CN117448044A - 一种环保型车用醇基燃料 - Google Patents

一种环保型车用醇基燃料 Download PDF

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CN117448044A
CN117448044A CN202311332382.3A CN202311332382A CN117448044A CN 117448044 A CN117448044 A CN 117448044A CN 202311332382 A CN202311332382 A CN 202311332382A CN 117448044 A CN117448044 A CN 117448044A
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alcohol
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based fuel
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mixing
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CN117448044B (zh
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钱奕舟
汪示兴
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ANHUI CHUNSHENG NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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ANHUI CHUNSHENG NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Abstract

本发明提供一种环保型车用醇基燃料，涉及醇基燃料加工技术领域。所述环保型车用醇基燃料采用甲醇、基础油、助溶剂、增热剂、降凝剂、抑制剂混合制备而成，其中抑制剂采用烷氧基化脂肪醇、2,6‑二叔丁基对甲基苯酚、3‑巯基丙酸、月桂酸聚氧乙烯酯、2,6‑二甲基吗啉、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠、120号溶剂汽油混合制备。本发明克服了现有技术的不足，在保证燃料环保安全的同时有效减少对发动机金属的腐蚀和对橡胶的溶胀，保证发动机的使用寿命，提升整体醇基汽油的使用安全性，降低改造成本。

Description

一种环保型车用醇基燃料
技术领域
本发明涉及醇基燃料加工技术领域，具体涉及一种环保型车用醇基燃料。
背景技术
甲醇作为一种含氧量高、辛烷值高、原料来源广泛以及可以有效降低污染物排放等特点，是汽油的替代燃料之一。
在汽车领域，由于甲醇对汽车发动系统来说是一种急性溶剂，容易对发动机橡胶造成溶胀，并且甲醇在生产过程中不可避免地产生少量酸性物质，醇接触空气时由于氧化也会产生少量的有机酸，这些酸性物质会给发动机的金属部件带来腐蚀；而且醇类产品本身吸水性较强，在储运过程中会吸收空气中的微量水分，因电化学作用而加剧腐蚀，这严重影响汽车发动机的使用寿命。
现阶段针对醇基燃料对发动机的腐蚀问题已经开始研发新型的骑车发动系统，但是该系统研发成本高，对于已经生产的汽车来说更换成本更大，不利于实际的发展应用，所以需要针对醇基燃料的改进，通过对甲醇和汽油的复配，以及一些助剂的添加在保证节能环保的同时，降低对发动系统的腐蚀和破坏是一个重要的研发方向。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足，本发明提供一种环保型车用醇基燃料，在保证燃料环保安全的同时有效减少对发动机金属的腐蚀和对橡胶的溶胀，保证发动机的使用寿命，提升整体醇基汽油的使用安全性，降低改造成本。
为实现以上目的，本发明的技术方案通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种环保型车用醇基燃料，所述醇基燃料由以下重量份的原料制成：甲醇120-160份、基础油30-60份、助溶剂8-10份、增热剂4-6份、降凝剂3-5份、抑制剂6-8份；其中所述抑制剂由以下重量份的物质组成：烷氧基化脂肪醇4-8份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚10-12份、3-巯基丙酸2-6份、月桂酸聚氧乙烯酯6-8份、2,6-二甲基吗啉8-10份、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠3-5份、120号溶剂汽油20-30份。
优选的，所述基础油为92#基础汽油。
优选的，所述助溶剂为正丁醇、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯、正戊醇质量比6∶2∶3混合得到。
优选的，所述增热剂为硝化纤维素、碳五、甲基叔丁基醚、正丁醇质量比8∶5∶4∶5混合得到。
优选的，所述降凝剂为甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、聚乙烯醇、聚氧乙烯-8-辛基苯基醚质量比2∶2∶3混合得到。
优选的，所述聚乙烯醇为聚乙烯醇1000。
优选的，所述车用醇基燃料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将甲醇置于反应釜中，后向反应釜中加入助溶剂搅拌均匀，得第一混合液备用；
(2)将增热剂、降凝剂混合后滴加至第一混合液中，并边滴加边搅拌，混合均匀得第二混合液；
(3)将第二混合液加入至基础油中，抽真空继续混合搅拌后再加入抑制剂，搅拌均匀得车用醇基燃料。
优选的，所述步骤(1)、(2)、(3)中搅拌的转速为200-400r/min。
优选的，所述步骤(3)中抽真空的真空度为80-120pa。
本发明提供一种环保型车用醇基燃料，与现有技术相比优点在于：
(1)本发明采用甲醇复合汽油制备醇基燃料，有效提升汽车用燃料的环保性，同时通过抑制剂的添加进一步提升对汽车发动系统中金属和橡胶成分的保护，减少发动机的损害，提升使用安全性。
(2)本发明中采用烷氧基化脂肪醇、2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚、3-巯基丙酸、月桂酸聚氧乙烯酯、2,6-二甲基吗啉8-10％、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠3-5份、120号溶剂汽油制备抑制剂，并按照一定的组分添加，能够有效减少对发动机金属的腐蚀和对橡胶材料的溶胀，达到有效保护发动机的目的，综合提升燃料的使用安全性。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合本发明实施例对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例和对比例中甲醇满足《车用燃料甲醇》GBT 23510-2009标准，纯度在99.5％以上。
实施例1：
各助剂的制备：
1、助溶剂的制备：
将正丁醇、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯、正戊醇按照质量比6∶2∶3混合得助溶剂；
2、增热剂的制备：
将硝化纤维素、碳五、甲基叔丁基醚、正丁醇按照质量比8∶5∶4∶5混合得到增热剂；
3、降凝剂的制备：
将甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、聚乙烯醇1000、聚氧乙烯-8-辛基苯基醚按照质量比2∶2∶3混合得到降凝剂。
4、基础油制备：
用体积比为8％的正庚烷与92％的异辛烷混合制备得到92#基础汽油。
5、抑制剂的制备：按照下表1，将各质量比的不同物质混合得到不同的抑制剂：
表1：不同抑制剂的配比
实施例2：
车用醇基燃料的制备：
(1)备料：按照以下重量份进行备料：甲醇120份、基础油30份、助溶剂2份、增热剂1份、降凝剂1份、抑制剂A2份；
(2)将甲醇置于反应釜中，后向反应釜中加入助溶剂采用300r/min的转速搅拌均匀，得第一混合液备用；
(2)将增热剂、降凝剂混合后滴加至第一混合液中，并边滴加边以300r/min的转速搅拌，混合均匀得第二混合液；
(3)将第二混合液加入至基础油中，抽真空至真空度为100pa后继续以300r/min的转速混合搅拌后再加入抑制剂，搅拌均匀得车用醇基燃料。
实施例3：
车用醇基燃料的制备：
(1)备料：按照以下重量份进行备料：甲醇160份、基础油60份、助溶剂4份、增热剂2份、降凝剂2份、抑制剂A3份；
(2)将甲醇置于反应釜中，后向反应釜中加入助溶剂采用300r/min的转速搅拌均匀，得第一混合液备用；
(2)将增热剂、降凝剂混合后滴加至第一混合液中，并边滴加边以300r/min的转速搅拌，混合均匀得第二混合液；
(3)将第二混合液加入至基础油中，抽真空至真空度为100pa后继续以300r/min的转速混合搅拌后再加入抑制剂，搅拌均匀得车用醇基燃料。
实施例4：
车用醇基燃料的制备：
(1)备料：按照以下重量份进行备料：甲醇140份、基础油45份、助溶剂3份、增热剂1.5份、降凝剂1.5份、抑制剂A2.5份；
(2)将甲醇置于反应釜中，后向反应釜中加入助溶剂采用300r/min的转速搅拌均匀，得第一混合液备用；
(2)将增热剂、降凝剂混合后滴加至第一混合液中，并边滴加边以300r/min的转速搅拌，混合均匀得第二混合液；
(3)将第二混合液加入至基础油中，抽真空至真空度为100pa后继续以300r/min的转速混合搅拌后再加入抑制剂，搅拌均匀得车用醇基燃料。
对比例1：
根据实施例4的制备方法和各原料用量，并分别采用抑制剂B、抑制剂C、抑制剂D、抑制剂E替换实施例4中的抑制剂A来制备各对照组，具体对照组对抑制剂的选择如下表2：
表2：对照组中抑制剂的选择
组别 对照组1 对照组2 对照组3 对照组4
抑制剂选择 抑制剂B 抑制剂C 抑制剂D 抑制剂E
检测：
采用92#基础汽油为对照组5，分别检测实施例2-4和对照组1-5的性能，具体如下：
1、对实施例2-4和对照组1-4的燃料分别在常温(25±2℃)、0℃、-15℃的温度环境下静置48h，观察各组燃料的性能温度情况，具体结果如下表3：
表3：各组燃料稳定性检测
2、对实施例2-4和对照组1-5的燃料采用GB/T 384-1981《石油产品热值测定法》进行热力值检测，具体结果如下表4所示
表4：各组燃料热值检测
组别 热值(kJ/kg)
实施例2 44963
实施例3 45029
实施例4 44897
对照组1 44719
对照组2 44658
对照组3 44719
对照组4 43275
对照组5 45762
3、对实施例2-4和对照组1-5的燃料进行金属腐蚀性检测：将黄铜、紫铜、铝、铁和304不锈钢分别制成大小为40mm×10mm×2mm的金属片并称重，分别浸入上述各组燃料中，常温(25±2℃)浸泡4个月，且每隔15d更换一次浸泡燃料，后取出金属片冲洗干净后干燥称重，计算浸泡前后金属片的质量损失率为腐蚀率，具体结果如下表5所示：
表5：各组燃料对金属材料的腐蚀检测
由上表5可知，实施例2-4所制备的燃料对黄铜、紫铜、铝、铁和304不锈钢的腐蚀性与对照组5的92#基础汽油腐蚀性差异较小。
4、对实施例2-4和对照组1-5的燃料进行橡胶材料溶胀性检测：参考《GB/T 1690-2006硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶耐液体试验方法》，分别对丁腈胶、氟橡胶、聚氨酯胶、硅橡胶进行适应性实验，其中橡胶溶胀程度用质量相对增量△m和体积相对增量△V表示，实验条件为室温(15-20℃)，避光检测，具体检测结果如下表6所示：
表6：各组燃料对橡胶材料的溶胀检测
由上表6可知，实施例2-4所制得的燃料相较于对照组5对丁腈胶、氟橡胶、聚氨酯胶的溶胀程度均差异较小，且对于非耐油橡胶的溶胀程度明显低于对照组5。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种环保型车用醇基燃料，其特征在于，所述醇基燃料由以下重量份的原料制成：甲醇120-160份、基础油30-60份、助溶剂2-4份、增热剂1-2份、降凝剂1-2份、抑制剂2-3份；
其中所述抑制剂由以下重量份的物质组成：烷氧基化脂肪醇4-8份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚10-12份、3-巯基丙酸2-6份、月桂酸聚氧乙烯酯6-8份、2,6-二甲基吗啉8-10份、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠3-5份、120号溶剂汽油20-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型车用醇基燃料，其特征在于：所述基础油为92#基础汽油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型车用醇基燃料，其特征在于：所述助溶剂为正丁醇、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯、正戊醇质量比6∶2∶3混合得到。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型车用醇基燃料，其特征在于：所述增热剂为硝化纤维素、碳五、甲基叔丁基醚、正丁醇质量比8∶5∶4∶5混合得到。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型车用醇基燃料，其特征在于：所述降凝剂为甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、聚乙烯醇、聚氧乙烯-8-辛基苯基醚质量比2∶2∶3混合得到。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种环保型车用醇基燃料，其特征在于：所述聚乙烯醇为聚乙烯醇1000。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型车用醇基燃料，其特征在于：所述车用醇基燃料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将甲醇置于反应釜中，后向反应釜中加入助溶剂搅拌均匀，得第一混合液备用；
(2)将增热剂、降凝剂混合后滴加至第一混合液中，并边滴加边搅拌，混合均匀得第二混合液；
(3)将第二混合液加入至基础油中，抽真空继续混合搅拌后再加入抑制剂，搅拌均匀得车用醇基燃料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种环保型车用醇基燃料，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)、(2)、(3)中搅拌的转速为200-400r/min。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种环保型车用醇基燃料，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中抽真空的真空度为80-120pa。
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