CN1175201C - 一种流体催化处理装置 - Google Patents

一种流体催化处理装置 Download PDF

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CN1175201C
CN1175201C CNB018053300A CN01805330A CN1175201C CN 1175201 C CN1175201 C CN 1175201C CN B018053300 A CNB018053300 A CN B018053300A CN 01805330 A CN01805330 A CN 01805330A CN 1175201 C CN1175201 C CN 1175201C
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弗雷德里克·施特勒默尔
拉尔斯·弗格尔伯格
斯文·安德松
托马斯·达尔伯格
���ɶ��ؼ�����
奥克·纳尔弗格伦
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种对流体进行催化处理及在催化处理之前或之后在第一流体介质和第二流体之间进行热交换的装置。所述装置包括一种类型的板式热交换器(1)，其中，板(2)以焊接或铜焊的方式相互硬性连接。催化剂载运件(2 1)可拆卸性地安装到板式热交换器(1)上且凸伸入热交换器(1)的一个口(7)中。

Description

一种流体催化处理装置
本发明涉及一种对流体进行催化处理及在催化处理之前或之后在所述流体和一种独立的流体介质之间进行热交换的装置。所述装置包括一个板式热交换器，该板式热交换器具有至少两个独立的回路以在流体介质之间进行热量交换。所述回路是由多个相互连接的叠置板确定的。所述板式热交换器具有为每个回路所用的一个入口和一个出口。每个入口和出口与延伸入热交换器的通常为筒形的端口相连通，所述筒形端口与热交换器板的总体方向基本垂直。所述筒形端口与所述回路之一相联通。
例如，利用具有燃烧器的锅炉对具有空气的气体燃料或对具有空气的雾化液体燃料进行催化燃烧来提供清洁的热水和用于室内加热的水是公知的。所排出的气体在离开锅炉的燃烧室之后通过一个热交换器。催化燃烧可提供有效的燃烧而产生非常清洁的排放气体。特别是NOx的含量非常低。在一个板式热交换器中，在排放气体和将被加热的水之间进行高效热交换的技术也是已知的。催化燃烧器和板式热交换器的组合必定可产生一种能将清洁燃烧、结构紧凑和设计重量轻等优点结合起来的装置。
对于高温应用来说，通过铜焊或焊接的方式将交换器的板结合在一起可最有效地制造板式热交换器。但是，进行催化燃烧通常所用的催化剂包含贵重金属或金属氧化物，在高温焊接或铜焊处理过程中，所述贵重金属或金属氧化物可能受到被蒸发的材料的负面影响。因此，在板式热交换器的制造过程中包含有催化剂材料是不可行的。
根据本发明，热交换器的至少一个端口包含密封的线网式催化剂元件，该线网式催化剂元件在实际的端口处与热交换器的开口可分离性地相连，这样，穿过端口的流体同时穿过线网式催化剂元件。
在利用该装置燃烧如具有空气的天然气或雾化液体燃料的情况下，所述线网式催化剂元件和用于燃烧具有空气的燃料的点火器一起安装在板式热交换器的一个入口中。
但是，在蒸发如甲基酒精所用的装置中，可利用与在板式热交换器中安装催化剂元件的方式相同的方式，然后，如果所述线网式催化剂元件是安装在热交换器的出口处而对在板式热交换器中的已预热的流体进行催化裂解，则随后对所述甲基酒精进行催化裂解。甲基酒精的裂解将产生氢气，该氢气可被用于下述的燃料室中以提供电能。
参考附图，下面通过对一个优选实施例的描述而对本发明进行更详细的解释以实现本发明的优点，其中：
图1所示为根据本发明的装置的透视图，该装置燃烧具有空气的燃料以加热家庭用水；
图2所示为沿图1中的II-II线所作的剖视图；
图3所示为图1和图2所示装置中的两个相邻的热交换器板的透视图，所示的板是相互分离的；
图4所示为图2中的燃烧器的部件的透视和分解视图；
图5所示为在图2所示类型的装置中所用的催化燃烧器的一个变更
实施例的剖视图。
如图1和图2所示，板式热交换器1包括多个叠置板2，所述叠置板2限定了两个独立的通道系统以在其间适用两种不同的流体介质。如图3所示，每个板2均布置有四个孔3、4、5和6，所述的四个孔将在叠置的板中限定四个端口：用于热交换的两种介质中的每一种均使用一个入口和一个出口。图2所示的入口7用于燃料和空气的燃烧所产生的排放气体，而出口8则为以较低的温度离开所述装置的气体所用。图1中的附图标号9指示的是一个将被加热的水的入口，而标号10指示的是被加热的水的出口。
如图2所详细显示的那样，用于引入燃料和空气的金属管11固定在一个凸缘12上，凸缘12再通过螺栓14与叠置板2中的端板13相配合。形状为球形的一部分的第一透气网15与金属管11的下端相连。金属管11的下端还带有一个金属密封板16，金属密封板16在一个径向平面中延伸且带有一个第二管状透气网17。所述第二管状透气网17带有一个板形金属密封板18，直径大于第二网17的一个第三管状网19从金属密封板向上延伸且与板16刚性连接。电子点火器20附加在凸缘12上而用于启动燃烧过程。部件11、12和15-20形成一个燃烧器单元21，由于该燃烧器单元21是通过螺栓14来连接的，因此，它可被拆卸且易于更换。图4中独立显示了该单元21，但是，其中的部件是分开画出的。
可透气网15、17和19优选采用一种金属线网，该金属线网是以所销售的商业名称为Kanthal的合金为基础的，该合金主要包括铁、铬和铝而被广泛应用于高温电加热线圈中。该线网带有陶瓷如硅或氧化铝覆层，该覆层再涂上一层催化材料如钯组金属或一种适当的金属氧化物。外层网19的直径稍微小于端口7的直径，端口7为由气体和空气混合物的燃烧而形成的燃烧气体所用且由板2中的孔3限定的。孔3的直径优选大于其余板孔4-6的直径。
端口7和出口8通过由板2限定的通道来连通，这在双回路板式热交换器中是很常用的。出口8与一个排放气体出口管22相连通。为将被加热的水所用的入口9和水出口10经由板2形成的通道相连通，该通道与将排放气体引导过板式热交换器所用的通道相邻。
图1-4中所示的装置将按下述步骤运行：
燃料(如天然气或雾化的液体燃料)和空气的混合物向下穿过管11且将进入由第一和第二催化剂网15和17限定的空间。在此处，由电子点火器20点燃燃料和空气的混合物，电子点火器20是一个火花塞或一种常用类型的电加热线圈。由燃料  空气混合物穿过所述的三个网15、17和19完成燃烧。最高的燃烧温度将达到约800℃。燃烧气体经由在板2形成的相间隔的每个通道而穿过板式热交换器。其余的通道用于将由燃烧气体加热的水流。就如在本领域中已知的那样：与其体积相对照，板式热交换器可具有较大的热交换能力，经由排放气体出口管22而离开该装置的排放气体所具有的温度只比被加热水的温度高几摄氏度。就如已知的那样，可利用最少量的空气来进行催化燃烧，并产生非常清洁的排放气体一即使考虑其中含有的NOx成份。这样就可得到较高的热效率。
由于燃烧器单元21布置在端口7中，因此，上述装置具有非常紧凑的设计尺寸。所述单元21的安装方式可使板2通过铜焊或焊接的方式结合在一起而与催化剂容纳网15、17和19相分离。从端口7至出口8的燃烧气体流将按照由所述路径产生的流动阻力所限定的路径进行流动。最短的距离可产生最小的阻力。为利用整个热交换器的容积，利用具有不同厚度的第三网19是很有优势的，即距出口8最近的网19的部分由双层线网制成。图5中显示了这种情况，其中，距出口8最近的网19的部分附加有一个网部件19a。在需要的情况下，单元21易于更换，相对于其加热能力来说，内置式催化剂燃烧器和板式热交换器的组合具有明显较低的重量和较小的容积。
所示的装置可用于对需要预热的流体在催化裂解之前进行催化裂解，例如，可将甲醇引入管22中，并由从最初的出口10流至最初的入口9而穿过热交换器的热水来预热。当被预热的甲醇穿过催化剂网19、17和15时，它将被裂解。经过管11而离开装置的流体以后可成为在燃烧室中应用的氧气和氢气源。
                         顺序列表
1.板式热交换器    7.端口      13.端板      19.第三网
2.板              8.出口      14.螺栓      20.点火器
3.孔              9.进水口    15.第一网    21.燃烧器单元
4.孔              10.出水口   16.密封板    22.气管
5.孔              11.管子     17.第二网
6.孔              12.凸缘     18.密封板

Claims (7)

1.一种对流体进行催化处理及在催化处理之前或之后在所述流体和分离的流体介质之间进行热交换所用的装置，所述装置包括：
一个板式热交换器(1)，该热交换器具有至少两个独立的回路以在流体介质之间交换热量，所述回路是由多个相互叠置的板(2)限定的；
所述板式热交换器(1)具有用于每个回路的入口(9，11)和出口(10，22)；
每个所述入口(9，11)和出口(10，22)与一端口(7，8)相连通，端口(7，8)与热交换器板(2)的总体方向基本垂直而延伸入板式热交换器(1)中，每个端口(7，8)与一个回路相连通，
其特征在于：所述端口(7)的至少一个包含一密封的线网式催化剂元件(21)，该线网式催化剂元件(21)可拆卸地与在端口(7)处的热交换器(1)的开口相连，这样，穿过所述端口(7)的流体同时穿过线网式催化剂元件(21)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述线网式催化剂元件(21)与一个点火器(20)一起安装在板式热交换器的端口(7)中，所述点火器(20)用于燃烧带有空气的燃料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述线网式催化剂元件(21)安装在热交换器(1)的端口(7)处以对在板式热交换器(1)中预热的流体进行催化裂解。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的装置，其特征在于：所述线网式催化剂元件(21)包括在流动路径中顺次布置的至少两个独立的线网式催化剂(15，17，19)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于：所述线网式催化剂中的至少一个(17，19)通常为管形且延伸穿过端口(7)的几乎整个长度。
6.根据权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于：所述两个线网式催化剂中的一个(15)一部分为球形。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述线网式催化剂(15，17，19)包含支承在陶瓷上的钯(Pd)组的一种金属或一种适当的金属氧化物，所述陶瓷又由一个耐热金属网或耐热金属合金网来承载。
CNB018053300A 2000-02-24 2001-02-08 一种流体催化处理装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1175201C (zh)

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US20030051865A1 (en) 2003-03-20
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