CN117461720A - Complete feed for improving performance of Rong Chang and about gram summer hybrid pigs and application - Google Patents
Complete feed for improving performance of Rong Chang and about gram summer hybrid pigs and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN117461720A CN117461720A CN202311663298.XA CN202311663298A CN117461720A CN 117461720 A CN117461720 A CN 117461720A CN 202311663298 A CN202311663298 A CN 202311663298A CN 117461720 A CN117461720 A CN 117461720A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock feed, and particularly relates to a complete feed for improving the performance of Rong Chang and about gram of summer hybrid pigs and application thereof. The complete feed provided by the invention is aimed at Rong Chang and about gram-summer hybrid pigs in a growing and fattening stage with a weight of more than 45 kg. The complete feed consists of an enzyme preparation, composite probiotics and basic feed, and specifically comprises the enzyme preparation, the composite probiotics, corn, bean pulp, wheat bran, stone powder, calcium hydrophosphate, salt, choline chloride, vitamin premix, mineral premix, phytase, mildew preventive, antioxidant and L-lysine sulfate. The complete feed can further improve the growth performance and meat quality of Rong Chang Xabout Xia Shengchang fattening pigs, enhance the disease resistance of the pigs and maintain the intestinal health of the pigs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock feed, and particularly relates to a complete feed for improving the performance of Rong Chang and about gram of summer hybrid pigs and application thereof.
Background
The Rong Chang pigs are one of local pigs with the largest popularization area and the most influence in pig industry in China, are mainly distributed in Rong Chang county of Chongqing city and eastern part of Changlong county of Sichuan province in China, and have the advantages of strong adaptability, good hybrid force, stable genetic performance, excellent meat quality and the like. In recent years, due to the influence of African swine fever, the number of Chongchang pigs is rapidly reduced, and the situation of hybridization between Rong Chang pigs and yokexia pigs (Rong Chang Xyokexia for short) can be relieved, meanwhile, the pig feed has various advantages of Rong Chang pigs, has carcass characters superior to Rong Chang pigs, and simultaneously reduces the feeding cost. With the rapid development of intensive and large-scale cultivation, the problems of animal immunity decline, frequent diseases, frequent medication, quality reduction of animal products and the like are increasingly highlighted, so that the problems of improving animal growth performance, enhancing immune function, regulating intestinal health, improving meat quality and the like become current research hot spots gradually by adding green additives into animal feeds.
The enzyme preparation and the probiotics are feed additives which are widely researched in animal production, and have the functions of improving animal growth performance, enhancing immunity, improving intestinal health, improving meat quality and the like. In particular, the enzyme preparation has at least the following advantages: 1) The anti-nutritional factors in the feed are effectively overcome, and the potential nutritional value of the feed raw materials is fully exerted; 2) The utilization rate of nutrients such as protein, starch and the like is improved, the selectivity of feed raw materials is greatly improved, the cost of the feed is reduced, and meanwhile, the application range of the raw materials can be effectively expanded; 3) The method is beneficial to reducing the difference of the nutritional values in the raw materials, so as to reduce the influence of the quality difference of the raw materials on the quality of the feed; 4) The water content in animal manure is reduced, and the diarrhea can be effectively inhibited; 5) The feed additive is beneficial to promoting the health of animal intestinal tracts, improving the absorption rate of animals to feed nutrient substances, further reducing the excretion of nutrient substances in animal feces, not only helping to ensure animal nutrition, but also reducing environmental pollution. The effects and actions of the compound probiotics comprise the functions of regulating the balance of intestinal flora, improving digestion function, improving immunity and the like, and specifically comprise the following steps: 1) Different strains in the composite probiotics can form a balance in the intestinal tract, which is helpful for inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and promoting the propagation of the probiotics, thereby maintaining the balance of intestinal flora; 2) The compound probiotics can promote intestinal peristalsis, increase the residence time of food in intestinal tracts, improve the digestion and absorption rate of the food, and relieve the digestion problems such as constipation, diarrhea and the like; 3) The compound probiotics can strengthen the function of intestinal mucosa barrier, prevent invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, stimulate the activity of intestinal immune cells and improve the immunity of organisms.
At present, single substances such as enzyme preparations, probiotics and the like are more applied to animal production, and the research on the combined application of the enzyme preparations and the probiotics is less. A small part of the prior art discloses the combined application of enzyme preparation and probiotics to prepare animal feed, for example, CN103039733B patent discloses a piglet ration formula, active yeast and a probiotic enzyme preparation mainly comprising bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium, streptococcus faecalis and xylanase are added by adjusting the components and the content of each component of the ration and reasonably mixing with the probiotic enzyme preparation, but the feed is not suitable for Rong Chang Xabout g of summer hybrid pigs. The specific effects of the enzyme preparation and single probiotics or compound probiotics on the production performance of Rong Chang Xabout summer, meat quality, serum biochemical indexes and intestinal health are to be researched and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention researches an enzyme preparation which is most suitable for Rong Chang XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX and a complex probiotics collocation based on feeding preference of more than 45kg growing-finishing pigs (Rong Chang XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX) so as to meet the growing requirement of more than 45kg growing-finishing pigs (Rong Chang XXXXXXXXXXXX), improve meat quality, enhance disease resistance of pigs and maintain intestinal health of pigs.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a feed additive for enhancing the performance of Rong Chang and about gram summer hybrid pigs.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
feed additive for improving the performance of Rong Chang and about g summer hybrid pigs, said feed additive comprising 0.1g/kg enzyme preparation and 1.5X10 9 CFU/kg composite probiotics; the compound probiotics comprise lactobacillus plantarum, ginkgo lactobacillus and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the enzyme preparation comprises protease and amylase.
Further, the amylase consists of medium-temperature alpha amylase, pullulanase and saccharifying enzyme, wherein the activity of the medium-temperature alpha amylase is 1 000U/g, the activity of the pullulanase is 100U/g, and the activity of the saccharifying enzyme is 8 000U/g; the protease activity was 36,000U/g.
Further, the plantThe addition amount of lactobacillus, ginkgo lactobacillus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 0.5X10 9 CFU/kg。
It is a second object of the present invention to provide a complete feed for enhancing the performance of Rong Chang and about gram summer hybrid pigs.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a complete feed for enhancing performance of Rong Chang and about g of a summer hybrid pig, the complete feed comprising the foregoing feed additive.
Further, the complete feed is fed to Rong Chang in a growing and fattening stage with a weight of more than 45kg and about gram of summer hybrid pigs.
Further, the complete feed comprises basic diet, 0.1g/kg enzyme preparation and 1.5X10 9 CFU/kg composite probiotics; the basic diet comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-75 parts of corn, 15-20 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1 part of stone powder, 0.5-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.5 part of salt, 0.01-0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1-1 part of vitamin premix, 0.01-1 part of mineral premix, 0.01-0.1 part of phytase, 0.01-0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.01-0.1 part of antioxidant and 0.01-0.1 part of L-lysine sulfate.
Further, the vitamin premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: vitamin A32 500IU and vitamin D 3 8500IU, 80IU of vitamin E and vitamin K 3 10000mg, vitamin B 1 10000mg, vitamin B 2 25000mg, vitamin B 6 10000mg, vitamin B 12 100mg, 500mg of biotin, 50,000 mg of pantothenic acid, 100,000 mg of nicotinamide and 4,000 mg of folic acid; the mineral premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 72000-108000 mg of magnesium, 16000-24000 mg of copper, 41-61000 mg of zinc, 330-500 mg of selenium, 24000-36000 mg of manganese and 390-590 mg of iodine; the mildew preventive consists of propionic acid, sodium propionate and silicon dioxide, wherein the content of the propionic acid is more than or equal to 50%, and the content of the sodium propionate is more than or equal to 2%; the antioxidant consists of ethoxyquinoline, silicon dioxide and stone powder, wherein the content of the ethoxyquinoline is more than or equal to 30 percent.
Further, the complete feed comprises the following components in parts by weight,comprising the following steps: 0.1g/kg enzyme preparation, 1.5X10 g/kg enzyme preparation 9 CFU/kg composite probiotics, 72.1 parts of corn, 15.5 parts of bean pulp, 9.51 parts of wheat bran, 0.87 part of stone powder, 0.51 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 0.08 part of choline chloride, 0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.5 part of mineral premix, 0.02 part of phytase, 0.04 part of mildew preventive, 0.02 part of antioxidant and 0.05 part of L-lysine sulfate (78%).
The pig feed has the advantages that the pig feed has different feed intake capacity, nutrient absorption capacity and the like, the purpose of the complete feed provides comprehensive nutrient factors which are suitable for growth and propagation of different pigs, the utilization rate of the pig feed is improved, the highest meat growth is realized by the minimum feed, the cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved. (Rong Chang Xabout summer) 45kg or more, which is the period of the fastest growing period of pigs and is also an important period for pig operators to obtain economic benefits. According to the existing feed, the (Rong Chang Xabout summer) pigs are fed, the feed-meat ratio of the growing pigs is high, the conversion rate of the feed is low, daily gain is small, the growth is slow, and the later fattening of the pigs is affected. Therefore, the development of the complete feed suitable for (Rong Chang X Xabout summer) ensures the smooth slaughtering of fattening pigs, enhances the utilization rate of feed nutrition, reduces the raising cost, enhances the disease resistance, meat quality, maintains the intestinal health of pigs and has important significance for improving the economic benefit of farmers.
The invention aims at the growth requirement of Rong Chang XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXU fattening stage, and adds the compound probiotics and the enzyme preparation, which fully considers the requirements of Rong Chang XXXXXXXXXXXU on meat quality and Rong Chang XXXXXXXXU Xia Kangbing capability in this stage. The complete feed provided by the invention has the following advantages: (1) The digestibility of the feed is greatly improved, so that the development of intestinal tissues of fattening pigs with the weight of Rong Chang multiplied by about Xia Shengchang above 45kg is promoted, the utilization rate of the feed is improved, and the feed reaches 900g in Rong Chang multiplied by about summer in the fattening stage, which is superior to 850g fed with basic ration only; (2) The concentration of immunoglobulin A (IgA), igG and cytokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 in serum is obviously improved, and the disease resistance of Rong Chang Xabout Xia Shengchang fattening pigs is enhanced; (3) Raise the PH in pork 1 PH value is an important factor affecting meat color stability, and oxidized myoglobinReduction of protein is critical for the color maintenance of fresh meat, firstly, prevention of the accumulation of myoglobin on the surface of meat, and secondly, reversible binding of oxygen to the reduced state Mb thereof, which is the only form for producing fresh meat red color; (4) The concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of the pig is improved; ensures the antioxidation capability of muscle tissues, reduces the generation of peroxide, improves the delicate flavor of pork, ensures that the nutrient components in the pork are not easy to lose, is beneficial to the storage of the pork and has longer storage time. The complete feed has the characteristics of being easy to digest and good in taste, and has positive effects of improving the production performance (Rong Chang x about gram summer), improving the conversion rate of the feed, improving the meat quality and enhancing the disease resistance.
The invention also aims to provide an application of the feed additive and/or the complete feed in improving animal growth performance and immunity level, improving meat quality and oxidation resistance and/or regulating intestinal SCFAs level.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
use of the feed additive and/or the complete feed as described above for improving growth performance and immune level, improving meat quality and antioxidant capacity and/or modulating intestinal SCFAs levels in animals, said animals being a hybrid pig of Rong Chang and about gram in the growing and fattening stage with a weight of more than 45 kg.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide an application of the feed additive and/or the complete feed in reducing ADFI and F/G of animals, improving water holding capacity of pork, improving concentration of immunoglobulin and interleukin in serum of animals, reducing MDA content of muscles, improving concentration of GSH-Px and/or increasing content of cecum butyric acid.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
use of the foregoing feed additive and/or the foregoing complete feed for reducing ADFI and F/G in an animal, wherein the animal is a hybrid pig of Rong Chang and about gram in a growing and fattening stage having a weight of 45kg or more, for increasing pork water holding capacity, for increasing immunoglobulin and interleukin concentration in serum of the animal, for reducing muscle MDA content, for increasing GSH-Px concentration and/or for increasing cecal butyrate content; the immunoglobulins comprise IgA and/or IgG and the interleukins comprise IL-2 and/or IL-10.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the complete diet containing the composite probiotics and the enzyme preparation provided by the invention effectively improves the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs, reduces the feeding cost of Rong Chang Xabout g of growing-finishing pigs, and has important economic value.
2. The complete diet containing the composite probiotics and the enzyme preparation provided by the invention effectively improves the water holding capacity of pork, thereby improving the quality of pork.
3. The complete diet containing the composite probiotics and the enzyme preparation provided by the invention effectively improves the concentration of the serum immunoglobulin and the interleukin of the growing and fattening pigs and enhances the blood immune function of animals, thereby ensuring the health of organisms.
4. The complete diet containing the composite probiotics and the enzyme preparation provided by the invention further reduces the MDA content of the muscle of the growing-finishing pigs and improves the GSH-Px concentration, thereby improving the oxidation resistance of the growing-finishing pigs.
5. The complete diet containing the composite probiotics and the enzyme preparation provided by the invention further increases the content of cecum butyric acid and promotes the balance effect of intestinal flora.
Drawings
Without any means for
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be further clearly and completely described in connection with specific embodiments. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without undue burden are within the scope of the invention based on the embodiments of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the basic diet is corn-soybean meal type non-antibiotic basic diet, and is prepared according to the nutritional requirements (2020) of Chinese pigs.
In the embodiment of the invention, the vitamin premix is per thousandG diet provided: vitamin A32500 IU and vitamin D 3 8500IU, vitamin E80 IU, and vitamin K 3 10000mg of vitamin B 1 10000mg of vitamin B 2 25000mg, vitamin B 6 10000mg of vitamin B 12 100mg, 500mg of biotin, 50000mg of pantothenic acid, 100000mg of nicotinamide and 4000mg of folic acid. The premix can be prepared by oneself or can be purchased directly, and the premix used in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from Dissman company.
In the embodiment of the invention, the mineral premix provides for each kilogram of diet: 72000-108000 mg of magnesium, 16000-24000 mg of copper, 41000-61000 mg of zinc, 330-500 mg of selenium, 24000-36000 mg of manganese and 390-590 mg of iodine; the premix is prepared by the national academy of livestock and poultry in Chongqing.
In the embodiment of the invention, the mildew preventive consists of propionic acid, sodium propionate and silicon dioxide (carrier).
In the embodiment of the invention, the antioxidant consists of ethoxyquinoline, silicon dioxide (carrier) and stone powder (carrier).
In the embodiment of the invention, the concentration of choline chloride is 60%; the concentration of L-lysine sulfate was 78%.
In the embodiment of the invention, all table data: the same row of data shoulder marks have no letters or the same letters indicate that the difference is not significant (P > 0.05), and different lower case letters indicate that the difference is significant (P < 0.05).
In the embodiment of the invention, the corn, the bean pulp and the wheat bran are crushed before being mixed, and the crushing sieve sheet is 1.0 multiplied by 1.0mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, all test animals are raised in a test base of a domestic research base of Jiufeng mountain in Chongqing city Rong Changou, the test time is 2022.10.20-2022.12.21, and the (Rong Chang Xabout Ks) house and the matched equipment are strictly disinfected before the test. During the test, the test period is free to eat and drink water, and the immunization and the feeding management are carried out according to the conventional method. The health status of the herd was monitored daily and the death and panning of pigs was recorded.
EXAMPLE 1 complete feed
Diet composition: 0.1g/kg enzyme preparation, 1.5X10 9 CFU/kg composite probiotics, corn 721 part, 15.5 parts of soybean meal, 9.51 parts of wheat bran, 0.87 part of stone powder, 0.51 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 0.08 part of choline chloride, 0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.5 part of mineral premix, 0.02 part of phytase, 0.04 part of mildew preventive, 0.02 part of antioxidant and 0.05 part of L-lysine sulfate.
Wherein the compound probiotics are prepared by independent culture in the laboratory, and contain lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus ginkgo and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the addition amount of each bacterium is 0.5x10 9 CFU/kg. The enzyme preparation is provided by Guangdong Yiduoli Biotechnology Co., ltd, and contains protease and amylase, wherein the protease activity is as follows: 36 000U/g; the amylase is a combined enzyme and consists of medium-temperature alpha amylase, pullulanase and saccharifying enzyme, wherein the activity of the medium-temperature alpha amylase is 1 000U/g, the activity of the pullulanase is 100U/g, and the activity of the saccharifying enzyme is 8 000U/g.
Example 2 basal diet
Diet composition: 72.1 parts of corn, 15.5 parts of bean pulp, 9.51 parts of wheat bran, 0.87 part of stone powder, 0.51 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 0.08 part of choline chloride, 0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.5 part of mineral premix, 0.02 part of phytase, 0.04 part of mildew preventive, 0.02 part of antioxidant and 0.05 part of L-lysine sulfate.
Example 3 influence of the addition of Complex probiotics and enzyme preparation to the diet on the growth Property of growing-fattening pigs
A large number of researches show that the addition of enzyme preparation and probiotics in animal diet can improve ADG and ADFI, reduce F/G and improve growth performance. Min et al found that the addition of 0.01% protease to growing-finishing pig diets significantly increased ADG and significantly decreased F/G, as detailed in Effects of protease supplementation on growth performance, blood constituents, and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Zhang et al show that the addition of compound probiotics (bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecalis) to weaned piglet feeds can significantly improve ADG and ADFI and significantly reduce F/G, and see Effects of dietary probiotic, liquid feed and nutritional concentration on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility and fecal score of weaning piglets in detail. Research by Yang et al shows that the addition of complex enzymes (xylanase, beta-glucanase, alpha-arabinofuranosidase and phytase) to the growing pig diet can significantly improve the apparent ileal digestibility of calcium and phosphorus and the apparent total digestibility of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, thereby improving the growth performance of the pig diet, and the details are shown in Effect of a Multi-Carbohydrase and Phytase Complex on the Ileal and Total Tract Digestibility of Nutrients in Cannulated Growing Pigs. Therefore, the invention further researches the influence of the addition of the composite probiotics and the enzyme preparation in the diet on the growth performance of the growing-fattening pigs.
Test protocol: healthy growing pigs 40 (Rong Chang ×about g in summer) with similar ages and weights (about 45 kg) are selected and randomly divided into a control group and a test group, wherein each group is divided into 4 repeats, each repeat comprises 5 pigs, each half of male and female, and the male pigs are castrated boars. The control group was fed the basal diet of example 2; the test group was fed the complete feed of example 1 (basal diet +0.1g/kg enzyme preparation + 1.5X10) 9 CFU/kg complex probiotics). The pre-feeding period was tested for 3 days and the formal period was tested for 63 days. And the test period is free to eat and drink water.
Results: as shown in table 1, the addition of the complex probiotics and enzyme formulation to the diet had a tendency to increase the pig end weight (p=0.09), decrease ADFI (p=0.09) and F/G (p=0.08) compared to the control group, but had no significant effect on ADG (P > 0.05). The result shows that the composite probiotics and the enzyme preparation are added into the diet, so that the growth performance of the growing-finishing pigs can be improved, the feeding cost of Rong Chang Xabout g of the growing-finishing pigs in the growing-finishing stage can be effectively reduced, and the feed has important economic value.
TABLE 1 Table 1 results of test of growth performance of growing-finishing pigs
| Project | Control group | Complex probiotics and enzyme preparation group |
| Initial weight, kg | 44.47±0.03 | 45.17±1.62 |
| Last weight, kg | 98.17±1.42 | 101.53±0.47 |
| ADG，kg | 0.85±0.02 | 0.90±0.02 |
| ADFI，kg | 2.90±0.02 | 2.82±0.03 |
| F/G | 3.40±0.08 | 3.16±0.07 |
Example 4 effects of the addition of Complex probiotics and enzyme preparation to the diet on the quality of growing-fattening pork
Meat quality is an important factor in determining the value of pork. The pH can influence the color and water holding capacity of meat by regulating the activity of protein. Suo and other researches show that the addition of lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 into weaned piglet diet can improve the pH of muscles 1 Hardness, tackiness, chewiness and resilience are described in Effects of lactobacillus plantarumZJ316 on pig growth and pork quality. Kim et al show that adding compound probiotics into fattening pig feed can improve meat color and reduce water drop loss, see Effect of Dietary Combined Probiotics (Any-Lac,)Supplementation Contained with Phaffia rhodozyma on the Growth Performances and Meat Quality of Pigs Phaffia rhodozyma. Research by Yang et al shows that feeding fattening pigs with the composite probiotics (bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus reuteri) solid fermentation feed can remarkably reduce the shearing force and the drip loss of pork, and the details are shown in Effects of probiotic solid-state fermented complete feed on growth performance and pork quality of finishing pigs. Therefore, the invention further researches the influence of the addition of the compound probiotics and the enzyme preparation in the diet on the quality of the growing-fattening pork.
Test protocol: on day 63 of the test, each of the pigs with a weight close to average weight was repeatedly selected, slaughtered after 8 hours or more on an empty stomach, the longissimus dorsi of the left carcass was taken, and the pH of the two groups of pork was measured 1 、pH 24 The meat color, marbling, and colorimetric cards were scored to investigate the effect of feed on meat quality.
Results: as shown in Table 2, the addition of the compound probiotics and the enzyme preparation to the diet can significantly improve the pH of the muscle of the growing-finishing pig after slaughter 1 (P<0.05 Has no significant effect on other meat quality indexes (P)>0.05 But the addition of the compound probiotics and the enzyme preparation in the diet reduces the drip loss of the muscle by 30.95 percent (P)>0.05). The result shows that the addition of the compound probiotics and the enzyme preparation in the diet can improve the water holding capacity of pork, thereby improving the quality of pork.
TABLE 2 Table of results of quality detection of growing-fattening pork
| Project | Control group | Complex probiotics and enzyme preparation group |
| pH 1 | 6.30±0.05 b | 6.52±0.06 a |
| pH 24 | 5.40±0.04 | 5.37±0.02 |
| Marbleized scoring | 2.75±0.14 | 2.75±0.32 |
| Color chart scoring | 4.00±0.00 | 4.13±0.13 |
| Flesh color L * | 41.81±0.51 | 41.02±1.20 |
| Flesh color a * | 7.01±0.54 | 6.78±0.88 |
| Flesh color b * | 2.21±0.28 | 2.11±0.30 |
| Loss of dripping water% | 4.33±1.09 | 2.99±0.11 |
Example 5 influence of the addition of Complex probiotics and enzyme preparation to the feed on the blood-fluid Immunity index of growing-fattening pigs
The serum immune index can reflect the immune level, metabolic condition and health condition of animal organism. It is found that the addition of complex enzymes (amylase, protease, xylanase, beta-glucanase) to weaned piglet diet can significantly increase serum IgA, igG and IgM concentrations. Taranu et al show that feeding weaned pigs with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented rapeseed meal can significantly reduce the concentration of serum IL-1 beta and IL-6, and significantly increase the concentration of IFN-gamma, and the details are shown in Dietary Inclusion of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermented Rapeseed Meal Modulated Immune, oxidant and Antioxidant Indices in Piglets After Weaning. Cao et al show that the addition of complex probiotics (clostridium butyricum, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis) to weaned piglet feeds can significantly reduce serum TNF-alpha and IL-1β concentrations, as detailed in Positive effects of a Clostridium butyricum-based compound probiotic on growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology, hypothalamic neurotransmitters, and colonic microbiota in weaned piglets. Therefore, the invention further researches the influence of the addition of the compound probiotics and the enzyme preparation in the diet on the blood immune index of the growing-fattening pigs.
Test protocol: on day 63 of the test, each repeat selects one pig with a head approaching the average body weight, 10mL of jugular blood is collected, the contents of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) in the pig serum are measured, and the optimization condition of the feed on biochemical indexes of the pig serum and the influence on the disease resistance of the pig are analyzed.
Results: as shown in Table 3, the addition of the complex probiotics and enzyme preparation to the diet significantly increased IgA, igG and cytokine IL-2, IL-10 levels in the serum of growing-finishing pigs (P < 0.05) compared to the control group, and the addition of the complex probiotics and enzyme preparation had no significant effect on IgM, IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels in the serum (P > 0.05). The result shows that the compound probiotics and the enzyme preparation are added into the diet to enhance the blood immune function of animals by increasing the concentration of blood immunoglobulin and interleukin, thereby ensuring the health of organisms.
TABLE 3 detection results of blood immune index of growing-finishing pigs
| Project | Control group | Complex probiotics and enzyme preparation group |
| IgA，mg/mL | 0.78±0.05 b | 1.38±0.13 a |
| IgG，mg/mL | 7.27±0.81 b | 11.20±0.84 a |
| IgM，mg/mL | 4.47±0.62 | 4.87±0.48 |
| IL-1β，ng/L | 25.83±2.08 | 27.29±4.54 |
| IL-2，ng/L | 413.71±7.90 b | 604.20±50.13 a |
| IL-6，ng/L | 247.67±16.18 | 256.60±24.73 |
| IL-10，ng/L | 146.00±10.49 b | 358.39±47.71 a |
Example 6 influence of the addition of Complex probiotics and enzyme preparation to the diet on the antioxidant Properties of the muscle of growing-finishing pigs
T-AOC, SOD, GSH and MDA are important indicators of the antioxidant system of the organism. T-AOC reflects the overall levels of various antioxidant molecules in the body and the health of the body. SOD is an important antioxidant enzyme with superoxide radical as a substrate. GSH is an important indicator reflecting the redox state of the body. MDA is the end product of lipid oxidation and reflects the degree of lipid peroxidation and cell damage in the body. Research shows that adding complex enzymes (fungal alpha-amylase, acid protease, xylanase, beta-mannase, glucose oxidase, acid cellulase and galactosidase) into diet can remarkably improve the concentration of GSH-Px in the liver and serum of piglets and remarkably reduce the concentration of MDA. Wang et al show that the addition of probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum B90, saccharomyces cerevisiae) and prebiotics (xylose, xylotriose and xylotetraose) to diet can increase the levels of colon and plasma Catalase (CAT), GSH-Px and SOD of weaned pigs, and reduce the levels of colon and plasma MDA and hydrogen peroxide (H) 2 O 2 ) See, for details, dietary Probiotics or Synbiotics Supplementation During Gestation, visualization, and Nursery Periods Modifies Colonic Microbiota, antioxidant Capacity, and Immune Function in Weaned Piglets. Studies by Cheng et al show that the addition of probiotics (clostridium butyricum, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis) and prebiotics (yeast cell wall, xylo-oligosaccharides) to the diet can significantly improve the SOD activity of the pig latissimus dorsi muscle and significantly reduce the MDA activity of the hip muscle, and see in detail Evaluation of Dietary Synbiotic Supplementation on Growth Performance, muscle Antioxidant Ability and Mineral Accumulations and and Meat Quality in Late-finishing pins. Li and the like research the influence of probiotics on the oxidation resistance of weaned pigs, and the result shows that the addition of probiotics in the diet can obviously reduce the MDA content of spleen, liver and jejunum mucous membranes and obviously improve the T-AOC of the liver and ileum mucous membranes. The antioxidant performance of the organism is regulated by a non-enzyme antioxidant system composed of antioxidant molecules such as T-AOC, MDA, GSH and an enzyme antioxidant system composed of oxidoreductase such as GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, and the details are shown in Effects of Multi-Strain Probiotics and Perilla frutescens Seed Extract Supplementation Alone or Combined on Growth Performance, antioxidant Indices, and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets. Therefore, the invention further researches the influence of the addition of the compound probiotics and the enzyme preparation in the diet on the oxidation resistance of the muscle of the growing-finishing pig.
Test protocol: after slaughtering, taking the longest muscle of the back of the left carcass, and detecting indexes such as muscle MDA, content of reduced Glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the like. And analyzing the influence of the feed on the oxidation resistance of the organism and other enzyme activity regulating organisms.
Results: as shown in Table 4, the addition of the composite probiotics and the enzyme preparation in the diet has no obvious effect on the oxidation resistance of the muscle of the growing-finishing pig (P > 0.05), but the addition of the composite probiotics and the enzyme preparation reduces the MDA content of the muscle of the growing-finishing pig by 19.06%, and increases the GSH-Px concentration by 31.89% (P > 0.05). The result shows that the complete feed of the invention can reduce MDA content of the muscle of the growing-finishing pig and increase GSH-Px concentration, thereby improving the oxidation resistance of the growing-finishing pig.
TABLE 4 Table of test results of the antioxidant properties of the muscles of growing-finishing pigs
| Project | Control group | Complex probiotics and enzyme preparation group |
| SOD，U/g | 68.29±4.25 | 76.65±1.99 |
| T-AOC，μmol/g | 2.32±0.09 | 2.24±0.07 |
| GSH，μg/g | 319.67±20.49 | 298.31±21.42 |
| MDA，nmol/g | 4.04±0.62 | 3.27±0.60 |
| GSH-Px，μmol/mL | 88.81±23.10 | 117.13±465.37 |
Example 7 influence of the addition of Complex probiotics and enzyme preparation to the diet on the SCFAs of cecum of growing-fattening pigs
SCFAs are important products of intestinal microorganism fermentation utilizing indigestible carbohydrate in food, mainly comprise organic fatty acids composed of 1-6 carbon atoms such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and the like, and have biological functions of regulating intestinal flora balance, enhancing intestinal barrier function, participating in lipid metabolism, improving immunity and the like. The research shows that the composition of pig intestinal SCFAs can be changed by adding inulin and probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus). Li and other researches show that the addition of complex enzymes (amylase, protease and xylanase) in the diet can obviously improve the content of cecum and colon acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFAs of piglets, and the contents are shown in Comparative Effects of Compound Enzyme and Antibiotics on Growth Performance, nutrient Digestibility, blood Biochemical Index and and Intestinal Health in Weaned Pigs. The Mair et al study also showed that the addition of probiotics (enterococci, lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria) to the diet significantly increased colonic acetic acid content, as detailed in Impact of inulin and a multispecies probiotic formulation on performance, microbial ecology and concomitant fermentation patterns in newly weaned piglets. The research results of Wang and the like are consistent, the influence of different contents of composite probiotics (bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus and saccharomyces cerevisiae) on intestinal SCFAs of the feed of growing pigs is different, and the concentration of acetate, butyrate and total SCFAs linearly increases along with the increase of the content of the composite probiotics in the feed, so that the influence of the composite probiotics on the intestinal SCFAs is related to the addition amount of the probiotics, and the detailed description is in Dietary Complex Probiotic Supplementation Changed the Composition of Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Improved the Average Daily Gain of Growing Pigs. Therefore, the invention further researches the influence of the composite probiotics and the enzyme preparation added in the diet on the SCFAs of the cecum of the growing-fattening pigs.
Test protocol: and after the pig is slaughtered, the two ends of the cecum are quickly ligated, the content of the middle section of the cecum is taken and packaged in a plurality of sterile EP pipes, and the content of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) in the content of the cecum is measured so as to analyze the influence of feed ingredients on the intestinal health of the pig.
Results: as shown in Table 5, the addition of the complex probiotics and the enzyme preparation to the diet did not have a significant effect on the content of SCFAs in the cecum of the growing-finishing pigs (P > 0.05), but the addition of the complex probiotics and the enzyme preparation to the diet increased the content of cecum butyric acid by 12.75% (P > 0.05). The result shows that the addition of the compound probiotics and the enzyme preparation in the diet can increase the content of cecum butyric acid and promote the balance effect of intestinal flora.
TABLE 5 detection results of SCFAs of cecum of growing-finishing pigs
| Project | Control group | Complex probiotics and enzyme preparation group |
| Acetic acid, μg/mL | 2852.22±355.40 | 3049.54±158.07 |
| Propionic acid, μg/mL | 1292.84±117.86 | 1281.65±81.01 |
| Butyric acid, μg/mL | 393.89±21.49 | 444.11±16.70 |
The results show that the composite probiotics and the enzyme preparation are added into the growing-finishing pig diet to improve the growth performance and the immunity level, improve the meat quality and the oxidation resistance, and regulate the intestinal SCFAs level.
Claims (10)
1. Feed additive for improving the performance of Rong Chang and about g summer hybrid pigs, characterized in that the feed additive comprises 0.1g/kg enzyme preparation and 1.5 x 10 9 CFU/kg composite probiotics; the compound probiotics comprise lactobacillus plantarum, ginkgo lactobacillus and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the enzyme preparation comprises protease and amylase.
2. The feed additive of claim 1, wherein the amylase consists of a medium temperature alpha amylase, a pullulanase and a saccharifying enzyme, the medium temperature alpha amylase activity is 1,000U/g, the pullulanase activity is 100U/g, and the saccharifying enzyme activity is 8,000U/g; the protease activity was 36,000U/g.
3. The feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus ginkgo and saccharomyces cerevisiae are added in an amount of 0.5 x 10 each 9 CFU/kg。
4. A complete feed for enhancing the performance of Rong Chang and about g of a summer hybrid pig, characterized in that the complete feed comprises the feed additive of any one of claims 1-3.
5. The complete feed according to claim 4, wherein the complete feed is fed to a hybrid pig of Rong Chang and about g in summer at a growing and fattening stage with a weight of 45kg or more.
6. The complete feed of claim 4, wherein the complete feed comprises a basal diet, 0.1g/kg enzyme preparation, and 1.5x10 9 CFU/kg composite probiotics; the basic diet comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-75 parts of corn, 15-20 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1 part of stone powder, 0.5-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.5 part of salt, 0.01-0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1-1 part of vitamin premix, 0.01-1 part of mineral premix, 0.01-0.1 part of phytase, 0.01-0.1 part of mildew preventive, 0.01-0.1 part of antioxidant and 0.01-0.1 part of L-lysine sulfate.
7. The complete feed of claim 6, wherein the vitamin premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: vitamin A32 500IU and vitamin D 3 8500IU, 80IU of vitamin E and vitamin K 3 10000mg, vitamin B 1 10000mg, vitamin B 2 25000mg, vitamin B 6 10000mg, vitamin B 12 100mg, 500mg of biotin, 50,000 mg of pantothenic acid, 100,000 mg of nicotinamide and 4,000 mg of folic acid; the mineral premix comprises the following weightThe components in parts by weight: 72000-108000 mg of magnesium, 16000-24000 mg of copper, 41-61000 mg of zinc, 330-500 mg of selenium, 24000-36000 mg of manganese and 390-590 mg of iodine; the mildew preventive consists of propionic acid, sodium propionate and silicon dioxide; the antioxidant consists of ethoxyquinoline, silica and stone dust.
8. The complete feed according to claim 4, wherein the complete feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1g/kg enzyme preparation, 1.5X10 g/kg enzyme preparation 9 CFU/kg composite probiotics, 72.1 parts of corn, 15.5 parts of bean pulp, 9.51 parts of wheat bran, 0.87 part of stone powder, 0.51 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 0.08 part of choline chloride, 0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.5 part of mineral premix, 0.02 part of phytase, 0.04 part of mildew preventive, 0.02 part of antioxidant and 0.05 part of L-lysine sulfate (78%).
9. Use of a feed additive according to any one of claims 1-3 and/or a complete feed according to any one of claims 4-8 for increasing the growth performance and immune level, improving meat quality and antioxidant capacity and/or modulating intestinal SCFAs levels in animals, characterized in that the animals are a hybrid pig of Rong Chang and about gram in summer in a growing-fattening stage with a body weight above 45 kg.
10. Use of the feed additive of any one of claims 1-3 and/or the complete feed of any one of claims 4-8 for decreasing ADFI and F/G in animals, increasing water holding capacity in pork, increasing immunoglobulin and interleukin concentration in serum of animals, decreasing muscle MDA content, increasing GSH-Px concentration and/or increasing cecal butyrate content, characterized in that the animals are a hybrid pig weighing Rong Chang and about gram summer in a growing and fattening stage of more than 45 kg; the immunoglobulins comprise IgA and/or IgG and the interleukins comprise IL-2 and/or IL-10.
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