CN112024798B - Forging and machining process of rear pipe forging for special ship - Google Patents
Forging and machining process of rear pipe forging for special ship Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forging and machining process of a special marine rear pipe body forge piece, belonging to the field of forge piece treatment processes, and the technical scheme is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1: smelting the raw materials to obtain a steel ingot; s2: forging and heating the steel ingot processed by the step S1; s3: the forging process includes three firing passes: the first fire time: the forging temperature is 1150-1170 ℃, and steel ingots are sequentially drawn out, upset, drawn out and upset; the second fire time: the forging temperature is 1130-1150 ℃, the steel ingot is punched in the second firing, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 880 ℃; the third fire time: the forging temperature is 1100-1120 ℃, in the third firing, the forming die is placed for rolling and drawing out, the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃, and after the third firing, the forged piece is embedded with sand and cooled; s4: and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the steel ingot subjected to the S3 treatment, wherein the heat treatment comprises the following steps: 1. annealing treatment after forging; 2. solid solution and aging processes; s5: machining the steel ingot; the invention has the advantages of refined grain structure and uniform crystal structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forging treatment processes, in particular to forging and machining process of a special marine rear pipe body forging.
Background
The precipitation hardening stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, and the corrosion resistance is superior to that of common martensitic stainless steel and similar to that of common austenitic stainless steel. It has good cutting performance, can be welded without preheating and can not be locally annealed after welding. It is mainly used for manufacturing corrosion-resistant and high-strength parts such as air compressor casings of jet engines and last-stage blades of large-scale steam turbines. The precipitation hardening stainless steel has been developed to meet the requirements of corrosion resistance and high strength. Many alloys were designed for a specific environment and their range of applications subsequently developed more and more. With the continuous innovation and development of smelting technology, the research and innovation of forging technology of precipitation hardening stainless steel are also proposed to meet the increasing demands of users for products.
With the rapid development of the building level of the domestic large ships, the requirements on the ship functionality are more and more. Since the precipitation hardening stainless steel has both corrosion resistance and high strength that the austenitic stainless steel does not have, the precipitation hardening stainless steel is used more and more widely in the field of marine forgings.
Chinese patent with application number CN201610654968.5 is currently published: a preparation method of a precipitation hardening type stainless steel seamless steel pipe comprises the following steps: a. heating in a ring furnace: the heating temperature is 1140-1160 ℃; b. punching by a puncher: perforating in a micro expanding mode; c. hot rolling: rolling the tube by adopting an A-R precision tube rolling unit; d. and (5) sizing to obtain the forged piece. However, in the traditional forging processing technology, the obtained crystal grains of the forging are coarse and uneven, so that the forging has the problems of poor corrosion resistance, fatigue and impact effect and easy deformation after mechanical processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide forging and a machining process of a special marine rear pipe body forge piece, which have the advantages of refining grain structures, enabling the internal structures of the forge piece to be more uniform and solving the quality problem of the forge piece caused by coarse grains.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a forging and machining process of a special marine rear pipe forging comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting the raw materials to obtain a steel ingot;
s2: forging and heating the steel ingot processed by the step S1;
s3: and (3) forging the steel ingot finished by the S2 treatment, wherein the forging process comprises three fire times:
the first fire time: the forging temperature is 1150-1170 ℃, and steel ingots are drawn out, upset, drawn out and upset in sequence in the first heating;
the second fire time: the forging temperature is 1130-1150 ℃, in the second heating, the steel ingot is punched, and the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 880 ℃;
the third fire time: the forging temperature is 1100-1120 ℃, in the third firing, the forming die is placed for rolling and drawing out, the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃, and after the third firing, the forged piece is embedded with sand and cooled;
s4: and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the steel ingot subjected to the S3 treatment, wherein the heat treatment comprises the following steps:
1. annealing treatment after forging: after forging, burying sand and cooling to room temperature, and placing in a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment; the annealing temperature is 650-680 ℃, the heat preservation time is in positive correlation with the wall thickness of the forge piece, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-1.7 min for each forge piece with the thickness of 1 mm; then cooling along with the furnace;
2. solid solution and aging processes; and (4) carrying out quenching and tempering treatment on the annealed forge piece after rough machining. In the solid solution process, the solid solution temperature is 1020-; then placing the mixture in a furnace for 12 hours for aging treatment; the aging temperature is 540-;
s5: and machining the steel ingot to obtain a rear pipe body forging.
Further, the rear pipe forging comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: c: less than or equal to 0.07 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S less than or equal to 0.030%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Cr: 15.5-17.5%, Ni: 3.0-5.0%, Cu: 3.0-5.0%, and the balance of Fe and impurities.
Further, in step S2, the forging stock is loaded in a furnace, and the loading temperature of the forging stock is less than 500 ℃; then the temperature of the forging stock is raised, the temperature raising speed is controlled below 600 ℃, and the temperature is raised quickly above 600 ℃ and below 100 ℃/H; and finally, preserving the heat of the forging stock at 860 ℃ and 1180 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is in positive correlation with the thickness of the steel ingot, and the steel ingot with the thickness of 100mm is heated for 0.8-1.2 hours.
Further, after the first heating time is finished, the steel ingot is placed into a forging heating furnace to be heated, the heating temperature is 1170 ℃, the heating time is positively correlated with the thickness of the steel ingot, and the steel ingot with the thickness of every 100mm is heated for 0.8-1 h.
Further, in the first heat of step S3, the drawing ratio of the steel ingot is > 2.2, and the upsetting ratio of the steel ingot is > 2.5.
Further, after the second heating, the forging stock is placed into a forging heating furnace for heating, the heating temperature is 1130 ℃, the heating time is positively correlated with the thickness of the steel ingot, and the steel ingot with the thickness of 100mm is heated for 0.5-0.8 h.
Further, in the second heat of step S3, the drawing ratio of the steel ingot is > 2.2.
Further, in the third heat of step S3, the drawing ratio of the steel ingot is > 2.2.
Further, in the step S4, 1, during solution treatment, the interval from the discharging of the forge piece to the cooling is not more than 1.5min, 2, the temperature of the cooling liquid is not controlled to be 17-40 ℃, and the temperature after solution treatment is not more than 40 ℃; 3. the concentration of the water-soluble medium needs to be measured regularly, and the concentration is controlled to be 8-9%.
Further, in step S1, the raw material is subjected to EF + LF + VD and electroslag remelting.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, through the smelting step, the components of chemical elements in the forging are strictly controlled within the required range, and compared with the requirement of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb in GB1220 specification, the method adjusts the contents of Ni and Cr. The same is true. The adjustment of the proportion of the two elements improves the forgeability of the material and can play a role in improving the impact toughness. Homogenizing the original structure of the steel ingot by electroslag remelting and simultaneously reducing smelting defects such as looseness and the like;
2. according to the invention, through element proportioning and forging heating steps, the delta ferrite structure in the steel ingot is effectively reduced, and the forging performance and forging performance of the steel ingot are optimized;
3. the forging of the invention comprises three times of heating processes, the first heating process enables the forging piece to reach an enlarged forging ratio, the internal quality of the steel is improved through the large forging ratio, and the residual cast dendritic crystal structure is eliminated. The internal structure of the forging is more uniform, and the phenomena of looseness and segregation are improved or eliminated. Inclusions inside the material can also be effectively crushed or forged. Meanwhile, the grain size of the forge piece is more refined by controlling the heating and finish forging temperatures between fire times. The grain refinement of the forging can improve various properties such as toughness and fatigue resistance, thereby prolonging the service life.
4. According to the invention, in the step of heat treatment after forging, annealing ensures the cutting performance of rough machining of the forge piece, and the residual stress after forging is removed. And controlling the heat preservation time during solid solution to prevent the grain size of the product from increasing. And meanwhile, the water inlet time and the temperature of the cooling liquid are controlled to ensure that the solid solution effect of the forging is reduced as much as possible. After the medium cooling is finished, the room temperature cooling is carried out for 12 hours, so that the residual austenite is further reduced, and the transformation of the matrix structure is more sufficient. Sufficient aging heat preservation time ensures that the strengthening elements in the forge piece are fully separated out and stress is better eliminated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of steps of forging of a rear pipe forging for a special ship and a machining process of the rear pipe forging.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: a forging and machining process of a special marine rear pipe forging comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
s1: smelting the raw materials to obtain a steel ingot; firstly, the raw materials are processed by EF + LF + VD, namely the raw materials are processed by electric arc furnace smelting, ladle refining furnace argon blowing stirring refining and vacuum degassing treatment in sequence. All components of the raw materials are strictly controlled within the required range by EF + LF + VD. The raw materials comprise the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: c: less than or equal to 0.07 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S less than or equal to 0.030%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Cr: 15.5%, Ni: 3.0%, Cu: 3.0 percent. The balance of Fe and impurities.
The contents of Ni and Cr are adjusted. The adjustment of the proportion of the two elements increases the forging fluidity of the material, namely improves the forgeability of the material and can play a role in improving the impact toughness of the product.
After EF + LF + VD, electroslag remelting is carried out on the steel ingot, so that the internal structure of the steel ingot is more uniform, and harmful structures such as center porosity and various segregations are avoided. The final performance of the product is more uniform and stable.
S2: the steel ingot subjected to the S1 processing is forged and heated, and the specific steps comprise the following specific steps: a
1. Charging; the charging temperature is less than 500 ℃.
2. And (3) heating: quickly raising the temperature below 600 ℃, and controlling the temperature above 600 ℃ to be 100 ℃/H.
3. Preserving heat; the heat preservation temperature is 860 ℃ and 1180 ℃, the heat preservation time is positively correlated with the thickness of the steel ingot, and the steel ingot with the thickness of 100mm is heated for 0.8-1.2 h.
S3, forging; the forging process includes three firing passes:
the first fire time: the forging temperature is 1150-1170 ℃; in the first heating time, the steel ingot is drawn out, upset and drawn out in sequence; the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 800 ℃; after the first heating time is finished, the steel ingot is placed into a forging heating furnace to be heated, the heating temperature is 1170 ℃, the heating time is positively correlated with the thickness of the steel ingot, and the steel ingot with the thickness of every 100mm is heated for 0.8-1.2 hours; the drawing-out ratio of the steel ingot in the first heating is more than 2.2, and the upsetting ratio is more than 2.5.
The second fire time: the forging temperature is 1130-1150 ℃; in the second heating time, punching the steel ingot; the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 880 ℃; and after the second heating, putting the forging stock into a forging heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1130 ℃, the heating time is positively correlated with the thickness of the steel ingot, and the steel ingot with the thickness of every 100mm is heated for 0.5-0.8 h. In the second fire, the drawing ratio of the steel ingot is more than 2.2.
The third fire time: the forging temperature is 1100-1120 ℃; in the third firing time, putting the die into a forming die for rolling and drawing out; the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃; and after the third fire time is finished, burying sand in the steel ingot and cooling to obtain the forged piece. The drawing ratio of the steel ingot is more than 2.2.
The forging temperature is controlled in the interval with the best steel forging performance. Wherein the first heating of forging is to achieve an increased forging ratio, and the internal quality of the steel is improved by the large forging ratio, and the as-cast structure is eliminated. So that the internal structure of the forging is uniform, and the phenomena of looseness and segregation are improved or eliminated. Inclusions inside the material can also be effectively crushed or forged. Meanwhile, the grain size of the forge piece is refined by controlling the heating and finish forging temperatures among all the fire passes, and the grain refinement of the forge piece is effectively controlled, so that the properties of all aspects, such as toughness, can be improved, and the fatigue resistance is increased, thereby prolonging the service life.
S4, heat treatment; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. annealing treatment after forging: after forging, sand burying and cooling to room temperature after forging, and placing in a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment. The annealing temperature is 650-680 ℃, the heat preservation time is in positive correlation with the wall thickness of the forge piece, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-1.7 min for each forge piece with the thickness of 1 mm; and then cooling along with the furnace.
2. Solid solution and aging processes; and (4) carrying out quenching and tempering treatment on the annealed forge piece after rough machining. The solid solution temperature in the solid solution process is 1020-.
The temperature of the cooling liquid used for the solution treatment is controlled to be 17-40 ℃, and the temperature of the forged piece after the solution treatment is not higher than 40 ℃. The concentration of the used water-soluble medium, namely quenching liquid, needs to be measured periodically, and is controlled to be 8-9%. The quenching liquid selected in the embodiment is a scientific wetting medium, model 6480.
Then placing the mixture in a furnace for 12 hours for aging treatment. The aging temperature is 540-.
In the heat treatment process of the step S4, annealing ensures the cutting performance of rough machining of the forge piece, and removes residual stress after forging. And controlling the heat preservation time during solid solution to prevent the grain size of the product from increasing. And meanwhile, the water inlet time and the temperature of the cooling liquid are controlled to ensure that the solid solution effect of the forging is reduced as much as possible. After the medium cooling is finished, the room temperature cooling is carried out for 12 hours, so that the residual austenite is further reduced, and the transformation of the matrix structure is more sufficient. Sufficient aging heat preservation time ensures that the strengthening elements in the forge piece are fully separated out and the residual stress is better eliminated.
S5, machining: and (4) processing deep holes on the forged piece, wherein the rest processing is common machining, and finally forming the special marine rear pipe body.
Example 2: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that the raw materials comprise the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: c: less than or equal to 0.07 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S less than or equal to 0.030%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Cr: 16.5%, Ni: 4.0%, Cu: 4.0 percent. The balance of Fe and impurities.
Example 3: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that the raw materials comprise the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: c: less than or equal to 0.07 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S less than or equal to 0.030%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Cr: 17.5%, Ni: 5.0%, Cu: 5.0 percent. The balance of Fe and impurities.
Testing the mechanical properties of the forged piece:
preparation of the experiment: the forgings produced in the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3 are respectively taken and organized into a No. 1 experimental group, a No. 2 experimental group and a No. 3 experimental group.
Table 1: performance data for experimental group # 1, experimental group # 2 and experimental group # 3.
Table 1.
And (4) experimental conclusion analysis: from analysis of three groups of experimental results, the contents of Ni and Cr are improved, the forgeability of the material is improved, and the impact toughness can be improved. The grain size is ensured to be 5.5 grade, which indicates that the structure is more uniform, and the phenomena of looseness and segregation are improved or eliminated.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The forging and machining process of the special marine rear pipe forging is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting the raw materials to obtain a steel ingot;
s2: forging and heating the steel ingot processed by the step S1;
s3: and (3) forging the steel ingot finished by the S2 treatment, wherein the forging process comprises three fire times:
the first fire time: the forging temperature is 1150-1170 ℃, and steel ingots are drawn out, upset, drawn out and upset in sequence in the first heating;
the second fire time: the forging temperature is 1130-1150 ℃, the steel ingot is punched in the second firing, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 880 ℃;
the third fire time: the forging temperature is 1100-1120 ℃, in the third firing, the forming die is placed for rolling and drawing out, the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃, and after the third firing, the forged piece is embedded with sand and cooled;
s4: and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the steel ingot subjected to the S3 treatment, wherein the heat treatment comprises the following steps:
1. annealing treatment after forging: after forging, burying sand and cooling to room temperature, and placing in a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment; the annealing temperature is 650-680 ℃, the heat preservation time is in positive correlation with the wall thickness of the forge piece, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-1.7 min for each forge piece with the thickness of 1 mm; then cooling along with the furnace;
2. solid solution and aging processes; after annealing, the forged piece is subjected to rough machining and then is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment, the solid solution temperature in the solid solution process is 1020-1050 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.3-1.5 min according to the heat preservation of the forged piece with the thickness of 1mm, and the forged piece is immediately cooled to the room temperature in a water-soluble medium after being taken out of the furnace; then placing the mixture in a furnace for 12 hours for aging treatment; the aging temperature is 540-;
s5: machining the steel ingot to obtain a rear pipe body forging;
the rear pipe forging comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: c: less than or equal to 0.07 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S less than or equal to 0.030%, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Cr: 15.5-17.5%, Ni: 3.0-5.0%, Cu: 3.0-5.0%, and the balance of Fe and impurities.
2. The forging and machining process of the special marine rear pipe forging according to claim 1, wherein the forging and machining process comprises the following steps: and after the first heating time is finished, putting the steel ingot into a forging heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1170 ℃, the heating time is positively correlated with the thickness of the steel ingot, and the steel ingot with the thickness of every 100mm is heated for 0.8-1 h.
3. The forging and machining process of the special marine rear pipe forging according to claim 1, wherein the forging and machining process comprises the following steps: in the first heat of step S3, the ingot draw ratio is > 2.2 and the ingot upset ratio is > 2.5.
4. The forging and machining process of the special marine rear pipe forging according to claim 1, wherein the forging and machining process comprises the following steps: and after the second heating, putting the forging stock into a forging heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1130 ℃, the heating time is positively correlated with the thickness of the steel ingot, and the steel ingot with the thickness of every 100mm is heated for 0.5-0.8 h.
5. The forging and machining process of the special marine rear pipe forging according to claim 1, wherein the forging and machining process comprises the following steps: in the second firing of step S3, the ingot draw ratio is > 2.2.
6. The forging and machining process of the special marine rear pipe forging according to claim 1, wherein the forging and machining process comprises the following steps: in the third firing of step S3, the ingot draw ratio is > 2.2.
7. The forging and machining process of the special marine rear pipe forging according to claim 1, wherein the forging and machining process comprises the following steps: in the step S4, 1, during solution treatment, the interval from the discharging of the forge piece to the cooling is not more than 1.5min, 2, the temperature of cooling liquid is not controlled to be 17-40 ℃, and the temperature after solution treatment is not higher than 40 ℃; 3. the concentration of the water-soluble medium needs to be measured regularly, and the concentration is controlled to be 8-9%.
8. The forging and machining process of the special marine rear pipe forging according to claim 1, wherein the forging and machining process comprises the following steps: in step S1, the raw material is subjected to EF + LF + VD and electroslag remelting.
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| AT410447B (en) * | 2001-10-03 | 2003-04-25 | Boehler Edelstahl | HOT STEEL SUBJECT |
| CN101302602A (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2008-11-12 | 上海大学 | Rare earth austenite hot work die steel and preparation thereof |
| CN101633999B (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2011-06-01 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Austenitic stainless steel, steel tube thereof and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102513799A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2012-06-27 | 山东伊莱特重工有限公司 | Ring rolling method for flange of megawatt wind generation set tower |
| CN109261869B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-06-09 | 无锡继平锻造有限公司 | Forging and heat treatment process of conversion flange forging |
| CN109518084A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-26 | 南京工业职业技术学院 | A kind of high heat conductance is containing Al, Nb nitriding hot die steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN110863140B (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-12-29 | 北京科技大学 | Low-alloy ultrahigh-strength structural steel and preparation method thereof |
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