CN106735225B - A method of being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum - Google Patents

A method of being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106735225B
CN106735225B CN201611217467.7A CN201611217467A CN106735225B CN 106735225 B CN106735225 B CN 106735225B CN 201611217467 A CN201611217467 A CN 201611217467A CN 106735225 B CN106735225 B CN 106735225B
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forging
aluminium alloy
brake drum
brake disc
disc brake
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CN106735225A (en
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李珮豪
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Tianjin zoyuan New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.
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TIANJIN BAIENWEI NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/115Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/18Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass brake shoes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of methods being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, including:(1) melting;(2) injection forming;(3) blanking;(4) it forges;(5) it is heat-treated;(6) it machines.First by the aluminium alloy smelting of special component, blank is prepared in such a way that injection shapes, again blank is processed into suitably sized and hydraulic press and mold forging and molding brake disc brake drum forging, last thermally treated and machining is used to obtain brake disc brake drum part.Beneficial effects of the present invention are:The aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum prepared by this method improves 23 times compared to cast iron brake disk brake drum weight saving 40 70%, thermal coefficient, mechanical strength more high-wearing feature is more preferable, meet automotive light weight technology development trend, system temperature raising under high speed on-position, which can effectively be solved, causes heat fading to influence braking effect, improve travel safety, service life extends 23 times than casting brake disc brake drum.

Description

A method of being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of automobile accessories, and in particular to a kind of processing technology of brake disc brake drum, especially A method of being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum.
Background technology
Brake system of car has two kinds of forms of disc brake and drum brake, and current brake disk brake drum mostly uses cast iron quality, with ash Cast iron HT250 is representative, casting technique production.Excellent brake disc brake drum should have lightweight, have enough intensity, excellent Wearability, enough high-temperature behaviors, excellent heat dissipation performance and fatigue performance.Due to the office by material and casting technique Limit, cast iron brake disk brake drum heavier-weight, and under spring, increase automobile fuel consumption, influence accelerating ability.Using forging The single weight of aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum can mitigate 40-70% compared to cast iron brake disk brake drum, and light weight effect is notable. Cast iron quality thermal coefficient is relatively low, only about 58W/ (mk), and in high speed braking or continuous braking, short time friction generates big Calorimetric, lower thermal conductivity cause heat not distribute in time, can cause brake disc brake drum heat fading, influence braking effect and Service life.Reflectal thermal coefficient reaches 120-180W/ (mk), and the capacity of heat transmission is the 2- of cast iron brake disk brake drum 3 times, brake heat can be distributed in time, ensure that the reliability of braking system.Cast iron brake disk brake drum requires tensile strength Not less than 210MPa, hardness is injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum tensile strength and reaches between 187-241HB 400-550MPa, hardness can meet mechanical property requirements completely between 190-230HB.
Existing patent document, Patent No. CN201310058382.9 propose to produce high silicon using the method for semi-solid casting Aluminum Moving plate brake drum.Though semi-solid casting method is better than conventional casting techniques, semi solid slurry is easily involved in gas, leads to casting There are gas hole defects for inside, generally can not further heat treatment reinforcement.Semi-solid casting method mechanical property is slightly better than general casting, But far away from being injected into shape forging technique.Material composition limitation can be broken through by being injected into shape forging technique, further increase reinforcing The high-performance aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum that constituent content, production routine casting and semi-solid casting can not produce.Injection forming Cooperation forging is a kind of new process preparing high-performance aluminium alloy parts, is especially suitable for preparing high-strength, wear-resisting, alumite conjunction Gold.Opposite casting technique spray deposition processing cooling velocity is fast, and material grains are tiny, the distribution of hardening constituent particle dispersion, no tradition Casting flaw substantially increases the strength of materials, hardness, frictional behaviour and fatigue behaviour.
Invention content
The defects of in order to solve big cast iron brake disk brake drum weight existing in the prior art, poor thermal conductivity, the present invention Provide a kind of method being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, the product that technical solution is produced through the invention With light weight, excellent thermal conductivity, and also have the characteristics that higher-strength, wearability, fatigue durability, can be used for each discharge plate Brake automobile.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:A method of it being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, is wrapped Include following steps:
Step 1, melting:Melting manufactures the aluminium alloy raw material of aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, each ingredient in aluminium alloy raw material Mass percent is as follows:Si:15-40%;Fe:0.1-2%;Ni:0.1-2%;Cu:0.3-4.5%;Mg:0.3-2%, Al are 49.5-84.2%;
Step 2, injection forming:By spray deposition processing equipment, using high pressure nitrogen to described in being obtained in step 1 Aluminium alloy raw material carries out injection forming, prepares a diameter of 200-500mm blanks;
Step 3, blanking:Using the epidermis of the blank obtained in lathe removal step two, table will be removed using sawing machine The injection after skin forms Billet cutting to the material block of required size, and then the material block is put into heating furnace and is heated, is added Hot temperature is 300-600 DEG C, and heating time is 0.5-6 hours;The size of the material block is according to the practical ruler of brake disc brake drum Very little decision.
Step 4, forging:The shaping dies on hydraulic press is first preheating to 200-500 DEG C, then the shaping dies again The material block obtained in step 3 is finally placed into the oil by surface spraying water-based graphite releasing agent or oil-based release agent again The shaping dies on press you forge and be processed into forging;
Step 5, heat treatment:The forging obtained in step 4 is first subjected to solution treatment, solid solution temperature 400- 600 DEG C, the solution treatment time is 0.5-5 hours, and the forging is put into quenching after being taken out out of solution treatment equipment in 20 seconds In equipment, hardening heat is 10-80 DEG C, and the cool time is 2-80 seconds, and quenched treated that the forging carries out at timeliness again Reason, aging temp are 100-250 DEG C, and aging time is 6-30 hours;
Step 6, machining:By the forging of the priority obtained in step 5 after solid solution, quenching and ageing treatment It is put on numerically controlled lathe and is machined, finally obtain brake disc brake drum finished product.
Further improvement of the present invention, deposit preform silicon phase size is not more than 15 μm in the blank obtained in step 2.
Further improvement of the present invention, the aluminium alloy material quality percentage obtained in step 1 are Si:32%; Fe:0.5%;Ni:0.2%;Cu:3.8%;Mg:1.5%, Al 62%
Further improvement of the present invention, a diameter of 300mm of the blank obtained in step 2.
Further improvement of the present invention, the material block obtained in step 3, which is put into heating furnace, to be heated, and heating temperature is 400-600 DEG C, heating time is 0.5-5 hours.
Further improvement of the present invention, the hydraulic press maximum pressure used in step 4 are 5000T.
Further improvement of the present invention, the shaping dies used in step 4 are preheating to 350-500 DEG C.
The use of water-based graphite releasing agent or the oil-based release agent fills type and demoulding conducive to the forging.
Further improvement of the present invention, solid solution temperature is 450-600 DEG C in step 5, and the solution treatment time is 1-5 Hour, the forging is put into 15 seconds in quenching apparatus after being taken out out of solution treatment equipment, to completing the institute of solution treatment It states forging and carries out quenching treatment, hardening heat is 50 DEG C, and the cool time is 60 seconds, and quenched treated that the forging carries out again Ageing treatment, aging temp are 120-200 DEG C, and aging time is 6-30 hours.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, compared with prior art, the aluminum alloy material brake disc brake drum of technical solution of the present invention manufacture, weight are comparable Traditional cast iron brake disc brake drum loss of weight 40-70%, alleviates complete vehicle weight, oil consumption also decreases, and realizes energy-saving and emission-reduction Purpose;Brake disc brake drum raw material of the present invention takes spray deposition processing, and there is no casting flaw, even tissue, crystal grain is tiny; The characteristics of forging technology is taken in forming, has forging technology streamline complete, high mechanical properties.
2, injection forming makes the brake disc brake drum have higher intensity, hardness, wearability and resist with forging technology Fatigue behaviour meets brake disc drum sub-assembly of parking brake requirement.The aluminum alloy material thermal coefficient of the brake disc brake drum is 2-3 times of traditional cast iron material, will improve cast iron brake disk brake drum poor heat radiation in high speed braking or continuous braking causes Heat fading, improve skidding reliability and travel safety.
3, aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum of the invention can not only completely eliminate tradition using shape forging technique is injected into Metallurgical imperfection present in casting and semi-solid casting, can also break through the limitation of material composition, further increase intensified element Content.
4, there is lightweight, rapid heat dissipation, mechanical performance height using aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum produced by the invention, it is wear-resisting Damage, antifatigue, long lifespan characteristic, can be used for various disc brake automobiles.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with Obtain other attached drawings according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of embodiment production product for the method that the present invention is injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum Metallograph;
Fig. 2 is another embodiment production product for the method that the present invention is injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum Metallograph.
Specific implementation mode
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, technical scheme of the present invention will be carried out below Detailed description.Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than whole implementation Example.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are acquired without making creative work All other embodiment, belong to the range protected of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of method being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, includes the following steps:Step One, melting:Melting manufactures the aluminium alloy raw material of aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, and aluminium alloy raw material uses the alloy using Al as matrix Melting is carried out, wherein also containing following alloying element in addition to Al, is indicated with mass percent:Si:26%, Fe:0.2%, Ni:0.12%, Cu:3.8%, Mg:1.1%.Step 2, injection forming:By spray deposition processing equipment, high pressure nitrogen is used Injection forming is carried out to the aluminium alloy raw material obtained in step 1, obtains diameter 260mm blanks.Step 3, blanking:Use lathe Blank is switched to diameter 250mm, then further according to be processed by the blank epidermis of the diameter 260mm obtained in removal step two Brake disc brake drum size calculate needed for material block height, a diameter of 250mm Billet cuttings will be processed into required height Then material block is put into heating furnace and heats by the material block of degree, heating temperature is set as 550 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3 hours.Step 4, forging It makes:The shaping dies on hydraulic press is first preheated to 350 DEG C;Using 5000T hydraulic presses, pressure is set as 4000T, after preheating Oil-based release agent is sprayed on shaping dies, the material block obtained in step 3, which is placed into forging in shaping dies, is processed into forging. Step 5, heat treatment:By the forging obtained in step 4 carry out solution treatment, 550 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, soaking time 2 hours, Gu Molten be disposed is quenched at once, and forging is taken out to the time interval being put into quenching apparatus from solution treatment equipment not More than 20 seconds, 50 DEG C of water temperature is quenched, 60 seconds cool times, quenched treated that forging carries out ageing treatment, aging temp again It it is 180 DEG C, timeliness soaking time is 10 hours, and forging is then taken out holding furnace, makes forging in air cooling to room temperature.Step Six, machining:The forging that step 5 is finally cooled to room temperature is added using numerically controlled lathe according to brake disc brake drum drawing requirement Work is to finished product.The brake disc brake drum tensile strength manufactured using the above method reaches 504MPa, hardness 196HB, metallograph Middle particle is hard hardening constituent silicon in aluminium alloy, it can be seen that silicon phase small and dispersed is distributed after injection forming and forging, this It ensure that brake disc brake drum has excellent polishing machine.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of method being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, includes the following steps:Step One, melting:Melting manufactures the aluminium alloy raw material of aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, and aluminium alloy raw material uses the alloy using Al as matrix Melting is carried out, wherein also containing following alloying element in addition to Al, is indicated with mass percent:Si:32%, Fe:0.5%, Ni:0.15%, Cu:4.1%, Mg:1.2%.Step 2, injection forming:By spray deposition processing equipment, high pressure nitrogen is used Injection forming is carried out to the aluminium alloy raw material obtained in step 1, obtains diameter 300mm blanks.Step 3, blanking:Use lathe Blank is switched to diameter 280mm, then further according to be processed by the blank epidermis of the diameter 300mm obtained in removal step two Brake disc brake drum size calculate needed for material block height, a diameter of 280mm Billet cuttings will be processed into required height Then material block is put into heating furnace and heats by the material block of degree, heating temperature is set as 450 DEG C, keeps the temperature 2 hours.Step 4, forging It makes:The shaping dies on hydraulic press is first preheated to 400 DEG C;Using 5000T hydraulic presses, pressure is set as 4400T, after preheating Water-based graphite releasing agent is sprayed on shaping dies, the material block obtained in step 3, which is placed into forging in shaping dies, is processed into forging Part.Step 5, heat treatment:The forging obtained in step 4 is subjected to solution treatment, 500 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, soaking time 2.5 is small When, solution treatment finishes to be quenched at once, and forging is taken out to the time being put into quenching apparatus from solution treatment equipment Interval is no more than 30 seconds, quenches 60 DEG C of water temperature, and 60 seconds cool times, quenched treated that forging carries out ageing treatment again, when It is 175 DEG C to imitate temperature, and timeliness soaking time is 12 hours, and forging is then taken out holding furnace, makes forging in air cooling to room Temperature.Step 6, machining:The forging that step 5 is finally cooled to room temperature uses numerically controlled lathe according to brake disc brake drum drawing It is required that being machined to finished product.The brake disc brake drum tensile strength manufactured using the above method reaches 540MPa, hardness 226HB, from It can be found that the raising with Si constituent contents, the graininess hard hardening constituent in material are significantly more than embodiment in metallograph 1, this makes embodiment 2 compare 1 hardness higher of embodiment, and wear-resisting property is more preferable.It is injected into the braking of shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc Drum metallographic structure is uniform, completely eliminates the casting flaw that cast iron brake disk brake drum is difficult to avoid that, has excellent mechanical property Energy.
By Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention and traditional cast iron HT250 performance comparisons, data are as follows:
The present invention is compared with traditional cast iron, is injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum intensity higher, hardness and casting Iron Moving plate brake drum is suitable, but thermal conductivity is 2-3 times of cast iron, in brake process, can effectively reduce because of braking process The frictional heat of generation is accumulated, while shortening braking distance, extends the brake disc brake drum service life.Aluminum alloy material density is only cast About the 1/3 of iron, using each brake disc brake drum of aluminum alloy material can loss of weight 40~70%, light weight effect is notable.It is injected into Shape forging technique also has better fatigue performance compared to the aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum of casting or Semi-solid Process production And abrasion resistance properties, improve the driving safety of motor vehicle.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of method being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Step 1, melting:Melting manufactures the aluminium alloy raw material of aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, each composition quality in aluminium alloy raw material Percentage is as follows:Si:15-40%;Fe:0.1-2%;Ni:0.1-2%;Cu:0.3-4.5%;Mg:0.3-2%, Al 49.5- 84.2%;
Step 2, injection forming:By spray deposition processing equipment, using high pressure nitrogen to the alloy that is obtained in step 1 Liquid raw material carries out injection forming, prepares the blank of a diameter of 200-500mm;
Step 3, blanking:Using the epidermis of the blank obtained in lathe removal step two, after removing epidermis using sawing machine The Billet cutting to the material block of required size, then the material block is put into heating furnace and is heated, heating temperature 300- 600 DEG C, heating time is 0.5-6 hours;
Step 4, forging:The shaping dies on hydraulic press is first preheating to 200-500 DEG C, then in the forming mould surface Water-based graphite releasing agent or oil-based release agent are sprayed, the material block obtained in step 3 is finally placed into the hydraulic press again On the shaping dies in forging be processed into forging;
Step 5, heat treatment:The forging obtained in step 4 is first subjected to solution treatment, solid solution temperature 400- 600 DEG C, the solution treatment time is 0.5-5 hours, and the forging is put into quenching after being taken out out of solution treatment equipment in 20 seconds In equipment, the forging to completing solution treatment carries out quenching treatment, and hardening heat is 10-80 DEG C, cool time 2-80 Second, quenched treated the forging carries out again ageing treatment, aging temp is 100-250 DEG C, and aging time is that 6-30 is small When;
Step 6, machining:The forging of the priority obtained in step 5 after solid solution, quenching and ageing treatment is put into It is machined on numerically controlled lathe, finally obtains brake disc brake drum finished product.
2. the method according to claim 1 for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, it is characterised in that:Step Deposit preform silicon phase size is not more than 15 μm in the blank obtained in two.
3. the method according to claim 1 for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, it is characterised in that:Step The aluminium alloy material quality percentage obtained in one is:Si:32%;Fe:0.5%;Ni:0.2%;Cu:3.8%;Mg: 1.5%;Al is 62%.
4. the method according to claim 1 for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, it is characterised in that:Step A diameter of 300mm of the blank obtained in two.
5. the method according to claim 1 for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, it is characterised in that:Step The material block obtained in three, which is put into heating furnace, to be heated, and heating temperature is 400-600 DEG C, and heating time is 0.5-5 hours.
6. the method according to claim 1 for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, it is characterised in that:Step The hydraulic press maximum pressure used in four is 5000T.
7. the method according to claim 1 for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, it is characterised in that:Step The shaping dies used in four is preheating to 350-500 DEG C.
8. the method according to claim 1 for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, it is characterised in that:Step Solid solution temperature is 450-600 DEG C in five, and 1-5 hours solution treatment time, the forging takes out out of solution treatment equipment It is put into quenching apparatus in 15 seconds afterwards, the forging to completing solution treatment carries out quenching treatment, and hardening heat is 50 DEG C, Cool time is 60 seconds, and quenched treated the forging carries out again ageing treatment, aging temp is 120-200 DEG C, timeliness Time is 6-30 hours.
CN201611217467.7A 2016-12-26 2016-12-26 A method of being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum Active CN106735225B (en)

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CN107385294A (en) * 2017-08-01 2017-11-24 天津百恩威新材料科技有限公司 A kind of aluminum alloy for automobile wheel hub and its spray deposition processing
CN107447136A (en) * 2017-08-01 2017-12-08 天津百恩威新材料科技有限公司 A kind of automobile brake disc or brake rim aluminium alloy and its spray deposition processing
CN110218915B (en) * 2019-07-05 2021-07-20 江苏豪然喷射成形合金有限公司 AlSi20Fe5Ni2Method for producing a blank
JP2022551449A (en) * 2019-10-09 2022-12-09 エリコン サーフェス ソリューションズ アーゲー、 プフェフィコン Method for Producing Corrosion and Wear Resistant Cast Iron Brake Discs
CN110756742A (en) * 2019-10-22 2020-02-07 广东机电职业技术学院 High-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc and preparation method and application thereof
CN113458721B (en) * 2021-06-17 2022-05-13 中机精密成形产业技术研究院(安徽)股份有限公司 Preparation method of high-strength aluminum alloy guide bar grooved needle connecting rod

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Address after: 301800 No. 13, Baofu Road, energy conservation and environmental protection industrial zone, Baodi District, Tianjin

Patentee after: Tianjin zoyuan New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 301800 No. 13, Baofu Road, energy conservation and environmental protection industrial zone, Baodi District, Tianjin

Patentee before: TIANJIN BAIENWEI NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.