movement in a plurality of directions of translation and rotation in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. The telescopic column 23 is a rod body or column body with electrically adjustable telescopic length, is a product in the prior art, is electrically connected with the control panel, and can control the telescopic length of the telescopic column 23 by controlling on the control panel, so as to control the pit digging depth of the pit digging part 21.
Specifically, the pit digging part 21 comprises a driving motor with the upper end detachably connected with the movable end and a spiral drill rod connected with the power output end of the driving motor, the spiral drill rod is arranged in a vertical mode, the pit digging part 21 can also be regarded as a spiral pit digger, holes can be drilled in saline-alkali soil through up-and-down movement, and the holes can be dug in different positions through cooperation with the operation of the telescopic column 23, the rotary table 22 and the position adjusting assembly 24. When the hole is to be dug, the hole digging part 21 is made to fall down and contact the ground, and the soil body can be thrown out to become a pit body when the hole digging part 21 continues to drill down, and the hole digging part 21 rises and can be moved to another position through the position adjusting assembly 24 to dig the hole. Wherein the pit digging part 21 is electrically connected with the control panel, and the pit digging operation can be controlled by operating on the control panel.
Referring to fig. 8, furrows are formed between two adjacent ridges, two rows of pit bodies are arranged in the furrows along the length direction of the ridges, the two rows of pit bodies are arranged in a staggered manner, namely, between the two ridges, and three adjacent pit bodies can be combined to form a triangle. The distance between the inner sides of two adjacent ridges is 55cm, the distance between two rows of pit bodies and the inner sides of the ridges is 15cm, the distance between the two rows of pit bodies is 25cm, the ridge distance is 80cm, and a film is required to be coated between the two rows of ridges.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 to 7, the position adjusting assembly 24 includes a slide rail 241, a slide block 242 and a driving portion 243, one end of the slide rail 241 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the telescopic column 23, the other end is a free end, the slide rail 241 is horizontally arranged, and a long through hole 244 is arranged in the middle of the slide rail 241 along the length direction of the slide rail 241; the sliding block 242 is positioned below the sliding rail 241, the upper end of the sliding block 242 is slidably connected to the sliding rail 241, the sliding block 242 is a moving end, and the pit digging part 21 is connected to the bottom end of the sliding block 242; the driving part 243 is arranged at the upper end of the slide rail 241 and comprises a motor 2431 and a driving wheel 2432 which are arranged at one end of the slide rail 241, a driven wheel 2433 which is arranged at the other end of the slide rail 241, and a conveyor belt 2434 which is wrapped on the driving wheel 2432 and the driven wheel 2433, wherein the bottom end of the conveyor belt 2434 is connected with a deflector rod 2435, the deflector rod 2435 is inserted and slides in a strip-shaped through hole 244, the driving part 243 drives the deflector rod 2435 to slide back and forth in the strip-shaped through hole 244, and the lower end of the deflector rod 2435 is connected with the upper end of the slide block 242 and drives the slide block 242 to slide on the slide rail 241. The sliding rail 241 and the telescopic column 23 can be detachably connected through a connecting piece such as a bolt, the lower end of the sliding rail 241 is a sliding end, the sliding block 242 slides on the sliding rail, the motor 2431 drives the conveying belt 2434 to convey the sliding rail, and it is noted that the conveying belt 2434 conveys the sliding rail reciprocally in a certain range, the range is that the shifting rod 2435 is required to move reciprocally in the strip-shaped through hole 244, the number of the shifting rods 2435 is two, the number of the sliding blocks 242 is correspondingly two, and one sliding block 242 is correspondingly connected with the pit digging part 21. So that the slider 242 can slide on the slide rail 241 to drive the pit digger 21 to move horizontally. The motor 2431 is electrically connected to the control panel, and the motor 2431 can be controlled to rotate in forward and reverse directions by operating on the control panel, so that the moving position of the shift lever 2435 is controlled.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 to 7, the sowing mechanism 3 includes a storage box 32 and a holding table 33, the storage box 32 is used for storing peanut seeds, and a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the storage box 32; the peanut seed sowing device comprises a storage tank 32, a sowing part 31, a storage tank 32, a storage tank 34 and a pit body, wherein a wedge-shaped groove 34 is formed on the upper portion of the storage tank 33, one end of the groove 34 is located below a discharge hole, the groove 34 is used for receiving peanut seeds discharged from the storage tank 32, the height of the storage tank 33, which is close to one end of the storage tank 32, is larger than that of the other end of the storage tank 32, the peanut seeds discharged from the discharge hole and located in the groove 34 can roll towards the other end of the groove 34 by means of natural gravity, the sowing part 31 is connected to the upper end of a platform of the mobile vehicle 1, and the sowing part 31 is a manipulator which is used for picking up the peanut seeds located in the groove 34 and sowing the peanut seeds into the pit body. The bin 32 is cylindrical, and the lower extreme is conical, places in mobile car 1 platform upper end, before sowing, places a certain amount of peanut seed to the bin 32 in, then the peanut seed rolls gradually in to cell body 34 through the discharge gate, can control it through operating the manipulator and snatch a certain amount of peanut seed in from cell body 34, and the manipulator can also be to the internal sowing of hole to realized the seeding of seed. The upper end of the groove body 34 is open, the width of the opening close to one end of the storage box 32 is smaller, the width of the opening far away from one end of the storage box 32 is larger, and thus the manipulator can grasp peanut seeds from the larger position of the opening, and the grabbing operation is convenient. When the tank 34 is filled with peanut seeds, the seeds are not discharged outwards at the discharge hole.
Specifically, the seeding part 31 is a product in the prior art, is electrically connected with the control panel, and can control the operation of the manipulator by manually operating the control panel, thereby realizing the seeding of seeds.
Preferably, a slide 35 is provided at the upper end of the platform of the carriage 1, and the lower end of the sowing section 31 is slidably connected to the slide 35, and the sowing position of the seeds can be adjusted by a slide manipulator. Wherein an electric ejector rod (not shown in the figure) is arranged at one end of the slideway 35, one end of the electric ejector rod is fixedly connected with the slideway 35, the other end of the electric ejector rod is connected with the manipulator, and the manipulator can slide in the slideway 35 through telescopic ejection, so that the sowing position is adjusted.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 to 7, the pit burying mechanism 4 includes a telescopic rod 42 arranged in a vertical shape, and the position adjusting assembly 24 has two moving ends arranged at intervals, one for connecting with the pit digging portion 21; the upper end of the telescopic rod 42 is connected with the other movable end of the position adjusting assembly 24, the telescopic rod 42 is arranged at intervals with the pit digging part 21, and the telescopic rod 42 has a degree of freedom of stretching vertically; the buried portion 41 is connected to the lower end of the telescopic rod 42, and the buried portion 41 is used to adjust the position of the buried pit by means of the turntable 22, the movable end, the telescopic column 23, and the telescopic rod 42. The telescopic rod 42 is an electric telescopic rod in the prior art, and is electrically connected with the control panel, and can control the telescopic rod 42 to stretch and retract through controlling on the control panel, so as to control the operation height of the buried part 41. The upper end of the telescopic rod 42 is connected with the other slide block 242. The pit is dug by the pit dig 21, the pit dig 21 is separated from the pit body after digging, then the sowing part 31 is used for sowing, and then the telescopic rod 42 and the buried part 41 are moved to the pit body position for burying. After burying, the pit body is separated, the rotary table 22 is rotated or the telescopic column 23 is controlled to stretch or adjust the position of the moving end, and then pit digging, sowing and pit burying can be carried out on the next planting position.
Specifically, the buried portion 41 includes a plurality of equispaced rotating rods 411 circumferentially arranged at the lower portion of the telescopic rod 42, one end of each rotating rod 411 is hinged to the telescopic rod 42, the other end of each rotating rod is a free end, the buried portion further includes a push rod 412 with one end hinged to the telescopic rod 42 and the other end hinged to the rotating rod 411, the push rod 412 is an electric push rod and is electrically connected with the control panel, the telescopic length of the push rod 412 can be controlled by operating on the control panel, the rotating angle of the rotating rod 411 can be controlled, movable soil located on the soil can be pulled into the pit through the rotation or swing of the rotating rods 411, and the burying of peanut seeds in the pit is achieved. The spatial range that a plurality of dwells 411 enclose jointly can be adjusted, and as the optimization, telescopic link 42 is located the top of the hole body, and a plurality of dwells 411 are located the periphery of the hole body, through the rotation of a plurality of dwells 411, can dial the movable soil and draw the hole body in. By controlling the rotation of the plurality of rotating rods 411 on the control panel, the size of the space surrounded by the plurality of rotating rods 411 can be controlled, so that pits with different diameters can be buried.
Preferably, the rotation lever 411 has an arc shape, and the convex portion of the rotation lever 411 faces the outside of the telescopic lever 42.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1-7, irrigation assembly 5 includes a water tank 51, a pump body 52, and a water tube 53. The water tank 51 is arranged at the upper end of the platform of the mobile vehicle 1 and internally contains water; the pump body 52 is connected to the water outlet end of the water tank 51 and is used for pumping water; one end of the water pipe 53 is communicated with the water outlet end of the pump body 52, and the other end of the water pipe faces the outside of the mobile vehicle 1 and is used for pouring water into and around the buried pit; wherein, the sowing part 31 is also used for clamping the water outlet end of the water pipe 53 and adjusting the irrigation water direction and position. The pump body 52 is a water pump, and the water pump is electrically connected with the control panel, and by operating on the control panel, the operation of pouring or not can be controlled. The water pipe 53 is clamped by the mechanical arm, so that the water outlet direction and position of the water pipe 53 can be adjusted, and then the pit bodies at different positions or the periphery of the pit bodies can be watered. The operation of manually controlling the watering position and the like is omitted, the operation efficiency of watering is improved, and the automatic operation is realized. A bracket 54 is provided at the upper end of the traveling carriage 1, and when the water pipe is not in use, the water pipe can be placed on the bracket 54 to be fixed. When needed, a robot may be used to remove it from the support 54.
Preferably, a heater 55 is provided on the outer wall of the water tank 51, and the heater 55 is electrically connected to a control panel, and the operation of the heater 55 can be controlled by controlling the control panel, so that the heating temperature of the water in the water tank 51 can be controlled. The water tank 51 is prevented from freezing during winter use.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 to 7, the fertilization assembly 8 includes a material table 81, a plurality of extension pipes 82 and a plurality of vibrators 83, wherein the material table 81 is positioned at the side of the mobile vehicle 1 and is horizontally arranged, one side of the material table is connected with the side of the platform of the mobile vehicle 1, a material groove 84 is formed at the upper part of the material table 81, the material groove 84 is used for containing fertilizer, and a plurality of material openings are formed at the bottom of the material groove 84; the upper ends of the telescopic pipes 82 are connected with the bottom of the trough 84 and are arranged to surround the plurality of material openings in a one-to-one correspondence manner, fertilizer in the trough 84 is discharged to the saline-alkali soil after passing through the material openings and the telescopic pipes 82 in sequence, and the telescopic length of the telescopic pipes 82 and the direction of one end outputting the fertilizer can be adjusted; a plurality of vibrators 83 are respectively connected to outer walls of the plurality of extension pipes 82 for vibrating the plurality of extension pipes 82 to promote discharge of fertilizer located in the extension pipes 82. The material platform 81 is used for containing fertilizer, the fertilizer is placed in the material groove 84, can fall into the material mouth through natural gravity, falls into the telescopic pipe 82 again, finally is discharged from the lower end of the telescopic pipe 82, can enable the fertilizer to gradually fall onto the land through the movement of the moving vehicle 1, a plurality of telescopic pipes 82 can be arranged on the material platform 81 at intervals, and the telescopic pipes 82 are a gooseneck pipe, can be bent and deformed, so that the position of the fertilizer falling onto the land can be adjusted. In order to prevent the fertilizer from clogging in the extension pipe 82, the vibrator 83 is used to vibrate the extension pipe 82, so that the fertilizer can smoothly flow out. The vibrator 83 is electrically connected to the control panel, and the start and stop of the vibrator 83 can be controlled by operating the control panel.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention further includes a crushing assembly 10 provided at an upper end of the platform of the mobile cart 1 for crushing the agglomerated fertilizer. The crushing assembly 10 comprises a C-shaped frame 101 arranged at the upper end of a platform of the mobile vehicle 1, a tray 102 arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the frame 101, a telescopic upright post 103 arranged at the upper end of the tray 102, a driven plate 104 arranged at the upper end of the telescopic upright post 103, a push-up part 105 arranged at the top of the inner side of the frame 101, a rotary table 22 arranged at the lower end of the push-up part 105 and a driving plate 106 arranged at the lower end of the rotary table 22, wherein the rotary table 22 adopts the same structure and principle as the rotary table 22, and can realize circumferential rotation in the horizontal plane, firstly, agglomerated fertilizer is placed at the upper end of the driven plate 104, the driving plate 106 can vertically lift up and down through the telescopic push-up of the push-up part 105, and the driving plate 106 can be extruded and crushed when the driving plate 106 is in contact with or contacts with the driven plate 104 soon. A plurality of through holes 107 are uniformly distributed on the driving disc 106 and the driven disc 104, a plurality of extrusion teeth 108 are respectively arranged on the lower end face of the driving disc 106 and the upper end face of the driven disc 104, the extrusion teeth 108 of the two parts of the extrusion teeth are arranged in a staggered mode, agglomerated fertilizer is placed at the upper ends of the extrusion teeth 108 on the driven disc 104, the fertilizer is extruded and crushed through the extrusion teeth 108 on the driving disc 106, small crushed fertilizer particles can fall onto the tray 102 through the through holes 107 on the driven disc 104, and a worker can directly take out the fertilizer from the tray 102 for fertilization. The telescopic column 103 is a telescopic rod in the prior art, and can vertically stretch and retract, so that the height of the passive plate 104 can be adjusted, and agglomerated fertilizers with different volumes or sizes can be extruded and crushed conveniently. When the two-part extrusion teeth 108 are not in contact, the rotation of the rotary table 22 can be used to rotate the driving disc 106, so that the rotation motion can be realized in the extrusion process, namely, extrusion and screwing can be performed simultaneously, and the extrusion and crushing efficiency of the fertilizer can be improved.
Preferably, a rotating plate 109 is hinged to the side portion of the driven plate 104, one end of the rotating plate 109 is hinged to the driven plate 104, the other end is a free end, a pushing rod 110 is arranged between the rotating plate 109 and the driven plate 104, the pushing rod 110 is an electric telescopic rod in the prior art, the telescopic upright post 103, the pushing part 105, the pushing rod 110 and the rotating table 22 are electrically connected with a control panel, and the operation can be controlled respectively through the control of the control panel. The upper end of the rotating plate 109 is also provided with extrusion teeth 108, the driving plate 106 can also extrude and crush the agglomerated fertilizer positioned on the rotating plate 109, and the rotating plate 109 can realize the transfer of the agglomerated fertilizer positioned on the rotating plate 109 onto the driven plate 104, and the driving plate 106 can extrude (the position of the ejection part 105 can be adjusted).
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention further comprises a drying assembly 13 provided at the upper end of the platform of the mobile cart 1 for blowing and keeping the wet fertilizer dry. The drying assembly 13 includes a blower including a heater 55 that adjusts the temperature of the blown air, and the blower blows air toward the fertilizer located in the table 81, thereby drying the moist fertilizer. Because the wet fertilizer is in a block shape, the wet fertilizer is inconvenient to discharge from the material opening, and the wet fertilizer can freely fall after being dried by the blower. The drying component 13 is electrically connected with the control panel, and can control the blowing on the control panel.
Preferably, the drying assemblies 13 are arranged in a plurality of groups at intervals, and blow air toward the inside of the material table 81.
As shown in fig. 6, the leveling component 9 includes two sliding tables 91 which are combined at the upper end of the platform of the mobile vehicle 1 to form an L shape, a supporting rod 92 which is connected on the sliding tables 91 in a 7 shape and is in sliding connection, a cross beam 93 which is arranged at the upper end of the supporting rod 92, a plurality of mop strips 94 which are arranged on the cross beam 93 at intervals, wherein the mop strips 94 are made of rubber or metal materials and have elasticity, the lower end of each mop strip is pulled on the land, the upper end of each mop strip is connected with the cross beam 93, and the mop strips 94 are pulled on the land through the movement of the mobile vehicle 1, so that the movable soil can be pulled into a pit body, and the leveling of the saline-alkali soil is realized. The lower end of the mop 94 is provided with a plurality of thorn-shaped members 95, and the members 95 can pull or scratch movable soil or more raised soil on the soil, which is equivalent to the function of a scraper, so that the leveling treatment of the saline-alkali soil can be realized.
Preferably, the support bar 92 is adjustable in height to adjust the height of the mop 94 or floor height.
The two sliding tables 91 are perpendicular to each other and are mutually communicated, the two sliding tables are respectively parallel to the length direction and the width direction of the mobile vehicle 1, and the bottom of the supporting rod 92 is provided with a round cake-shaped sliding block, so that the sliding can be switched on the two sliding tables 91, namely, the cross beam 93 can be positioned at the left side or the front side of the mobile vehicle 1, and when the mobile vehicle 1 is in the moving process, the mobile vehicle 1 does not need to be moved, and the leveling of the land can be realized by flexibly adjusting the position of the mop cloth 94. The pie-shaped slider can slide smoothly at the junction between the two sliding tables 91, and the sliding can be operated by manual pushing. After the position is fixed, the round cake-shaped sliding block can be fixed on the sliding table 91 manually by using limiting parts such as bolts, jackscrews and the like, wherein the sliding table 91 is a slideway or a sliding rail.
The invention also provides a method for planting peanuts in the saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
10 days before sowing, treating the saline-alkali soil in a high-water-pressure salt manner so as to reduce the salt content of a plough layer of the saline-alkali soil to below 0.1%;
fertilizing the plough layer by using an organic fertilizer and a calcium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing weight per mu of land is 40Kg, and N is 2 O 5 :K 2 The ratio of O to CaO is 2.5:2:1.5:2;
fertilizing by using microbial fertilizer; the microbial fertilizer can be microbial fertilizer such as enzyme preparation.
Repairing multiple rows of ridges on the plough layer, wherein the ridge distance is 75-85cm, the distance between the inner sides of two adjacent rows of ridges is 50-60cm, the ridge width is 20-30cm, two rows of peanut seeds are planted between two adjacent rows of ridges, and the distance between each row of peanut seeds and the inner side of each ridge is 10-20cm; sequentially digging pits, sowing peanut seeds, burying the pits and watering and irrigating between two adjacent rows of ridges;
after planting, covering a film between two adjacent rows of ridges to cover planted peanut seeds and inhibit salt rising caused by water evaporation. And (3) coating films on the ridges, and timely pressing soil, so that the compactness of the coating films and the higher coating quality are maintained.
As shown in fig. 8, a furrow is formed between two adjacent ridges, two rows of pit bodies are distributed in the furrow along the length direction of the ridges, the two rows of pit bodies are arranged in a staggered manner, namely, between the two ridges, and three adjacent pit bodies can be combined to form a triangle. The distance between the inner sides of two adjacent ridges is 55cm, the distance between two rows of pit bodies and the inner sides of the ridges is 15cm, the distance between the two rows of pit bodies is 25cm, the ridge distance is 80cm, and a film is required to be coated between the two rows of ridges.
The saline-alkali soil peanut planting method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the conventional planting method of peanuts in saline-alkali soil without film covering by flat sowing, the peanut planting method in saline-alkali soil provided by the invention has the advantages that the peanuts can be planted in the saline-alkali soil, the planting film is formed by ridging, biological salt avoidance and agricultural measures such as reasonable fertilization are combined, the peanuts grow and develop, after the period of fruiting, the salt content of the soil with the surface layer of 0-20cm is reduced by 7.84% -53.85%, the salt content of the soil with the surface layer of 20-40cm is reduced by 3.64% -45.95%, compared with the conventional planting method of peanuts in saline-alkali soil without film covering by flat sowing, the yield is increased by 38.27% -60.32%, the number of single plant pods is increased by 4.8% -6.4, the number of single plant full fruits is 3% -5, and the full fruit rate and the kernel yield are respectively increased by 3.8% -8.5% and 2.8% -5.3%, so that the yield of the peanuts in the medium and slight saline-alkali soil is greatly increased. Meanwhile, the method is easy to control, simple and easy to implement, has important significance for optimizing the agricultural planting structure in the saline-alkali soil area and improving the economic benefit and the social benefit of agricultural production, and adopts reasonable salt avoidance measures to improve the peanut emergence rate, ensure Miao Quanmiao to be uniform and increase the yield.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A saline-alkali soil peanut planting device, characterized by comprising:
the movable trolley has freedom degree capable of moving towards any direction, and moves along the length direction of the ridge when peanuts are planted in the saline-alkali soil, and a planar platform is formed at the upper end of the movable trolley;
a pit digging mechanism connected to the moving vehicle platform and provided with a pit digging part moving vertically and horizontally and digging a pit in the earth, wherein the pit digging part forms a pit body on the earth after digging the pit;
a sowing mechanism connected to the moving vehicle platform and provided with sowing parts moving in a plurality of directions and used for sowing peanut seeds into the pit body;
a pit burying mechanism connected to the pit digging mechanism and having a burying portion moving in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction by means of the pit digging mechanism and for burying peanut seeds in the pit;
and the irrigation assembly is connected with the mobile vehicle platform and is used for irrigating the inside and the periphery of the buried pit body.
2. The saline-alkali soil peanut planting device of claim 1, further comprising:
the fertilization component is connected to the side part of the platform of the mobile vehicle and is used for applying fertilizer to the land before planting, the inside of the buried pit body and surrounding land, and the fertilization component moves to different positions along with the movement of the mobile vehicle to fertilize.
3. The saline-alkali soil peanut planting device of claim 1, further comprising:
the leveling assembly is connected to the side part of the platform of the mobile vehicle and used for leveling saline-alkali soil before irrigating water, and the leveling assembly moves to different positions for leveling along with the movement of the mobile vehicle.
4. The saline-alkali soil peanut planting device of claim 1, wherein the pit digging mechanism comprises:
the rotating platform is arranged at the upper end of the moving vehicle platform, the upper end of the rotating platform is a rotating end, and the rotating end has the freedom degree of circumferential rotation in a horizontal plane;
the telescopic column is vertically arranged, the lower end of the telescopic column is connected with the upper end of the rotating end, and the telescopic column has a degree of freedom of stretching along the vertical direction;
The position adjusting component is horizontally arranged, one end of the position adjusting component is fixedly connected with the upper end of the telescopic column, the other end of the position adjusting component is a free end, the position adjusting component is provided with a movable end of which the position is adjusted in the horizontal direction, the pit digging part is connected to the lower end of the movable end, and the position and the pit digging depth of the pit digging part are adjusted by means of the rotary table, the movable end and the telescopic column.
5. The saline-alkali soil peanut planting device of claim 4, wherein the position adjustment assembly comprises:
one end of the sliding rail is fixedly connected with the upper end of the telescopic column, the other end of the sliding rail is a free end, the sliding rail is horizontally arranged, and a strip-shaped through hole is formed in the middle of the sliding rail along the length direction of the sliding rail;
the sliding block is positioned below the sliding rail, the upper end of the sliding block is connected with the sliding rail in a sliding way, the sliding block is the moving end, and the pit digging part is connected with the bottom end of the sliding block;
the driving part is arranged at the upper end of the sliding rail and comprises a motor and a driving wheel which are arranged at one end of the sliding rail, a driven wheel which is arranged at the other end of the sliding rail and a conveyor belt which is wrapped on the driving wheel and the driven wheel, the bottom end of the conveyor belt is connected with a deflector rod, the deflector rod is inserted and slides in the strip-shaped through hole, the driving part drives the deflector rod to slide in the strip-shaped through hole in a reciprocating manner, and the lower end of the deflector rod is connected with the upper end of the sliding block and drives the sliding block to slide on the sliding rail.
6. A saline-alkali soil peanut planting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said sowing mechanism comprises:
the storage box is used for storing peanut seeds, and a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the storage box;
hold the platform, upper portion is formed with and is wedge cell body, the one end of cell body is located the discharge gate below, the cell body is used for accepting from bin exhaust peanut seed, hold the platform be close to bin one end highly be greater than the other end height, follow the discharge gate exhaust is located peanut seed in the cell body can with the help of natural gravity to the cell body other end roll, seeding portion connect in mobile vehicle platform upper end, seeding portion is the manipulator, the manipulator is used for picking up and is located the inside peanut seed of cell body and to scattering in the hole.
7. The saline-alkali soil peanut planting device of claim 4, wherein the pit burying mechanism comprises:
the telescopic rod is vertically arranged, the position adjusting assembly is provided with two moving ends which are arranged at intervals, and one moving end is used for connecting the pit digging part; the upper end of the telescopic rod is connected with the other movable end of the position adjusting assembly, the telescopic rod and the pit digging part are arranged at intervals, and the telescopic rod has a degree of freedom of stretching along the vertical direction; the buried part is connected to the lower end of the telescopic rod, and the buried part is used for adjusting the position of the buried pit by means of the rotary table, the movable end, the telescopic column and the telescopic rod.
8. A saline-alkali soil peanut planting apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said irrigation assembly comprises:
the water tank is arranged at the upper end of the mobile vehicle platform and internally contains water;
the pump body is connected to the water outlet end of the water tank and is used for pumping water;
one end of the water pipe is communicated with the water outlet end of the pump body, and the other end of the water pipe faces the outside of the mobile vehicle and is used for pouring water into and around the buried pit body;
the sowing part is also used for clamping the water outlet end of the water pipe and adjusting the direction and the position of irrigation water.
9. The saline-alkali soil peanut planting device of claim 2, wherein the fertilization assembly comprises:
the material table is positioned at the side part of the mobile vehicle and is horizontally arranged, one side of the material table is connected with the side part of the mobile vehicle platform, a material groove is formed at the upper part of the material table, the material groove is used for containing fertilizer, and a material opening is formed at the bottom of the material groove;
the upper ends of the telescopic pipes are connected with the bottom of the trough and surround the feed opening, fertilizer in the trough sequentially passes through the feed opening and the telescopic pipes and is discharged to the saline-alkali soil, and the telescopic length of the telescopic pipes and the direction of one end outputting the fertilizer can be adjusted;
And the vibrators are respectively connected to the outer walls of the telescopic pipes and used for vibrating the telescopic pipes so as to promote the discharge of fertilizer in the telescopic pipes.
10. The peanut planting method for the saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selecting peanut seeds of salt-tolerant varieties, and coating the peanut seeds;
10 days before sowing, treating the saline-alkali soil in a high-water-pressure salt manner so as to reduce the salt content of a plough layer of the saline-alkali soil to below 0.1%;
fertilizing the plough layer by using an organic fertilizer and a calcium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing weight per mu of land is 40Kg, and N is 2 O 5 :K 2 The ratio of O to CaO is 2.5:2:1.5:2;
fertilizing by using microbial fertilizer;
repairing multiple rows of ridges on the plough layer, wherein the ridge distance is 75-85cm, the distance between the inner sides of two adjacent rows of ridges is 50-60cm, the ridge width is 20-30cm, two rows of peanut seeds are planted between two adjacent rows of ridges, and the distance between each row of peanut seeds and the inner side of each ridge is 10-20cm; sequentially digging pits, sowing peanut seeds, burying the pits and watering and irrigating between two adjacent rows of ridges;
after planting, covering a film between two adjacent rows of ridges to cover planted peanut seeds and inhibit salt rising caused by water evaporation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311527069.5A CN117561839A (en) | 2023-11-16 | 2023-11-16 | Saline-alkali soil peanut planting device and planting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311527069.5A CN117561839A (en) | 2023-11-16 | 2023-11-16 | Saline-alkali soil peanut planting device and planting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118020422A (en) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-05-14 | 山西农业大学 | Saline-alkali soil ridging, film covering and drip irrigation seeder |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118020422A (en) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-05-14 | 山西农业大学 | Saline-alkali soil ridging, film covering and drip irrigation seeder |
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