CN106975729B - A kind of lost-wax casting method of drill bit - Google Patents
A kind of lost-wax casting method of drill bit Download PDFInfo
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- CN106975729B CN106975729B CN201710130638.0A CN201710130638A CN106975729B CN 106975729 B CN106975729 B CN 106975729B CN 201710130638 A CN201710130638 A CN 201710130638A CN 106975729 B CN106975729 B CN 106975729B
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/043—Removing the consumable pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of lost-wax casting methods of drill bit, belong to casting technology field.Casting method in the present invention includes preparing coating, shell processed, roasting, smelting and pouring and post-processing.The step of wherein preparing coating are as follows: material mixing, mechanical stirring 8-15h while ultrasonic vibration, then plasma treatment 3-5min, is made basic coating, basic coating, which is diluted with water, is made level-one coating and second level coating, and the viscosity of level-one coating is less than the viscosity of second level coating；The step of shell processed are as follows: preforming fusible wax pattern surface is coated with coating, sandblasting and drying, then it dewaxes, shell green body is made, being coated with coating includes being coated with and being coated with for the first time for the second time, by level-one coating rotary spraying in fusible wax pattern surface when being coated with for the first time, it is taken out after immersing the fusible wax pattern for being coated with level-one coating in second level coating when being coated with for the second time, is coated with coating, sandblasting and the step of drying and repeats 2-5 times.Drill bit error produced by the present invention is small, and size is accurate, any surface finish.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to casting technology fields, are related to a kind of lost-wax casting method of drill bit.
Background technique
Drill bit is the common cutter of drilling, and the structure of drill bit is usually front end with cutting edge, and cutter hub is provided with chip space.?
Mainly cutting force is born in cutting end when use, and clast is discharged by chip space.With the development of science and technology, workpiece is to processing essence
The requirement of degree is higher and higher, and existing drill bit uses general casting method, is commonly present that machining accuracy is low, error is big asks
Topic, can not accurately workpieces processing.Chinese patent application (CN103752907A) discloses a kind of hollow drill head and its preparation
Method is prepared using the method for machining, built-up welding, quenched tempering heat treatment, vacuum coating antirust treatment, is prevented although it has
It is rotten, easy to clean, firm, be unlikely to deform, durable advantage, it is apparent that being unable to control drill bit using this preparation method
Mismachining tolerance.
Lost wax process is also known as investment casting, refers to and fusible pattern is made using fusible material, coats on fusible pattern surface several
Shell is made in layer refractory material, then fusible pattern is melted discharge shell, so that casting mold is obtained, it can back-up sand casting after high-temperature roasting
Founding method.It is manufactured since wax material is widely used in fusible pattern, therefore is frequently referred to " lost-wax casting ".Lost wax casting method uses
The smooth meltability mould in accurate size, surface, and the whole shell almost without die joint is obtained, and without in general casting method
The processes such as molding, lower core and type brought by scale error, therefore the casting dimension prepared is more accurate.But due to
The problems such as lost wax casting method shell in casting process is commonly present intensity difference, is deformed in casting process, can not also accomplish
It is complete accurate, it requires further improvement.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, propose a kind of lost-wax casting side of drill bit
Method, drill bit error obtained is small, and size is accurate, any surface finish.
Object of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of lost-wax casting method of drill bit, includes the following steps:
S1: preparing coating, the raw material for preparing coating is mixed, mechanical stirring 8-15h while ultrasonic vibration, then
Basic coating is made in plasma treatment 3-5min, and basic coating, which is diluted with water, is made level-one coating and second level coating, level-one coating
Viscosity be less than second level coating viscosity；
S2: shell processed is coated with coating, sandblasting and drying on preforming fusible wax pattern surface, then dewaxes, type is made
Shell green body, the coating that is coated with includes being coated with and being coated with for the first time for the second time, applies level-one obtained in S1 when being coated with for the first time
Rotary spraying is expected in fusible wax pattern surface, immerses the fusible wax pattern for being coated with level-one coating obtained two in S1 when being coated with for the second time
It is taken out after in grade coating, coating, sandblasting and the step of drying of being coated with repeats 2-5 times；
S3: shell green body obtained in S2 is put into roaster and roasts by roasting, and shell is made；
S4: smelting and pouring is cast in S3 in shell obtained by the alloy melting for preparing drill bit at metal liquid, cold
But it takes out afterwards to get drill bit casting；
S5: post-processing is cleared up and is heat-treated to drill bit casting obtained in S4.
The present invention prepares drill bit using the method for lost-wax casting, and drill bit corner angle obtained are clear, dimensional accuracy is high, and surface is thick
Rugosity is low, therefore can reduce machining operations amount, reduces process, reduces working strength, and it is more accurate to be applied to size requirement
Work pieces process, also may be cast as the drill bit of planform complexity.It is the key that shell processed that fusible wax pattern surface, which is coated with coating, is only applied
Hanging uniformly, completely, without holiday or piling could obtain the shell inner surface that inner surface is bright and clean, solid, and stucco is certain
Uniformly, be especially coated with the surface layer that fusible wax pattern directly contacts require it is higher, current machinery, which is coated with, is often difficult to ensure face
Layer is coated with quality, therefore is mostly coated with by hand by manual control surface layer is coated in self-control shell assembly line entirely, and manipulator is only
2-5 layers after the completion, and the quality being coated with by hand depends on the technical level and qualification of worker, it is also difficult to guarantee is coated with quality
And consistency, and it is lower to be coated with working efficiency by hand.It tends to generate bubble during being coated with coating, cause obtained
Shell interior surface is not bright and clean enough, can also reduce the structural strength of shell, influence casting quality and casting quality.The present invention uses
Ultrasonic vibration adds churned mechanically mode to mix coating, degree of mixedness highest, and mixing is fine and smooth, abundant, and can eliminate
The bubble generated in whipping process.When ultrasonic wave acts on coating, certain positive pressure can be generated to coating, crush shape in coating
At micro-bubble, generate the great shock wave of ability, be equivalent to the atmospheric pressure that moment is up to 1000, facilitate coating
It mixes, reduces mixing time.The mode being coated with twice can eliminate the bubble for being coated with and generating in the process, and raising is coated with quality.First
It is coated in a manner of rotary spraying using the level-one coating compared with low viscosity, reuses the second level coating of viscosity higher with tradition
The mode of immersion is coated with.Bubble is easily broken when coating compared with low viscosity is coated with, during due to rotary spraying
There are certain pressure, also accelerate the rupture velocity for generating bubble, improve coating quality.And the coating compared with low viscosity can
To prevent piling, it is easier to which uniformly, the mode of rotary spraying also improves the efficiency of spraying, due to being coated with for coating
Level-one coating, second level coating are also easier to be coated with.The mode that the present invention is coated with twice avoids the inhomogeneity being manually coated with, and exempts from
It in addition to the amount of labour being manually coated with, improves work efficiency, reduces labor intensity.
It is carried out under the vacuum degree for hanging over 0.05-0.20MPa preferably, being applied for the first time described in step S1.
First time in the present invention is coated with to carry out under vacuum conditions, can effectively eliminate the bubble generated when being coated with.True
Under Altitude, the internal pressure of the bubble generated during being coated with is greater than external pressure and reaches elimination bubble to rupture
Purpose.But vacuum degree is too low, bubble cannot be completely eliminated, and vacuum degree is too high, and coating gravity becomes smaller, will cause coating with can
The contact of dewaxing type loosely, and also improves the requirement to equipment and energy consumption, increases production cost.Comprehensively consider, it will be true
Reciprocal of duty cycle controls within the above range.First time in the present invention is coated with to be carried out in a manner of rotary spraying under vacuum conditions, is applied
Expect that the bubble generated during being ejected into nozzle and being sprayed onto fusible wax pattern surface can be eliminated in time, spray has been effectively ensured
Quality is applied, and then ensure that finish, the mechanical property of shell and drill bit cast(ing) surface obtained.
Preferably, rotation speed when rotary spraying described in step S1 is 50-120r/min, spray time 15-
80s。
The speed of rotary spraying is too low, and the time is too short, and the level-one coating of spraying is too thin very little, influences any surface finish of shell
Degree, and it is unfavorable for being coated with for second level coating；Speed is excessively high, overlong time, the level-one settling off of spraying, since level-one coating is viscous
To spend lower, a part of level-one coating, which is difficult to apply, to be hung on fusible wax pattern, can be dropped down, it will cause coating coating became uneven,
The waste of time and energy consumption is also resulted in, therefore within the above range by rotation speed and spray time control.
Preferably, the viscosity of level-one coating described in step S1 is 3-5cP, the viscosity of second level coating is 7-10cP.
The viscosity of level-one coating is too low, is easy drippage after spraying to fusible wax pattern surface, and be unfavorable for the painting of second level coating
It hangs, viscosity is excessively high, and partial coating is be easy to cause to accumulate；The viscosity of second level coating is too low, it is not easy to which painting hangs over level-one coating
Surface, viscosity is excessively high equally to will cause partial coating accumulation, therefore the viscosity of level-one coating and second level coating is controlled above-mentioned
In range.
Preferably, basic coating described in step S1 includes the component of following parts by weight:
Refractory material, 60-90 parts
SiO2Colloidal sol, 25-38 parts
Carbon nanotube, 0.3-0.8 parts
Wetting agent, 1.3-1.8 parts
Defoaming agent, 0.3-1.1 parts.
Each component content in reasonable compatibility coating of the present invention effectively increases the coating performance and shell obtained of coating
Quality.Refractory material and SiO2The ratio of colloidal sol additive amount directly affects the performance of coating and shell, and the present invention is by fire proofed wood
Material and SiO2Within the above range, the two ratio is appropriate, and shell inner surface obtained is fine and close, and shell is strong for the additive amount control of colloidal sol
Degree is high, and surface quality of continuous castings is good, and precision is high.
The present invention is added to carbon nanotube in the preparation process of level-one coating and second level coating, effectively increases level-one painting
The mechanical property for being coated with performance and shell of material and second level coating, shell perfect heat-dissipating obtained become in casting process
Shape is small, to improve casting and casting quality, the thickness and weight of shell are reduced in the case where not influencing using quality.Carbon is received
The characteristics of mitron is small because its unique structure shows density, intensity, rigidity, excellent tenacity, and there is stronger anti-chemistry
Corrosivity and preferable heat dissipation performance.Carbon nanotube is added in basic coating in the present invention, can significantly improve to use and be somebody's turn to do
The mechanical property of the shell of coating preparation improves its thermal conductivity, wearability, intensity and toughness, can reduce type on this basis
The thickness and weight of shell, and the service life of shell can be extended.
With the increase of carbon nanotube additive amount, the tensile strength of shell is gradually risen, but when adding too much, shell
Intensity can reduce instead, it may be possible to since carbon nanotube is in SiO2It is not easy to disperse in colloidal sol, makes carbon nanometer in roasting shell
Pipe is unevenly distributed, and is interweaved agglomerating, and the combination of refractory material matrix is poor.There is gap between the carbon nanotube reunited simultaneously,
In stress as intrinsic formation of crack, under the action of plus load, generated at the crack tip of shell surface or inside
Stress is concentrated, if applied load is excessive, shell plastic deformation not enough, does not absorb excessive energy, the energy of applied load
The expansion area for concentrating on crackle, extends crackle rapidly, and brittle fracture will be presented in shell.
The addition of carbon nanotube also will increase the viscosity of coating, viscosity of the coating with carbon nanotube additive amount increase gradually
Increase, when carbon nanotube additive amount is excessive, viscosity of the coating increases too much, is diluted to appropriate viscosity use, the cohesive force of coating
It is inadequate with adhesion strength, it will affect investment shell intensity.Comprehensively consider, within the above range by the content control of carbon nanotube.
Preferably, the refractory material is in zirconium English powder, mullite, corundum powder, kaolin or alumina powder
It is one or more of.
Preferably, the mesh number of the refractory material is 200-400 mesh.
Refractory material and SiO2The ratio of colloidal sol additive amount directly affects the performance of coating and shell, and refractory material and
SiO2The ratio of colloidal sol additive amount then largely depends on granularity, grain size distribution and the SiO of refractory material2The viscosity of colloidal sol.It will be resistance to
The granularity of fiery material controls within the above range, with SiO2Colloidal sol fitness is good, and the viscosity of the coating of preparation is suitable for shell obtained
Intensity is high, and inner surface is smooth.
Preferably, the SiO2Colloidal sol includes the level-one SiO of 7-13 parts by weight2The second level of colloidal sol and 18-25 parts by weight
SiO2Colloidal sol, level-one SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol is 8-12nm, second level SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol is 15-20nm.
SiO2Colloidal sol is one kind with amorphous Si O2Particle is dispersed phase, using water as the stable colloidal state point of the alkalization of decentralized medium
Granular media system, SiO2The content and size of particle affect the performance of prepared coating.Due to unbodied SiO2Particle is with silicon
The form of acid colloids exists, and plays stronger adhesive attraction, and SiO2Particle surface is adsorbed with hydroxidion, and hydroxidion is the same as week
The positive ion cloud composition adsorption layer and diffusion layer (commonly referred to as " bilayer ") enclosed, it is silicon that particle lotus, which has the presence of negative electricity and " bilayer ",
The basis of Stability of Sols.SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol is small, large specific surface area, and negatively charged particle is more, is conducive to colloid
Dispersion and stable suspersion.Therefore use the SiO compared with small particle2The prepared coating of colloidal sol has preferable suspension and being coated with property,
This is conducive to soak and be coated with.But compared with the SiO of small particle2Dissolved adhesiveness is lower, is unfavorable for being coated with again to a certain extent, and
And preparation cost is higher.Therefore the SiO of the invention by 8-12nm partial size2Colloidal sol and 15-20nm partial size SiO2Colloidal sol is used in compounding,
Two kinds of SiO2The parts by weight of colloidal sol within the above range when, the preferable coating of available being coated with property and the higher type of wet strength
Shell.
Preferably, the temperature of roasting described in step S3 is 700-850 DEG C, the time is 1.5-3 hours.
The purpose of Baking is moisture removal, remaining mould material, sodium salt and the volatile matters such as saponified, to reduce shell
Gas-forming property is poured convenient for hot shell with improving its high-temperature behavior, is poured with improving with its gas permeability, improvement shell object phase composition is improved
The stowage capacity of molten metal.Maturing temperature and time are an important factor for influencing roasting quality, and maturing temperature is too low, time mistake
Short, not exclusively, the performances such as intensity, toughness, gas permeability of shell are difficult to ensure for roasting；Calcining time is too long, and temperature is excessively high, can shadow
The mechanical property and high-temperature behavior for ringing shell, also result in the waste of energy consumption.
Preferably, alloy described in step S4 is No. 55 carbon steels.
No. 55 carbon steel intensity are high, there is higher surface hardness and intensity after processing, are very suitable for making drill bit, still
The machinability of No. 55 carbon steels is general, therefore the lost wax process that the present invention uses can reduce cutting output, be conducive to drill bit
Preparation.
Preferably, cleaning described in step S5 includes carbon arc air gouging cutting, Shot Blasting, electrochemical cleaning, pneumatic mill
Head polishing.
Carbon arc air gouging cutting is for cutting off dead head and technique rib, and Shot Blasting, electrochemical cleaning are for removing casting table
The scab and oxide skin in face and inner cavity, air grinder polishing ensure that the use of drill bit for removing cast(ing) surface burr knob
Performance.
Preferably, heat treatment described in step S5 includes normalizing or tempering.
Normalizing can be improved the performance of drill bit obtained, be obtained the tissue close to equilibrium state with thinning microstructure.Tempering be by
Quenched casting is heated to critical-temperature a certain temperature below, held for some time, the heat treatment being then cooled to room temperature
Technique.Because the hardness of casting is high after quenching, brittleness is big, directly using brittle failure often occurs, it can eliminate or reduce by tempering
Internal stress reduces brittleness, improves toughness；On the other hand after adjustable quenching casting mechanical property and service performance.By
No. 55 carbon steels intensity with higher, wearability after normalizing or tempering, manufactured drill bit are durable.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the present invention prepares brill using the method for lost-wax casting
Head, drill bit corner angle obtained are clear, dimensional accuracy is high, and surface roughness is low, can be applied to size and require to compare accurately workpiece
Processing can also reduce machining operations amount, reduce process, reduce working strength, the complex-shaped drill bit of cast structure.Using
Ultrasonic vibration adds churned mechanically mode to mix coating, and degree of mixedness is high, and mixing is fine and smooth, and plasma treatment improves painting
The gluing performance of material.By the way of being coated with twice under vacuum conditions, achievees the purpose that eliminate bubble, improved and be coated with effect
The consistency and working efficiency of fruit, eliminate the amount of labour being manually coated with, reduce labor intensity.Reasonable compatibility coating each component
Content, shell inner surface obtained is fine and close, and investment shell intensity is high, and bit face is high-quality, and precision is high.In the preparation process of coating
In be added to carbon nanotube, effectively increase the cast product for being coated with performance, investment shell intensity and heat dissipation performance and drill bit of coating
Matter.Maturing temperature and the time of shell are reasonably adjusted, and selects rear manner of cleaning up appropriate, ensure that the service performance of drill bit.
Specific embodiment
The following is specific embodiments of the present invention, and technical scheme of the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is simultaneously
It is not limited to these embodiments.
It is further explained below by lost-wax casting method of the specific embodiment to drill bit in the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The lost-wax casting method of drill bit, includes the following steps: in the present invention
Prepare coating: by weight, by 20 parts of zirconium English powder, 40 parts of corundum powder, 13 parts of level-one SiO2Colloidal sol, 25 part two
Grade SiO2Colloidal sol, 0.3 part of carbon nanotube, 1.3 parts of wetting agents, 0.3 part of defoaming agent mixing, mechanical stirring while ultrasonic vibration
11h, then plasma treatment 4min, are made basic coating, basic coating be diluted with water be made level-one coating that viscosity is 3cP and
Viscosity is the second level coating of 10cP；
Wherein, zirconium English powder, corundum powder mesh number be 200-400 mesh.Level-one SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol is 8-12nm,
Second level SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol is 15-20nm.
Shell processed: level-one coating rotary spraying is carried out in preforming fusible wax pattern surface under the vacuum degree of 0.05MPa
It is coated with, rotation speed 50r/min, spray time 15s, immediately after immerses the fusible wax pattern for being coated with level-one coating for the first time
Be coated with for the second time in second level coating, sandblasting and drying after taking-up, it is above-mentioned be coated with coating, sandblasting and the step of drying repeat into
It row 2 times, dewaxes after dry, shell green body is made；
Roasting: shell green body being put into roaster and is roasted 1.5 hours at 700 DEG C, and shell is made；
Smelting and pouring: by the alloy melting for preparing drill bit at metal liquid, being cast in shell, taken out after cooling to get
Drill bit casting；
Post-processing: carbon arc air gouging cutting and elimination, Shot Blasting, electrochemical cleaning, air grinder mill are carried out to drill bit casting
Light and normalizing heat treatment.
Embodiment 2
The lost-wax casting method of drill bit, includes the following steps: in the present invention
Prepare coating: by weight, by 30 parts of zirconium English powder, 35 parts of mullites, 11 parts of level-one SiO2Colloidal sol, 24 parts of second levels
SiO2Colloidal sol, 0.4 part of carbon nanotube, 1.4 parts of wetting agents, 0.4 part of defoaming agent mixing, mechanical stirring while ultrasonic vibration
12h, then plasma treatment 4min, is made basic coating, and basic coating is diluted with water the level-one coating for being made that viscosity is 3.5cP
The second level coating for being 9cP with viscosity；
Wherein, zirconium English powder, mullite mesh number be 200-300 mesh.Level-one SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol be 8-10nm, two
Grade SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol is 15-18nm.
Shell processed: level-one coating rotary spraying is carried out in preforming fusible wax pattern surface under the vacuum degree of 0.08MPa
It is coated with, rotation speed 60r/min, spray time 30s, immediately after immerses the fusible wax pattern for being coated with level-one coating for the first time
Be coated with for the second time in second level coating, sandblasting and drying after taking-up, it is above-mentioned be coated with coating, sandblasting and the step of drying repeat into
It row 3 times, dewaxes after dry, shell green body is made；
Roasting: shell green body being put into roaster and is roasted 2.0 hours at 720 DEG C, and shell is made；
Smelting and pouring: by the alloy melting for preparing drill bit at metal liquid, being cast in shell, taken out after cooling to get
Drill bit casting；
Post-processing: carbon arc air gouging cutting and elimination, Shot Blasting, electrochemical cleaning, air grinder mill are carried out to drill bit casting
Light and tempering heat treatment.
Embodiment 3
The lost-wax casting method of drill bit, includes the following steps: in the present invention
Prepare coating: by weight, by 20 parts of zirconium English powder, 20 parts of corundum powder, 30 parts of alumina powders, 12 parts of level-ones
SiO2Colloidal sol, 20 parts of second level SiO2Colloidal sol, 0.5 part of carbon nanotube, 1.5 parts of wetting agents, 0.5 part of defoaming agent mixing, in ultrasonic vibration
While mechanical stirring 14h, then plasma treatment 4.5min, is made basic coating, and basic coating, which is diluted with water, is made viscosity
The second level coating that level-one coating and viscosity for 4cP are 8.5cP；
Wherein, zirconium English powder, corundum powder, alumina powder mesh number be 250-350 mesh.Level-one SiO2The micelle grain of colloidal sol
Diameter is 10-12nm, second level SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol is 18-20nm.
Shell processed: level-one coating rotary spraying is carried out in preforming fusible wax pattern surface under the vacuum degree of 0.10MPa
It is coated with, rotation speed 80r/min, spray time 50s, immediately after immerses the fusible wax pattern for being coated with level-one coating for the first time
Be coated with for the second time in second level coating, sandblasting and drying after taking-up, it is above-mentioned be coated with coating, sandblasting and the step of drying repeat into
It row 3 times, dewaxes after dry, shell green body is made；
Roasting: shell green body being put into roaster and is roasted 2.2 hours at 750 DEG C, and shell is made；
Smelting and pouring: by the alloy melting for preparing drill bit at metal liquid, being cast in shell, taken out after cooling to get
Drill bit casting；
Post-processing: carbon arc air gouging cutting and elimination, Shot Blasting, electrochemical cleaning, air grinder mill are carried out to drill bit casting
Light and normalizing heat treatment.
Embodiment 4
The lost-wax casting method of drill bit, includes the following steps: in the present invention
Prepare coating: by weight, by 20 parts of corundum powder, 25 parts of kaolin, 30 parts of alumina powders, 9 parts of level-ones
SiO2Colloidal sol, 21 parts of second level SiO2Colloidal sol, 0.6 part of carbon nanotube, 1.6 parts of wetting agents, 0.8 part of defoaming agent mixing, in ultrasonic vibration
While mechanical stirring 15h, then plasma treatment 5min, be made basic coating, basic coating, which is diluted with water, to be made viscosity and be
The level-one coating and viscosity of 4cP is the second level coating of 8cP；
Wherein, corundum powder, kaolin, alumina powder mesh number be 300-400 mesh.Level-one SiO2The micelle grain of colloidal sol
Diameter is 9-11nm, second level SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol is 16-18nm.
Shell processed: level-one coating rotary spraying is carried out in preforming fusible wax pattern surface under the vacuum degree of 0.15MPa
It is coated with, rotation speed 100r/min, spray time 60s, immediately after soaks the fusible wax pattern for being coated with level-one coating for the first time
Enter and be coated with for the second time in second level coating, sandblasting and drying after taking-up, above-mentioned coating, sandblasting and the step of drying of being coated with repeat
It carries out 4 times, dewaxes after dry, shell green body is made；
Roasting: shell green body being put into roaster and is roasted 2.5 hours at 800 DEG C, and shell is made；
Smelting and pouring: by the alloy melting for preparing drill bit at metal liquid, being cast in shell, taken out after cooling to get
Drill bit casting；
Post-processing: carbon arc air gouging cutting and elimination, Shot Blasting, electrochemical cleaning, air grinder mill are carried out to drill bit casting
Light and tempering heat treatment.
Embodiment 5
The lost-wax casting method of drill bit, includes the following steps: in the present invention
Prepare coating: by weight, by 20 parts of zirconium English powder, 30 parts of kaolin, 30 parts of alumina powders, 10 parts of level-ones
SiO2Colloidal sol, 18 parts of second level SiO2Colloidal sol, 0.7 part of carbon nanotube, 1.7 parts of wetting agents, 1.0 parts of defoaming agent mixing, in ultrasonic vibration
While mechanical stirring 8h, then plasma treatment 3min, be made basic coating, basic coating, which is diluted with water, to be made viscosity and be
The level-one coating and viscosity of 4.5cP is the second level coating of 7.5cP；
Wherein, zirconium English powder, kaolin, alumina powder mesh number be 350-400 mesh.SiO2Colloidal sol includes level-one SiO2It is molten
The particle size analysis of glue is 9-12nm, second level SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol is 16-19nm.
Shell processed: level-one coating rotary spraying is carried out in preforming fusible wax pattern surface under the vacuum degree of 0.18MPa
It is coated with, rotation speed 110r/min, spray time 70s, immediately after soaks the fusible wax pattern for being coated with level-one coating for the first time
Enter and be coated with for the second time in second level coating, sandblasting and drying after taking-up, above-mentioned coating, sandblasting and the step of drying of being coated with repeat
It carries out 4 times, dewaxes after dry, shell green body is made；
Roasting: shell green body being put into roaster and is roasted 2.8 hours at 820 DEG C, and shell is made；
Smelting and pouring: by the alloy melting for preparing drill bit at metal liquid, being cast in shell, taken out after cooling to get
Drill bit casting；
Post-processing: carbon arc air gouging cutting and elimination, Shot Blasting, electrochemical cleaning, air grinder mill are carried out to drill bit casting
Light and normalizing heat treatment.
Embodiment 6
The lost-wax casting method of drill bit, includes the following steps: in the present invention
Prepare coating: by weight, by 20 parts of zirconium English powder, 30 parts of mullites, 40 parts of alumina powders, 7 parts of level-ones
SiO2Colloidal sol, 18 parts of second level SiO2Colloidal sol, 0.8 part of carbon nanotube, 1.8 parts of wetting agents, 1.1 parts of defoaming agent mixing, in ultrasonic vibration
While mechanical stirring 10h, then plasma treatment 3.5min, is made basic coating, and basic coating, which is diluted with water, is made viscosity
The second level coating that level-one coating and viscosity for 5cP are 7cP；
Wherein, zirconium English powder, mullite, alumina powder mesh number be 250-400 mesh.Level-one SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol
For 8-11nm, second level SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol is 16-20nm.
Shell processed: level-one coating rotary spraying is carried out in preforming fusible wax pattern surface under the vacuum degree of 0.20MPa
It is coated with, rotation speed 120r/min, spray time 80s, immediately after soaks the fusible wax pattern for being coated with level-one coating for the first time
Enter and be coated with for the second time in second level coating, sandblasting and drying after taking-up, above-mentioned coating, sandblasting and the step of drying of being coated with repeat
It carries out 5 times, dewaxes after dry, shell green body is made；
Roasting: shell green body being put into roaster and is roasted 3 hours at 850 DEG C, and shell is made；
Smelting and pouring: by the alloy melting for preparing drill bit at metal liquid, being cast in shell, taken out after cooling to get
Drill bit casting；
Post-processing: carbon arc air gouging cutting and elimination, Shot Blasting, electrochemical cleaning, air grinder mill are carried out to drill bit casting
Light and tempering heat treatment.
Comparative example 1
It is only once coated with when shell processed, i.e., only fusible wax pattern is immersed in second level coating and be coated with, sandblasting after taking-up
And it is dry, other are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 2
The first time of shell processed, which is coated with, to be used under normal pressure, and fusible wax pattern is immersed the side being coated in level-one coating
Formula carries out, other are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 3
It is not added with carbon nanotube in the preparation process of coating, other are same as Example 1.
By the mechanics of shell obtained in the mechanical property of shell obtained in 1-6 of the embodiment of the present invention and comparative example 1-3
Performance is compared, and comparison result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1: shell obtained is compared with the mechanical property of shell obtained in comparative example 1-3 in embodiment 1-6
In conclusion the present invention prepares drill bit using the method for lost-wax casting, drill bit corner angle obtained are clear, dimensional accuracy
Height, dimensional accuracy can reach 0.003cm/cm, and surface roughness is low, up to 1.00 μm of Ra, therefore can largely reduce metal cutting
Labor content is realized without surplus casting, and machine tool and machining period not only can be largely saved, and it is former significantly to save metal
Material, and it is castable produce that planform is complicated, error is small, is difficult to the drill bit processed with other methods, the drill bit of preparation can answer
It requires to compare accurately work pieces process for size.It can also be produced in batches, ensure that the consistency of casting.And it avoids
The stress that knife mark is remained after machining is concentrated.Coating is mixed using ultrasonic vibration plus churned mechanically mode, is mixed
Degree is high, and mixing is fine and smooth, and plasma treatment improves the gumminess of coating.Using the method being coated with twice under vacuum conditions,
Achieve the purpose that eliminate bubble, improve the consistency and working efficiency for being coated with effect, eliminate the amount of labour being manually coated with, drops
Low labour cost.The content of reasonable compatibility coating each component, shell inner surface obtained is fine and close, and investment shell intensity is high, drill bit table
Face is high-quality, and precision is high.It is added to carbon nanotube in the preparation process of coating, effectively increase coating is coated with performance, shell
Intensity and heat dissipation performance can reduce the wall thickness of shell, improve the casting quality of drill bit.Reasonably adjust shell maturing temperature and when
Between, and rear manner of cleaning up appropriate is selected, it ensure that the service performance of drill bit.
Specific embodiment described herein is only an example for the spirit of the invention.The neck of technology belonging to the present invention
The technical staff in domain can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or replace by a similar method
In generation, however, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of lost-wax casting method of drill bit, which comprises the steps of:
S1: preparing coating, and the raw material that will prepare coating mix, mechanical stirring 8-15h while ultrasonic vibration, then it is equal from
Basic coating is made in subprocessing 3-5min, and basic coating, which is diluted with water, is made level-one coating and second level coating, and level-one coating glues
Degree is less than the viscosity of second level coating,
The basic coating includes the component of following parts by weight:
60-90 parts of refractory material,
SiO225-38 parts of colloidal sol,
0.3-0.8 parts of carbon nanotube,
1.3-1.8 parts of wetting agent,
0.3-1.1 parts of defoaming agent；
S2: shell processed is coated with coating, sandblasting and drying on preforming fusible wax pattern surface, then dewaxes, shell base is made
Body, the coating that is coated with includes being coated with and being coated with for the first time for the second time, and level-one coating obtained in S1 exists when being coated with for the first time
Rotation is sprayed at fusible wax pattern surface under the vacuum degree of 0.05-0.20MPa, and the fusible of level-one coating will be coated with when being coated with for the second time
Wax pattern is taken out after immersing in S1 in second level coating obtained, and coating, sandblasting and the step of drying of being coated with repeats 2-5
It is secondary；
S3: shell green body obtained in S2 is put into roaster and roasts by roasting, and shell is made；
S4: smelting and pouring is cast in S3 in shell obtained, after cooling by the alloy melting for preparing drill bit at metal liquid
It takes out to get drill bit casting；
S5: post-processing is cleared up and is heat-treated to drill bit casting obtained in S4.
2. the lost-wax casting method of drill bit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when rotary spraying described in step S1
Rotation speed be 50-120r/min, spray time 15-80s.
3. the lost-wax casting method of drill bit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that level-one coating described in step S1
Viscosity is 3-5cP, and the viscosity of second level coating is 7-10cP.
4. the lost-wax casting method of drill bit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the refractory material be zirconium English powder,
One or more of mullite, corundum powder, kaolin or alumina powder.
5. the lost-wax casting method of drill bit according to claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that the mesh number of the refractory material
For 200-400 mesh.
6. the lost-wax casting method of drill bit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the SiO2Colloidal sol includes 7-13 weight
Measure the level-one SiO of part2The second level SiO of colloidal sol and 18-25 parts by weight2Colloidal sol, level-one SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol is 8-12nm,
Second level SiO2The particle size analysis of colloidal sol is 15-20nm.
7. the lost-wax casting method of drill bit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature of roasting described in step S3
It is 700-850 DEG C, the time is 1.5-3 hours.
8. the lost-wax casting method of drill bit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that cleaning described in step S5 includes carbon
The cutting of arc gouge, Shot Blasting, electrochemical cleaning, air grinder polishing.
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| CN107282866B (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-10-18 | 合肥市田源精铸有限公司 | A method for completely regenerating sand from modified clay |
| CN108543912A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-09-18 | 佛山市高明利钢精密铸造有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the steel part of surface compact |
| CN111151713B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-12-18 | 东营一诚精密金属有限公司 | Coating process of silica sol coating on surface of wax mold for valve casting |
| CN112355370B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-07-05 | 国网山东省电力公司寿光市供电公司 | Switch cabinet hole opening system |
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