CN117510676A - 一种新的灰树花均一多糖gfp-z及其简便快速制备方法与用途 - Google Patents
一种新的灰树花均一多糖gfp-z及其简便快速制备方法与用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新的灰树花均一多糖GFP‑Z及其简便快速制备方法与用途。该灰树花均一多糖GFP‑Z不同于以往报道的灰树花多糖,其是由α(1,4)‑D‑Glc组成,存在通过α‑1,6糖苷键连接的支链,分支化度约1/10,分子量大于1000kDa,只由葡萄糖组成,不含蛋白质,是一种新的灰树花多糖。本发明的制备方法无需经过柱层析,即可获得成分均一的多糖GFP‑Z,具有简单、快速、成本低廉的优点。本发明提供的灰树花均一多糖GFP‑Z的降血糖效果明显优于阳性药物二甲双胍,因此本发明为开发治疗糖尿病的新药打下基础,积极推动糖尿病天然药物活性成分的研究开发。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体涉及一种新的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z及其简便快速制备方法与用途。
背景技术
糖尿病是一种严重的慢性疾病,由于身体不能产生足够的胰岛素或不能有效利用产生的胰岛素而导致血糖水平升高,从而造成身体的许多器官损害,导致残疾和危及生命的并发症。
目前对于糖尿病的发病机制还不完全清楚,难以治愈,临床上治疗糖尿病主要以长期服用降糖药物来控制和缓解病情。目前用于二型糖尿病治疗的药物主要为化学药物或生化药物,主要有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂、胰岛素促分泌剂、胰岛素增敏剂、DPP4抑制剂、SGLT2抑制剂、GLP-1受体激动剂、胰岛素及其类似物等,但它们都有各自明显的副作用,如容易引起胃肠道不适、低血糖、体重增加、水钠潴留、心力衰竭、鼻咽炎、皮肤水肿和脱落、严重关节炎、急性胰腺炎、膀胱癌、充血性心力衰竭等等诸多不良反应。严峻的形势迫使人们寻找更加安全、有效的降血糖活性物质。从自然界中寻找天然、安全、疗效确切的新型活性成分一直是新药开发的重点。
目前对于灰树花多糖的提取及分离纯化方法有多种。对于灰树花多糖的提取,目前主要有冷水浸泡、热水提取、超声辅助提取、亚临界水萃取(SWE)、酶法提取、高压提取等等多种提取方法。这些提取方法所获得的多糖在分子结构、链构象和生物活性方面都有显著的不同。各种提取方法都具有各自的优缺点。提取完成后,需要对提取物进行脱蛋白、超滤、透析和冷冻干燥等处理得到粗多糖。为了准确评估其结构特性和生物活性,需要将粗多糖进一步分离纯化。一般先将粗多糖进行脱蛋白、脱色,然后采用柱层析法进行分离纯化,主要包括阴离子交换层析、过滤层析、亲和层析以及结合分子筛色谱法,最后经浓缩、透析、冷冻干燥得到相对纯的多糖。
虽然目前已经发现灰树花及其活性成分具有显著的降血糖作用,但由于其提取工艺多样、复杂并会对产物的结构、药理活性等产生较大影响,现有的分离纯化手段不仅费时费力、成本高昂,且难以获得纯的活性多糖而大都是多种成分(多糖、蛋白、小分子物质等等)混杂的组合物,加上多糖的化学结构本就复杂……综合下来,目前绝大多数灰树花降血糖活性物质的成分、结构及其作用机理未能明确,直接阻碍了它们被开发成治疗糖尿病新药的进程。
发明内容
针对以上不足,本发明提供了一种新的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z及其简便快速制备方法与用途。采用本发明方法能快速制备得到一种新的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z,该灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z具有显著的降血糖活性,能明显改善二型糖尿病症状。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种新的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z,所述的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z是由α(1,4)-D-Glc组成,存在通过α-1,6糖苷键连接的支链,分支化度约1/10,其化学结构片段如下所示:
该灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z冻干粉的外观和质地为:白色,疏松多孔,质地柔软呈棉絮状样。HPLC检测呈现单一峰,其重均分子量约为1765kDa,峰尖分子量约为1354kDa,属于分子量大于1000kDa的大分子多糖;均一多糖GFP-Z的糖含量为98.5%±1%,只由葡萄糖(Glu100%)组成,不含蛋白质,推断其为不含蛋白质的葡聚糖;DEAE离子交换柱层析验证其在0.1M NaCl区段几乎被全部洗脱;结构分析表明其含有α型糖苷键,α型糖苷键为α-1,4糖苷键和α-1,6糖苷键。根据上述参数,与现有技术中的灰树花多糖进行比较,没有发现相类似的,因此本发明的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z是一个新的灰树花多糖。
本发明的第二个目的是替代传统的柱层析获得均一多糖的方法而提供一种简单、快速制备具有降血糖作用的新的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将灰树花子实体粉碎,热水提取,过滤,将滤渣再用热水提取,过滤,合并滤液;然后离心,上清液用滤纸抽滤后,浓缩;浓缩水提物放置室温后将乙醇加入其中,慢加快搅,混合均匀后静置,离心,用纯化水重悬沉淀,旋蒸除去乙醇,得到重悬液标为GF42;
(2)往GF42中加入纯化水,搅拌后离心,将上清液抽滤,然后往滤液中加入乙醇,慢加快搅,离心,收集沉淀,将沉淀用纯化水复溶,冻干,得到灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述浓缩水提物和乙醇的体积比为1.5:(1~1.25)。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述滤液和乙醇的体积比为6:(4~5)。
优选地,所述乙醇的浓度为体积分数42%。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述抽滤使用0.22μm的水系微孔滤膜抽滤。
本发明的第三个目的是提供灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z在制备治疗糖尿病药物中的应用,尤其是在制备治疗二型糖尿病药物中的应用。
本发明的第四个目的是提供一种治疗糖尿病的药物,该药物包含灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z作为活性成分,所述的糖尿病为二型糖尿病。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供了一种新的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z,该灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z是由α(1,4)-D-Glc组成,存在通过α-1,6糖苷键连接的支链,分支化度约为1/10,分子量大于1000kDa,为不含蛋白质的葡聚糖,其不同于以往报道的灰树花多糖,是一种新的灰树花多糖,因此本发明拓展了灰树花多糖的种类。
(2)本发明还提供了一种简单、快速制备新的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的方法,本发明方法不需要使用柱层析(DEAE离子柱或分子筛柱层析等),即可获得成分均一的多糖GFP-Z,具有简单、快速、成本低廉的优点。
(3)本发明提供的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的降血糖效果明显优于阳性药物二甲双胍,因此本发明为开发治疗糖尿病的新药打下基础,积极推动糖尿病天然药物活性成分的研究开发。
附图说明
图1为葡聚糖(GPC)标准品的校正曲线。
图2为灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的HPLC分析图。
图3为灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的外观。
图4为单糖混合标准品PMP衍生液相图。PMP:1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮,Man:甘露糖,Rib:核糖,Rha:鼠李糖,GlcA:葡萄糖醛酸,GalA:半乳糖醛酸,Glc:葡萄糖,Gal:半乳糖,Xly:木糖,Ara:阿拉伯糖,Fuc:岩藻糖。
图5为灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的单糖组成分析液相图。
图6为灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的红外光(IR)谱分析。
图7为灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的1H-NMR谱图。
图8为灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的13C-NMR谱图。
图9为灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的1H NMR(315K)谱图。
图10为灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的1H-13C HSQC谱图。
图11为灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的1H-1H COSY谱图。
图12为灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的1H-1H ROSY谱图。
图13为灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的化学结构片段。
图14为30天各组小鼠空腹血糖值。NC:正常对照,DC:模型对照,PC:阳性对照,*:P<0.05,**:P<0.01,***:P<0.001,****:P<0.0001。
图15为30天各组小鼠饮水量/体重值。NC:正常对照,DC:模型对照,PC:阳性对照。
图16为30天各组小鼠食用饲料/体重值。NC:正常对照,DC:模型对照,PC:阳性对照。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的制备:
取灰树花子实体50g,粉碎,加入纯水0.6L,90℃煮75min,0.125mm金属筛网过滤,将滤渣再加纯水0.35L,90℃煮75min,0.125mm金属筛网过滤,合并两次滤液,4000r/min离心10min,上清液用滤纸抽滤,得到水提液。水提液52℃旋蒸浓缩,量筒定容到一定体积,得到浓缩水提物。浓缩水提物放置室温后,将无水乙醇以大致200mL/min加入其中,慢加快搅,使乙醇终浓度为45%(v/v)。混合均匀后,保鲜膜覆盖并放置4℃冰箱1h,7000r/min离心15min,往沉淀中加入纯化水重悬,旋蒸去除残留乙醇,重悬液标为GF45,呈灰白色。GF45进一步纯化:取GF45加入适量纯水稀释,8000r/min离心30min,用0.22μm的水系微孔滤膜抽滤以去除难溶性物质,将滤液定容到一定体积,加入无水乙醇使终浓度为45%(v/v),慢加快搅,8000r/min离心5min,收集沉淀(GF45进一步纯化步骤可视情况重复1次),沉淀呈白色,沉淀用适量纯化水复溶,冻干,即为GFP-Z组分。
实施例2
灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的制备:
取灰树花子实体300g,粉碎,加入纯水3.5L,90℃煮75min,0.125mm金属筛网过滤,将滤渣再加纯水2L,90℃煮75min,0.125mm金属筛网过滤,合并两次滤液,4000r/min离心10min,上清液用滤纸抽滤,得到水提液。水提液52℃旋蒸浓缩,量筒定容到一定体积,得到浓缩水提物。浓缩水提物放置室温后,将无水乙醇以大致200mL/min加入其中,慢加快搅,使乙醇终浓度为40%(v/v)。混合均匀后,保鲜膜覆盖并放置4℃冰箱1h,7000r/min离心15min,往沉淀中加入纯化水重悬,旋蒸去除残留乙醇,重悬液标为GF40,呈灰白色。GF40进一步纯化:取GF40加入适量纯水稀释,8000r/min离心30min,用0.22μm的水系微孔滤膜抽滤以去除难溶性物质,将滤液定容到一定体积,加入无水乙醇使终浓度为40%(v/v),慢加快搅,8000r/min离心5min,收集沉淀(GF40进一步纯化步骤可视情况重复1次),沉淀呈白色,沉淀用适量纯化水复溶,冻干,即为GFP-Z组分。
实施例3
灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的制备:
取灰树花子实体300g,粉碎,加入纯水3.5L,90℃煮75min,0.125mm金属筛网过滤,将滤渣再加纯水2L,90℃煮75min,0.125mm金属筛网过滤,合并两次滤液,4000r/min离心10min,上清液用滤纸抽滤,得到水提液。水提液52℃旋蒸浓缩,量筒定容到一定体积,得到浓缩水提物。浓缩水提物放置室温后将无水乙醇以大致200mL/min加入其中,慢加快搅,使乙醇终浓度为42%(v/v)。混合均匀后,保鲜膜覆盖并放置4℃冰箱1h,7000r/min离心15min,往沉淀中加入纯化水重悬,旋蒸去除残留乙醇,重悬液标为GF42,呈灰白色。GF42进一步纯化:取GF42加入适量纯水稀释,8000r/min离心30min,用0.22μm的水系微孔滤膜抽滤以去除难溶性物质,将滤液定容到一定体积,加入无水乙醇使终浓度为42%(v/v),慢加快搅,8000r/min离心5min,收集沉淀(GF42进一步纯化步骤可视情况重复1次),沉淀呈白色,沉淀用适量纯化水复溶,冻干,即为GFP-Z组分。后续实验以此制备工艺提供化合物。
实施例4
灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的纯度、分子量测定和DEAE离子交换柱层析验证:
1、色谱条件:
采用Agilent安捷伦液相色谱仪1260infinity II;色谱柱TSKgel G5000PWXL(7.8mm I.D.×30cm,10μm)+TSKgel G3000PWXL(7.8mm I.D.×30cm,7μm)串联分析;柱温35℃;流动相0.01M NaCl溶液;体积流量0.28mL/min;恒温35℃;分析时间120min;示差折光检测器;进样量20μL。
2、葡聚糖(GPC)校正曲线建立:
分别称量分子量为1kDa、5kDa、12kDa、25kDa、50kDa、270kDa、670kDa和1194kDa的GPC标准品2mg,溶于200μL 0.01M NaCl溶液,0.22μm滤膜过滤,以上述色谱条件进行分析。数据汇总见表1。以GPC标准品分子量为纵坐标,保留时间为横坐标绘制GPC校正曲线并拟合曲线方程,校正曲线如图1,拟合曲线方程为:
Y=-0.000355166x3+0.0618383x2-3.67089x+78.7202。
表1.GPC标准品分子量及其保留时间
3、灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的纯度和分子量的测定:
取GFP-Z冻干粉2mg,加入0.01M NaCl溶液溶解,用0.22μm的滤膜过滤后,以上述色谱条件进行分析,GFP-Z出峰时间约为46.043min,84min左右出峰为溶剂峰,色谱图如图2。关联已建立的GPC标准曲线,分析计算GFP-Z的重均分子量约为1765kDa,峰尖分子量约为1354kDa,分散性1.7。
4、灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的DEAE离子交换柱层析验证:
取GFP-Z冻干粉0.5g,用适量纯水溶解,上样至已用纯水平衡好的DEAE离子交换柱中,依次用纯水、0.1M NaCl、0.5M NaCl、2M NaCl洗脱,搜集各区段洗脱液,透析除盐2天,浓缩后进行冷冻干燥并称重。结果表明GFP-Z在0.1M NaCl区段几乎被全部洗脱下来(>95%)。
实施例5
灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的物理化学性质测定:
1、GFP-Z外观与质地:
GFP-Z冻干粉表现为:白色,疏松多孔,质地柔软呈棉絮状样(图3)。
2、GFP-Z的多糖含量及蛋白含量:
本实验采用苯酚-硫酸法进行多糖含量测定,该方法依照《中华人民共和国农业行业标准NY/T 1676-2008食用菌中粗多糖含量测定》。用标准葡聚糖配置11个梯度浓度标准溶液0、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05、0.06、0.07、0.08、0.09、0.1mg/mL,以各浓度梯度为横坐标,产物吸光值为纵坐标建立标准曲线,拟合线性方程为y=6.4896x+0.072,R2=0.996。将GFP-Z配置两个线性范围内溶度,每个浓度设置3个重复,根据吸光值带入方程计算GFP-Z糖浓度,计算糖含量,取均值。计算结果显示GFP-Z糖含量为98.5%±1%。
本实验采用BCA法进行蛋白含量测定。用胎牛血清蛋白配置8个梯度标准蛋白质溶液0、0.025、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5mg/mL,以各浓度梯度为横坐标,产物吸光值为纵坐标建立标准曲线,拟合线性方程为y=1.2185x+0.1611,R2=0.999。将GFP-Z配置两个线性范围内溶度,每个浓度设置3个重复,根据吸光值带入方程计算GFP-Z蛋白浓度,计算蛋白含量,取均值。计算结果显示GFP-Z蛋白含量为0。由此数据推断GFP-Z不含蛋白质。
3、GFP-Z的单糖组成:
本实验采用PMP-HPLC柱前衍生法进行单糖组成分析。(PMP:1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮)
分别取10种单糖标准品(D-Arabinose阿拉伯糖、D-Mannose甘露糖、D-Glucose葡萄糖、D-Galactose半乳糖、D-Xylose木糖、D-Ribose核糖、L-Rhamnose鼠李糖、D-Glucuronic acid葡萄糖醛酸、D-Galacturonic acid半乳糖醛酸、D-Fucose岩藻糖)配置各单糖标准品溶液,然后分别取等体积的各单糖标准品溶液100μL组成混合标准品溶液。
样品酸水解:取2mg的GFP-Z于比色管中,加入1mL超纯水溶解,加入1mL 4M的三氟乙酸TFA,封口后于100℃水浴锅加热4h,反应结束后,加入甲醇旋蒸,重复多次至除尽TFA,水解产物复溶于200μL超纯水中。
PMP衍生:取GFP-Z水解的样品溶液150μL、混合标准品溶液150μL和各单糖标准品150μL,分别加到2mL EP管中,再加入150μL 0.6M的NaOH溶液,混匀后加入300μL 0.5M的PMP甲醇溶液,振荡混匀后于70℃水浴锅反应100min。反应结束后,加入300μL 0.3M的HCl中和,再加入100μL超纯水以及1mL氯仿萃取,2000r/min离心7min取上层水相,重复3次萃取,将上层水相过0.22μm微孔滤膜后进行HPLC分析。
HPLC分析:配制流动相(0.34L乙腈+1.66L磷酸盐缓冲液)。色谱柱YMC-Pack ODS-AM(5μm,250mm×4.6mm)。柱温25℃。紫外检测波长254nm。流速1mL/min。进样体积10μL。洗脱流程如下表2。
表2.洗脱程序
图4和图5结果显示,均一多糖GFP-Z只由葡萄糖(Glu 100%)组成。推断其为不含蛋白质的葡聚糖。
4、GFP-Z的红外光谱(IR):
取2mg左右的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z冻干粉与干燥KBr混合研细后,压片,在400-4000cm-1区间进行红外扫描,并对扫描图的吸收峰进行诠释。
图6结果显示,3387cm-1处的吸收峰表现出一个宽强峰,为O-H的伸缩振动,这与GFP-Z中含有大量羟基(O-H)引起的拉伸频率直接相关;2920cm-1处和1650cm-1处的吸收峰为C-H的伸缩振动;1200-1500cm-1处的吸收峰为C-H和O-H的面内弯曲振动;1000-1200cm-1处吸收峰为碳水化合物环振动;930cm-1处吸收峰表明含有α型糖苷键;850cm-1处吸收峰表明可能含有β型糖苷键;575cm-1处吸收峰是吡喃糖环骨架形式的结果。结果表明GFP-Z的IR谱图含有多糖的特征吸收峰,含有α型糖苷键以及可能含有β型糖苷键。
5、GFP-Z的甲基化GC-MS分析:
为了确定糖苷残基之间的连接类型,进行了甲基化-水解-还原-乙酰化反应,并对产物进行了GC-MS分析。首先在无水、碱性条件下用CH3I对GFP-Z进行甲基化反应,将游离羟基甲基化,红外光谱分析确认羟基吸收峰消失。用4M的三氟乙酸(TFA)在100℃下加热4h以水解甲基化后的GFP-Z多糖,从而暴露连接位点羟基。往水解后的甲基化多糖中加入纯水和硼氢化钠,室温还原过夜,次日加入20%冰醋酸终止反应,对水解产物进行还原,打开糖环并将端基还原为羟基。干燥后,加入醋酸酐在100℃下反应2h,将暴露的羟基进行乙酰化,得到部分甲基化的阿迪醇乙酸酯(PMAAs)。通过GC-MS分析确定反应产物中PMAAs的结构,确定GFP-Z中的键合类型。
GC-MS条件:RXI-5SIL MS色谱柱30m×0.25mm×0.25μm;程序升温条件为:起始温度120℃,以3℃/min升温至250℃/min;保持5min;进样口温度为250℃,检测器温度为250℃/min,载气为氦气,流速为1mL/min。
表3.GFP-Z的甲基化衍生物GC-MS分析结果
2,3,4,6-Me4-Glc:1,5-di-O-acetyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucitol;
2,3,6-Me3-Glc:1,4,5-Tri-O-acetyl-2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucitol;
2,3-Me2-Glc:1,4,5,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2,3,-di-O-methyl-D-glucitol。
GC-MS数据表明GFP-Z的甲基化衍生物中存在三种糖醇,即1,5-di-O-acetyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucitol、1,4,5-tri-O-acetyl-2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucitol、1,4,5,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-methyl-D-glucitol。三种糖醇的积分面积比值约为1:7.5:0.95。通过以上数据推测中性糖GFP-Z存在(1,4)和(1,6)糖苷键。关于GFP-Z的精确结构将通过波谱法进一步解析。
6、GFP-Z的核磁共振(NMR):1H-NMR和13C-NMR
从1H-NMR谱图(图7)中,δ(ppm)6.02处宽峰判定为-OH活泼H信号,δ(ppm)5.40判定为α糖苷键端基H,并可能为α-1,4糖苷键端基H;结合1H-NMR和1H-1H ROSY谱图(图12),δ(ppm)4.80处的H信号可能为β型糖苷键或α型糖苷键,此信号在1H-NMR谱中与溶剂峰重叠,1H-NMR(315K)证明了这一点(图9);1H-NMR谱中δ(ppm)3.30-4.30范围信号判定为糖环中H2-H6的H信号。
从13C NMR谱图(图8)中,δ(ppm)99.81判定为α型糖苷键的端基C信号,谱图中未见β型糖苷键端基C信号,由此判断δ(ppm)4.80处的H信号为α型糖苷键端基H,并可能为α-1,6糖苷键端基H;13C NMR谱中δ(ppm)65-85范围信号为糖环C2-C5的C信号;δ(ppm)60.52处信号为-CH2OH的C信号,即C6信号。
结合1H-13C HSQC和1H-1H COSY谱图(图10、图11),可以归属出明显的4组糖基的碳氢信号,即A、B、C、D(E信号不明显),如GFP-Z化学结构片段图所示(图13)。根据糖基核磁1H和13C信号,判断出糖基C的4位与6位与其他糖基相连,根据已有的信息判断其他糖基分别以α-1,4和α-1,6糖苷键连接在糖基C上;同理,判断其他糖基以α-1,4糖苷键连接在糖基B和D上。根据1H-1H ROSY谱图中δ(ppm)4.80(D1)处相关信号可以推断出糖基D与糖基C的6位相连,1H-1H ROSY谱图中δ(ppm)5.40处相关信号佐证了先前α-1,4糖苷键的判断。各信息互相佐证,GFP-Z应以α-1,4糖苷键连接A-Bx1-C-Bx2形成主链,以α-1,4糖苷键连接的分支A-Bx3-D以α-1,6糖苷键连接于糖基C的6位。结合GFP-Z的甲基化GC-MS数据和1H NMR谱图,判断GFP-Z的分支化度约为1/10。
综合GFP-Z的单糖组成分析、红外(IR)谱图、甲基化GC-MS分析和NMR谱图数据,推断均一多糖GFP-Z是由α(1,4)-D-Glc组成,存在通过α-1,6糖苷键连接的支链,分支化度约为1/10,如GFP-Z化学结构片段图所示(图13)。
实施例6
降糖效果实验:
本次实验使用BKS-db/db小鼠(雄性,6-7周龄)、BKS-m同窝阴性小鼠(雄性,6-7周龄),均给予维持饲料。适应性喂养1周后,监测空腹血糖,BKS-db/db小鼠选择血糖值在10-20mmol/L范围内的进行随机分组(模型对照、阳性对照和GFP-Z给药组,n=7),进行后续实验。以BKS-m小鼠作为正常对照(n=7)。阳性药物为二甲双胍,给药剂量200mg/kg/day;GFP-Z给药剂量为60mg/kg/day,以腹腔注射为给药方式连续给药30天,正常对照和模型对照腹腔注射同等体积生理盐水。每10日监测空腹血糖值,具体操作为禁食5小时后开始用血糖仪(ACCU-CHEK Performa罗氏卓越金采血糖仪)测量血糖,在30min内完成血糖测量。实验过程中记录饮水量和食用饲料重量。
空腹血糖结果显示,在第20天监测空腹血糖时GFP-Z给药组血糖与模型组血糖开始具有显著性差异(P<0.001),在第30天监测空腹血糖时效果依旧显著(P<0.001),且GFP-Z的降血糖效果明显优于阳性药物二甲双胍(P<0.05)(图14)。
饮水量/体重结果显示,模型对照组小鼠的饮水/体重值随时间逐渐升高;阳性药物二甲双胍组和GFP-Z给药组的饮水/体重值都明显低于模型对照组,从时间上,二者在0-10天差异不明显,但随着时间的增加,阳性药物二甲双胍组的饮水/体重值逐渐升高,而GFP-Z给药组的饮水/体重值依旧处于较低水平甚至有下降的趋势。总体来说,各组小鼠的饮水/体重值与其血糖值有较为明显的相关性,此结果符合二型糖尿病症状(图15)。
食用饲料/体重结果显示,模型对照组小鼠的食用饲料/体重值随时间一直处在较高水平;阳性药物二甲双胍组和GFP-Z给药组的食用饲料/体重值都低于模型对照组并呈现下降趋势,相比较而言,GFP-Z给药组下降的幅度明显大于二甲双胍组。在10-20天时,GFP-Z给药组的食用饲料/体重值已经低于正常小鼠,推测可能是因为db/db小鼠体重超过正常小鼠的2倍造成。总体来说,各组小鼠的食用饲料/体重值与其血糖值有较为明显的相关性,此结果符合二型糖尿病症状(图16)。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出的是,上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制,本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z,其特征在于,所述的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z是由α(1,4)-D-Glc组成,存在通过α-1,6糖苷键连接的支链,其化学结构片段如下所示:
2.根据权利要求1所述的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z,其特征在于,所述的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的分子量大于1000kDa。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z的简便快速制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将灰树花子实体粉碎,热水提取,过滤,将滤渣再用热水提取,过滤,合并滤液;然后离心,上清液用滤纸抽滤后,浓缩;浓缩水提物放置室温后将乙醇加入其中,慢加快搅,混合均匀后静置,离心,用纯化水重悬沉淀,旋蒸除去乙醇,得到重悬液标为GF42;
(2)往GF42中加入纯化水,搅拌后离心,将上清液抽滤,然后往滤液中加入乙醇,慢加快搅,离心,收集沉淀,将沉淀用纯化水复溶,冻干,得到灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的浓缩水提物和乙醇的体积比为1.5:(1~1.25)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的滤液和乙醇的体积比为6:(4~5)。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的抽滤使用0.22μm的水系微孔滤膜抽滤。
7.权利要求1所述的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z在制备治疗糖尿病药物中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的糖尿病为二型糖尿病。
9.一种治疗糖尿病的药物,其特征在于,该药物包含权利要求1所述的灰树花均一多糖GFP-Z作为活性成分。
10.根据权利要求9所述的药物,其特征在于,所述的糖尿病为二型糖尿病。
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