CN117512280A - Forging and heat treatment process for marine high-speed propeller shaft - Google Patents

Forging and heat treatment process for marine high-speed propeller shaft Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117512280A
CN117512280A CN202311602225.XA CN202311602225A CN117512280A CN 117512280 A CN117512280 A CN 117512280A CN 202311602225 A CN202311602225 A CN 202311602225A CN 117512280 A CN117512280 A CN 117512280A
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China
Prior art keywords
forging
steel ingot
heating
propeller shaft
heat preservation
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CN202311602225.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张晶
周鹏
王风帆
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Wuxi Jiping New Material Technology Co ltd
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Wuxi Jiping New Material Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202311602225.XA priority Critical patent/CN117512280A/en
Publication of CN117512280A publication Critical patent/CN117512280A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34Methods of heating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/28Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a forging and heat treatment process of a marine high-speed propeller shaft, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, smelting raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise Cr in percentage by weight: 22.5-23%, ni:5.0-6.0%, N:0.15-0.2%; s2, heating the steel ingot obtained in the step S1, and then completing a forging process, wherein the forging process comprises 2 fires; s3, heat treating the forging obtained in the step S2; and S4, mechanically finishing the forging piece obtained in the step S3. According to the invention, the internal quality of the forging is improved by improving the components, the structure and the forging process of the steel ingot, grains are refined, the overall mechanical property is improved, and the non-uniformity is eliminated, so that the service life of the obtained marine high-speed propeller shaft is greatly prolonged.

Description

Forging and heat treatment process for marine high-speed propeller shaft
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging treatment, in particular to a forging and heat treatment process of a marine high-speed propeller shaft.
Background
S22053 is ultra-low carbon duplex stainless steel, is composed of 50% austenite and 50% ferrite duplex, is the highest-grade Cr 22-type high-alloy super duplex stainless steel in the austenite-ferrite duplex stainless steel, and is most suitable for resisting seawater corrosion, seawater scouring corrosion, and being used in mediums rich in chloride ions and certain acid mediums. At present, the S22053 steel series can be made into pipe, strip, bar, wire and other sectional materials and products thereof (such as various pipe fittings of seawater filters, shaped elbows, valves and the like), and has been widely applied to ships, chemical devices and nuclear power devices.
With the tremendous development of national offshore forces, the application of such materials is also increasing. Such duplex stainless steels find increasing use in devices exposed to seawater, just as they have a high corrosion resistance. The service life of the product is greatly prolonged, and the performance of the product is improved on the premise of ensuring the welding performance. The research and development of the project has a wide market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a forging and heat treatment process for a high-speed propeller shaft for a ship, so as to obtain the high-speed propeller shaft for the ship, which has greatly prolonged service life.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a forging and heat treatment process of a marine high-speed propeller shaft comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise Cr in percentage by weight: 22.5-23%, ni:5.0-6.0%, N:0.15-0.2%;
s2, heating the steel ingot obtained in the step S1, and then completing a forging process, wherein the forging process comprises 2 fires;
s3, heat treating the forging obtained in the step S2;
s4, mechanically finishing the forging piece obtained in the step S3;
in S2, the forging process for 2 heats is specifically as follows:
s21, first firing time: forging the steel ingot obtained in the step S1 at 1140-1160 ℃, sequentially drawing and upsetting the steel ingot, wherein the final forging temperature is not less than 6500 ℃; wherein the total elongation ratio is greater than 2.2; the total upsetting ratio is greater than 2.2;
s22, second firing time: forging the steel ingot obtained in the step S21 at 1120-1140 ℃, and drawing, upsetting and drawing the forging to form the forging, wherein the final forging temperature is not less than 900 ℃; wherein the drawing ratio is more than 4.5, and the upsetting ratio is more than 2.2.
Further, after the first heat is finished, the steel ingot is placed into a forging heating furnace for heating, the heating temperature is 1130-1150 ℃, the heating time is positively related to the thickness of the steel ingot, and each 100mm thick steel ingot is heated for 1-1.2h.
Further, after the second heat is finished, the steel ingot is placed in a forging heating furnace for heating, the heating temperature is 1130-1150 ℃, the heating time is positively related to the thickness of the steel ingot, and each 200mm thick steel ingot is heated for 1-1.2h.
Further, the heat treatment process includes the steps of:
s31, water cooling treatment after forging: placing the forging piece obtained in the step S2 in cooling water, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is less than 60 ℃;
s32, mechanically roughing the forging piece obtained in the step S31;
s33, a solid solution process.
Further, in the solid solution process, the solid solution temperature is 1080-1120 ℃, the heat preservation time is positively related to the thickness of the forging, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-1.7min for each 1mm thickness of the forging; and discharging the forging piece from the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and cooling the forging piece with water.
Further, in the solid solution process, the forging is placed in flowing water to finish the cooling process, the interval time from the discharging of the forging to the cooling is not more than 2min, and the water temperature of cooling water after solid solution is not more than 40 ℃.
Further, the solid solution, heat preservation and water cooling process in S33 are repeated for not more than 2 times.
Further, the heating process in S2 specifically includes the following steps:
a. charging, wherein the charging temperature is not more than 400 ℃;
b. heating to 400-800 deg.c with maximum heating power;
c. the heat preservation process comprises 2 heat preservation stages, wherein the heat preservation temperature in the first stage is 860 ℃ and the heat preservation temperature in the second stage is 1160 ℃; the heat preservation time of each heat preservation stage is positively related to the thickness of the steel ingot, and the heat preservation time of the steel ingot with the thickness of 100mm is 1.2-1.5h.
Further, the raw materials comprise the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: c: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, mn: less than or equal to 2.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.020%, si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, and the balance being Fe and impurities.
Further, the raw materials are sequentially subjected to the treatment processes of an arc furnace, external refining and electroslag remelting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the internal quality of the forging is improved by improving the components, the structure and the forging process of the steel ingot, grains are refined, the overall mechanical property is improved, and the non-uniformity is eliminated, so that the service life of the obtained marine high-speed propeller shaft is greatly prolonged.
Drawings
The disclosure of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the drawings are designed solely for the purposes of illustration and not as a definition of the limits of the invention. In the drawings, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a forging and heat treatment process flow of a marine high-speed propeller shaft;
fig. 2-3 schematically show the metallographic structure of a marine high-speed propeller shaft.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that, according to the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art may propose various alternative structural modes and implementation modes without changing the true spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, the following detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed.
As shown in fig. 1, a forging and heat treatment process for a marine high-speed propeller shaft comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting raw materials, wherein the smelting process comprises the processing procedures of electromagnetic furnace smelting, external refining and electroslag remelting of the raw materials in sequence;
the raw materials comprise the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, mn: less than or equal to 2.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S less than or equal to 0.020%, si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, cr:22.5-23%, ni:5.0-6.0%, N:0.15-0.2%; mo:3.0 to 3.5 percent, and the balance being Fe and impurities;
by means of smelting, the components of chemical elements in the forge piece are strictly controlled within a required range, compared with the industry standard with standard file number GB/T1220 in the prior art, the invention adjusts the contents of Cr, ni and N, the contents of the elements are properly improved and controlled, the element effectively improves the forgeability, the strength Ni of the product is adjusted to be 5.0-6.0%, the N is controlled to be 0.15-0.2%, and the Cr is controlled to be 22.5-23%.
S2, completing the forging process after forging and heating the steel ingot obtained in the step S1,
the forging heating process specifically comprises the following steps:
a. charging, wherein the charging temperature is not more than 400 ℃;
b. heating to 400-800 deg.c with maximum heating power;
c. the heat preservation process comprises 2 heat preservation stages, wherein the heat preservation temperature in the first stage is 860 ℃ and the heat preservation temperature in the second stage is 1160 ℃; the heat preservation time of each heat preservation stage is positively related to the thickness of the steel ingot, and the heat preservation time of the steel ingot with the thickness of 100mm is 1.2-1.5h.
Through the forging heating process, the linear element structure in the steel ingot can be effectively reduced, the forging performance of the steel ingot is optimized, and the austenite grain size is thinned.
The forging process included 2 firings:
s21, first firing time: forging temperature is 1150-1170 ℃; in the first heat, sequentially drawing and upsetting the steel ingot obtained in the step S1; the final forging temperature is not less than 950 ℃; in the first heat, the total drawing ratio is more than 2.2, and the total upsetting ratio is more than 2.2; after the first fire is completed, placing the steel ingot into a forging furnace for heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1130-1150 ℃; the heating time is positively related to the thickness of the steel ingot, namely, the steel ingot with the thickness of 200mm is heated for 1-1.2h;
s22, second firing time: forging temperature is 1120-1140 ℃; in the second fire, drawing out, upsetting and drawing out the steel ingot; the final forging temperature is not less than 900 ℃; in the second heat, the drawing ratio is more than 4.5, and the upsetting ratio is more than 2.2; and immediately water-cooling the obtained forging piece after the second fire is finished.
The forging heating step comprises a 2-fire process, wherein the first fire makes the forging reach a great forging ratio, the internal quality of steel is improved through a large broken arm, the cast structure is eliminated, the internal structure of the forging is uniform, the phenomena of loosening and segregation can be improved or eliminated, and inclusions in the material can be effectively forged to be small or directly forged to be broken. Meanwhile, the grain size of the forging piece is finer when the heating between the fires and the final forging temperature are controlled in the forging process, and the grain refinement of the forging piece can improve the performance in more aspects, such as toughness, fatigue resistance and service life.
S3, heat treating the forging obtained in the step S2;
s31, water cooling treatment after forging: putting the obtained forging piece into circulating water for cooling; the water temperature must be less than 60 degrees;
s32, carrying out mechanical rough machining on the forge piece;
s33, solid solution process: the solid solution temperature is 1080-1120 ℃ in the solid solution process, the heat preservation time is positively related to the thickness of the forging, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-1.7min for each 1mm thickness of the forging; discharging from the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and cooling the forging by water, wherein the water temperature is required to be less than 40 ℃;
in the heat treatment step after forging, the crystal grains of the forging are guaranteed to be more uniformly refined by timely water cooling after forging, and the solid solution effect of the forging is guaranteed by controlling the water inlet time and the cooling water temperature during solid solution.
S4, mechanically finishing the forging piece obtained in the step S3;
the yield strength of the obtained propeller shaft forging is 564MPa, the tensile strength is 747MPa, the elongation after fracture is 37%, the area shrinkage is 81.5%, and the hardness value is 224-226 HB.
The technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to examples.
Example 1
The forging and heat treatment process of the marine high-speed propeller shaft comprises the following steps of: c:0.027%, mn:1.25%, P:0.028%, S:0.004%, si:0.38%, cr:22.59%, ni:4.96%, N:0.18%; mo:3.11%, the balance being Fe and impurities.
Taking the marine high-speed propeller shaft forging in the process to test the mechanical properties of the forging, wherein the metallographic structure is shown in figures 2-3, and the specific table is as follows:
project Sampling mode Yield strength (MPa) Tensile strength (MPa) Elongation after break (%) Area reduction (%) Hardness value (HB)
Specification of Longitudinal direction L ≥450 ≥655 ≥25 / ≤290
Actual practice is that of Longitudinal direction L 564 747 37 81.5 226/224/225
According to the analysis of the experimental results, on one hand, the contents of Cr, ni and N are adjusted, the hardenability of a metallographic structure is increased, grains can be further refined, and the refined grains can improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the forging piece; on the other hand, the forging heating process can effectively reduce the linear element structure in the steel ingot, optimize the forging performance of the steel ingot and refine the austenite grain size; and the forging step comprises the process of 2 times of fire, the grain size can be further refined by regulating and controlling the forging ratio, the heating between the times of fire and the final forging temperature, and the refined grain size can correspondingly improve the toughness of the forging, and the fatigue resistance is increased, so that the service life is prolonged.
The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above description, and those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and these changes and modifications should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The forging and heat treatment process of the marine high-speed propeller shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, smelting raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise Cr in percentage by weight: 22.5-23%, ni:5.0-6.0%, N:0.15-0.2%;
s2, heating the steel ingot obtained in the step S1, and then completing a forging process, wherein the forging process comprises 2 fires;
s3, heat treating the forging obtained in the step S2;
s4, mechanically finishing the forging piece obtained in the step S3;
in S2, the forging process for 2 heats is specifically as follows:
s21, first firing time: forging the steel ingot obtained in the step S1 at 1140-1160 ℃, sequentially drawing and upsetting the steel ingot, wherein the final forging temperature is not less than 950 ℃; wherein the total elongation ratio is greater than 2.2; the total upsetting ratio is greater than 2.2;
s22, second firing time: forging the steel ingot obtained in the step S21 at 1120-1140 ℃, and drawing, upsetting and drawing the forging to form the forging, wherein the final forging temperature is not less than 900 ℃; wherein the drawing ratio is more than 4.5, and the upsetting ratio is more than 2.2.
2. The forging and heat treatment process for a marine high-speed propeller shaft according to claim 1, wherein after the first firing is completed, the steel ingot is placed into a forging heating furnace for heating, the heating temperature is 1130-1150 ℃, the heating time is positively related to the thickness of the steel ingot, and the steel ingot is heated for 1-1.2h per 100mm thickness.
3. The forging and heat treatment process for a marine high-speed propeller shaft according to claim 2, wherein after the second firing is completed, the steel ingot is placed in a forging heating furnace for heating, the heating temperature is 1130-1150 ℃, the heating time is positively related to the thickness of the steel ingot, and the steel ingot is heated for 1-1.2h per 200mm thickness of the steel ingot.
4. The forging and heat treatment process for a marine high-speed propeller shaft according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the steps of:
s31, water cooling treatment after forging: placing the forging piece obtained in the step S2 in cooling water, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is less than 60 ℃;
s32, mechanically roughing the forging piece obtained in the step S31;
s33, a solid solution process.
5. The forging and heat treatment process for a marine high-speed propeller shaft according to claim 4, wherein in the solid solution process, the solid solution temperature is 1080-1120 ℃, the heat preservation time is positively correlated with the thickness of the forging, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-1.7min for each 1mm thick forging; and discharging the forging piece from the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and cooling the forging piece with water.
6. The process according to claim 5, wherein during the solid solution process, the forging is placed in flowing water to complete the cooling process, the interval time from the forging discharging to the cooling is not more than 2min, and the water temperature of the cooling water after the solid solution is not more than 40 ℃.
7. The forging and heat treatment process for a high-speed propeller shaft for a ship according to claim 6, wherein the solid solution, heat preservation and water cooling process in S33 is repeated for not more than 2 times.
8. The forging and heat treatment process for a marine high-speed propeller shaft according to claim 1, wherein the heating process in S2 specifically comprises the steps of:
a. charging, wherein the charging temperature is not more than 400 ℃;
b. heating to 400-800 deg.c with maximum heating power;
c. the heat preservation process comprises 2 heat preservation stages, wherein the heat preservation temperature in the first stage is 860 ℃ and the heat preservation temperature in the second stage is 1160 ℃; the heat preservation time of each heat preservation stage is positively related to the thickness of the steel ingot, and the heat preservation time of the steel ingot with the thickness of 100mm is 1.2-1.5h.
9. The forging and heat treatment process for a marine high-speed propeller shaft according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials comprise the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: c: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, mn: less than or equal to 2.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.020%, si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, and the balance being Fe and impurities.
10. The forging and heat treatment process for a high-speed propeller shaft for a ship according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials are sequentially subjected to the processes of arc furnace, external refining and electroslag remelting.
CN202311602225.XA 2023-11-28 2023-11-28 Forging and heat treatment process for marine high-speed propeller shaft Pending CN117512280A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311602225.XA CN117512280A (en) 2023-11-28 2023-11-28 Forging and heat treatment process for marine high-speed propeller shaft

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311602225.XA CN117512280A (en) 2023-11-28 2023-11-28 Forging and heat treatment process for marine high-speed propeller shaft

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117512280A true CN117512280A (en) 2024-02-06

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