CN117507543A - 一种tpu高阻隔复合织物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种tpu高阻隔复合织物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN117507543A
CN117507543A CN202311163649.0A CN202311163649A CN117507543A CN 117507543 A CN117507543 A CN 117507543A CN 202311163649 A CN202311163649 A CN 202311163649A CN 117507543 A CN117507543 A CN 117507543A
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刘彦平
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Abstract

本发明提供了TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1.载Ag+导电多孔碳的制备；S2.静电纺丝膜的制备；S3.载银静电纺丝膜的制备；S4.多孔炭化纤维素膜的制备；S5.复合织物的制备。本发明通过多孔材料与静电纺丝膜以及和多孔炭化纤维膜的配合，会导致织物内部三维结构变得更加的复杂。从而导致复合材料内部对电磁波的吸收和反射更多，这种复杂的结构使得电磁波很难直接穿透复合织物，提高了电磁屏蔽的效果。

Description

一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及防护面料领域，具体涉及一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法。
背景技术
TPU聚氨酯的具体名称为热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶，TPU是由二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）、甲苯 二异氰酸酯（TDI）和大分子多元醇、扩链剂共同反应聚合而成的高分子材料。TPU能在一定热度下变软，而在常温下保持不变，这是它能够成为服装以及配饰材料的重要原因。TPU材料在服装设计行业中的运用形式主要是使用TPU覆膜技术生产出TPU复合面料。TPU复合面料是将一层或多层纺织材料、无纺材料及其他功能材料经黏结贴合而成的一种新型材料，同样具有TPU材料弹性好、强韧、耐磨、耐寒性好、环保无毒的优越特性。
随着电子、电气、机械、通信的发展，电磁波的危害正在逐渐被人们所认识，电磁辐射从各方面威胁着人们的健康。日常生产和生活中使用的电子设备和仪器，如高频加热炉、高压输
电线、计算机终端等的周围都可能产生电磁波的辐射。电磁辐射达到一定的强度会影响人的神经、生殖、免疫及心血管系统，从而诱发各种疾病。为此，电磁屏蔽功能织物应运而生，并且越来越多地被人们使用。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题：本发明的目的是提供一种TPU高阻隔复合织物，通过多层复合的方式，形成具备服用效果的电磁屏蔽型面料。
技术方案：一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1. 载Ag+导电多孔碳的制备：将硝酸银在室温避光情况下加入水中，搅拌溶解制得浓度为2-4.5wt%AgNO3溶液，将导电多孔碳浸泡于AgNO3溶液中，使得导电多孔碳充分吸附Ag+，得到载Ag+导电多孔碳；
S2.静电纺丝膜的制备：将TPU加入至DMF中配置浓度为10-12wt%的纺丝液，待TPU在DMF中完全溶解后，加入载Ag+导电多孔碳，载Ag+导电多孔碳在纺丝液中浓度为1.5-2.6wt%，混合均匀后，进行静电纺丝，制得静电纺丝膜；
S3. 载银静电纺丝膜的制备：将步骤S2制备得到的静电纺丝膜加入至NaOH的乙醇溶液中，进行微波处理，然后将纤维膜取出清洗烘干，得到载银静电纺丝膜；
S4. 多孔炭化纤维素膜的制备：将竹纤维溶解于将NaOH/尿素/水溶液中，得到竹纤维素溶液，将竹纤维素溶液冷却至-10℃，冷冻保存10-20h，然后将竹纤维素溶液解冻并铺膜得到竹纤维素膜，将竹纤维素膜依次置于酸溶剂，水和叔丁醇中进行置换，得到水凝胶膜，将水凝胶膜进行冷冻干燥得到多孔纤维素气凝胶膜，将多孔纤维素气凝胶膜进行炭化处理，得到多孔炭化纤维素膜；
S5.复合织物的制备：将织物里料，TPU薄膜，载银静电纺丝膜以及多孔炭化纤维素膜通过PUR黏合剂进行贴合得到复合织物。
优选的，所述导电多孔炭的制备方法为：
S11. 将蚕沙洗净后干燥，研磨至粉末状，然后置于加热炉中，通N2以5℃/min 升至700℃炭化2 h，得到炭化蚕沙；
S12.将炭化蚕沙和片状KOH 按质量比2-3:1混合，通入 N2 进行二次活化，将活化后的产品用酸反应，再用蒸馏水清洗至pH为中性，得到的多孔生物炭；
S13.将多孔生物炭浸泡于氯化铁溶液中，超声将溶液渗透至多孔生物炭的内部，然后取出多孔生物炭，将多孔生物炭置于-5~5℃的吡咯蒸汽中进行氧化，得到导电多孔炭。
优选的，所述步骤S2中静电纺丝膜为孔隙率渐变的静电纺丝膜，所述静电纺丝膜由靠近皮肤的一侧至远离皮肤的一侧孔隙率逐渐变小。
优选的，所述静电纺丝膜靠近皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为80-95%，静电纺丝膜远离皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为40-60%.
优选的，所述步骤S3中微波处理的参数为在功率为200-350W的条件下微波20-40s。
优选的，所述步骤S4中竹纤维素溶液的浓度为1.8-2.5wt%，所述竹纤维素膜的厚度为0.8-1.2mm，所述炭化处理为在无氧环境下，在600-700℃下炭化30-60min。
优选的，所述步骤S5中复合织物按照织物里料，多孔炭化纤维素膜，载银静电纺丝膜和TPU薄膜由里及外的顺序进行复合。
优选的，所述织物里料为针织，机织或无纺布面料，所述织物里料包括锦纶织物，涤纶织物和棉织物。
有益效果：本发明制备方法具有以下优点：
本发明采用多层复合的方式制备高阻隔电磁屏蔽织物，最外层为TPU薄膜，然后是载银静电纺丝膜，多孔炭化纤维素膜，最后是织物里料，其中载银静电纺丝膜，多孔炭化纤维素膜具备屏蔽功能，载银静电纺丝膜采用复合屏蔽材料，先制备了含有聚吡咯的多孔碳，将多孔碳浸泡含Ag+的溶液后进行静电纺丝，在制成静电纺丝膜后，通过反应制备成含Ag的静电纺丝膜，形成电磁屏蔽层，且静电纺丝膜的孔隙是渐变的，最外层的静电纺丝膜的孔隙率较小，具有屏蔽大部分电磁辐射的功能，而进入内部的电磁辐射较小，通过孔隙率较大的静电纺丝膜和多孔炭化纤维膜就可以吸收屏蔽掉，提高了电磁屏蔽的效果；
载银静电纺丝膜采用几种电磁屏蔽的材料的配合，进一步提高了电磁屏蔽的效果，且多孔材料与静电纺丝膜以及和多孔炭化纤维膜的配合，会导致织物内部三维结构变得更加的复杂。从而导致复合材料内部对电磁波的吸收和反射更多，这种复杂的结构使得电磁波很难直接穿透复合织物，提高了电磁屏蔽的效果。
实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述，以下实施例是对本发明的解释而本发明不局限于以下实施例，实施例中所采用的织物里料为涤纶面料，经密*纬密为500*460根/10cm-1，织物的厚度为0.13mm，经纬纱线均为4.44tex：
实施例1
一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1. 载Ag+导电多孔碳的制备：将硝酸银在室温避光情况下加入水中，搅拌溶解制得浓度为2wt%AgNO3溶液，将导电多孔碳浸泡于AgNO3溶液中，使得导电多孔碳充分吸附Ag+，得到载Ag+导电多孔碳；
S2.静电纺丝膜的制备：将TPU加入至DMF中配置浓度为12wt%的纺丝液，待TPU在DMF中完全溶解后，加入载Ag+导电多孔碳，载Ag+导电多孔碳在纺丝液中浓度为2.6wt%，混合均匀后，进行静电纺丝，制得静电纺丝膜，所述静电纺丝膜靠近皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为80%，其厚度为0.1mm，静电纺丝膜远离皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为40%，其厚度为0.1mm；
S3. 载银静电纺丝膜的制备：将步骤S2制备得到的静电纺丝膜加入至NaOH的乙醇溶液中，进行微波处理，微波处理的参数为在功率为350W的条件下微波20s，然后将纤维膜取出清洗烘干，得到载银静电纺丝膜；
S4. 多孔炭化纤维素膜的制备：将竹纤维溶解于将NaOH/尿素/水溶液中，得到浓度为1.8wt%的竹纤维素溶液，将竹纤维素溶液冷却至-10℃，冷冻保存10h，然后将竹纤维素溶液解冻并铺膜得到竹纤维素膜，竹纤维素膜的厚度为0.8mm，将竹纤维素膜依次置于酸溶剂，水和叔丁醇中进行置换，得到水凝胶膜，将水凝胶膜进行冷冻干燥得到多孔纤维素气凝胶膜，冷冻干燥的温度为-20℃，时间为20h，将多孔纤维素气凝胶膜进行炭化处理，炭化处理为在无氧环境下，在600℃下炭化60min，得到多孔炭化纤维素膜；
S5.复合织物的制备：按照织物里料，多孔炭化纤维素膜，载银静电纺丝膜和TPU薄膜由里及外的顺序通过PUR黏合剂进行贴合得到复合织物。
其中，所述导电多孔炭的制备方法为：
S11. 将蚕沙洗净后干燥，研磨至粉末状，然后置于加热炉中，通N2以5℃/min 升至700℃炭化2 h，得到炭化蚕沙；
S12.将炭化蚕沙和片状KOH 按质量比2:1混合，通入N2进行二次活化，将活化后的产品用酸反应，再用蒸馏水清洗至pH为中性，得到的多孔生物炭；
S13.将多孔生物炭浸泡于氯化铁溶液中，超声将溶液渗透至多孔生物炭的内部，然后取出多孔生物炭，将多孔生物炭置于5℃的吡咯蒸汽中进行氧化，得到导电多孔炭。
实施例2
一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1. 载Ag+导电多孔碳的制备：将硝酸银在室温避光情况下加入水中，搅拌溶解制得浓度为4.5wt%AgNO3溶液，将导电多孔碳浸泡于AgNO3溶液中，使得导电多孔碳充分吸附Ag+，得到载Ag+导电多孔碳；
S2.静电纺丝膜的制备：将TPU加入至DMF中配置浓度为10wt%的纺丝液，待TPU在DMF中完全溶解后，加入载Ag+导电多孔碳，载Ag+导电多孔碳在纺丝液中浓度为1.5wt%，混合均匀后，进行静电纺丝，制得静电纺丝膜，所述静电纺丝膜靠近皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为95%，其厚度为0.1mm，静电纺丝膜远离皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为60%，其厚度为0.1mm；
S3. 载银静电纺丝膜的制备：将步骤S2制备得到的静电纺丝膜加入至NaOH的乙醇溶液中，进行微波处理，微波处理的参数为在功率为200W的条件下微波40s，然后将纤维膜取出清洗烘干，得到载银静电纺丝膜；
S4. 多孔炭化纤维素膜的制备：将竹纤维溶解于将NaOH/尿素/水溶液中，得到浓度为2.5wt%的竹纤维素溶液，将竹纤维素溶液冷却至-10℃，冷冻保存10h，然后将竹纤维素溶液解冻并铺膜得到竹纤维素膜，竹纤维素膜的厚度为1.2mm，将竹纤维素膜依次置于酸溶剂，水和叔丁醇中进行置换，得到水凝胶膜，将水凝胶膜进行冷冻干燥得到多孔纤维素气凝胶膜，冷冻干燥的温度为-20℃，时间为20h，将多孔纤维素气凝胶膜进行炭化处理，炭化处理为在无氧环境下，在700℃下炭化30min，得到多孔炭化纤维素膜；
S5.复合织物的制备：按照织物里料，多孔炭化纤维素膜，载银静电纺丝膜和TPU薄膜由里及外的顺序通过PUR黏合剂进行贴合得到复合织物。
其中，所述导电多孔炭的制备方法为：
S11. 将蚕沙洗净后干燥，研磨至粉末状，然后置于加热炉中，通N2以5℃/min 升至700℃炭化2 h，得到炭化蚕沙；
S12.将炭化蚕沙和片状KOH 按质量比3:1混合，通入N2进行二次活化，将活化后的产品用酸反应，再用蒸馏水清洗至pH为中性，得到的多孔生物炭；
S13.将多孔生物炭浸泡于氯化铁溶液中，超声将溶液渗透至多孔生物炭的内部，然后取出多孔生物炭，将多孔生物炭置于-5℃的吡咯蒸汽中进行氧化，得到导电多孔炭。
实施例3
一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1. 载Ag+导电多孔碳的制备：将硝酸银在室温避光情况下加入水中，搅拌溶解制得浓度为2.5wt%AgNO3溶液，将导电多孔碳浸泡于AgNO3溶液中，使得导电多孔碳充分吸附Ag+，得到载Ag+导电多孔碳；
S2.静电纺丝膜的制备：将TPU加入至DMF中配置浓度为12wt%的纺丝液，待TPU在DMF中完全溶解后，加入载Ag+导电多孔碳，载Ag+导电多孔碳在纺丝液中浓度为1.8wt%，混合均匀后，进行静电纺丝，制得静电纺丝膜，所述静电纺丝膜靠近皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为85%，其厚度为0.1mm，静电纺丝膜远离皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为45%，其厚度为0.1mm；
S3. 载银静电纺丝膜的制备：将步骤S2制备得到的静电纺丝膜加入至NaOH的乙醇溶液中，进行微波处理，微波处理的参数为在功率为320W的条件下微波25s，然后将纤维膜取出清洗烘干，得到载银静电纺丝膜；
S4. 多孔炭化纤维素膜的制备：将竹纤维溶解于将NaOH/尿素/水溶液中，得到浓度为2.4wt%的竹纤维素溶液，将竹纤维素溶液冷却至-10℃，冷冻保存20h，然后将竹纤维素溶液解冻并铺膜得到竹纤维素膜，竹纤维素膜的厚度为1.1mm，将竹纤维素膜依次置于酸溶剂，水和叔丁醇中进行置换，得到水凝胶膜，将水凝胶膜进行冷冻干燥得到多孔纤维素气凝胶膜，冷冻干燥的温度为-20℃，时间为20h，将多孔纤维素气凝胶膜进行炭化处理，炭化处理为在无氧环境下，在630℃下炭化50min，得到多孔炭化纤维素膜；
S5.复合织物的制备：按照织物里料，多孔炭化纤维素膜，载银静电纺丝膜和TPU薄膜由里及外的顺序通过PUR黏合剂进行贴合得到复合织物。
其中，所述导电多孔炭的制备方法为：
S11. 将蚕沙洗净后干燥，研磨至粉末状，然后置于加热炉中，通N2以5℃/min 升至700℃炭化2 h，得到炭化蚕沙；
S12.将炭化蚕沙和片状KOH 按质量比2.2:1混合，通入N2进行二次活化，将活化后的产品用酸反应，再用蒸馏水清洗至pH为中性，得到的多孔生物炭；
S13.将多孔生物炭浸泡于氯化铁溶液中，超声将溶液渗透至多孔生物炭的内部，然后取出多孔生物炭，将多孔生物炭置于-5℃的吡咯蒸汽中进行氧化，得到导电多孔炭。
实施例4
一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1. 载Ag+导电多孔碳的制备：将硝酸银在室温避光情况下加入水中，搅拌溶解制得浓度为3.5wt%AgNO3溶液，将导电多孔碳浸泡于AgNO3溶液中，使得导电多孔碳充分吸附Ag+，得到载Ag+导电多孔碳；
S2.静电纺丝膜的制备：将TPU加入至DMF中配置浓度为10wt%的纺丝液，待TPU在DMF中完全溶解后，加入载Ag+导电多孔碳，载Ag+导电多孔碳在纺丝液中浓度为2.2wt%，混合均匀后，进行静电纺丝，制得静电纺丝膜，所述静电纺丝膜靠近皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为92%，其厚度为0.1mm，静电纺丝膜远离皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为55%，其厚度为0.1mm；
S3. 载银静电纺丝膜的制备：将步骤S2制备得到的静电纺丝膜加入至NaOH的乙醇溶液中，进行微波处理，微波处理的参数为在功率为250W的条件下微波35s，然后将纤维膜取出清洗烘干，得到载银静电纺丝膜；
S4. 多孔炭化纤维素膜的制备：将竹纤维溶解于将NaOH/尿素/水溶液中，得到浓度为2wt%的竹纤维素溶液，将竹纤维素溶液冷却至-10℃，冷冻保存10h，然后将竹纤维素溶液解冻并铺膜得到竹纤维素膜，竹纤维素膜的厚度为0.9mm，将竹纤维素膜依次置于酸溶剂，水和叔丁醇中进行置换，得到水凝胶膜，将水凝胶膜进行冷冻干燥得到多孔纤维素气凝胶膜，冷冻干燥的温度为-20℃，时间为20h，将多孔纤维素气凝胶膜进行炭化处理，炭化处理为在无氧环境下，在680℃下炭化40min，得到多孔炭化纤维素膜；
S5.复合织物的制备：按照织物里料，多孔炭化纤维素膜，载银静电纺丝膜和TPU薄膜由里及外的顺序通过PUR黏合剂进行贴合得到复合织物。
其中，所述导电多孔炭的制备方法为：
S11. 将蚕沙洗净后干燥，研磨至粉末状，然后置于加热炉中，通N2以5℃/min 升至700℃炭化2 h，得到炭化蚕沙；
S12.将炭化蚕沙和片状KOH 按质量比2.8:1混合，通入N2进行二次活化，将活化后的产品用酸反应，再用蒸馏水清洗至pH为中性，得到的多孔生物炭；
S13.将多孔生物炭浸泡于氯化铁溶液中，超声将溶液渗透至多孔生物炭的内部，然后取出多孔生物炭，将多孔生物炭置于5℃的吡咯蒸汽中进行氧化，得到导电多孔炭。
实施例5
一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1. 载Ag+导电多孔碳的制备：将硝酸银在室温避光情况下加入水中，搅拌溶解制得浓度为3wt%AgNO3溶液，将导电多孔碳浸泡于AgNO3溶液中，使得导电多孔碳充分吸附Ag+，得到载Ag+导电多孔碳；
S2.静电纺丝膜的制备：将TPU加入至DMF中配置浓度为11.5wt%的纺丝液，待TPU在DMF中完全溶解后，加入载Ag+导电多孔碳，载Ag+导电多孔碳在纺丝液中浓度为2wt%，混合均匀后，进行静电纺丝，制得静电纺丝膜，所述静电纺丝膜靠近皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为90%，其厚度为0.1mm，静电纺丝膜远离皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为50%，其厚度为0.1mm；
S3. 载银静电纺丝膜的制备：将步骤S2制备得到的静电纺丝膜加入至NaOH的乙醇溶液中，进行微波处理，微波处理的参数为在功率为290W的条件下微波30s，然后将纤维膜取出清洗烘干，得到载银静电纺丝膜；
S4. 多孔炭化纤维素膜的制备：将竹纤维溶解于将NaOH/尿素/水溶液中，得到浓度为2.2wt%的竹纤维素溶液，将竹纤维素溶液冷却至-10℃，冷冻保存15h，然后将竹纤维素溶液解冻并铺膜得到竹纤维素膜，竹纤维素膜的厚度为1mm，将竹纤维素膜依次置于酸溶剂，水和叔丁醇中进行置换，得到水凝胶膜，将水凝胶膜进行冷冻干燥得到多孔纤维素气凝胶膜，冷冻干燥的温度为-20℃，时间为20h，将多孔纤维素气凝胶膜进行炭化处理，炭化处理为在无氧环境下，在650℃下炭化45min，得到多孔炭化纤维素膜；
S5.复合织物的制备：按照织物里料，多孔炭化纤维素膜，载银静电纺丝膜和TPU薄膜由里及外的顺序通过PUR黏合剂进行贴合得到复合织物。
其中，所述导电多孔炭的制备方法为：
S11. 将蚕沙洗净后干燥，研磨至粉末状，然后置于加热炉中，通N2以5℃/min 升至700℃炭化2 h，得到炭化蚕沙；
S12.将炭化蚕沙和片状KOH 按质量比2.5:1混合，通入N2进行二次活化，将活化后的产品用酸反应，再用蒸馏水清洗至pH为中性，得到的多孔生物炭；
S13.将多孔生物炭浸泡于氯化铁溶液中，超声将溶液渗透至多孔生物炭的内部，然后取出多孔生物炭，将多孔生物炭置于0℃的吡咯蒸汽中进行氧化，得到导电多孔炭。
对比例1
一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1. 载Ag+导电多孔碳的制备：将硝酸银在室温避光情况下加入水中，搅拌溶解制得浓度为2wt%AgNO3溶液，将多孔生物炭浸泡于AgNO3溶液中，使得导电多孔碳充分吸附Ag+，得到载Ag+导电多孔碳；
S2.静电纺丝膜的制备：将TPU加入至DMF中配置浓度为12wt%的纺丝液，待TPU在DMF中完全溶解后，加入载Ag+导电多孔碳，载Ag+导电多孔碳在纺丝液中浓度为2.6wt%，混合均匀后，进行静电纺丝，制得静电纺丝膜，所述静电纺丝膜靠近皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为80%，其厚度为0.1mm，静电纺丝膜远离皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为40%，其厚度为0.1mm；
S3. 载银静电纺丝膜的制备：将步骤S2制备得到的静电纺丝膜加入至NaOH的乙醇溶液中，进行微波处理，微波处理的参数为在功率为350W的条件下微波20s，然后将纤维膜取出清洗烘干，得到载银静电纺丝膜；
S4. 多孔炭化纤维素膜的制备：将竹纤维溶解于将NaOH/尿素/水溶液中，得到浓度为1.8wt%的竹纤维素溶液，将竹纤维素溶液冷却至-10℃，冷冻保存10h，然后将竹纤维素溶液解冻并铺膜得到竹纤维素膜，竹纤维素膜的厚度为0.8mm，将竹纤维素膜依次置于酸溶剂，水和叔丁醇中进行置换，得到水凝胶膜，将水凝胶膜进行冷冻干燥得到多孔纤维素气凝胶膜，冷冻干燥的温度为-20℃，时间为20h，将多孔纤维素气凝胶膜进行炭化处理，炭化处理为在无氧环境下，在600℃下炭化60min，得到多孔炭化纤维素膜；
S5.复合织物的制备：按照织物里料，多孔炭化纤维素膜，载银静电纺丝膜和TPU薄膜由里及外的顺序通过PUR黏合剂进行贴合得到复合织物。
其中，所述多孔生物炭的制备方法为：
S11. 将蚕沙洗净后干燥，研磨至粉末状，然后置于加热炉中，通N2以5℃/min 升至700℃炭化2 h，得到炭化蚕沙；
S12.将炭化蚕沙和片状KOH 按质量比2:1混合，通入N2进行二次活化，将活化后的产品用酸反应，再用蒸馏水清洗至pH为中性，得到的多孔生物炭。
对比例2
一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1. 载Ag+导电多孔碳的制备：将硝酸银在室温避光情况下加入水中，搅拌溶解制得浓度为3wt%AgNO3溶液，将导电多孔碳浸泡于AgNO3溶液中，使得导电多孔碳充分吸附Ag+，得到载Ag+导电多孔碳；
S2.静电纺丝膜的制备：将TPU加入至DMF中配置浓度为11.5wt%的纺丝液，待TPU在DMF中完全溶解后，加入载Ag+导电多孔碳，载Ag+导电多孔碳在纺丝液中浓度为2wt%，混合均匀后，进行静电纺丝，制得静电纺丝膜，所述静电纺丝膜的孔隙率为90%，其厚度为0.2mm；
S3. 载银静电纺丝膜的制备：将步骤S2制备得到的静电纺丝膜加入至NaOH的乙醇溶液中，进行微波处理，微波处理的参数为在功率为290W的条件下微波30s，然后将纤维膜取出清洗烘干，得到载银静电纺丝膜；
S4. 多孔炭化纤维素膜的制备：将竹纤维溶解于将NaOH/尿素/水溶液中，得到浓度为2.2wt%的竹纤维素溶液，将竹纤维素溶液冷却至-10℃，冷冻保存15h，然后将竹纤维素溶液解冻并铺膜得到竹纤维素膜，竹纤维素膜的厚度为1mm，将竹纤维素膜依次置于酸溶剂，水和叔丁醇中进行置换，得到水凝胶膜，将水凝胶膜进行冷冻干燥得到多孔纤维素气凝胶膜，冷冻干燥的温度为-20℃，时间为20h，将多孔纤维素气凝胶膜进行炭化处理，炭化处理为在无氧环境下，在650℃下炭化45min，得到多孔炭化纤维素膜；
S5.复合织物的制备：按照织物里料，多孔炭化纤维素膜，载银静电纺丝膜和TPU薄膜由里及外的顺序通过PUR黏合剂进行贴合得到复合织物。
其中，所述导电多孔炭的制备方法为：
S11. 将蚕沙洗净后干燥，研磨至粉末状，然后置于加热炉中，通N2以5℃/min 升至700℃炭化2 h，得到炭化蚕沙；
S12.将炭化蚕沙和片状KOH 按质量比2.5:1混合，通入N2进行二次活化，将活化后的产品用酸反应，再用蒸馏水清洗至pH为中性，得到的多孔生物炭；
S13.将多孔生物炭浸泡于氯化铁溶液中，超声将溶液渗透至多孔生物炭的内部，然后取出多孔生物炭，将多孔生物炭置于0℃的吡咯蒸汽中进行氧化，得到导电多孔炭。
对比例3
一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1. 载Ag+导电多孔碳的制备：将硝酸银在室温避光情况下加入水中，搅拌溶解制得浓度为4.5wt%AgNO3溶液，将导电多孔碳浸泡于AgNO3溶液中，使得导电多孔碳充分吸附Ag+，得到载Ag+导电多孔碳；
S2.静电纺丝膜的制备：将TPU加入至DMF中配置浓度为10wt%的纺丝液，待TPU在DMF中完全溶解后，加入载Ag+导电多孔碳，载Ag+导电多孔碳在纺丝液中浓度为1.5wt%，混合均匀后，进行静电纺丝，制得静电纺丝膜，所述静电纺丝膜靠近皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为95%，其厚度为0.1mm，静电纺丝膜远离皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为60%，其厚度为0.1mm；
S3. 载银静电纺丝膜的制备：将步骤S2制备得到的静电纺丝膜加入至NaOH的乙醇溶液中，进行微波处理，微波处理的参数为在功率为200W的条件下微波40s，然后将纤维膜取出清洗烘干，得到载银静电纺丝膜；
S4. 复合织物的制备：按照织物里料，载银静电纺丝膜和TPU薄膜由里及外的顺序通过PUR黏合剂进行贴合得到复合织物。
其中，所述导电多孔炭的制备方法为：
S11. 将蚕沙洗净后干燥，研磨至粉末状，然后置于加热炉中，通N2以5℃/min 升至700℃炭化2 h，得到炭化蚕沙；
S12.将炭化蚕沙和片状KOH 按质量比3:1混合，通入N2进行二次活化，将活化后的产品用酸反应，再用蒸馏水清洗至pH为中性，得到的多孔生物炭；
S13.将多孔生物炭浸泡于氯化铁溶液中，超声将溶液渗透至多孔生物炭的内部，然后取出多孔生物炭，将多孔生物炭置于-5℃的吡咯蒸汽中进行氧化，得到导电多孔炭。
性能测试：
依据标准 ASTM D4935-1999《平面材料的屏蔽效应的试验方法》，采用同轴传输线法对复合织物进行电磁屏蔽效能测试（电磁波测试频率范围为30-1000MHz）。
实施例中的织物的电磁屏蔽效果均远远超过商业应用所需的约20dB防护水平，织物电磁防护机理是复合织物对电磁波多次反射和织物吸收的结合，达到较强的电磁防护效果。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (8)

1.一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1. 载Ag+导电多孔碳的制备：将硝酸银在室温避光情况下加入水中，搅拌溶解制得浓度为2-4.5wt%AgNO3溶液，将导电多孔碳浸泡于AgNO3溶液中，使得导电多孔碳充分吸附Ag+，得到载Ag+导电多孔碳；
S2.静电纺丝膜的制备：将TPU加入至DMF中配置浓度为10-12wt%的纺丝液，待TPU在DMF中完全溶解后，加入载Ag+导电多孔碳，载Ag+导电多孔碳在纺丝液中浓度为1.5-2.6wt%，混合均匀后，进行静电纺丝，制得静电纺丝膜；
S3. 载银静电纺丝膜的制备：将步骤S2制备得到的静电纺丝膜加入至NaOH的乙醇溶液中，进行微波处理，然后将纤维膜取出清洗烘干，得到载银静电纺丝膜；
S4. 多孔炭化纤维素膜的制备：将竹纤维溶解于将NaOH/尿素/水溶液中，得到竹纤维素溶液，将竹纤维素溶液冷却至-10℃，冷冻保存10-20h，然后将竹纤维素溶液解冻并铺膜得到竹纤维素膜，将竹纤维素膜依次置于酸溶剂，水和叔丁醇中进行置换，得到水凝胶膜，将水凝胶膜进行冷冻干燥得到多孔纤维素气凝胶膜，将多孔纤维素气凝胶膜进行炭化处理，得到多孔炭化纤维素膜；
S5.复合织物的制备：将织物里料，TPU薄膜，载银静电纺丝膜以及多孔炭化纤维素膜通过PUR黏合剂进行贴合得到复合织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述导电多孔炭的制备方法为：
S11. 将蚕沙洗净后干燥，研磨至粉末状，然后置于加热炉中，通N2以5℃/min 升至700℃炭化2 h，得到炭化蚕沙；
S12.将炭化蚕沙和片状KOH 按质量比2-3:1混合，通入 N2 进行二次活化，将活化后的产品用酸反应，再用蒸馏水清洗至pH为中性，得到的多孔生物炭；
S13.将多孔生物炭浸泡于氯化铁溶液中，超声将溶液渗透至多孔生物炭的内部，然后取出多孔生物炭，将多孔生物炭置于-5~5℃的吡咯蒸汽中进行氧化，得到导电多孔炭。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中静电纺丝膜为孔隙率渐变的静电纺丝膜，所述静电纺丝膜由靠近皮肤的一侧至远离皮肤的一侧孔隙率逐渐变小。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述静电纺丝膜靠近皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为80-95%，静电纺丝膜远离皮肤的一侧的孔隙率为40-60%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S3中微波处理的参数为在功率为200-350W的条件下微波20-40s。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S4中竹纤维素溶液的浓度为1.8-2.5wt%，所述竹纤维素膜的厚度为0.8-1.2mm，所述炭化处理为在无氧环境下，在600-700℃下炭化30-60min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S5中复合织物按照织物里料，多孔炭化纤维素膜，载银静电纺丝膜和TPU薄膜由里及外的顺序进行复合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种TPU高阻隔复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述织物里料为针织，机织或无纺布面料，所述织物里料包括锦纶织物，涤纶织物和棉织物。
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