CN117547618A - 内腔装载小核酸药物的铁蛋白纳米笼载体及应用 - Google Patents
内腔装载小核酸药物的铁蛋白纳米笼载体及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117547618A CN117547618A CN202210209855.XA CN202210209855A CN117547618A CN 117547618 A CN117547618 A CN 117547618A CN 202210209855 A CN202210209855 A CN 202210209855A CN 117547618 A CN117547618 A CN 117547618A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种内腔装载小核酸药物的铁蛋白笼纳米载体的制备方法及应用。本发明通过基因工程手段,将铁蛋白(ferritin)的负电内腔改造为正电,改造手段包括基于其内表面氨基酸突变或在C端融合功能肽,构建新型载核酸蛋白纳米笼载体。通过静电吸附作用,呈负电性的小核酸药物可被高效装载至蛋白纳米笼内部,显著提升小核酸药物的体内外递送稳定性、细胞摄取效率靶向治疗疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于铁蛋白生物纳米材料领域,涉及内腔装载小核酸药物的铁蛋白纳米笼载体的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
核酸药物(nucleic acid drug)可特异性针对致病基因,在基因水平上精准靶向调控治疗疾病,近年来在精准和个性化治疗领域受到了广泛关注。然而,游离的核酸药物在应用中存在着稳定差和生物利用率低的问题,进入血液之后裸核酸极易被核酸酶降解,且容易通过肾脏清除,半衰期短。同时外源核酸分子具有免疫原性,容易引起人体的免疫反应。此外,核酸药物大多为带负电的亲水性分子,难以透过细胞质膜被细胞摄取。如果不能进入细胞实现胞吞,小核酸药物将无法发挥作用。因此,亟需开发一个安全高效的核酸药物体内递送载体。
笼形蛋白广泛存在于自然界中,如病毒衣壳,铁蛋白、小热激蛋白和Dps蛋白等,其独特的水溶性、高分散性、对称性、均一性使其在药物载体材料领域受到广泛的关注。例如,铁蛋白是一类具有代表性的天然笼状蛋白,其24个亚基可以通过可逆自组装过程形成内径为8nm,外径为12nm的空心球形纳米蛋白笼。天然的蛋白笼作为药物载体具有众多优点,包括:1、具有均一的纳米尺寸和中空的笼状结构;2、高稳定性、低免疫原性和高生物相容性;3、可逆的自组装性质,可简单地通过调节缓冲液的酸碱或添加变性剂介导蛋白笼的解组装和自组装,进而实现药物的内腔装载;4、易于通过基因工程手段和化学修饰方法对其进行性质及功能改造;5、某些笼状蛋白(如铁蛋白)还具有受体介导的细胞内吞作用和固有肿瘤靶向性;目前笼状蛋白已经被广泛应用于装载小分子药物。但是由于天然蛋白笼内腔性质的限制,其核酸装载表现不尽人意,如铁蛋白内腔电荷分布以负电为主导,难以有效装载同样带负电的核酸药物。
虽然目前存在少数研究对笼状蛋白进行改造以实现核酸装载的目的,包括在蛋白笼外表面融合正电肽或阳离子聚合物以借助静电作用来吸附核酸药物。但是在复杂的血液循环环境,存在血浆剪切力会提前剥离外部装载的核酸及血浆蛋白干扰的问题。因此,如何将带负电的核酸药物装载至蛋白笼内腔以进一步提高其稳定性和安全性是领域目前面临的一大瓶颈难题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于如何高效地将小核酸药物装载至笼状蛋白内腔。针对现有笼状蛋白变体的缺陷,本发明提供了更加安全高效的内部正电突变的铁蛋白笼纳米载体用于内腔装载小核酸药物,并进一步提供其设计方法和应用。
本发明第一方面,提供了一种小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体的制备方法,所述方法包括将所述铁蛋白笼内腔电荷性进行由负转正的改变。
本发明所述铁蛋白“HFn”是指可以形成笼状结构的任何铁蛋白,其可以是天然来源的铁蛋白,也可以是重组表达的铁蛋白,或其突变体,其可以来源于原核生物、原生生物、真菌、植物或动物,例如来源于细菌、真菌、昆虫、爬行动物、禽类、两栖动物、鱼类、哺乳动物,例如来源于啮齿类动物、反刍动物、非人灵长类动物或人类,例如小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、犬类、猫、牛、马、羊、猴、大猩猩、人。从细菌到人类,尽管不同生物的铁蛋白氨基酸序列具有极大的差别,但其结构相似,均可以形成蛋白壳结构。
在某些实施例中,所述铁蛋白为人重链铁蛋白HFn,其氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.1。
在某些实施例中,所述改变包括以下步骤,
(A)将空间上分布于所述铁蛋白内表面的带负电或不带电氨基酸突变为带正电氨基酸,和/或,
(B)将铁蛋白C端的E螺旋替换为具有核酸亲和力的功能肽。
在某些实施例中,所述步骤(A)中突变位点为Glu61,Glu64,Gl u140和Glu147。
在某些实施例中,所述步骤(A)中带正电氨基酸选自精氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸的任一种。
在某些实施例中,所述步骤(B)中的替换为以下任意一种或多种,
(a)将所述铁蛋白C端的E螺旋替换为带有正电肽的功能性基序,
(b)将所述铁蛋白C端的E螺旋替换为带有核酸结合肽的功能性基序,
(c)将所述铁蛋白C端的E螺旋替换为带有细胞穿透肽的功能性基序。
在某些实施例中,所述带有正电肽的功能性基序序列如SEQ ID NO.7(GRKKRRQRRR)所示。
在某些实施例中,所述带有核酸结合肽的功能性基序序列如SEQ ID NO.8(QSTEKGAADKARRKSA)所示。
在某些实施例中,带有细胞穿透肽的功能性基序序列如SEQ ID NO.9(YWHHHHH)或SEQ ID NO.10(KHHHKHHHKHHHKHHH)所示。
本发明第二方面,提供了一种由本发明第一方面的制备方法制备获得的小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体,所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体内腔带正电。
在某些实施例中,所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体含有突变位点为Glu61,Glu64,Glu140和Glu147。
在某些实施例中,所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO.7-10中任意一种。
在某些实施例中,所述小核酸药物为包括但不限于ssDNA、AS O、siRNA、shRNA、miRNA、mRNA、IncRNA、核酸适配体等。
在某些实施例中,所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.2-6中任意一种或多种。
在某些实施例中,所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体的小核酸药物装载量为2-8个核酸分子/每个蛋白笼。
在某些实施例中,所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体的小核酸药物装载量为5-6个核酸分子/每个蛋白笼。
本发明第三方面,提供了一种小核酸药物递送系统,所述小核酸药物递送系统包括本发明第二方面提供的小核酸递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体和小核酸药物。
在某些实施例中,所述所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体与小核酸药物的摩尔质量比为1:2~1:10,优选的,摩尔质量比为1:5。
本发明第四方面,提供了一种采用本发明第三方面提供的小核酸药物递送系统包载小核酸药物的方法,包括以下步骤,
步骤S1、制备并纯化权利要求15所述的小核酸药物递送系统中的铁蛋白笼纳米载体;
步骤S2、将所述小核酸药物溶解于DEPC水,稀释成一定浓度;
步骤S3、将步骤S1获得的铁蛋白笼纳米载体加入pH 1-3的酸性缓冲液中,4℃共孵育30-45分钟,获得酸解聚体系;
步骤S4、将步骤S2配置的小核酸药物溶液加入pH 9-11的碱性缓冲液中,混合均匀后,加入步骤S3所得的酸解聚体系,4℃共孵育1-3小时,以重组装内腔包载有小核酸药物的铁蛋白纳米笼,即得。
在某些实施例中,步骤S3中所述的酸性缓冲液为HCl溶液,优选为pH 1.5-1.6的HCl溶液。
在某些实施例中,步骤S4中所述的碱性缓冲液包括但不限于Na2CO3/NaHCO3、Na2CO3、NaHCO3、Tris、NaOH溶液等,优选的,碱性缓冲液为pH 9-10的Na2CO3/NaHCO3溶液。
在某些实施例中,步骤S4中的蛋白笼纳米载体与小核酸药物制备的投料摩尔质量比为1:2~1:10,优选的,摩尔质量比为1:5。
本发明第五方面,提供了本发明第二方面所述的小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体、本发明第三方面所述的小核酸药物递送系统在药物递送中的应用。
在某些实施例中,所述药物为小核酸药物。
在某些实施例中,所述小核酸药物包括但不限于ssDNA、ASO、siRNA、shRNA、miRNA、mRNA、IncRNA、核酸适配体等。
本发明第六方面,本发明还提供了所述的小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体、所述的小核酸药物递送系统在制备抗肿瘤、抗病毒及相关基因疾病治疗的药物中的应用。
本发明对于现有技术而言,通过基因工程手段,将铁蛋白的负电内腔改造为正电(包括基于其内表面氨基酸突变或在C端融合功能肽)构建新型载核酸蛋白纳米笼载体。通过静电吸附作用,呈负电性的小核酸药物可被高效装载至铁蛋白纳米笼内部,显著提升小核酸药物的体内外递送稳定性、细胞摄取效率和靶向治疗疗效。本发明构建的铁蛋白笼纳米载体可作为一种普适性的小核酸药物装载平台广泛应用于抗肿瘤、抗病毒及相关基因疾病治疗。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1将蛋白笼内腔进行正电突变以实现小核酸药物的内部装载。
图2内腔正电突变蛋白笼纳米载体的构建及表征。(A)通过对笼状蛋白内表面氨基酸进行点突变,即用正电氨基酸替代负电氨基酸,设计构建内腔正电蛋白笼纳米载体的示意图;(B)纯化后野生型HFn及突变体HFn(+)蛋白的15%SDS-PAGE分析;(C)纯化后野生型HFn及突变体HFn(+)蛋白的Native-PAGE分析;(D)突变体HF n(+)蛋白的TEM表征;(E)通过DLS表征突变体HFn(+)蛋白粒径。
图3C端修饰功能基序的蛋白笼纳米载体的表征。(A)C端修饰正电肽的HFn(+)蛋白突变体的TEM表征和粒径分析;(B)C端修饰核酸结合肽的HFn(+)蛋白突变体的TEM表征和粒径分析;(C)C端修饰细胞穿透肽的HFn(+)蛋白突变体的TEM表征和粒径分析。
图4CpG@HFn(+)的制备及表征。(A)基于pH介导的蛋白笼解组装/再组装过程,将CpG ODN装载蛋白笼纳米载体内腔的示意图;(B)CpG@HFn(+)的透射电镜表征;(C)CpG@HFn(+)的Nat ive-PAGE分析;(D)CpG@HFn(+)的粒径检测;(E)蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)与野生型HFn的CpG装载能力对比;(F)装载CpG后,蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)与野生型HFn的蛋白回收率对比。
图5miRNA@HFn(+)的制备及表征。(A)蛋白笼纳米载体HF n(+)与野生型HFn的miRNA装载能力对比;(B)装载miRNA后,蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)与野生型HFn的蛋白回收率对比。
图6siRNA@HFn(+)的制备及表征。(A)蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)与野生型HFn的siRNA装载能力对比;(B)装载siRNA后,蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)与野生型HFn的蛋白回收率对比。
图7CpG@HFn(+)的细胞摄取效率及免疫激活功能评价。(A)CLSM分析DC细胞中CpG摄取情况;(B-C)CLSM分析及定量DC细胞中CpG摄取情况;(D)CpG@HFn(+)处理后DC细胞的表面活化标志分子CD80和CD86的表达情况;(E-F)CpG@HFn(+)处理后DC细胞分泌细胞因子TNFα和IL-6情况。
图8CpG@HFn(+)对4T1乳腺癌的抗肿瘤功效及体内免疫激活作用。(A-B)原位瘤和远位瘤的肿瘤体积;(C)小鼠体重;(D-E)血清中细胞因子IL-6和TNFα水平。
图9HFn(+)的体内肿瘤靶向蓄积情况。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,因此只是作为示例,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。需要注意的是,除非另有说明,本申请使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
实施例1内腔正点突变铁蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)重组质粒的构建
基于蛋白笼内表面氨基酸突变进行设计:通过基因工程手段对位于HFn内表面的负电氨基酸进行点突变,即用带正电的赖氨酸和精氨酸特异性替换HFn亚基第61、64、140和147位的谷氨酸,具体突变为E61K/E64R/E140K/E147K。根据HFn(+)的氨基酸序列(SEQ IDNo.2)设计出其cDNA序列,将其克隆到具有NdeI和BamHI限制酶切位点的大肠杆菌(E.coli)表达载体pET30a质粒上,经DN A测序鉴定序列正确。
基于铁蛋白C端修饰正电肽功能性基序进行设计:通过基因工程手段将铁蛋白C端的E螺旋替换为带有正电肽的功能性基序。根据HFn(+)的氨基酸序列(SEQ ID No.3)设计出其cDNA序列,将其克隆到具有NdeI和BamHI限制酶切位点的E.coli表达载体pET22b质粒上,经DNA测序鉴定序列正确。
基于铁蛋白C端修饰核酸结合肽功能性基序进行设计:通过基因工程手段将铁蛋白C端的E螺旋替换为带有核酸结合肽的功能性基序。根据HFn(+)的氨基酸序列(SEQ IDNo.4)设计出其cDNA序列,将其克隆到具有NdeI和BamHI限制酶切位点的E.coli表达载体pET22b质粒上,经DNA测序鉴定序列正确。
基于铁蛋白C端修饰细胞穿透肽功能性基序进行设计:通过基因工程手段将铁蛋白C端的E螺旋替换为带有细胞穿透肽的功能性基序。根据HFn(+)的氨基酸序列(SEQ IDNo.5)设计出其cDNA序列,将其克隆到具有NdeI和BamHI限制酶切位点的E.coli表达载体pET22b质粒上,经DNA测序鉴定序列正确。
实施例2内腔正点突变铁蛋白笼纳米载体的构建
HFn(+)蛋白表达:将上述所得质粒转化入表达菌株BL21(DE3)中,并在含100mg/L卡那霉素或氨苄霉素的LB培养基中生长扩增,添加终浓度为0.5mM IPTG,在30℃,200rpm环境下培养9.5h进行蛋白诱导表达。
HFn(+)蛋白纯化:收集菌液,4000g离心收集菌体,菌体用20mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)缓冲液重悬。高压均质破菌后,12000g离心去除大肠杆菌残片,收集上清液置于72℃水浴中加热15分钟,变性沉淀绝大部分杂蛋白。12000g离心收集上清。上清液先经过阴离子交换柱Q-Sepharose Fast Flow进行初步纯化,再用superdex 200分子筛进行进一步纯化。用BCA法测定野生型HFn及突变体HFn(+)的蛋白浓度,用15%SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定HFn及HFn(+)纯度,用Native-PAGE电泳鉴定突变体HFn(+)的24聚体组装情况,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和动态光散射(DLS)进一步表征HFn(+)的形貌及粒径大小。
对实验结果进行分析,如图2和图3显示,SDS-PAGE结果显示表明,突变体HFn(+)的蛋白条带出现在21kDa分子量处,与理论值保持一致。在Native-PAGE胶上,突变体HFn(+)和野生型HFn的蛋白条带处于相似位置,说明内腔改造并不会影响铁蛋白的组装能力,HFn(+)亚基可顺利自组装形成24聚体。TEM和DLS分析显示内腔正电氨基酸突变以及C端修饰的突变体HFn(+)具有直径13nm左右的纳米笼状结构。
实施例3蛋白笼纳米载体装载ssDNA小核酸药物(以CpG为例)的方法
CpG ODN是具有单链DNA结构的寡聚核苷酸,是Toll样受体9激动剂,以下具体描述基于蛋白笼纳米载体进行CpG ODN包载的方法:在HCl溶液(pH 1-3)加入等体积10mg/mL蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)溶液,充分混匀后,4℃共孵育30-45分钟,在强酸环境下介导蛋白笼解聚。取CpG ODN溶液与Na2CO3/NaHCO3溶液(pH 8-10)预混,随后加入到蛋白笼的酸解聚体系中充分混匀,中和体系至中性(pH 6.5-7.5),4℃共孵育1-2小时。取出后对样品溶液进行超滤以除去游离核酸。最后,用Qubit 4Fluorometer的ssDNA和Protein试剂盒分别定量CpG及铁蛋白的浓度,并计算CpG@HFn(+)的CpG装载率及铁蛋白回收率。用TEM表征CpG@HFn(+)的形貌;用Native-PAGE电泳鉴定CpG@HFn(+)的24聚体组装情况;用DLS表征CpG@HFn(+)纳米粒的粒径大小。
对实验结果进行分析,如图4所示,TEM表征和Native-PAGE鉴定结果均表明,在基于pH法内腔装载CpG ODN之后,CpG@HF n(+)依旧可以成功再组装成24聚体的纳米笼状结构。DLS分析表明CpG@HFn(+)的纳米尺寸相较于未装载CpG的HFn(+)有小幅度增大,平均粒径在14nm左右。在核酸能力方面,内腔正电改造的HFn(+)的CpG装载率平均为3.4±0.4个CpG分子/每铁蛋白分子,是野生型HFn的12倍左右(HFn装载率是0.3±0.1个CpG分子/每铁蛋白分子),铁蛋白的核酸装载能力得到了大幅度提升。与此同时,内腔改造不影响铁蛋白笼自身的稳定性,HFn(+)的蛋白回收率基本和野生型HFn保持一致。
实施例4蛋白笼纳米载体装载ssRNA小核酸药物(以miRNA为例)的方法
miRNA是具有单链RNA结构的寡聚核苷酸,以下具体描述基于蛋白笼纳米载体进行miRNA包载的方法:在HCl溶液(pH 1-3)加入等体积蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)溶液,充分混匀后,4℃共孵育30-45分钟,在强酸环境下介导蛋白笼解聚。取miRNA溶液与Na2CO3/NaHCO3溶液(pH 8-10)预混,随后加入到蛋白笼的酸解聚体系中充分混匀,中和体系至中性(pH 6.5-7.5),4℃共孵育2小时。取出后对样品溶液进行超滤以除去游离miRNA药物。最后,用Qub it4Fluorometer的micro RNA和Protein试剂盒分别定量miRNA及铁蛋白的浓度,并计算miRNA@HFn(+)的miRNA装载率及铁蛋白回收率。
对实验结果进行分析,结果如图5所示,蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)的miRNA装载率平均为2.43±0.19个miRNA分子/每铁蛋白分子,是野生型HFn的7倍左右(HFn装载率是0.34±0.07个miRNA分子/每铁蛋白分子),铁蛋白的核酸装载能力得到了大幅度提升。与此同时,内腔改造不影响铁蛋白笼自身的稳定性,HFn(+)的蛋白回收率基本和野生型HFn保持一致。
实施例5蛋白笼纳米载体装载dsRNA小核酸药物(以siRNA为例)的方法
siRNA是具有双链RNA结构的寡聚核苷酸,以下具体描述基于蛋白笼纳米载体进行siRNA包载的方法:在HCl溶液(pH 1-2)加入等体积蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)溶液,充分混匀后,4℃共孵育30-45分钟,在强酸环境下介导蛋白笼解聚。取siRNA溶液与NaOH溶液(pH8.5-9.5)预混,随后加入到蛋白笼的酸解聚体系中充分混匀,中和体系至中性(pH 6.5-7.5),4℃共孵育1.5小时。取出后对样品溶液进行超滤以除去游离siRNA药物。最后,用Qubit 4Fl uorometer的BR RNA和Protein试剂盒分别定量siRNA及铁蛋白的浓度,并计算HFn(+)的siRNA装载率及蛋白回收率。
对实验结果进行分析,结果如图6所示,蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)的siRNA装载率平均为2.01±0.28个siRNA分子/每铁蛋白分子,是野生型HFn的7倍左右(HFn装载率平均是0.40±0.08个siRNA分子/每铁蛋白分子),铁蛋白笼的核酸装载能力得到了大幅度提升。与此同时,内腔改造不影响铁蛋白笼自身的稳定性,HFn(+)的蛋白回收率基本和野生型HFn保持一致。
实施例6HFn(+)纳米载体对CpG的细胞摄取效率及免疫激活功能的促进(体外细胞验证)
DC细胞摄取:(1)荧光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)法评价:首先合成FAM绿色荧光标记的FAM-CpG ODN分子。将DC2.4铺于共聚焦小皿,对照组和实验组分别加入Free FAM-CpG和FAM-CpG@HFn(+),其中二者CpG浓度均为1μM。在共孵育1h和2h后分别取出,用DAPI对细胞核进行染色,用CLSM观察DC细胞内部的FA M CpG荧光以表征细胞摄取情况。(2)流式细胞法评价:将DC2.4铺板12孔板,与Free FAM-CpG和CpG@HFn(+)置于37℃共孵育4h后收集各组细胞,用流式细胞仪检测FAM-CpG荧光并进行定量分析。
DC细胞激活:(1)流式细胞法检测表面活化Marker:将DC2.4铺板12孔板,分别与PBS、HFn(+)、CpG以及CpG@HFn(+)在37℃共孵育。24h后收集细胞,用FITC-CD80和APC-CD86荧光染料进行细胞染色,用流式细胞仪检测CD80+CD86+细胞。(2)ELISA检测细胞免疫激活相关的细胞因子。将小鼠骨髓来源DC细胞(BM DC)铺于24孔板,分别与PBS、HFn(+)、CpG以及CpG@HFn(+)共作用。37℃孵育8h(用于TNF-α)或24h(用于IL-6)后,吸出各孔上清,用ELISA试剂盒检测细胞培养上清液中TNFα及IL-6浓度。
对实验结果进行分析,结果如图7所示,从CLSM和流式分析结果可见,由于亲水性和负电性,游离核酸的难以透过细胞质膜被细胞摄取,因此在游离CpG组的DC细胞中几乎观察不到FAM CpG荧光。CpG@HFn(+)实验组中,CpG借助于蛋白笼纳米载体的细胞摄取作用,更有效透过细胞质膜,可在DC细胞内部观察到明显FAM CpG荧光。流式定量分析显示DC细胞中CpG@HFn(+)的CpG摄取量是游离CpG ODN的4倍。同时,相较于游离CpG,CpG@HFn(+)处理后DC细胞表面活化标志分子CD80和CD86表达明显上调,免疫激活细胞因子TNFα和IL-6分泌量也显著增多,说明蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)可以有效促进CpG发挥免疫激活的生物学作用。
实施例7蛋白笼纳米载体增强CpG的抗肿瘤及免疫激活功能(体内药效验证)
抗肿瘤药效评价(双侧瘤模型):在Balb/C雌鼠的左侧背部皮下注射1×106个4T1细胞/只,构建4T1皮下瘤模型。将4T1荷瘤小鼠随机分组,并分别静脉给药PBS、HFn(+)、FreeCpG和CpG@HF n(+),其中CpG给药剂量为0.5mg/Kg。给药后24h,再在右侧背部皮下注射1×105个4T1细胞/只,构建4T1远位瘤。每隔两天对小鼠的双侧肿瘤体积及体重进行检测记录。
血清细胞因子检测:取4T1荷瘤小鼠,随机分组,各组分别静脉给药PBS、HFn(+)、Free CpG和CpG@HFn(+),其中CpG给药剂量为0.5mg/Kg。7天后对小鼠进行摘眼球取血,用ELISA试剂盒对血清中TNF-α和IL-6水平进行检测。
对实验结果进行分析,如图8所示,体内抗肿瘤药效结果表明,游离CpG由于血浆稳定性差和生物利用率低,在体内未显示出肿瘤抑制作用。虽然HFn(+)载体本身不具有抗肿瘤作用,但是以HFn(+)作为核酸载体的CpG@HFn(+)对原位肿瘤表现出抗肿瘤效果,同时具有远端肿瘤抑制效应,可以观察到对远位瘤的生长抑制作用。血清中细胞因子检测表明,相较于游离CpG,CpG@HFn(+)可以更有效引发全身性免疫激活。此外,铁蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)和CpG@HFn(+)具有良好的体内安全性,均未引起体重减轻等副作用。
实施例8蛋白笼纳米载体HFn(+)的体内肿瘤靶向性
为了对HFn(+)进行体内生物分布研究,用荧光分子Cy5.5预先对铁蛋白纳米载体进行标记。建立4T1皮下瘤小鼠模型,通过尾静脉注射等量的Cy5.5@HFn和Cy5.5@HFn(+)。注射1、2和4小时后,通过IVIS光谱成像系统对小鼠进行在体近红外成像。
体内分析结果表明,如图9所示,仅对内腔进行改造并不会影响铁蛋白外表面对肿瘤组织的特异性识别,HFn(+)保持有和野生型HF n一样的肿瘤靶向蓄积能力。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。
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Claims (24)
1.一种小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括将所述铁蛋白笼内腔电荷性进行由负转正的改变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述改变包括以下步骤,
(A)将空间上分布于所述铁蛋白内表面的带负电或不带电氨基酸突变为带正电氨基酸,和/或,
(B)将铁蛋白C端的E螺旋替换为具有核酸亲和力的功能肽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(A)中突变位点为Glu61,Glu64,Glu140和Glu147。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(A)中带正电氨基酸选自精氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸的任一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(B)中的替换为以下任意一种或多种,
(a)将所述铁蛋白C端的E螺旋替换为带有正电肽的功能性基序,
(b)将所述铁蛋白C端的E螺旋替换为带有核酸结合肽的功能性基序,
(c)将所述铁蛋白C端的E螺旋替换为带有细胞穿透肽的功能性基序。
6.根据权利5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述带有正电肽的功能性基序序列如SEQID NO.7(GRKKRRQRRR)所示。
7.根据权利5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述带有核酸结合肽的功能性基序序列如SEQ ID NO.8(QSTEKGAADKARRKSA)所示。
8.根据权利5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,带有细胞穿透肽的功能性基序序列如SEQID NO.9(YWHHHHH)或SEQ ID NO.10
(KHHHKHHHKHHHKHHH)所示。
9.一种权利要求1-8任一所述的制备方法制备获得的小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体,其特征在于,所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体内腔带正电。
10.根据权利要求9所述的小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体,其特征在于,所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体含有突变位点为Glu61,Glu64,Glu140和Glu147。
11.根据权利要求9所述的小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体,其特征在于,所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体含有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO.7-10中任意一种或多种。
12.根据权利要求9所述的小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体,其特征在于,所述小核酸药物为包括但不限于ssDNA、ASO、siRNA、shRNA、miRNA、mRNA、IncRNA、核酸适配体等。
13.根据权利要求9所述的小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体,其特征在于,所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.2-6中任意一种。
14.根据权利要求9所述的小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体,其特征在于,所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体的小核酸药物装载量为2-8个核酸分子/每个蛋白笼,优选为5-6个。
15.一种小核酸药物递送系统,其特征在于,所述小核酸药物递送系统包括权利要求9-14任一所述的小核酸递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体和小核酸药物。
16.根据权利要求15所述的递送系统,其特征在于,所述铁蛋白笼纳米载体与小核酸药物的摩尔质量比为1:2~1:10,优选的,摩尔质量比为1:5。
17.一种采用权利要求15-16任一所述的小核酸药物递送系统包载小核酸药物的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤,
步骤S1、制备并纯化权利要求15所述的小核酸药物递送系统中的铁蛋白笼纳米载体;
步骤S2、将所述小核酸药物溶解于DEPC水,稀释成一定浓度;
步骤S3、将步骤S1获得的铁蛋白笼纳米载体加入pH 1-3的酸性缓冲液中,4℃共孵育30-45分钟,获得酸解聚体系;
步骤S4、将步骤S2配置的小核酸药物溶液加入pH 9-11的碱性缓冲液中,混合均匀后,加入步骤S3所得的酸解聚体系,4℃共孵育1-3小时,以重组装内腔包载有小核酸药物的铁蛋白纳米笼,即得。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中所述的酸性缓冲液为HCl溶液,优选为pH 1.5-1.6的HCl溶液。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中所述的碱性缓冲液包括但不限于Na2CO3/NaHCO3、Na2CO3、NaHCO3、Tris、NaOH溶液等,优选的,碱性缓冲液为pH 9-10的Na2CO3/NaHCO3溶液。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中的铁蛋白笼纳米载体与小核酸药物制备的投料摩尔质量比为1:2~1:10,优选的,摩尔质量比为1:5。
21.权利要求9-14任一所述的小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体、权利要求15-16任一所述的小核酸药物递送系统在药物递送中的应用。
22.根据权利要求21所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物为小核酸药物。
23.根据权利要求21所述的应用,其特征在于,所述小核酸药物包括但不限于ssDNA、ASO、siRNA、shRNA、miRNA、mRNA、IncRNA、核酸适配体等。
24.权利要求9-14任一所述的小核酸药物递送铁蛋白笼纳米载体、权利要求15-16任一所述的小核酸药物递送系统在制备抗肿瘤、抗病毒及相关基因疾病治疗的药物中的应用。
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