CN117464027A - Carbide ceramic steel plate heterostructure composite board preparation equipment and technology - Google Patents
Carbide ceramic steel plate heterostructure composite board preparation equipment and technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN117464027A CN117464027A CN202311463709.0A CN202311463709A CN117464027A CN 117464027 A CN117464027 A CN 117464027A CN 202311463709 A CN202311463709 A CN 202311463709A CN 117464027 A CN117464027 A CN 117464027A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
- B22F2007/042—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation device and a preparation process of a composite board with a heterostructure of a carbide ceramic steel plate, wherein the preparation device comprises the following steps: the processing station is used for placing a steel body to be processed, two laser cladding mechanisms are arranged right above the processing station, and carbide ceramic interlayers are generated in situ on the steel body under the self-propelled state by the laser cladding mechanisms; the laser cladding mechanism comprises: the positioning slide rail is provided with a main frame plate in a sliding manner above the positioning slide rail, a plurality of sub-position frames are distributed on the main frame plate at equal intervals, each sub-position frame is vertically arranged and can be slidably adjusted along the main frame plate, lifting plates are vertically and slidably arranged on the sub-position frames, and a laser cladding device is arranged at one end of each lifting plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser material increase, and particularly relates to equipment and a process for preparing a composite board with a carbide ceramic steel plate heterostructure.
Background
Industrial cabinets are usually formed by deformation of ordinary steel plates, and when no external interference exists, certain protection effect is provided for internal components, but when the internal components are damaged deliberately, the external impact (damage) effect such as hammering, cutting, flame ablation and the like is difficult to resist, equipment and devices are lost, and the ordinary steel plates cannot improve the protective performance of the industrial cabinets so as to resist impact bodies and effectively absorb or disperse the energy of the impact bodies. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a device and a process for preparing a composite board with a heterostructure of a carbide ceramic steel plate, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a carbide ceramic steel plate heterostructure composite sheet preparation apparatus, comprising: the processing station is used for placing a steel body to be processed, two laser cladding mechanisms are arranged right above the processing station, and carbide ceramic interlayers are generated in situ on the steel body under the self-propelled state by the laser cladding mechanisms;
the laser cladding mechanism comprises: the positioning slide rail is provided with a main frame plate in a sliding manner above the positioning slide rail, a plurality of sub-position frames are distributed on the main frame plate at equal intervals, each sub-position frame is vertically arranged and can be slidably adjusted along the main frame plate, lifting plates are vertically and slidably arranged on the sub-position frames, and a laser cladding device is arranged at one end of each lifting plate.
Further, preferably, the two laser cladding mechanisms are distributed at the transverse and longitudinal positions of the processing station, and the steel body can be freely adjusted in angle on the processing station, so that carbide ceramic interlayers in an inclined or parallel state with the side edges of the steel body are formed on the steel body, and the two laser cladding mechanisms in the transverse and longitudinal directions work alternately.
Further, preferably, the laser cladding device includes: the steering disc, its up end is fixed mutually with the output of drive division, the below of steering disc is fixed with the shell, the rotation is provided with the shaft coupling in the shell, the one end rotation of shell is provided with the side branch dish, the side branch dish is fixed mutually with the shaft coupling, just the rotating electrical machines is installed to the other end of shell, the output and the shaft coupling of rotating electrical machines are connected, be fixed with the laser instrument on the side branch dish, be equipped with laser generating device in the laser instrument, just the binary channels nozzle is installed to the lower terminal surface of laser instrument.
Further, preferably, a shaft end body is installed below the laser, a link rod is symmetrically fixed on the shaft end body in a left-right mode, one end of the link rod is connected to the laser in a sliding mode, and a fine adjustment telescopic rod is connected between the shaft end body and the laser;
the laser can provide a first laser beam and a second laser beam respectively.
Further, preferably, the dual channel nozzle includes: the positioning end sleeve is arranged below the shaft end body, a metal guide head is fixed in the positioning end sleeve, and a laser channel is arranged in the metal guide head;
an annular channel is further arranged in the metal guide head, a plurality of powder feeding cavities are distributed below the annular channel, a first powder feeding pipe is connected to the outside of the shaft end, and one end of the first powder feeding pipe is connected to the shaft end in a penetrating way and is communicated with the annular channel;
the powder channel is formed by matching the positioning end sleeve with the metal guide head, the second powder feeding pipe is connected to the powder channel, an adjusting nozzle is arranged outside the metal guide head below the positioning end sleeve, and an annular powder cavity is formed by matching the adjusting nozzle with the metal guide head.
Further, preferably, the adjusting nozzle includes: the fixed shaft collar is characterized in that a plurality of matching plates are circumferentially distributed on the side wall of the fixed shaft collar, one sides of the matching plates are mutually stacked and abutted, the matching plates are connected to the fixed shaft collar in a rotating mode through hinge shafts, a rotating sleeve is coaxially arranged outside the fixed shaft collar in a relatively deflectable mode, a plurality of inclined guide holes are formed in the rotating sleeve, a shaft pin is fixed to one end, close to the fixed shaft collar, of each matching plate, and the shaft pin is slidably arranged in the inclined guide holes.
Further preferably, the inclination angle of the powder feeding cavity relative to the axis of the metal guide head is 12 degrees, and the inclination angle of the annular powder cavity relative to the axis of the metal guide head is in the range of 10 degrees to 23 degrees under the adjustment of the adjusting nozzle.
Further, preferably, when the two laser cladding mechanisms in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction work in a crossing manner, a plurality of cladding intersection points are formed on the surface of the steel body, the laser cladding mechanism passing through the cladding intersection points for the first time can perform carbon powder diffusion spraying through an annular powder cavity in the two-channel nozzle, and the laser cladding mechanism passing through the laser cladding mechanism for the second time can perform metal powder jet spraying through a powder feeding cavity in the two-channel nozzle.
Further, as a preferred mode, a method for preparing a composite board of a heterostructure of a carbide ceramic steel plate comprises the following steps:
step 1, positioning and adjusting; placing the steel body on a processing station, adjusting the free angle of the steel body, and adjusting the laser on the laser cladding mechanism according to the thickness of the steel body and the processing technology;
step 2, first laser cladding; the laser cladding mechanisms in the transverse direction preferentially carry out laser cladding at a constant speed, at the moment, the laser adopts first laser rays, and simultaneously, the two-channel nozzle on the laser cladding device can carry out metal powder and carbon powder airflow conveying through the powder conveying cavity and the annular powder cavity;
step 3, first treatment of cladding intersection points; when each transverse laser cladding mechanism passes through the planned cladding intersection point, the powder feeding cavity in the two-channel nozzle on the laser cladding device stops working, and only the annular powder cavity is opened and forms a carbide thin layer on the steel body;
step 4, subsequent laser cladding; the longitudinal laser cladding mechanisms uniformly carry out laser cladding, the laser adopts first laser rays at the moment, and simultaneously, the two-channel nozzle on the laser cladding device can carry out metal powder and carbon powder airflow conveying through the powder conveying cavity and the annular powder cavity
Step 5, performing cladding intersection point follow-up treatment; when each longitudinal laser cladding mechanism passes through the planned cladding intersection point, the annular powder cavity in the two-channel nozzle on the laser cladding device stops working, and at the moment, only the powder feeding cavity is opened and fused with the carbide thin layer on the steel body to form a carbide coating.
And 6, repeating the steps 2-5 to realize repeated cross-melting of the carbide ceramic interlayer, and finally welding the outer steel body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a laser cladding method to prepare the carbide ceramic interlayer in situ under the action of laser cladding. The carbide ceramic interlayer has high shape, thickness and density controllability, and the interface between the steel body and the ceramic interlayer has good transition, so that the metallurgical bonding is fully achieved. The high-efficiency and sufficient heat source of the laser can make the metallurgical bonding between materials more sufficient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a steel heterostructure composite panel of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a laser cladding mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a laser cladding apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dual channel nozzle according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a regulating nozzle according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a carbide ceramic interlayer in a steel plate according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a steel body; 11. carbide ceramic interlayers; 2. a laser cladding mechanism; 21. positioning a sliding rail; 22. a main frame plate; 23. a dividing frame; 24. a lifting plate; 3. a laser cladding device; 31. a turning disc; 32. a driving section; 33. a housing; 34. a side dividing plate; 35. a laser; 36. a rotating electric machine; 37. a shaft end body; 38. a link rod; 4. a dual channel nozzle; 41. positioning an end sleeve; 42. a metal guide; 43. a laser channel; 44. a powder feeding cavity; 45. a first powder feeding pipe; 46. a powder passage; 47. a second powder feeding pipe; 5. adjusting the nozzle; 51. a stationary collar; 52. a rotating sleeve; 53. oblique guide holes; 54. matching plates; 55. a shaft pin.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for preparing a composite plate with a heterostructure of carbide ceramic steel plate includes: the processing station is used for placing a steel body 1 to be processed, two laser cladding mechanisms 2 are arranged right above the processing station, and carbide ceramic interlayers 11 are generated in situ on the steel body by the laser cladding mechanisms 2 in a self-propelled state;
the laser cladding mechanism 2 includes: the positioning slide rail 21, its top slip is provided with main frame board 22, the equidistance distributes on the main frame board 22 has a plurality of branch shelves 23, each divide the shelf 23 to all be vertical setting to can follow main frame board sliding adjustment, divide equal vertical slidable mounting on the shelf 23 to have lifter plate 24, laser cladding ware 3 is installed to the one end of lifter plate 24, adopts laser cladding method preparation promptly, carbide ceramic intermediate layer shape, thickness, compactness controllability height, thereby improves steel body performance.
In this embodiment, the two laser cladding mechanisms 2 are disposed at the transverse and longitudinal positions of the processing station, and the steel body 1 can be adjusted at a free angle on the processing station, so that a carbide ceramic interlayer 11 inclined or parallel to the side edge of the steel body 1 is formed on the steel body 1, and the two laser cladding mechanisms 2 in the transverse and longitudinal directions alternately work, so that the carbide ceramic interlayers in the steel body are distributed in a cross manner, and the hardness and wear resistance of the steel body can be remarkably improved.
As a preferred embodiment, the laser cladding device 3 comprises: the steering disc 31, its up end is fixed with the output of drive portion 32 mutually, the below of steering disc 31 is fixed with shell 33, the shell 33 rotation is provided with the shaft coupling, the one end rotation of shell 33 is provided with side branch dish 34, side branch dish 34 is fixed with the shaft coupling mutually, just rotating electrical machines 36 is installed to the other end of shell 33, rotating electrical machines 36's output is connected with the shaft coupling, be fixed with laser 35 on the side branch dish 34, be equipped with laser generating device in the laser 35, just the binary channels nozzle 4 is installed to the lower terminal surface of laser 35, and the binary channels nozzle can continuously carry metal powder and carbon dust.
In this embodiment, a shaft end body 37 is installed below the laser 35, a link rod 38 is symmetrically fixed on the shaft end body 37 in a left-right direction, one end of the link rod 38 is slidably connected to the laser 35, and a fine adjustment telescopic rod is connected between the shaft end body 37 and the laser 35; so as to adjust the laser focal point height of the powder spraying intersection point of the two-channel nozzle relative to the laser;
the laser 35 can provide a first laser beam and a second laser beam, wherein the first laser beam can provide a high-energy laser beam, so that the surface of the steel body reaches a melting point and forms a liquid pool, at this time, carbon powder and metal powder are fully melted into the liquid pool, and the second laser beam can guide and melt the carbon powder and the metal powder on the carbide layer in the following process, so that the performance of the carbide layer is further enhanced.
In this embodiment, the dual-channel nozzle 4 includes: the positioning end sleeve 41 is arranged below the shaft end body 37, a metal guide head 42 is fixed in the positioning end sleeve 41, and a laser channel 43 is arranged in the metal guide head 42;
an annular channel is further arranged in the metal guide head 42, a plurality of powder feeding cavities 44 are distributed below the annular channel, a first powder feeding pipe 45 is connected to the outside of the shaft end body 37, and one end of the first powder feeding pipe 45 is connected to the shaft end body 37 in a penetrating way and is communicated with the annular channel;
the positioning end sleeve 41 and the metal guide head 42 are matched to form a powder channel 46, a second powder feeding pipe 47 is connected to the powder channel 46, an adjusting nozzle 5 is arranged outside the metal guide head 42 below the positioning end sleeve 41, an annular powder cavity is formed by matching the adjusting nozzle 5 and the metal guide head 42, wherein the first powder feeding pipe mainly feeds metal powder, and the second powder feeding pipe mainly feeds carbon powder.
In this embodiment, the adjusting nozzle 5 includes: the fixed shaft collar 51 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of matching plates 54, one sides of the matching plates 54 are mutually stacked and abutted, the matching plates 54 are connected to the fixed shaft collar 51 through hinge shafts in a rotating mode, a rotating sleeve 52 is coaxially arranged outside the fixed shaft collar 51 in a relatively deflectable mode, a plurality of inclined guide holes 53 are formed in the rotating sleeve 52, one end, close to the fixed shaft collar 51, of each matching plate 54 is fixedly provided with a shaft pin 55, the shaft pins 55 are slidably arranged in the inclined guide holes 53, and when the rotating sleeve rotates in the forward and reverse directions, rotation adjustment of each matching plate can be achieved, so that an annular powder cavity is enlarged or reduced, and the powder supply range of carbon powder is adjusted.
As a preferred embodiment, the inclination angle of the powder feeding cavity 44 relative to the axis of the metal guide head 42 is 12 ° and the inclination angle of the annular powder cavity relative to the axis of the metal guide head 42 is in the range of 10 ° to 23 ° under the adjustment of the adjusting nozzle 5, wherein when the annular powder cavity is in the minimum state of 10 °, the powder spraying intersection point of the carbon powder of the annular powder cavity is higher than the powder spraying intersection point of the metal powder, and the carbon powder and the metal powder are completely mixed in an intersection manner, so that more uniform carbide distribution can be realized; when the annular powder cavity is in a maximum state of 23 degrees, the carbon powder spraying intersection point of the annular powder cavity is lower than the metal powder spraying intersection point, and the carbon powder and the metal powder only finish preliminary fusion on the surface of the steel body to form the relative distribution of the carbon layer and the metal layer.
In this embodiment, when the two horizontal and vertical laser cladding mechanisms 2 cross-work, a plurality of cladding intersection points are formed on the surface of the steel body, the laser cladding mechanism 2 passing through the cladding intersection points for the first time can perform carbon powder diffusion spraying through the annular powder cavity in the two-channel nozzle 4, the laser cladding mechanism 2 passing through the two-channel nozzle 4 for the second time can perform metal powder jet spraying through the powder feeding cavity 44 in the two-channel nozzle 4, and particularly for the cladding intersection points, the cladding intersection points generally generate thickness variation (gradually become thicker) along with the repeatability of the cladding process under the work, so that stress concentration is caused, thereby increasing the risk of cracks, and simultaneously reducing the strength and toughness of the material; in the invention, the annular powder cavity is adopted to carry out carbon powder diffusion type injection at the cladding intersection point, and the powder cavity is followed up, so that powder accumulation at the cladding intersection point is avoided, and the structural performance is improved.
In this embodiment, a method for preparing a composite board with a heterostructure of a carbide ceramic steel plate includes the following steps:
step 1, positioning and adjusting; placing the steel body 1 on a processing station, adjusting the free angle of the steel body, and simultaneously carrying out modulation on a laser 35 on the laser cladding mechanism 2 according to the thickness of the steel body 1 and the processing technology, wherein before starting, the surface of the steel body needs to be prepared, including cleaning and removing surface impurities, so as to ensure the quality of the laser cladding process;
step 2, first laser cladding; the laser cladding mechanism 2 in the transverse direction carries out laser cladding at a constant speed preferentially, a laser 35 adopts first laser rays at the moment, and simultaneously a double-channel nozzle 4 on the laser cladding device 3 can carry out metal powder and carbon powder airflow conveying through a powder conveying cavity 44 and an annular powder cavity;
step 3, first treatment of cladding intersection points; when each transverse laser cladding mechanism 2 passes through the planned cladding intersection point, the powder feeding cavity 44 in the two-channel nozzle 4 on the laser cladding device 3 stops working, and only the annular powder cavity is opened and forms a carbide thin layer on the steel body 1;
step 4, subsequent laser cladding; the laser cladding mechanism 2 in the longitudinal direction carries out laser cladding at a constant speed, the laser 35 adopts first laser rays at the moment, and simultaneously the two-channel nozzle 4 on the laser cladding device 3 can carry out metal powder and carbon powder airflow conveying through the powder feeding cavity 44 and the annular powder cavity;
step 5, performing cladding intersection point follow-up treatment; when each longitudinal laser cladding mechanism 2 passes through the planned cladding intersection point, the annular powder cavity in the two-channel nozzle 4 on the laser cladding device 3 stops working, and at the moment, only the powder feeding cavity 44 is opened and is fused with the carbide thin layer on the steel body 1 to form a carbide coating layer (wherein a small amount of carbon powder injection can be performed).
And 6, repeating the steps 2-5 to realize repeated cross-melting of the carbide ceramic interlayer, and finally welding the outer steel body.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a carbide ceramic steel sheet heterostructure composite sheet preparation equipment which characterized in that: it comprises the following steps: the machining station is used for placing a steel body (1) to be machined, two laser cladding mechanisms (2) are arranged right above the machining station, and carbide ceramic interlayers (11) are generated in situ on the steel body under the self-propelled state by the laser cladding mechanisms (2);
the laser cladding mechanism (2) comprises: location slide rail (21), its top slip is provided with main frame board (22), equidistance distributes on main frame board (22) has a plurality of branch position shelves (23), each divide position shelf (23) all to be vertical setting to can follow main frame board sliding adjustment, all vertical slidable mounting has lifter plate (24) on dividing position shelf (23), laser cladding ware (3) are installed to the one end of lifter plate (24).
2. The carbide ceramic steel plate heterostructure composite board manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the two laser cladding mechanisms (2) are distributed at the transverse and longitudinal positions of the processing station, and the steel body (1) can be subjected to free angle adjustment on the processing station, so that carbide ceramic interlayers (11) which are inclined or parallel to the side edges of the steel body (1) are formed on the steel body (1), and the two laser cladding mechanisms (2) which are positioned in the transverse and longitudinal directions alternately work.
3. The carbide ceramic steel plate heterostructure composite board manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the laser cladding device (3) comprises: the steering disc (31) is fixed with the output of drive portion (32) in its up end, the below of steering disc (31) is fixed with shell (33), the rotation of shell (33) is provided with the shaft coupling, the one end rotation of shell (33) is provided with side branch dish (34), side branch dish (34) are fixed with the shaft coupling mutually, just rotating electrical machines (36) are installed to the other end of shell (33), the output and the shaft coupling of rotating electrical machines (36) are connected, be fixed with laser instrument (35) on side branch dish (34), be equipped with laser generating device in laser instrument (35), just binary channels nozzle (4) are installed to the lower terminal surface of laser instrument (35).
4. A carbide ceramic steel plate heterostructure composite sheet preparation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: a shaft end body (37) is arranged below the laser (35), a connecting rod (38) is symmetrically fixed on the shaft end body (37) in a left-right mode, one end of the connecting rod (38) is connected to the laser (35) in a sliding mode, and a fine-tuning telescopic rod is connected between the shaft end body (37) and the laser (35);
the laser (35) is capable of providing a first laser beam and a second laser beam, respectively.
5. A carbide ceramic steel plate heterostructure composite sheet preparation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the dual channel nozzle (4) comprises: the positioning end sleeve (41) is arranged below the shaft end body (37), a metal guide head (42) is fixed in the positioning end sleeve (41), and a laser channel (43) is arranged in the metal guide head (42);
an annular channel is further arranged in the metal guide head (42), a plurality of powder feeding cavities (44) are distributed below the annular channel, a first powder feeding pipe (45) is connected to the outside of the shaft end body (37), and one end of the first powder feeding pipe (45) is connected to the shaft end body (37) in a penetrating way and is communicated with the annular channel;
the powder feeding device is characterized in that a powder channel (46) is formed between the positioning end sleeve (41) and the metal guide head (42) in a matched mode, a second powder feeding pipe (47) is connected to the powder channel (46), an adjusting nozzle (5) is arranged outside the metal guide head (42) below the positioning end sleeve (41), and an annular powder cavity is formed between the adjusting nozzle (5) and the metal guide head (42) in a matched mode.
6. The carbide ceramic steel plate heterostructure composite board manufacturing apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the regulating nozzle (5) comprises: the fixed shaft collar (51) is circumferentially provided with a plurality of matching plates (54) on the side wall, one sides of the matching plates (54) are mutually stacked and abutted, the matching plates (54) are connected to the fixed shaft collar (51) through hinge shafts in a rotating mode, a rotating sleeve (52) is coaxially arranged outside the fixed shaft collar (51) in a relatively deflectable mode, a plurality of inclined guide holes (53) are formed in the rotating sleeve (52), a shaft pin (55) is fixed to one end, close to the fixed shaft collar (51), of each matching plate (54), and the shaft pin (55) is arranged in the inclined guide holes (53) in a sliding mode.
7. The carbide ceramic steel plate heterostructure composite board manufacturing apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the inclination angle of the powder feeding cavity (44) relative to the axis of the metal guide head (42) is 12 degrees, and the inclination angle of the annular powder cavity relative to the axis of the metal guide head (42) is in the range of 10-23 degrees under the adjustment of the adjusting nozzle (5).
8. The carbide ceramic steel plate heterostructure composite board manufacturing apparatus of claim 6, wherein: when the two transverse and longitudinal laser cladding mechanisms (2) are in cross operation, a plurality of cladding intersection points are formed on the surface of the steel body, the laser cladding mechanism (2) passing through at the cladding intersection points for the first time can perform carbon powder diffusion type spraying through an annular powder cavity in the two-channel nozzle (4), and the laser cladding mechanism (2) passing through for the second time can perform metal powder jet spraying through a powder feeding cavity (44) in the two-channel nozzle (4).
9. The process for preparing the composite plate with the heterostructure of the carbide ceramic steel plate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: which comprises the following steps:
step 1, positioning and adjusting; placing the steel body (1) on a processing station, adjusting the free angle of the steel body, and simultaneously, adjusting a laser (35) on the laser cladding mechanism (2) according to the thickness of the steel body (1) and the processing technology;
step 2, first laser cladding; the laser cladding mechanisms (2) in the transverse direction preferentially carry out laser cladding at a constant speed, at the moment, a laser (35) adopts a first laser ray, and simultaneously, a double-channel nozzle (4) on the laser cladding device (3) can carry out metal powder and carbon powder airflow conveying through a powder conveying cavity (44) and an annular powder cavity;
step 3, first treatment of cladding intersection points; when each transverse laser cladding mechanism (2) passes through the planned cladding intersection point, the powder feeding cavity (44) in the two-channel nozzle (4) on the laser cladding device (3) stops working, and only the annular powder cavity is opened and forms a carbide thin layer on the steel body (1);
step 4, subsequent laser cladding; the laser cladding mechanism (2) in the longitudinal direction carries out laser cladding at a constant speed, at the moment, a laser (35) adopts a first laser ray, and simultaneously, a double-channel nozzle (4) on the laser cladding device (3) can carry out metal powder and carbon powder airflow conveying through a powder conveying cavity (44) and an annular powder cavity;
step 5, performing cladding intersection point follow-up treatment; when each longitudinal laser cladding mechanism (2) passes through the planned cladding intersection point, the annular powder cavity in the two-channel nozzle (4) on the laser cladding device (3) stops working, and at the moment, only the powder feeding cavity (44) is opened and fused with the carbide thin layer on the steel body (1) to form a carbide coating.
And 6, repeating the steps 2-5 to realize repeated cross-melting of the carbide ceramic interlayer, and finally welding the outer steel body.
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| CN117464027B (en) | 2024-04-09 |
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