CN117511916A - 一种从废水中提取α-淀粉酶抑制剂的方法 - Google Patents
一种从废水中提取α-淀粉酶抑制剂的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种从废水中提取α‑淀粉酶抑制剂的方法，将含有α‑淀粉酶抑制剂的液体与保护剂混合干燥；所述保护剂为卡拉胶、黄原胶和结冷胶中的任意一种或几种组合物。本发明的提取方法简便易行，具有广泛的应用前景。本发明制备的α‑淀粉酶抑制剂可作为食品添加剂添加至食品当中，辅助降低血糖和血脂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域，具体涉及一种从废水中提取α-淀粉酶抑制剂的方法及该α-淀粉酶抑制剂在食品中的应用。
背景技术
淀粉酶是一种用于分解人类饮食中碳水化合物的主要来源，也就是用于分解淀粉的酶。α-淀粉酶抑制剂是属于糖(苷)水解酶抑制剂中的一种，它能有效地抑制肠道内唾液及胰淀粉酶的活性，阻碍食物中碳水化合物的水解和消化，减少糖分的摄取，降低了血糖和血脂含量水平，合食后不产生高血糖症，从而胰岛素分泌减少，脂肪合成降低，体重减轻。淀粉酶抑制剂现主要应用于制药和保健品领域，用于添加至预防和治疗高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化的药物当中，也可用于减肥。此种酶抑制剂来源于绿色植物，是一种蛋白类保健品，对人体没有任何毒副作用，同时，没有文献资料显示该抑制剂具有破坏酶系统的性质。
淀粉酶抑制剂可从不同来源获得，包括植物白蛋白和豆类植物。当前，将豆类的提取物作为淀粉酶抑制剂的来源被利用得最多。
美国专利(US6340699)公开了一种采用热处理和/或使用溶剂的方法提取淀粉酶抑制剂的方法。然而，热处理和/或使用溶剂法存在许多缺点。如：高温提取容易降解淀粉酶抑制剂中的一些热敏性物质，使淀粉酶抑制剂的稳定性和活性降低；溶剂法提取常因大量使用有机溶剂会导致环境污染和产品溶剂残留问题，存在环保和健康方面的顾虑。中国发明CN1665521A“纯化淀粉酶抑制剂及用于获得该淀粉酶抑制剂的新颖方法”公开了一种利用超临界二氧化碳除去研磨豆子中的杂质，进一步纯化淀粉酶抑制剂的方法。该方法首先研磨豆子，接着在真空条件下，用超临界二氧化碳浸提杂质，然后用加热的去离子水重复提取处理过的豆子2次，每次持续加热2小时，并收集提取液，最后用热交换法浓缩和冷冻干燥得到产品。但是，超临界萃取设备投资大，对生产条件要求苛刻，且长时间加热提取也会损坏淀粉酶抑制剂的活性。中国发明专利ZL200410041455.4公开了一种双水相萃取体系及应用此体系分离纯化淀粉酶抑制剂的方法。该方法主要在α-淀粉酶抑制剂粗提液中加入聚乙二醇和果糖-1,6一二磷酸金属盐，它们是对生化产品的生物活性具有稳定与保护主要的成相试剂，有利于淀粉酶抑制剂乳液快速进行相分离，提高膜分离技术的效率。
上述公开文献所描述的α-淀粉酶抑制剂大都是利用传统的加热溶剂浸提法制备的。在提取过程中加热，容易导致部分淀粉发生糊化，溶液粘度增大，给后续的过滤和离心分离操作带来了困难，且长时间加热提取会降低产品的生物活性；由于工艺的限制，原料不能粉碎过细，导致细胞壁的破碎度降低，不利于细胞中的淀粉酶抑制剂完全释放，需要消耗大量提取溶剂并进行长时间萃取。因此，传统的加热溶剂浸提法在制备α-淀粉酶抑制剂时，具有能耗高、溶剂消耗大、生产周期长、环保压力大、产品质量低、生产成本高等缺点。
考虑到当前α-淀粉酶抑制剂中存在的上述缺陷，需要一种更为纯净且高效的方法来制备α-淀粉酶抑制剂，并开发α-淀粉酶抑制剂作为食品添加剂添加到食品当中具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种从废水中提取α-淀粉酶抑制剂的方法，以解决上述存在的缺陷，并且变废为宝，安全环保，简化生产工艺，降低生产成本。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明公开了一种提取α-淀粉酶抑制剂的方法，将含有α-淀粉酶抑制剂的液体与保护剂混合干燥。
其中，所述含有α-淀粉酶抑制剂的液体为将含有α-淀粉酶抑制剂的废水静置得到的第一上清液、或所述第一上清液离心得到的第二上清液、或所述第二清液浓缩得到浓缩液；所述含有α-淀粉酶抑制剂的液体中α-淀粉酶抑制剂的酶活为10-500U/mL，如100U/mL、200U/mL、300U/mL、400U/mL。
所述废水为生产淀粉或谷朊粉的废水。
所述静置的时间为12-48h，优选为20-28h。
所述离心为碟片离心机离心，离心后获得含有α-淀粉酶抑制剂的清液，其还含有一些蛋白。
所述浓缩为采用超滤膜浓缩。
其中，所述超滤膜的分子量为1000-10000Da，优选为4000-8000Da，优选为5000-7000Da。
其中，根据酶活高低用超滤膜浓度一定倍数，如所述浓缩为浓缩至原体积的1/10左右，如1/8-1/12。
所述保护剂为卡拉胶、黄原胶和结冷胶中的任意一种或几种组合物。
所述保护剂的用量为所述含有α-淀粉酶抑制剂的液体或所述浓缩液质量的4％-50％，优选为7％-40％，优选为10％-30％。
所述干燥的温度为140-220℃，优选为160-200℃，优选为170-190℃。
所述干燥包括常压烘干、减压烘干、喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥，优选为喷雾干燥。
通过本发明所提供的方法提取后，其特征在于，酶活收率为75％以上，优选为80％以上。
本发明还提供了α-淀粉酶抑制剂在食品中的应用：通常将淀粉酶抑制剂添加到消费用的食品中，例如，粉末饮料混合物、精制混合饮料、快餐以及烘焙食品等等。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优势：
(1)原料成本更加低廉，本发明采用的原料是淀粉和谷朊粉生产厂家的废水，废物利用，变废为宝。
(2)本发明提取过程当中不加入有机溶剂，不会对产品和环境造成污染，对消费者的健康有利。
(3)采用离心分离及膜浓缩，设备投资不大，效果好、效率高。
(4)提供了α-淀粉酶抑制剂在食品行业中的用途，扩大了α-淀粉酶抑制剂的应用范围及前景。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法；所述试剂和材料，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径获得。
下述实施例中所述κ-卡拉胶、黄原胶、结冷胶分别来源于上海沪峥生物科技有限公司、河南拓源化工产品有限公司和HA张家界恒康生物药业有限公司。
下述实施例中所述α-淀粉酶抑制剂酶活的测定方法为：
1、实验原理
利用淀粉溶液在I-KI作用下显蓝色，在660nm处的吸光值于一定淀粉浓度范围内和淀粉的量呈线性关系的特点，根据抑制剂加入前后α-淀粉酶分解淀粉量的差值即可计算出抑制剂的活性。
2、碘呈色法
取0.5μl的α-淀粉酶和2μl的α-淀粉酶抑制剂于0.5ml磷酸缓冲液中，在37℃条件下预反应30min后，加入0.5ml的0.04wt％的淀粉水溶液再反应15min，用3.8ml的酸(1体积0.5N的HCl+5体积0.5N乙酸)中止反应，加0.2ml 0.01mol/L的碘液显色，在660nm处测定吸光值。
α-淀粉酶活性定义：在上述条件下(实验条件)将所加淀粉水解50％所需的酶量定义为一个单位。
B---------淀粉吸光值
R---------加入酶吸光值
α-淀粉酶抑制剂活性定义：在上述条件下，每ml溶液将2个单位α-淀粉酶活性抑制了50％所需的量为一个单位。
通过上述定义得出：
S---------加入α-淀粉酶抑制剂后吸光值
实施例1
取山东某面粉生产厂家的废水100L，静置1天后取上层清液用碟片式离心机进行离心获得大约90L离心后清液。清液中α-淀粉酶抑制剂酶活200U/mL，用分子量6000的超滤膜浓缩10倍。在浓缩液中添加质量比10％的卡拉胶，搅拌均匀后于180℃进行喷雾干燥，流速控制在2L/h，获得粉末状α-淀粉酶抑制剂成品3.20kg，酶活5010U/g，酶活收率89.0％。
实施例2
取山东某面粉生产厂家的废水100L，静置1天后取上层清液用碟片式离心机进行离心获得大约90L离心后清液。清液中α-淀粉酶抑制剂酶活200U/mL，用分子量6000的超滤膜浓缩10倍。在浓缩液中添加质量比10％的黄原胶，搅拌均匀后于180℃进行喷雾干燥，流速控制在4L/h，获得粉末状α-淀粉酶抑制剂成品3.23kg，酶活4963U/g，酶活收率88.2％。
实施例3
取山东某面粉生产厂家的废水100L，静置1天后取上层清液用碟片式离心机进行离心获得大约90L离心后清液。清液中α-淀粉酶抑制剂酶活200U/mL，用分子量6000的超滤膜浓缩10倍。在浓缩液中添加质量比30％的结冷胶，搅拌均匀后于180℃进行喷雾干燥，流速控制在8L/h，获得粉末状α-淀粉酶抑制剂成品3.28kg，酶活4830U/g，酶活收率85.8％。
对比例1
取山东某面粉生产厂家的废水100L，静置1天后取上层清液用碟片式离心机进行离心获得大约90L离心后清液。清液中α-淀粉酶抑制剂酶活200U/mL，用分子量6000的超滤膜浓缩10倍。于180℃进行喷雾干燥，流速控制在8L/h，获得粉末状α-淀粉酶抑制剂成品2.3kg，酶活4650U/g，酶活收率59.4％。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种提取α-淀粉酶抑制剂的方法，其特征在于，将含有α-淀粉酶抑制剂的液体与保护剂混合干燥；所述保护剂为卡拉胶、黄原胶和结冷胶中的任意一种或几种组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述含有α-淀粉酶抑制剂的液体为将含有α-淀粉酶抑制剂的废水静置得到的第一上清液、或所述第一上清液离心得到的第二上清液、或所述第二清液浓缩得到浓缩液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述保护剂的用量为所述含有α-淀粉酶抑制剂的液体质量的4％-50％，优选为7％-40％，优选为10％-30％；所述含有α-淀粉酶抑制剂的液体中α-淀粉酶抑制剂的酶活为10-500U/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述干燥的温度为140-220℃，优选为160-200℃，优选为170-190℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述干燥包括常压烘干、减压烘干、喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥，优选为喷雾干燥。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述废水为生产淀粉或谷朊粉的废水。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述静置的时间为12-48h，优选为20-28h。
8.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述离心为碟片离心机离心。
9.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述浓缩为采用超滤膜浓缩；优选地，所述超滤膜的分子量为1000-10000Da，优选为4000-8000Da，优选为5000-7000Da。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，酶活收率为75％以上，优选为80％以上。
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