CN117505772B - Method for improving surface quality and castability of cast aluminum wheel of new energy automobile - Google Patents
Method for improving surface quality and castability of cast aluminum wheel of new energy automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN117505772B CN117505772B CN202410023308.1A CN202410023308A CN117505772B CN 117505772 B CN117505772 B CN 117505772B CN 202410023308 A CN202410023308 A CN 202410023308A CN 117505772 B CN117505772 B CN 117505772B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C23/00—Tools; Devices not mentioned before for moulding
- B22C23/02—Devices for coating moulds or cores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/2007—Methods or apparatus for cleaning or lubricating moulds
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A method for improving the surface quality and castability of cast aluminum wheels of new energy automobiles comprises the following steps: the paint formula of the metal mold, the preparation, the surface treatment of the metal mold and the paint spraying process require four parts, and the paint formula is composed of two kinds of paint A and paint B according to the protection of the mold, the regulation and control of a temperature field, the regulation and control of castability and the requirements of the surface finish of a casting, the paint effectively improves the film forming capability and the adhesive force of the coating through adding graphene and homogenizing treatment in the preparation process, and the ceramic coating with strong thermal fatigue resistance, strong adhesive force and high wear resistance is obtained through the pretreatment of the surface of the mold and the special paint spraying process before spraying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of casting, in particular to a method for improving the surface quality and castability of a cast aluminum wheel of a new energy automobile through a new paint formula, a new paint preparation and a new spraying process.
Background
In recent years, new energy vehicles represented by pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles are rapidly growing worldwide, particularly in China, and are rapidly developing in the automobile industry. The development of automobile tires to tubeless, large diameter and flattened directions is rapid. On one hand, the contact area between the flattened tire with the large diameter and the ground is larger, the adhesive force and the friction force between the automobile and the ground are increased, and the steering performance of the automobile is better, so that the safety and the comfort of the automobile are improved; on the other hand, the large-diameter flattened tire is matched with the corresponding wheel, so that the modern, overlooking and fashionable performances are more obvious, and the vehicle is deeply favored by young vehicle playing groups; as tires rapidly develop towards tubeless, large diameter, flattened, aluminum alloy wheels matched with the tires have a trend towards large diameter, wide rims.
The new energy automobile has the whole weight of 250-400 Kg greater than that of the fuel oil automobile with the same specification, and the driving system is characterized by large driving motor power and torque density, high torque, strong overload capacity and large instant starting torque. As the aluminum alloy wheel is one of the key components of the driving system of the new energy automobile, the new energy automobile is generally heavier than the traditional automobile with the same level, the load born by the wheel is larger, the requirements on strength and fatigue resistance are higher, and the safety and the reliability of the wheel are far higher than those of the conventional fuel automobile wheel.
The manufacturing modes of the automobile aluminum wheels are classified into casting and forging modes according to the major categories, and the ratio of the automobile aluminum wheels manufactured in the casting mode in China is more than 90%. For the aluminum alloy wheel casting technology, the performance, formula, preparation method, pretreatment before spraying of the metal mold coating and spraying technology of the mold coating are key factors for influencing the service life of the mold, adjusting a casting temperature field, improving castability, improving the surface quality of castings, preventing casting defects, improving the safety and reliability of the wheels and improving the production efficiency. In the manufacturing industry of cast aluminum wheels, particularly in the casting process of large-size casting molds, the problems of quick ageing of the paint, low thermal fatigue resistance, low binding force between the paint and the surface of the mold, easy falling off, non-compact surface, poor wear resistance, short service period and the like generally exist, so that the surface of a mold cavity is easy to corrode in the casting process, the service life of the mold is low, the quality of the casting is unstable due to unstable casting performance in the production process, and the production efficiency is low.
The research shows that the performance of the metal mold coating is related to the influence of factors such as the characteristics of each component of the coating, the preparation of the coating, the treatment before the spraying of the metal mold, the process control of the spraying process of the coating and the like.
The prior art CN201811312833.6 is a metal mold fireproof coating, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1-5% of graphite powder, 1-5% of binder, 2-4% of mullite powder, 5-13% of water, 15-20% of water glass, 8-10% of PVA and 5-7% of PVP. First, the patent only discloses the composition and the proportion of the paint; thirdly, the patent does not disclose how the paint is prepared, how the paint is processed by a die before spraying, and what spraying technology is adopted; fourthly, the paint formula disclosed by the invention is a metal mold paint formula commonly used in the industry at present, and is prepared by using the prior art, the paint has poor wear resistance after spraying, the binding force between a coating and the surface of a mold is low, and the requirements of a large-size aluminum wheel metal mold casting mold on the paint protection performance, the heat preservation performance, the temperature field regulation performance, the thermal fatigue resistance performance and the durability are not met.
The prior art CN201610465966.1 provides a preparation method of a hub forming mold coating, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Stirring and mixing sodium bentonite, sodium tripolyphosphate, diatomite, epoxy resin and water to form a mixed solution M;
(2) Standing the mixed solution M for 2-4 hours, adding refractory powder, and stirring to obtain mixed solution N;
(3) Placing the mixed solution N in a sealed environment for ageing treatment to obtain a hub forming die coating; wherein, the dosage of the sodium bentonite is 5-15 parts by weight, the dosage of the sodium tripolyphosphate is 2-8 parts by weight, the dosage of the diatomite is 1-3 parts by weight, and the dosage of the epoxy resin is 10-20 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of water. The disclosed technology has the following problems that firstly, the wheel mold of the disclosed technology uses the same specification paint at different parts, and can not meet the adjustment of the gradient of the temperature field of each region of the large-size wheel casting mold, the adjustment of castability of different regions of the casting and the management and control of the appearance smoothness of the casting; secondly, the disclosed technology does not disclose what components and proportions of the added refractory powder are; thirdly, the patent does not disclose how the die is treated before the coating is sprayed, and what spraying process is adopted; fourthly, the paint formula disclosed by the invention is sprayed by using the prior art, the wear resistance of the paint after spraying is poor, and the binding force between the paint and the surface of a die is low. Fifthly, in the embodiment of the invention, the refractory powder (the grain diameter is 8 mm) or the refractory powder (the grain diameter is 5 mm) has too large grain size, and the formed coating has rough surface and does not meet the requirements of new energy automobiles on the appearance smoothness of aluminum wheel castings.
The existing metal mold coating preparation and spraying method cannot meet the requirements of a large-size aluminum wheel metal mold casting mold on the coating performance and the spraying method, and the product performance cannot meet the requirements of a new energy automobile on the safety and reliability of the aluminum wheel. Therefore, technical research personnel and research institutions in the industry urgently want to solve the problems, and the problems that the coating material has strong heat resistance, the temperature field of the die is required to meet the requirement of the die on the use of the targeted coating in different areas, the casting property is improved, the appearance quality and the inherent quality of the casting are improved through the adjustment of the temperature field of the coating, the binding force of the coating after spraying and curing is strong, the wear resistance of the coating is excellent, and the stable spraying process method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing a method for improving the surface quality and castability of the cast aluminum wheel of the new energy automobile, which can effectively prolong the service life of a die, adjust the temperature field in the casting process, improve the castability of the die and the appearance quality of castings, and improve the production efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the surface quality and castability of cast aluminum wheels of new energy automobiles comprises the following steps:
the preparation of a metal mold coating formula, wherein the metal mold coating comprises a coating A and a coating B, and the coating A has the functions of protecting a mold from corrosion, preserving heat, adjusting a temperature field and accumulating air in a filling process and is mainly applied to side surfaces of a side mold and a top mold; the coating B has the functions of protecting the die from corrosion, preserving heat, adjusting a temperature field and promoting melt flow in the filling process, and also has the functions of improving the surface quality of castings and helping drawing the die, and is mainly applied to the bottom surfaces of the bottom die and the top die.
The surface treatment of the metal mold before spraying comprises the steps of cleaning, grinding, sand blasting and preheating treatment of the surface of the metal mold.
The metal mold coating spraying process comprises the steps of metal mold surface temperature control, spray gun working parameter control in the spraying process, coating thickness and thickness gradient control in different areas of the metal mold and coating curing treatment after spraying.
Further, the coating A and the coating B both comprise graphene and aluminosilicate (3 Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) Diatomite (2 SiO) 2 ·nH 2 O), zircon powder (ZrO 2 ) Sodium silicate (Na) 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) Epoxy resin, montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 Sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) 5 P 3 O 10 ) And graphite powder; the formula of the paint A and the paint B are prepared according to different functions of the paint A and the paint B; wherein n and x are positive integers.
The preparation steps of the paint A and the paint B are as follows:
step 1, according to the proportion of each additive of coating A and coating B, firstly making aluminosilicate (3 Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) Diatomite (2 SiO) 2 ·nH 2 O), zircon powder (ZrO 2 ) Refractory aggregate and montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 Sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) 5 P 3 O 10 ) Mixing with graphite powder as auxiliary material.
Step 2, according to the proportion of each additive of coating A and coating B, sodium silicate (Na 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) And mixing the epoxy resin and part of the softened water uniformly.
Step 3: and (3) adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into the mixture obtained in the step (2) and stirring uniformly.
Step 4: the mixture of step 3 was dissolved in the remaining demineralized water and stirred continuously.
Step 5: and adding graphene into the DMF solvent according to the weight ratio of 1:10, and stirring to fully dissolve the graphene.
Step 6: and (3) adding the graphene solution prepared in the step (5) into the solution prepared in the step (4) and continuously stirring.
Further, the proportion of each additive of the paint A is as follows: the graphene is used in an amount of 3 to 5 g, and the aluminosilicate (3 Al) 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) The dosage of the diatomite (2 SiO) is 20-30 g 2 ·nH 2 The dosage of O) is 30-50 g; zircon powder (ZrO) 2 ) The dosage of the sodium silicate (Na) is 10 to 20 g 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) 40-60 g, 150-200 g, montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 The dosage of the sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) is 70-150 g 5 P 3 O 10 ) The dosage of the graphite powder is 40-60 g, and the dosage of the graphite powder is 10-25 g.
The proportion of each additive of the paint B is as follows: the graphene is used in an amount of 3 to 5 g, and the aluminosilicate (3 Al) 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) The dosage of the diatomite (2 SiO) is 25-40 g 2 ·nH 2 The dosage of O) is 15-25 g; zircon powder (ZrO) 2 ) The dosage of the sodium silicate (Na) is 30 to 50 g 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) 40-60 g, 150-200 g, montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 The dosage of the sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) is 70-150 g 5 P 3 O 10 ) The dosage of the graphite powder is 40-60 g, and the dosage of the graphite powder is 20-50 g.
The functions of each additive in the paint A and the paint B are as follows:
the graphene is of a flaky structure, can promote the film formation of a coating, enhance the adhesive force between the coating film and the surface of a metal mold, promote the compactness of the coating, further delay or prevent corrosion factors from being immersed into the surface of a metal mold matrix, and has good lubrication effect between graphene layers.
The aluminosilicate (3 Al) 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) Diatomite (2 SiO) 2 ·nH 2 O) and zircon powder (ZrO 2 ) The aluminum silicate (3Al2O3.2SiO2) is refractory aggregate, and expands uniformly under a high-temperature heated environment, and has good thermal shock resistance, small high-temperature creep value and large hardness; said diatomaceous earth (2 SiO) 2 ·nH 2 O) has large pore volume ratio, good water absorption performance and excellent heat preservation performance because the material contains a plurality of tiny pores; the zircon powder (ZrO 2 ) The high-temperature heat-resistant ceramic material has the advantages of low expansion rate, good thermal shock resistance, small high-temperature creep value and high wear resistance in a high-temperature heated environment, can form a compact and smooth film, and is beneficial to improving the surface quality of castings.
The sodium silicate (Na 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) Epoxy resin is used as an adhesive; the sodium silicate (Na 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) Is an excellent mineral adhesive, and is helpful for forming a film after the coating is sprayed; the epoxy resin is a pouring material adhesive, promotes the metal coating film to have strong adhesive force, has stronger heat resistance and has very good cohesiveness to various materials.
The montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 Sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) 5 P 3 O 10 ) The graphite powder is used as an auxiliary additive; the montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 Has strong cohesiveness, swelling property, suspension property and adsorptivity; sodium tripolyphosphate (Na 5 P 3 O 10 ) To retain moisture and chelate metalsA combining function; the graphite powder has strong lubrication and heat conduction functions, and is beneficial to die drawing of castings.
Further, the surface treatment step of the metal mold before spraying comprises the following steps:
and 1, cleaning old paint on the surface of the metal mold and adhered aluminum.
And 2, spraying a silver self-drying paint on the surface of the metal mold, and checking whether the surface has the rugged defect.
And 3, performing welding repair on the area with pits on the surface of the metal mold, and then using a grinding head, sand paper and oilstone to file, polish and grind the welding repair area and the protruding area on the surface of the metal mold.
Step 4, carrying 50% of hard steel balls with phi of 0.20mm and 0.30mm respectively by using a spray gun and taking dry compressed air as a medium, and sanding the surface of the metal mold for 3.0-5.0 minutes, wherein the pressure of the pressure medium is 55-60 KPa; cleaning rust and fine residues on the surface of the metal mold, promoting the surface of the metal mold to be clean and improving the compactness, and enhancing the adhesive force of the paint after spraying.
Step 5: placing the metal mold treated in the step 4 into a preheating furnace, and preserving heat for 20-30 minutes at the preheating temperature of 320-350 ℃; drying the mineral substance containing crystal water on the surface of the metal mold, and accumulating a certain amount of heat energy for preparing the spraying coating.
Step 6: and discharging the preheated metal mould from the furnace, and preparing for spraying the coating.
Furthermore, before coating spraying, a portable temperature measuring instrument is used for measuring the surface temperatures of the side die, the top die and the bottom die, the coating can be sprayed when the surface temperature of the metal die is 180-250 ℃, the coating is easy to sag when the temperature is low, the adhesive force is low, and splashing can be generated in the spraying process when the temperature is too high.
Further, the prepared paint A or paint B is added into a paint storage tank of a spray gun, and the working parameters of the spray gun when the paint A or the paint B is sprayed comprise: adjusting the air supply pressure of the spray gun to 50 KPa-55 KPa, adjusting the atomizing angle of the spray nozzle of the spray gun, and when the distance between the nozzle and the surface of the metal mold is 200 mm-300 mm, the spraying area is 1962.5mm 2 ～2826.0mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Spray gun and metalThe spraying surface of the die is 90+/-15 0 The moving speed of the spray gun in the spraying process is 50-100 mm/s. When the spraying pressure is too small, the paint particles are dispersed, the compactness of the coating film is reduced, the strength of the coating is low, and the adhesive force between the coating and the surface of the die and between the coating layer and the layer is reduced; the high enough spraying pressure is kept, the paint particles are scattered out, the coating is compact, and the adhesive force between the coatings is high; when the distance between the nozzle and the die is too large, the water on the surface of the die is evaporated immediately when the paint is not adhered to the surface of the die, the effective contact area is small, a loose coating is formed, and air is accumulated in the coating, so that the paint is easy to collapse; when the nozzle-to-die distance is too small, the water does not evaporate during the spraying process and is covered by the subsequent coating, which will foam as the subsequent coating cures.
Further, side mold coating thickness: the thickness gradient of the side mold coating corresponding to the side mold surface facing the casting window area from the upper rim of the casting rim to the lower rim of the rim is 1:1.5:2; the thickness gradient of the side die coating corresponding to the side die surface facing the R angle area of the casting from the upper rim of the casting rim to the lower rim of the rim is 1:1.5:1, because the R angle of the connection area of the casting spoke and the rim is a hot node, the coating in the area close to the hot node is properly sprayed.
The thickness of the side coating of the top die is as follows: the thickness gradient of the paint on the side surface of the top die facing the casting window area from the upper rim of the casting rim to the lower rim of the rim is 1:1.5:2; the thickness gradient of the paint on the side surface of the top die facing the R angle area of the casting from the upper rim of the casting rim to the corresponding side surface of the top die of the R angle of the casting is 1:1.5:1, because the R angle of the connection area of the casting spoke and the rim is a hot node, the coating in the area close to the hot node is properly sprayed.
The bottom die coating thickness is as follows: gradually thickening from the outside to the inside of the coating along the radial direction; the thickness gradient is 1:1.5:2.
the thickness of the top die bottom surface coating: gradually thickening from the outside to the inside of the coating along the radial direction; the thickness gradient is 1:1.5:2.
further, the number of the coating layers is preferably 3-4, the thickness of each coating layer is 30-60 um, each layer is sprayed, the next layer can be sprayed after the coating layer is dried, and the final coating layer thickness is 120-250 um.
Further, the coating curing treatment: and after the spraying is finished, visually inspecting the surface of the coating, after the coating is inspected to be qualified, placing the side die, the top die and the bottom die into a die heating furnace, heating the coating in the heating furnace for 60-90 minutes from room temperature to 500-550 ℃ and preserving heat for 30-45 minutes, and curing the coating layer to improve the hardness and the thermal fatigue resistance of the coating.
Further, the addition amount of the graphite powder is preferably 20-50 g, the upper limit of the addition amount is taken for a metal mold with large drawing difficulty, and the coating layer is properly sprayed to be thick for 30-60 um in a region with large drawing force or demoulding force so as to facilitate drawing or demoulding.
Furthermore, the water used in the preparation process of the coating A and the coating B is softened water with conductivity lower than or equal to 40 mu S/. Mu.m after deoiling treatment.
Further, the aluminosilicate (3 Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) Diatomite (2 SiO) 2 ·nH 2 O), zircon powder (ZrO 2 ) Sodium silicate (Na) 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) The montmorillonite powder is required to be ground to 600-800 meshes.
Furthermore, the spray gun has the functions of adjustable pressure of supplied gas during spraying, detectable distance between a nozzle and the surface of a metal mold during spraying, and adjustable spraying quantity and spraying area of the nozzle.
The spray gun consists of a compressed air conduit, a pressure regulating valve, a digital display screen, a nozzle, a distance test probe, a compressed air switch, a spray gun handle and a paint storage tank.
The compressed air conduit is connected with the air pipe joint of the spray gun; the pressure regulating valve can regulate the pressure of the supply nozzle; the digital display screen can display the spraying pressure parameter and the distance between the nozzle and the die; the nozzle can adjust the opening size to adjust the spraying amount of the coating and the size of the atomization area; the distance between the spray nozzle and the die can be detected by the distance test probe, and the test distance is displayed on the digital display screen through the built-in sensor of the spray gun, so that process parameter management and control information can be conveniently provided for operators, and the coating spraying quality is ensured; the compressed air switch is connected with an air supply pipeline in the spray gun, paint spraying can be implemented in the open state of the compressed air switch, and the paint spraying is stopped in the closed state of the compressed air switch; the compressed air switch is arranged above the spray gun handle so as to facilitate the control of the compressed air switch in the spraying process of an operator; the paint storage tank is arranged below the spray gun handle, a guide pipe is arranged in the paint storage tank, one end of the guide pipe is connected to the bottom of the paint storage tank, and the other end of the guide pipe is connected with an air pipe in the spray gun; the air supply pressure of the paint spray gun and the distance between the spray nozzle and the die in the spraying process are controllable, so that the paint spray gun is convenient for operators to recognize.
The beneficial effects are that: the aluminum wheel metal mold casting mold coating and the spraying method prepared by the technology effectively solve the problem that the temperature field is disordered due to the abnormality of aging, falling and the like of the coating in the casting process, the problem that the coating is easy to fall and rough in the casting process and the problem that the surface of the mold is easy to corrode in the casting process, and the prepared coating is high in hardness, good in thermal stability, compact in surface, high in adhesive force on the mold, long in mold service period and high in production efficiency after being sprayed. The coating can be continuously cast for 16 hours after being sprayed by the test coating without supplementing the coating, the service cycle can reach 72 hours, and the continuous casting die for 200-280 castings is not arranged on a machine table, so that the requirements of high thermal fatigue resistance, high thermal stability and high adhesive force performance of the coating for the large-size metal mold casting die are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a spray gun according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the casting of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the metal molds in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the solidification sequence of the casting of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the casting of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 part of spray gun, 1 part of compressed air conduit, 1 part of pressure control valve, 1 part of digital display screen, 1 part of nozzle, 1 part of distance test probe, 1 part of compressed air switch, 1 part of spray gun handle, 1 part of paint storage tank, 2 parts of casting, 2 parts of rim upper rim, 2-2 parts of a rim lower rim, 2-3 parts of a casting R angle, 2-4 parts of a top mold diversion cone, 2-5 parts of a casting riser, 2-6 parts of a casting spoke, 2-7 parts of a casting rim, 2-8 parts of a casting window, 3-1 parts of a top mold side surface, 3-2 parts of a top mold bottom surface, 3-3 parts of a bottom mold and 3-4 parts of a side mold.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings.
In this example, 10Kg of softened water was used for each of the preparation of paint a and paint B, and paint spraying was performed on the large-size molds 781 to 2410.
The specific scheme for realizing the technology is that a new coating A and a new coating B are adopted, and an excellent spraying process is adopted, and the specific scheme is as follows:
the formula of each additive of the paint A comprises the following components: the graphene is used in an amount of 3 to 5 g, and the aluminosilicate (3 Al) 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) The dosage of the diatomite (2 SiO) is 20-30 g 2 ·nH 2 The dosage of O) is 30-50 g; zircon powder (ZrO) 2 ) The dosage of the sodium silicate (Na) is 10 to 20 g 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) 40-60 g, 150-200 g, montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 The dosage of the sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) is 70-150 g 5 P 3 O 10 ) The dosage of the graphite powder is 40-60 g, and the dosage of the graphite powder is 10-25 g. Wherein n and x are positive integers.
The paint A has obvious functions of protecting the die from corrosion, preserving heat, adjusting a temperature field and accumulating air in the process of filling, and is mainly applied to the side die 3-4 and the side face 3-1 of the top die.
The formula of each additive of the paint B comprises the following components: the graphene is used in an amount of 3 to 5 g, and the aluminosilicate (3 Al) 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) The dosage of the diatomite (2 SiO) is 25-40 g 2 ·nH 2 Amount of O) 1525 g; zircon powder (ZrO) 2 ) The dosage of the sodium silicate (Na) is 30 to 50 g 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) 40-60 g, 150-200 g, montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 The dosage of the sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) is 70-150 g 5 P 3 O 10 ) The dosage of the graphite powder is 40-60 g, and the dosage of the graphite powder is 20-50 g.
The coating B has the functions of protecting the die from corrosion, preserving heat, adjusting a temperature field and promoting melt flow in the mold filling process, has the effects of obviously improving the surface quality of the casting 2 and helping drawing and demolding, and is mainly applied to the bottom die 3-3 and the top die bottom 3-2.
The preparation step of the coating A comprises the following steps:
step 1. 250 g of aluminosilicate (3 Al) 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) 400 g of kieselguhr (2 SiO) 2 ·nH 2 O), 150 g zircon powder (ZrO 2 ) Refractory aggregate and 120 g of montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 500 g of sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) 5 P 3 O 10 ) Mixing with 120 g graphite powder auxiliary material.
Step 2. 500 g of sodium silicate (Na 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) 1800 g of epoxy resin is mixed with part of softened water uniformly.
And 3, adding the mixture obtained in the step 1 into the mixture obtained in the step 2, and uniformly stirring.
And 4, dissolving the mixture obtained in the step 3 into the rest softened water and continuously stirring.
Step 5: 15 g of graphene and DMF solvent are added into DMF solvent according to the weight ratio of 1:10, and the graphene is stirred and fully dissolved.
And 6, adding the graphene solution prepared in the step 5 into the solution prepared in the step 4 and continuously stirring.
The coating A for the large-size metal mold casting mold is prepared through the steps.
The preparation step of the coating B comprises the following steps:
step 1. 350 g of aluminosilicate (3 Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) 200 g of kieselguhr (2 SiO) 2 ·nH 2 O), 450 g zircon powder (ZrO 2 ) Refractory aggregate and 120 g of montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 500 g of sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) 5 P 3 O 10 ) Mixing with 250 g graphite powder auxiliary material.
Step 2. 500 g of sodium silicate (Na 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) 1800 g of epoxy resin is mixed with part of softened water uniformly.
And 3, adding the mixture obtained in the step 1 into the mixture obtained in the step 2, and uniformly stirring.
And 4, dissolving the mixture obtained in the step 3 into the rest softened water and continuously stirring.
Step 5: 35 g of graphene and DMF solvent are added into DMF solvent according to the weight ratio of 1:10, and the graphene is stirred and fully dissolved.
And 6, adding the graphene solution prepared in the step 5 into the solution prepared in the step 4 and continuously stirring.
The coating B for the large-size aluminum wheel metal mold casting mold is prepared through the steps.
The surface treatment of the metal mold before spraying comprises the steps of cleaning, grinding, sand blasting and preheating treatment of the surface of the metal mold. The method comprises the following specific steps:
and 1, cleaning old paint on the surface of the metal mold and adhered aluminum.
And 2, spraying a silver self-drying paint on the surface of the metal mold, and checking whether the surface has the rugged defect.
And 3, performing welding repair on the area with pits on the surface of the metal mold, and then using a grinding head, sand paper and oilstone to file the welding repair area and the raised area on the surface of the metal mold, polishing and grinding the welding repair area and the raised area to be smooth.
Step 4, carrying hard steel balls with phi 0.20mm and phi 0.30mm accounting for 50% respectively by using a spray gun 1 and taking dry compressed air as a medium, and sanding the surface of a metal mold for 4.0 minutes, wherein the pressure of the pressure medium is 55-60 KPa; the purpose is to clean up rust and fine residues on the surface of the metal mold, promote the surface of the metal mold to be clean and improve the compactness, and enhance the adhesive force of the paint after spraying.
Step 5: placing the metal mold treated in the step 4 into a preheating furnace, preheating at 330 ℃, and preserving heat for 5 minutes; the purpose is to dry mineral substances containing crystal water on the surface of a metal mold and store a certain amount of heat energy for preparing the spraying coating.
Step 6: and discharging the preheated metal mould from the furnace, and preparing for spraying the coating.
The spraying requirements of the paint A and the paint B on the metal mold comprise: mold temperature, spray process, spray layer thickness, coating curing process, and paint spray gun specifications.
The metal mold is arranged around the casting 2, wherein four side molds 3-4 are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the casting 2, a top mold is arranged on the top of the casting 2, a bottom mold 3-3 is arranged on the bottom of the casting 2, a casting R angle 2-3 is arranged at the connection area of the casting spoke 2-6 and the casting rim 2-7, a front view of the casting is shown in fig. 5, and hollowed casting windows 2-8 are formed between adjacent casting spokes 2-6.
The technical requirements for the surface temperature of the die are as follows: before coating, a portable thermometer is used for measuring the surface temperatures of the four side dies 3-4, the side face 3-1 of the top die, the bottom face 3-2 of the top die and the bottom die 3-3 (shown in figure 3), and the coating can be sprayed when the surface temperature of the die is 180-250 ℃.
The spraying process of the coating A requires: adding the prepared paint A into a paint storage tank 1-8 of a spray gun, adjusting the air supply pressure of the spray gun to 50KPa, adjusting the atomization angle of a nozzle 1-4, and controlling the spraying area to 1962.5mm when the distance between the nozzle 1-4 and the surface of a metal mold is 200-300 mm 2 ～2826.0mm 2 The spraying surface of the spray gun and the metal mold in the spraying process is 90+/-15 0 The moving speed of the spray gun in the spraying process is 50-100 mm/s; spraying is carried out on the four side dies 3-4 and the side face 3-1 of the top die.
The spraying process of the coating B requires: adding the prepared coating B into the sprayIn the gun paint storage tank 1-8, the air supply pressure of the spray gun is adjusted to 50KPa, the atomization angle of the spray nozzle 1-4 is adjusted, and the spraying area is 1962.5mm when the distance between the spray nozzle 1-4 and the surface of the metal mold is 200-300 mm 2 ～2826.0mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The spraying surface of the spray gun and the metal mold in the spraying process is 90+/-15 0 The moving speed of the spray gun in the spraying process is 50-100 mm/s; spraying is carried out on the bottom die 3-3 and the bottom surface 3-2 of the top die.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of the solidification sequence of the casting 2; firstly, the upper rim 2-1 of the casting 2 is assembled and solidified towards the center direction by the lower rim 2-2 of the rim, the upper surface of the casting 2 is assembled towards the casting riser 2-5, and the lower surface of the casting 2 is assembled towards the top die diversion cone 2-4.
Coating thickness requirements: according to the technical requirement of gradient distribution of a temperature field of a die in the casting process and the solidification sequence of the casting 2, the coating thickness requirements of the four side dies 3-4 are as follows: the thickness gradient of the side mold paint corresponding to the side mold 3-4 surface facing the casting window 2-8 region from the upper rim 2-1 of the casting 2 to the lower rim 2-2 of the rim should be 1:1.5:2; the gradient of the thickness of the side mold paint corresponding to the side mold 3-4 surface facing the R angle 2-3 area (the connecting area of the spoke and the rim) of the casting 2 from the upper rim 2-1 of the casting 2 to the lower rim 2-2 of the rim is 1:1.5:1, because the connection area of the casting spoke 2-6 and the casting rim 2-7 (namely the casting R angle 2-3) is a thermal node, the coating is properly sprayed on the area close to the casting R angle 2-3.
The thickness requirements of the coating on the side surface 3-1 of the top die are as follows: the thickness gradient of the paint on the side surface of the top mould 3-1 facing the area of the casting window 2-8 is 1:1.5:2; the thickness gradient of the paint of the top mold side surface 3-1 facing the region (the connecting region of the spoke and the rim) of the R angle 2-3 of the casting from the rim 2-1 on the rim of the casting 2 to the top mold side surface 3-1 corresponding to the R angle 2-3 of the casting 2 is 1:1.5:1, because the R angle 2-3 of the casting is a thermal node, the coating of the area close to the thermal node is properly sprayed.
The bottom die 3-3 gradually thickens from the outside to the inside of the coating along the radial direction; the thickness gradient was 1:1.5:2.
the bottom surface 3-2 of the top die gradually thickens from the outside to the inside of the coating along the radial direction; the thickness gradient was 1:1.5:2.
the coating amount: coating 3 layers are optimal; each layer of coating has a thickness of 30-60 um, each layer of coating is sprayed, the next layer of coating can be sprayed after the coating is dried, and the final coating thickness is 120-250 um.
And (3) curing the coating: after the spraying is finished, visually inspecting the surface of the coating, after the coating is inspected to be qualified, placing the side die 3-4, the top die and the bottom die into a metal die heating furnace, heating the coating from room temperature to 520 ℃ in the heating furnace for 60-90 minutes, and preserving heat for 35 minutes to perform curing treatment on the coating layer so as to promote the ceramic coating to improve the hardness and the thermal fatigue resistance of the coating.
And after the mold subjected to the spraying treatment is assembled, waiting for a machine table to be put on, and preparing for pressure casting.
Further, the aluminosilicate (3 Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) Diatomite (2 SiO) 2 ·nH 2 O), zircon powder (ZrO 2 ) Sodium silicate (Na) 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) The montmorillonite powder is required to be ground to 800 meshes.
Further, according to the modeling of the cast product and the difficulty of drawing and demolding, the dosage of the graphite powder is adjusted within the range of 20-50 g, the upper limit of the adding amount is taken for a mold with large drawing difficulty, and the coating layer is properly sprayed to a region with large drawing force or demolding force for 30-60 um, so that the mold is drawn or demolded conveniently.
As shown in FIG. 1, the spray gun 1 includes a compressed air conduit 1-1, a pressure regulating valve 1-2, a digital display screen 1-3, a nozzle 1-4, a distance test probe 1-5, a compressed air switch 1-6, a spray gun handle 1-7, and a paint storage tank 1-8.
The compressed air conduit 1-1 is connected with the air pipe joint of the spray gun; the pressure regulating valve 1-2 can regulate the pressure of the supply nozzle 1-4; the digital display screen 1-3 can display the spraying pressure parameter and the distance between the nozzle 1-4 and the die; the nozzle 1-4 can adjust the opening size to adjust the spraying amount of the coating and the atomization area; the distance test probe 1-5 can detect the distance between the nozzle 1-4 and the die, and the test distance is displayed on the digital display screen 1-3 through the built-in sensor of the spray gun 1 so as to provide process parameter control information for operators and ensure the coating spraying quality; the compressed air switch 1-6 is connected with an air supply pipeline in the spray gun 1, the coating spraying can be implemented in the opening state of the compressed air switch 1-6, and the coating spraying is stopped in the closing state of the compressed air switch 1-6; the compressed air switch 1-6 is arranged above the spray gun handle 1-7 so as to facilitate the operator to control the compressed air switch 1-6 in the spraying process; the paint storage tank 1-8 is arranged below the spray gun handle 1-7, a conduit is arranged in the paint storage tank 1-8, one end of the conduit is connected to the bottom of the paint storage tank 1-8, and the other end of the conduit is connected with an air pipe in the spray gun 1; the air supply pressure, the spraying atomization area and the distance between the spraying process nozzle and the die of the spray gun 1 are controllable, so that the spray gun is convenient for operators to recognize.
The method for improving the surface quality and the castability of the cast aluminum wheel of the new energy automobile, which is prepared by the technology, effectively solves the problem of temperature field disorder caused by the abnormality of aging, falling off and the like of the coating in the casting process, the problem of easy falling off and roughness of the coating in the casting process and the problem of easy corrosion of the surface of the mold in the casting process, and the prepared coating has the advantages of high hardness, good thermal stability, compact surface, high adhesive force on the mold, long service cycle of the mold and high production efficiency after being sprayed. The coating can be continuously cast for 16 hours after being sprayed by the test coating, the service cycle can reach 96 hours, and the die for continuously casting 350-400 castings 2 does not go down to the machine table, so that the requirements of high thermal fatigue resistance, high thermal stability and high adhesive force performance of the large-size pressure metal die on the coating are met.
Table 1: the application process performance of the patent paint is compared with that of the paint in the prior art:
Claims (8)
1. a method for improving the surface quality and castability of a cast aluminum wheel of a new energy automobile, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the preparation of a metal mold coating formula, wherein the metal mold coating comprises a coating A and a coating B, and the coating A has the functions of protecting a mold from corrosion, preserving heat, adjusting a temperature field and accumulating air in a filling process and is mainly applied to side surfaces of a side mold and a top mold; the coating B has the functions of protecting the die from corrosion, preserving heat, adjusting a temperature field and promoting melt flow in the filling process, and also has the functions of improving the surface quality of castings and helping drawing the die, and is mainly applied to the bottom surfaces of the bottom die and the top die;
the surface treatment of the metal mold before spraying comprises the steps of cleaning, grinding, sand blasting and preheating the surface of the metal mold;
the metal mold coating spraying process comprises the steps of controlling the surface temperature of the metal mold, controlling working parameters of a spray gun in the spraying process, controlling the thickness and thickness gradient of the coating in different areas of the metal mold, and curing the coating after spraying;
the paint A and the paint B both comprise graphene and aluminosilicate (3 Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) Diatomite (2 SiO) 2 ·nH 2 O), zircon powder (ZrO 2 ) Sodium silicate (Na) 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) Epoxy resin, montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 Sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) 5 P 3 O 10 ) And graphite powder; the formula of the paint A and the paint B are prepared according to different functions of the paint A and the paint B; wherein n and x are positive integers;
the preparation steps of the paint A and the paint B are as follows:
step 1, according to the proportion of each additive of coating A and coating B, firstly making aluminosilicate (3 Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) Diatomite (2 SiO) 2 ·nH 2 O), zircon powder (ZrO 2 ) Refractory aggregate and montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 Sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) 5 P 3 O 10 ) Mixing with graphite powder adjuvant;
step (a)2, according to the proportion of each additive of the coating A and the coating B, sodium silicate (Na 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) Uniformly mixing epoxy resin and part of softened water;
step 3: adding the mixture obtained in the step 1 into the mixture obtained in the step 2, and uniformly stirring;
step 4: dissolving the mixture obtained in the step 3 into the rest softened water and continuously stirring;
step 5: adding graphene into DMF solvent according to the weight ratio of graphene to DMF solvent of 1:10, stirring and fully dissolving;
step 6: adding the graphene solution prepared in the step 5 into the solution prepared in the step 4 and continuously stirring;
the proportion of each additive of the paint A is as follows: the graphene is used in an amount of 3 to 5 g, and the aluminosilicate (3 Al) 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) The dosage of the diatomite (2 SiO) is 20-30 g 2 ·nH 2 The dosage of O) is 30-50 g; zircon powder (ZrO) 2 ) The dosage of the sodium silicate (Na) is 10 to 20 g 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) 40-60 g, 150-200 g, montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 The dosage of the sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) is 70-150 g 5 P 3 O 10 ) The dosage of the graphite powder is 40-60 g, and the dosage of the graphite powder is 10-25 g;
the proportion of each additive of the paint B is as follows: the graphene is used in an amount of 3 to 5 g, and the aluminosilicate (3 Al) 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) The dosage of the diatomite (2 SiO) is 25-40 g 2 ·nH 2 The dosage of O) is 15-25 g; zircon powder (ZrO) 2 ) The dosage of the sodium silicate (Na) is 30 to 50 g 2 O ·nSiO 2 ) 40-60 g, 150-200 g, montmorillonite powder Na x （H 2 O） 4 (Al 2 -xMg0.83 )Si 4 O 10 （HO） 2 The dosage of the sodium tripolyphosphate (Na) is 70-150 g 5 P 3 O 10 ) The dosage of the graphite powder is 40-60 g, and the dosage of the graphite powder is 20-50 g.
2. The method for improving the surface quality and castability of the cast aluminum wheel of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the surface treatment step of the metal mold before spraying comprises the following steps:
step 1, cleaning old paint on the surface of a metal mold and adhered aluminum;
step 2, spraying a silver self-drying paint on the surface of a metal mold, and checking whether the surface has the uneven defect or not;
step 3, performing welding repair on the area with pits on the surface of the metal mold, and then using a grinding head, sand paper and oilstone to file, polish and smooth the welding repair area and the protruding area on the surface of the metal mold;
step 4, carrying 50% of hard steel balls with phi of 0.20mm and 0.30mm respectively by using a spray gun and taking dry compressed air as a medium, and sanding the surface of the metal mold for 3.0-5.0 minutes, wherein the pressure of the pressure medium is 55-60 KPa; cleaning rust and fine residues on the surface of the metal mold, promoting the surface of the metal mold to be clean and improving the compactness, and enhancing the adhesive force of the paint after spraying;
step 5: placing the metal mold treated in the step 4 into a preheating furnace, and preserving heat for 20-30 minutes at the preheating temperature of 320-350 ℃; drying mineral substances containing crystal water on the surface of the metal mold, and accumulating a certain amount of heat energy for preparing the spraying paint;
step 6: and discharging the preheated metal mould from the furnace, and preparing for spraying the coating.
3. The method for improving the surface quality and castability of the cast aluminum wheel of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
before coating, a portable thermometer is used for measuring the surface temperatures of the side die, the top die and the bottom die, and the surface temperature of the metal die is 180-250 ℃ to spray the coating.
4. The method for improving the surface quality and castability of the cast aluminum wheel of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
adding the prepared paint A or paint B into a paint storage tank of a spray gun, wherein the working parameters of the spray gun when the paint A or the paint B is sprayed comprise: adjusting the air supply pressure of the spray gun to 50 KPa-55 KPa, adjusting the atomizing angle of the spray nozzle of the spray gun, and when the distance between the nozzle and the surface of the metal mold is 200 mm-300 mm, the spraying area is 1962.5mm 2 ～2826.0mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The spraying surface of the spray gun and the metal mold is 90+/-15 0 The moving speed of the spray gun in the spraying process is 50-100 mm/s.
5. The method for improving the surface quality and castability of the cast aluminum wheel of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
side mold coating thickness: the thickness gradient of the side mold coating corresponding to the side mold surface facing the casting window area from the upper rim of the casting rim to the lower rim of the rim is 1:1.5:2; the thickness gradient of the side die coating corresponding to the side die surface facing the R angle area of the casting from the upper rim of the casting rim to the lower rim of the rim is 1:1.5:1, a step of;
the thickness of the side coating of the top die is as follows: the thickness gradient of the paint on the side surface of the top die facing the casting window area from the upper rim of the casting rim to the lower rim of the rim is 1:1.5:2; the thickness gradient of the paint on the side surface of the top die facing the R angle area of the casting from the upper rim of the casting rim to the corresponding side surface of the top die of the R angle of the casting is 1:1.5:1, a step of;
the bottom die coating thickness is as follows: gradually thickening from the outside to the inside of the coating along the radial direction; the thickness gradient is 1:1.5:2;
the thickness of the top die bottom surface coating: gradually thickening from the outside to the inside of the coating along the radial direction; the thickness gradient is 1:1.5:2.
6. the method for improving the surface quality and castability of the cast aluminum wheel of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the number of the coatings is 3-4, the thickness of each coating is 30-60 um, each layer is sprayed, the next layer can be sprayed after the coating is dried, and the final thickness of the coating is 120-250 um.
7. The method for improving the surface quality and castability of the cast aluminum wheel of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
and (3) curing the coating: and after the spraying is finished, visually inspecting the surface of the coating, after the coating is inspected to be qualified, placing the side die, the top die and the bottom die into a die heating furnace, heating the coating in the heating furnace for 60-90 minutes from room temperature to 500-550 ℃ and preserving heat for 30-45 minutes, and curing the coating.
8. The method for improving the surface quality and castability of the cast aluminum wheel of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the adding amount of the graphite powder is 20-50 g, and the coating spraying thickness of the metal mold area with large drawing difficulty is smaller than that of the metal mold area with low drawing difficulty.
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| CN102343418A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2012-02-08 | 西安西工大超晶科技发展有限责任公司 | Casting method of three-dimensional flow aluminum alloy impeller casting |
| CN104525418A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 天津立中车轮有限公司 | Mechanical arm special for automatic painting spraying of aluminum alloy wheel die and automatic painting spraying process |
| CN105414534A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-03-23 | 遵义航天新力精密铸锻有限公司 | Steel-copper bimetal casting processing technology |
| CN106914588A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-04 | 西安工业大学 | A kind of straight-sided flank gear Rapid Precision Casting technique based on increases material manufacturing technology |
| CN112893782A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-04 | 湖北长鑫源汽车实业有限公司 | Flywheel housing processing technology |
| CN116000237A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-04-25 | 上海交通大学 | Coating for aluminum-lithium alloy sand casting and preparation method thereof |
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