CN117433405A - Deformation monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a deformation monitoring system, which comprises: the rainfall monitoring subsystem monitors rainfall by a rainfall meter; the GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem comprises a plurality of GNSS settlement monitoring points and a GNSS settlement datum point; the video monitoring subsystem is provided with a monitoring probe at the top of the bracket for monitoring the deformation of the front edge of the landslide body in the mountain area; an internal displacement monitoring subsystem for monitoring the angle change of the vertical straight surface and the horizontal direction of the landslide body in the mountain area through an inclinometer; and the crack monitoring subsystem is used for arranging crack monitoring equipment on the main cracks or cracks with larger change of the landslide body in the mountain area for monitoring. The monitoring system provided by the invention can realize remote checking, controlling, managing and maintaining of landslide on the mountain area, and is convenient and easy to use in webpage remote operation, compared with hysteresis brought by manual periodic monitoring at present, the monitoring system can improve timeliness and convenience of monitoring landslide mass in the mountain area, so that the monitoring work is more efficient and convenient, and the popularization and the use are facilitated.

Description

Deformation monitoring system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ground disaster monitoring, in particular to a deformation monitoring system.

Background

The method has the advantages that the Chinese operators are wide, the geological and geographical environments are complex, the space-time difference of the climate conditions is large, meanwhile, the Chinese is one of the most serious countries in the world due to the complex geological and geomorphic conditions, the Chinese geological disasters mainly comprise collapse, landslide, debris flow, ground collapse, settlement, ground cracks and the like, and the method has the characteristics of wide distribution, frequent activity and serious hazard, and the landslide is the most serious type of geological disasters. According to statistics of the national resource department, collapse, landslide and debris flow are carried out, and the distribution range accounts for 44.8% of the area of the national land.

According to incomplete statistics, 70 cities and 460 counties are threatened and endangered by landslide disasters in the whole country, and on average, the economic loss of at least 35-80 hundred million yuan is caused each year. Meanwhile, construction and operation of key projects in many countries are threatened by landslide disasters, such as three gorges hydraulic engineering in Yangtze river, hydraulic engineering in southwest mountainous areas and the like.

Therefore, landslide monitoring is particularly important, but in the prior art, landslide monitoring is mainly limited to manual periodic monitoring, so that landslide disaster monitoring effect cannot be met, hysteresis of monitoring and forecasting exists, working intensity is high, difficulty is high, meanwhile, real-time monitoring of landslide change conditions for 24 hours in the whole day is difficult to keep, and therefore, a deformation monitoring system is needed to achieve the purpose of providing effective basis for accurately and timely forecasting landslide disasters.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to a deformation monitoring system, which solves the above-mentioned problems.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a deformation monitoring system comprising a monitoring system, the system comprising:

the rainfall monitoring subsystem is used for pouring Dan Duntai on monitoring points of landslide bodies in mountain areas, installing a bracket on a stone pier, monitoring rainfall data in the mountain areas through a rainfall meter installed at the top of the bracket, and transmitting the monitored rainfall data to a server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network for calculation and analysis;

The GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem comprises a plurality of GNSS settlement monitoring points and a GNSS settlement datum point, wherein the GNSS settlement monitoring points acquire landslide surface displacement data of a mountain area through Beidou satellite positioning coordinates, upload the data to GNSS settlement datum point correction data, and transmit the correction data to a server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network for calculation and analysis;

the video monitoring subsystem is used for installing a monitoring probe at the top of the bracket to monitor the deformation of the front edge of the landslide body in the mountain area and transmitting a monitoring video to the server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network;

the internal displacement monitoring subsystem monitors the angle change of the vertical straight surface and the horizontal direction of the landslide body in the mountain area through the inclinometer and transmits monitoring data to the server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network;

and the crack monitoring subsystem is used for arranging crack monitoring equipment on a main crack or a crack with larger change of a landslide body in a mountain area to monitor the crack change data and transmitting the crack change data to the server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network.

Preferably, an audible and visual alarm for danger prompt is fixedly installed on the support, in the GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem, the GNSS settlement datum point comprises a Beidou datum station receiver for receiving signals and a monitoring equipment box for receiving intelligent operation and maintenance terminals, a vertical upright post pipe is fixed at the top end of the monitoring equipment box and used for installing and positioning the Beidou datum station receiver, a box door capable of being opened and closed in a rotating mode is installed at the front opening of the monitoring equipment box, an electronic lock for locking positions between the box door and the monitoring equipment box is installed on the box door, a driving shaft capable of moving horizontally forwards and backwards is arranged in the monitoring equipment box, and the front end of the driving shaft penetrates through the front surface of the monitoring equipment box and extends to the outside;

The stand intraductal activity is equipped with the ejector pin, the end fixing of drive shaft is equipped with the bed hedgehopping piece, one side of bed hedgehopping piece is equipped with the direction inclined plane, stand intraductal side top is equipped with the bolt subassembly, and the receive and releases of bolt subassembly can be driven by the lift of ejector pin, big dipper benchmark station receiver bottom mounting is equipped with the location pipe box that can overlap and locate stand pipe outer wall, the slot with bolt subassembly assorted has all been seted up to location pipe box and stand pipe inner wall.

Preferably, the bolt component comprises a C-shaped pin, a rotatable driving disc is arranged at the top of the inner side of the upright post pipe, a first connecting rod is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the driving disc, and the end part of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected with the middle part of the C-shaped pin;

the drive disc is equipped with rather than coaxial pivoted drive gear in one side that deviates from first connecting rod, the top of ejector pin is fixed to be equipped with the rack board that meshes with drive gear outer wall.

Preferably, a positioning groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the driving shaft, of the back surface of the box door, a locking groove is formed in the inner wall of the positioning groove, a locking block matched with the locking groove is movably arranged at the end part of the driving shaft, the locking block is arranged at the outer wall position of the end part of the driving shaft in a telescopic manner, and a reset spring II is arranged at the end part, located at the inner cavity position of the driving shaft, of the locking block and used for driving the locking block to automatically retract;

The outer wall cover of drive shaft is equipped with the sliding sleeve, the outer wall of sliding sleeve and the inner wall fixed connection of monitoring facilities case, the outer wall of drive shaft is fixed to be equipped with the limiting plate, fixed reset spring one that is equipped with between limiting plate and the sliding sleeve.

Preferably, the inside rotatable connecting axle that is equipped with of drive shaft, the end fixing that the connecting axle is close to the locking piece is equipped with oval dish, the spacing groove of seting up on drive shaft top, the connecting hole that is linked together with the inside drive shaft is seted up to spacing groove bottom, the connecting hole internalization is equipped with the connecting rod, connecting rod bottom fixedly connected with cylinder piece, connecting axle lateral wall fixedly connected with side ear, the bar through-hole has been seted up at side ear middle part, cylinder piece outer wall and the inboard activity grafting of bar through-hole.

Preferably, the outer wall movable sleeve of drive shaft is equipped with and bears the cover with spacing groove assorted, bear the movable grafting of cover top and have the gag lever post, fixedly connected with reset spring three between gag lever post and the bearing cover, be equipped with the electro-magnet directly over the reset spring three, the electro-magnet is fixed with bear the cover and is set up, bear the cover lateral wall and the fixed setting of monitoring facilities incasement wall.

Preferably, ventilation windows are formed in two sides of the monitoring equipment box, an exhaust fan is fixedly arranged at the position corresponding to the ventilation windows on the inner wall of one side of the monitoring equipment box, and a in-place switch is fixedly arranged at the position, opposite to the inner wall of the end face of the driving shaft, of the monitoring equipment box.

Preferably, the ventilating window located on one side of the monitoring equipment box, deviating from the exhaust fan, is fixedly provided with a dustproof ventilating net, the side wall of the monitoring equipment box is provided with a cleaning brush for cleaning the dustproof ventilating net, the bottom of the cleaning brush is rotationally connected with a third connecting rod, and the bottom of the third connecting rod is rotationally connected with the side wall of the driving shaft.

Preferably, the cleaning hairbrush is two and symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom positions of the dustproof ventilation net, two ends of the cleaning hairbrush are respectively and rotatably connected with a second connecting rod, two adjacent ends of the second connecting rods are movably inserted with T-shaped pins, guide slots are formed in the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box, and the ends of the T-shaped pins are movably inserted with the inner sides of the guide slots at corresponding positions.

Preferably, the bottom of ejector pin is the U font and its inboard rotates and is connected with the gyro wheel, stand pipe cross-section is the I shape, the fixed gib block that is equipped with in backing block top middle part, gib block one end extends to the top of drive shaft, the fixed solar panel that is equipped with in monitoring facilities case lateral wall top, the fixed lightning rod that is equipped with in top of monitoring facilities case, the lightning rod bottom passes through the wire and connects in underground.

The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:

(1) The monitoring system provided by the invention can realize remote checking, controlling, managing and maintaining of landslide on the mountain area, and is convenient and easy to use in webpage remote operation, compared with hysteresis brought by manual periodic monitoring at present, the monitoring system can improve timeliness and convenience of monitoring landslide mass in the mountain area, so that the monitoring work is more efficient and convenient, and the popularization and the use are convenient;

(2) The monitoring equipment box provided by the invention can be used for internally locking the Beidou reference station receiver on the upright post, has a good anti-theft effect, can be used for unlocking the Beidou reference station receiver on the upright post pipe after the door on the monitoring equipment box is opened, and is convenient to disassemble, assemble and overhaul while achieving anti-theft, and has stronger practicability;

(3) According to the invention, the locking block on the driving shaft is matched with the locking groove in the slot on the box door, the box door can be locked after being closed by utilizing the driving between the connecting rod and the side lugs, and meanwhile, the electronic lock and the electromagnet can be electrically connected through the controller, so that the box door can be locked under the abnormal unlocking condition of the electronic lock, the anti-theft effect is achieved, and the integral anti-theft performance is enhanced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic main structure diagram of a rainfall monitoring subsystem, a GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem and a video monitoring subsystem according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a monitoring device box in the GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a front partial cross-sectional structure at a Beidou reference station receiver of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure at a of fig. 3 according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a top-down side of the monitoring device case of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure at B of fig. 5 according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional end view of the main drive shaft of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the connecting rod and the side ears of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a partial perspective view of the main drive shaft of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a monitoring device case of the present invention.

In the figure: 100. a concrete base; 101. a bracket; 102. a rain gauge; 103. monitoring a probe; 104. an audible and visual alarm; 200. monitoring the equipment box; 201. a door; 202. an electronic lock; 203. a lightning rod; 204. a solar power generation panel; 205. cleaning a hairbrush; 206. a dustproof ventilation net; 300. a Beidou reference station receiver; 301. a stand column pipe; 302. positioning the pipe sleeve; 303. a drive disc; 304. a C-shaped pin; 305. a first link; 306. a slot; 307. a transmission gear; 308. rack plate; 309. a push rod; 310. a roller; 311. a lifting block; 312. a guide slope; 313. a guide bar; 400. a drive shaft; 401. an in-place switch; 402. an exhaust fan; 403. a sliding sleeve; 404. a limiting plate; 405. a first reset spring; 500. a locking piece; 501. a positioning groove; 502. a locking groove; 503. a second reset spring; 504. a connecting shaft; 505. an oval plate; 506. a bearing sleeve; 507. an electromagnet; 508. a limit rod; 509. a return spring III; 510. a limit groove; 511. a connecting through hole; 512. a connecting rod; 513. a lateral ear; 514. a cylindrical block; 515. a bar-shaped through hole; 600. a second link; 601. a T-shaped pin; 602. a third link; 603. and guiding and grooving.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The invention provides a deformation monitoring system which comprises a monitoring system, wherein the system comprises a rainfall monitoring subsystem, a GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem, a video monitoring subsystem, an internal displacement monitoring subsystem and a crack monitoring subsystem.

Meanwhile, the system also needs to be configured with system lightning protection, system communication, system power supply, monitoring center and system software configuration.

Wherein the lightning protection of the system comprises three aspects: external lightning protection, namely, an external lightning protection device (a lightning receptor, a down lead and a grounding device) receives more than 50% of lightning current to leak into the ground;

the internal lightning protection, namely adopting equipotential connection, shielding, anti-flashover technology and device to block the path of lightning wave along metal wires and space electromagnetic field invasion, mainly comprises adding an overvoltage protection device at the front end of the equipment, connecting a Surge Protector (SPD) in parallel, shielding a metal pipeline into a household, shielding the equipment, equipotential connection and comprehensive wiring;

Surge protection, utilizing the nonlinear characteristics of certain components, constitutes a Surge Protector (SPD) and connects it in the distribution and signal lines, discharging the accumulated overvoltage and overcurrent through the SPD into the ground.

The system communication mainly adopts a GPRS communication mode which is simple to use, and can also adopt a wireless bridge, optical fiber and other communication modes, and the following matters need to be noted when the wireless communication network is constructed: the vertical rod of the access device needs to be firmly installed, so that the condition of large shaking cannot occur; note that the antenna installation angle, the horizontal and vertical installation deviation is not more than 3 degrees, and the antenna is firmly fixed; the antenna grounding wire needs to be firmly connected, and the grounding point needs to be connected with the grounding grid; the antenna installation position is in the protection range of the lightning rod, and the data line is suitable for installing a signal lightning arrester; after the installation, the whole network point-to-point cross communication test is required, and the requirements of flow, stability, signal strength and the like cannot be met, and the installation position, direction, angle, internal setting and the like of the antenna are required to be adjusted, so that the communication of each point is ensured to meet the requirements. The test process needs to make test records to form a test report.

In the power supply of the system, wide-voltage working equipment is preferentially adopted; the power supply system adopts a topological type power supply network, a power supply main line of a three-phase live wire and a zero line of one phase is generally preferably constructed, branches on each cross section are connected with branch main lines, one live wire and the zero line are used as a monitoring and monitoring system main power supply, and the other two live wires are used as a light supplementing main power supply (if needed); the power supply is provided with a main circuit voltage stabilizer, and a rear-end voltage stabilizer is arranged according to the length of the circuit; the spare diesel/gasoline generator is arranged at the position of the total power supply according to the requirement, the power of the generator is surplus, and if the monitoring center is independent of the landslide area monitoring network power supply, the small generator is independently configured for the monitoring center; the power and line loss of each device are scientifically calculated, a standby power supply is reasonably configured according to requirements, such as an online standby power supply with reasonable capacity is configured at the tail end of each monitoring point, a large-capacity intelligent online standby power supply, a battery pack and the like are configured in a monitoring center, solar charging can be assisted in configuration, and the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved (single crystal, 12V and 100W solar panels and 100AH and 12V maintenance-free storage batteries are selected, so that the storage batteries can be known to be Q (storage battery capacity) =I (ampere) x H (hours), I=W/U under normal illumination conditions, the storage batteries can be fully charged in 12 hours from the above, VNET3 power consumption is 4W, the power of the monitoring point is 4W under ideal conditions, the solar power supply voltage is 12V, the current I is 3.6/12=0.3A, the full capacity power supply of the storage batteries is assumed to be ideal, and the power supply time T=Q/I=100/3=333H is known to be ensured under ideal conditions, and the normal power supply requirements of the monitoring point can be ensured for 10 days.

The monitoring center needs to be provided with a server computer, an operation computer, a special cabinet, a special display device, a high-capacity standby power supply, a hard disk video recorder, a short message transmitter, a high-speed switch and other devices, and can conditionally consider damp-proof, dust-proof, antistatic, air-conditioning and other facilities, wherein the main device technical indexes are as shown in the following table:

main equipment technical index of monitoring center

Main equipment technical index of monitoring center

The system software can select landslide on-line monitoring and early warning system software of sea area deformation monitoring series to comprise high-precision GNSS resolving software (HG-Monitor), sea area deformation monitoring series data acquisition software (HG-Acq) and sea area deformation monitoring series network publishing system (HG-DMS);

HG-Monitor high-precision GNSS resolving software is responsible for processing GNSS original data, resolving to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the position of the measuring antenna, and storing the three-dimensional coordinates in a database;

HG-Acq data acquisition software is responsible for storing acquired sensor data into a database, and partial data can be subjected to data statistics processing, data analysis and multi-source data fusion;

on the HG-DMS visualization software platform, a user can check the engineering and the data change condition of each monitoring point. If abnormal phenomenon occurs, the software can send out an early warning signal in the forms of short messages, mails, audible and visual alarms and the like. In addition, the user can select and output a report, so that various monitoring indexes of the landslide body can be conveniently analyzed, and the health condition of the landslide body can be diagnosed.

The traditional landslide types can be classified into a relation classification according to the animation of the landslide and a layer, a generation time classification according to the landslide, a sliding mode classification according to the landslide, a thickness classification according to the landslide, a ancient classification according to the utilization condition of the old sliding surface, a volume classification according to the landslide, an induction factor classification according to the landslide and an aspect ratio classification according to the aspect ratio, and the specific classification is as follows:

landslide type	Sliding surface and deck relationship
		Landslide with smooth layer	With strata as sliding surface
Cut-layer landslide	The sliding surface is tangential to the stratum level

Classification according to the relation of rock landslide animation and bedding surface

Landslide type	Generation of landslide
		New slide breaker	Recent (within 50 years)
Old landslide	New world (not including the last 50 years)
		Ancient landslide	Late update and its past

Sorting by landslide by age of occurrence

Landslide type	Landslide sliding mode
		Loose landslide	The front part slides first and gradually develops backwards
Push type landslide	The rear part slides first to push the front part to slide

Sorting by landslide by sliding means

Thickness of sliding body (h) m	h≤10	10＜h≤25	25＜h≤50	h＞50
					Landslide type	Shallow landslide	Middle-layer landslide	Deep landslide	Ultra-deep landslide

Sorting by landslide by thickness of slide

Landslide type	Old and old landslide dynamic surface utilization condition
		Full reviving landslide	The old and old landslide dynamic surface is fully utilized by the new landslide
Partially reviving landslide	Old and old landslide moving surfaces are partially utilized by new landslide
		Non-reviving landslide	Old and old landslide moving surfaces are not utilized by new landslide

Classification by landslide by old and old sliding surfaces

Sorting by landslide by volume of slide mass

Classification by landslide by induction factor

Landslide type	Aspect ratio (k)
		Longitudinal landslide	K≥1.5
Equal-length landslide	1.5＞k≥0.5
		Horizontal long landslide	K＜0.5

Sorting by aspect ratio by landslide

The evolution stage of a common landslide is divided into the following specific tables:

evolution phase division of landslide

Aiming at monitoring landslide bodies, the system needs to meet the following points:

the datum point should be set up in the stable area far away from the disaster-causing geologic body and constitute the datum network, the monitoring net type should be selected according to the scope, scale, topography, geological factor, general conditions and the requirement of testing of disaster-causing geologic body, can lay into cross, square, radial.

The monitoring network of disaster-causing geologic bodies can be divided into an elevation network and a plane network or a three-dimensional monitoring network, and the monitoring requirements of deformation azimuth, deformation quantity, deformation speed, space-time dynamics and development trend are met.

The monitoring section is mainly absolute displacement monitoring, the main deformation direction of landslide and dangerous rock can be controlled, the monitoring section coincides with or is parallel to the exploration section, and drilling holes, flat holes and exploratory wells of exploration engineering are preferably utilized for arrangement. When the deformation has multiple directions, there should be a monitoring profile control for each direction.

Monitoring points should be arranged on the ground surface deformation section, and the monitoring points should be adjusted and added on the deformation strong section and when the deformation is aggravated.

If landslide and dangerous rock collapse exist in the debris flow area, monitoring work should be arranged according to the monitoring requirements of the landslide and the dangerous rock collapse area, and the monitoring section of the debris flow area should coincide with the main exploration line of the debris flow area.

The arrangement of the landslide monitoring section should be arranged perpendicular to the bank slope trend.

The number of monitoring points of each monitoring section is not less than 3, and the arrangement of the monitoring points is carried out by fully utilizing the existing drilling holes, exploratory wells or exploratory holes.

The conventional monitoring of the disaster-causing geologic body deformation monitoring and underground water dynamic monitoring period is preferably 5d-15d, and the observation period is shortened until the monitoring of a side station when the deformation rate is increased or abnormal change occurs in a rainy season; the data observation, preprocessing and adjustment calculation of the monitoring network accord with the relevant regulations of the national standard 'engineering measurement Specification' GB 50026-93; the observation accuracy should meet the following requirements:

a) The deformation observation error should be less than 1/10 of the actual deformation value and should not be greater than 2mm;

b) The observation error of the crack width is not more than 0.5mm;

c) The mud level monitoring error of the mud-rock flow should not be greater than 0.2m.

Example 1

The system comprises a rainfall monitoring subsystem, wherein Dan Duntai is poured on a monitoring point of a landslide body in a mountain area, a bracket 101 is installed on the stone pier table 100, rainfall data in the mountain area is monitored through a rain gauge 102 installed at the top of the bracket 101, wherein the rain gauge 102 adopts a tipping bucket type telemetering rain gauge, collected data can be directly connected into a server computer through an RS485 communication interface cable or transmitted into the server through an optical fiber, a wireless network bridge, a wireless network and the like, the monitored rainfall data is transmitted to a server terminal through a wired network or the wireless network for calculation and analysis, RTU components are also required to be installed on the bracket 101, and an RTU component, an RTU antenna, a rain gauge signal connecting wire, a battery connecting wire, a screw, a nut, a gasket and the like are arranged in a packaging box of the RTU component, and the system is specifically assembled as follows: 1. after opening the RTU component packaging box, taking out the RTU component, placing the RTU component on a flat table top, opening a box door by a key, taking out a battery backing plate and accessories (possibly) from the box, unscrewing 2M 3 screws and nuts on the edge of a flat plate with a small box of the telemetry terminal machine at the upper part, taking out the telemetry terminal machine, placing aside (because a cable is required to be connected, the cable is not required to be placed too far), and installing the telemetry terminal machine on the flat plate if a solar charger is arranged;

2. Fixing the assembled solar panel bracket and pressing plate on a round hole at the rear part of the chassis by using M6x16 screws, washers and nuts;

3. inserting a communication card into a telemetry terminal, pushing a yellow button beside a communication card slot on the side surface of an RTU small box by using a pencil or other sharp objects, ejecting a communication card box, placing the communication card into a slot below the card box according to a correct direction, paying attention to the outward contact surface of the communication card, pushing the card box back into the slot (the communication card is below), and slightly clicking when the card box is inserted to the bottom;

4. all external cables (antenna, solar cell connection and rain gauge signal wire) are led into the chassis through the waterproof joint at the back of the chassis to be connected. And respectively inserting the rain gauge signal connecting wires into the RTU small boxes, and inserting the antenna cables into the antenna sockets of the RTU small boxes. The solar charger and the solar panel and the maintenance-free rechargeable battery are properly connected by the attached sheath wire and connected to the RTU small box.

Example two

The system also comprises a GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem, which comprises a plurality of GNSS settlement monitoring points and a GNSS settlement datum point, wherein the GNSS settlement monitoring points acquire landslide surface displacement data of a mountain area through Beidou satellite positioning coordinates, upload the data to GNSS settlement datum point correction data, and transmit the correction data to a server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network for calculation and analysis, and when the position of a continuously running GNSS datum station is selected, the principle is as follows:

The reference station is preferably within 3 km from the measuring area and is as close to the data transmission network as possible;

the foundation of the reference station should be relatively stable, and is preferably built on a stable bedrock or 2 meters below the frozen soil layer;

the site should select a position which is easy to place the receiving equipment and has wide visual field, and the surrounding height of the visual field is more than 10 degrees, so that GNSS signals are prevented from being absorbed or shielded;

the station should be far away from the high power radio emission source (such as television station, microwave station, etc.), and its distance is preferably not less than 200m; the distance of the high-voltage power transmission line is not smaller than 50m so as to avoid interference of an electromagnetic field on GNSS signals;

the nearby sites should not have large water areas or objects which strongly interfere with satellite signal reception so as to reduce the influence of multipath effects;

more than 50 meters away from the vibration source (such as railway, highway, etc.);

and positioning and protecting the GNSS reference station device. When no one looks at the watch, the safety of the equipment is ensured, and the intentional destruction of the people is prevented.

Meanwhile, in the GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem, an observation pier is also required to be built through concrete.

Example III

The system also comprises a video monitoring subsystem, wherein a monitoring probe 103 is arranged at the top of the bracket 101 to monitor the deformation of the landslide body front edge, and the monitoring video is transmitted to a server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network, and the concrete construction operation comprises the following steps:

And (3) video pier construction: the video cement pier should be deep at least 0.5m below the ground, so the video pier should be 40×40×50cm long, wide and high according to the specification of 3m video pole cement pier, and 50×50×60cm long, wide and high according to the specification of 6m video pole cement pier in general;

video pole setting: the vertical rod connecting piece is connected in a ground cage pre-burying and cement pier mode, a lightning rod is arranged at the top, the lightning rod is well grounded, a lightning protection grounding grid is connected in a conditional mode, if a solar storage battery is used, a place with the temperature lower than 0 DEG is in a place in one year, a ground burying mode is adopted, and the specific size is determined according to the actual ground burying box of the storage battery;

video installation: when the ball machine is installed, the inclination of the vertical rod must be strictly controlled, the cross arm of the ball machine is installed and fixed to the vertical rod, the vertical rod is totally inclined only slightly backwards (the vertical rod cannot be seen by a person), and the forward inclination is not allowed, so that rainwater is prevented from entering the joint of the cross arm and the vertical rod to flow backwards into the ball machine, equipment is destroyed, and in addition, after the installation and debugging are finished, the interface is coated with glass cement to seal the interface.

Example IV

The system also comprises an internal displacement monitoring subsystem, wherein the angle change of the vertical straight surface and the horizontal direction of the landslide body in the mountain area is monitored through the inclinometer, monitoring data is transmitted to the server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network, and the concrete construction operation comprises the following steps:

Drilling: the internal displacement hole is also called an inclinometer hole, the hole forming method is the same as that of a ground water level hole, the hole inclination of the hole to be measured is required to be more than 150mm after the hole is drilled, a normal geological drilling machine is required to be selected under normal conditions, and a water drill or a Luoyang shovel can be used under the condition that the depth is less than 10 meters under special conditions. The currently used slurry wall-fixing method recommends to adopt a core tube impact method dry drilling under the condition of conditional conditions, but needs to make wall protection measures of the anti-collapse hole sleeve;

and (3) installing an inclinometer pipe: the inclinometer pipe is an ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), aluminum alloy or glass fiber pipe with the diameter of 60-80mm, and is arranged above the inclinometer hole before installation, so that the inclinometer pipe is supported and hoisted, waste holes are prevented from being caused when the inclinometer pipe falls into the hole in the installation process, according to practice, the hole can be drilled by using a drilling machine, and a hanger of the drilling machine can be installed by using the inclinometer pipe;

and (3) equipment installation: during the installation process, the following parts are taken as follows: the bottom fixed pulley, the middle pulley with the universal joint and the top orifice suspension device are used for suspending and fixing the inclinometer sensor, the middle movable pulley is directional, and a unidirectional sensor used at present is needed to be aligned, so that the orifice protection device is clamped into the orifice, the influence of precipitation on the water level of the orifice is prevented, the orifice is blocked by unexpected flying objects, or equipment in the movable orifice is considered to be damaged, and the orifice is protected. The pipe orifice protection device can be manufactured into an iron box without a bottom and with an upper flip cover by using a cold-rolled steel plate, the general size is required to be 30 x 30cm long and wide, the iron box is fixed by pouring concrete, the height of the concrete is 20cm, and the upper flip cover must be at least 10cm higher than the pipe orifice, so that the iron box can be customized according to practical conditions. The iron box requires painting with rust inhibitive paint and locking.

Example five

The system also comprises a crack monitoring subsystem, wherein the crack monitoring equipment is arranged on a main crack or a crack with larger change of a landslide body in a mountain area for monitoring, the crack change data is monitored and transmitted to a server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network, and the construction concrete operation comprises the following steps:

according to the monitoring design, a tape measure or a level gauge is used for measuring to determine the monitoring point. And building cement piers at the measuring points, wherein the cement piers have the following dimensions: about 300mm is 400mm, the plane gradient of the cement pier with the height of about 500mm to 600mm is parallel to the gradient of the measuring point, then a full-thread screw rod with the length of about 120mm is inserted into the cement pier, the screw rod is exposed by about 30mm to 40mm, (the exposed screw rod is wrapped by an adhesive tape or a plastic bag to be used after being stuck with waterproof mud), and an expansion screw is used for fixing after the cement pier is completely solidified;

the displacement meter is connected with the reading instrument, and the measuring and detecting are carried out when the machine is started so as to control the position of the sliding rod in the installation process. The displacement meter is firmly fixed on the cement pier of a relative fixed point by adopting a matched mounting fixture and a screw, one end of a steel wire is fixed on a spring connected with a measuring rod of a sensor, the other end of the steel wire is fixed on the cement pier of a measured point, and the displacement meter is approximately stretched to about 1/2 full scale (deformation in two directions of stretching or compression can be measured) by adjusting the length of the steel wire and observing the reading of a reading instrument. The self-numbering device is arranged, the reader is closed, the displacement meter is disconnected, and a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) tube (about 16 mm) is sleeved outside the flexible steel wire between the connection sensor and the measuring point after the flexible steel wire is pulled, so that the flexible steel wire is protected from being in soil or being stretched by external force, and the like, and the measurement data and the precision are affected.

Finally, correcting zero by a displacement meter, and taking an initial value: the displacement meter was connected to a reader. Starting up according to a switching key of a reader for measurement; zero key, make displacement meter installation record (monitoring section, measuring point position, self-numbering, displacement meter numbering, embedding installation date, weather condition and installer) and archive.

Example six

The bracket 101 is also fixedly provided with an audible and visual alarm 104 for danger prompt, in a GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem, a GNSS settlement datum point comprises a Beidou datum station receiver 300 for receiving signals and a monitoring equipment box 200 stored in an intelligent operation and maintenance terminal, a solar power generation plate 204 is fixedly arranged at the top of the side wall of the monitoring equipment box 200, a lightning rod 203 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the monitoring equipment box 200, the bottom end of the lightning rod 203 is connected to the ground through a wire, the solar power generation plate 204 can supply power to and supply (charge) power in the monitoring equipment box 200, the lightning rod 203 can improve good lightning protection effect, a vertical upright post pipe 301 is fixed at the top end of the monitoring equipment box 200, a box door 201 capable of being opened and closed in a rotating mode is arranged at the front opening of the monitoring equipment box 200, the box door 201 is connected with the monitoring equipment box 200 in a rotating mode through a hidden hinge, an electronic lock 202 for locking the position between the box door 201 and the monitoring equipment box 200 is high in a hidden mode, an existing fingerprint coded lock is adopted in the box door 201, a driving shaft 400 capable of moving horizontally forwards and backwards is arranged in the monitoring equipment box 200, and the driving shaft 400 extends to the front end of the driving shaft 400 to the front of the monitoring equipment 200;

Further, a push rod 309 is movably arranged in the upright tube 301, a heightening block 311 is fixedly arranged at the end part of the driving shaft 400, a guide inclined plane 312 is arranged at one side of the heightening block 311, the bottom of the push rod 309 is U-shaped, the inner side of the heightening block 311 is rotationally connected with a roller 310, the section of the upright tube 301 is I-shaped, a guide bar 313 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the top end of the heightening block 311, one end of the guide bar 313 extends to the top end of the driving shaft 400, a bolt component is arranged at the top of the inner side of the upright tube 301, the retraction of the bolt component can be driven by the lifting of the push rod 309, a positioning pipe sleeve 302 which can be sleeved on the outer wall of the upright tube 301 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the Beidou reference station receiver 300, and slots 306 matched with the bolt component are respectively formed in the positioning pipe sleeve 302 and the inner wall of the upright tube 301;

in the preferred embodiment, the latch assembly comprises a C-shaped pin 304, the C-shaped pin 304 is integrally C-shaped, two ends of the C-shaped pin protrude and are inserted into a slot 306 on the inner wall of the same side of the upright post tube 301 and the positioning tube sleeve 302, so that the position between the upright post tube 301 and the positioning tube sleeve 302 can be locked, meanwhile, when the positioning tube sleeve 302 is pulled upwards, acting force is intelligently transferred to the C-shaped pin 304 and cannot act on other external components, the purpose of unlocking prevention is achieved, locking firmness and safety are improved, a rotatable driving disc 303 is arranged at the top of the inner side of the upright post tube 301, a first connecting rod 305 is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the driving disc 303, the end part of the first connecting rod 305 is rotatably connected with the middle part of the C-shaped pin 304, a transmission gear 307 coaxially rotating with the driving disc 303 is arranged on one side of the driving disc 303, and a rack plate 308 meshed with the outer wall of the transmission gear 307 is fixedly arranged at the top of a push rod 309.

The implementation principle of the scheme is as follows: when the box door 201 is closed, the driving shaft 400 is extruded to enable the box door to move backwards, the ejector rod 309 can drive the rack plate 308 to move upwards through the heightening block 311 and the end guide inclined plane 312 thereof, the transmission gear 307 is driven to rotate, the driving disc 303 is driven to synchronously rotate in the same direction, so that the two first connecting rods 305 can be rotated and unfolded, and the C-shaped pin 304 is driven to move reversely and automatically inserted into the slot 306 to achieve the locking purpose;

meanwhile, when the box door 201 rotates to be opened, one end of the driving shaft 400 extends out of the monitoring equipment box 200, so that the ejector rod 309 slides off from the elevating block 311, and the ejector rod 309 and the rack plate 308 move downwards to drive the driving disc 303 to rotate reversely, so that the two C-shaped pins 304 move in the same direction and are separated from the slot 306, and the aim of unlocking the Beidou reference station receiver 300 on the upright post pipe 301 is achieved.

Further, the outer wall of the driving shaft 400 is sleeved with a sliding sleeve 403, the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 403 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box 200, the outer wall of the driving shaft 400 is fixedly provided with a limiting plate 404, a first reset spring 405 is fixedly arranged between the limiting plate 404 and the sliding sleeve 403, the limiting plate 404 is matched with the first reset spring 405, the driving shaft 400 has the function of automatically monitoring the extension of the outer wall of the equipment box 200, so that when the box door 201 is opened, the driving shaft 400 has the function of automatically unlocking, the back surface of the box door 201 is provided with a positioning groove 501 at the position corresponding to the driving shaft 400, the inner wall of the positioning groove 501 is provided with a locking groove 502, the end part of the driving shaft 400 is movably provided with a locking block 500 matched with the locking groove 502, the locking block 500 is telescopically arranged at the outer wall position of the end part of the driving shaft 400, the end part of the locking block 500 at the inner cavity position of the driving shaft 400 is provided with a second reset spring 503, the driving shaft 400 is internally provided with a rotatable connecting shaft 504, the connecting shaft 504 is close to the end part of the locking block 500, the connecting shaft 504 is fixedly provided with an elliptic disc 505, the elliptic disc 505 is driven by the connecting shaft 504, and the elliptic disc 505 is rotated, and the two side bulge parts of the elliptic disc 505 are outwards ejected from the two locking blocks 500 and are inserted into the locking groove 502 to the automatic locking groove 502, and the automatic locking box door 201 is locked;

The top of the driving shaft 400 is provided with a limit groove 510, the bottom of the limit groove 510 is provided with a connecting through hole 511 communicated with the inside of the driving shaft 400, the connecting through hole 511 is internally and movably provided with a connecting rod 512, the bottom of the connecting rod 512 is fixedly connected with a cylindrical block 514, the side wall of the connecting shaft 504 is fixedly connected with a side lug 513, the middle part of the side lug 513 is provided with a strip-shaped through hole 515, the outer wall of the cylindrical block 514 is movably inserted into the inner side of the strip-shaped through hole 515, the cylindrical block 514 is driven to downwards squeeze the side lug 513 through the connecting rod 512, the side lug 513 drives the connecting shaft 504 to rotate by matching with the guiding action of the strip-shaped through hole 515 on the side lug 513 on the cylindrical block 514, so that the purpose of driving the connecting shaft 504 drives the elliptic disc 505 at the other end of the connecting shaft 504 is achieved, the outer wall of the driving shaft 400 is movably sleeved with a bearing sleeve 506 matched with the limit groove 510, the top of the bearing sleeve 506 is movably inserted with a limit rod 508, a reset spring III 509 is fixedly connected between the limit rod 508 and the bearing sleeve 506, an electromagnet 507 is arranged right above the bearing sleeve 506, the electromagnet 507 is fixedly connected with the side wall of the bearing sleeve 506, the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box 200 is fixedly arranged through the connecting rod, and the electromagnet 507 is driven to downwards drive the limit rod 508 to move down to the connecting shaft to rotate, and the connecting shaft 508 is also can be locked to the position of the driving shaft 400, and the driving shaft is not to be opened, and the limit shaft is locked to be opened, and the current position of the driving shaft 400 is not can be opened, and can be locked, and can be opened, and can be locked to be moved to the position and can be locked and moved to the position of the driving shaft 400;

In the above scheme, the electromagnet 507 is electrically connected with the electronic lock 202 through the controller, after the electronic lock 202 is normally unlocked, signals are transmitted to the controller, the controller controls the electromagnet 507 to generate magnetic thrust with the power supply, if the electronic lock 202 is damaged by external force or abnormally unlocked, the controller receives the signals, and the electric connection between the electromagnet 507 and the power supply is blocked, so that the electromagnetic connection does not generate magnetic thrust, and the driving shaft 400 can be prevented from extending outwards to unlock the box door 201 and the Beidou reference station receiver 300, thereby further enhancing the integral anti-theft effect.

In a preferred embodiment, ventilation windows are formed on two sides of the monitoring equipment box 200, an exhaust fan 402 is fixedly arranged at a position corresponding to the position of the inner wall on one side of the monitoring equipment box 200 and the ventilation windows, a in-place switch 401 (micro switch) is fixedly arranged at the position of the inner wall of the end face of the monitoring equipment box 200, which is opposite to the end face of the driving shaft 400, after the box door 201 is closed, the driving shaft 400 moves inwards to be in contact with the in-place switch 401 so as to enable the exhaust fan 402 to be electrically connected with a power supply for starting, exhaust and heat dissipation are carried out in the monitoring equipment box 200, a dustproof ventilation net 206 is fixedly arranged at the ventilation window on one side, which is opposite to the exhaust fan 402, of the monitoring equipment box 200, a cleaning brush 205 for cleaning the surface of the dustproof ventilation net 206 is arranged on the side wall of the monitoring equipment box 200, a third connecting rod 602 is rotatably connected with the bottom of the cleaning brush 205, after the box door 201 is rotatably opened, the driving shaft 400 moves outwards, and drives the third connecting rod 602 to move and rotate on the surface of the dustproof ventilation net 206 so as to achieve dust cleaning operation on the dustproof ventilation net 206.

Further, the cleaning brushes 205 are two and symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom positions of the dustproof ventilation net 206, two ends of the two cleaning brushes 205 are respectively connected with the second connecting rod 600 in a rotating mode, the same end portions of the two adjacent second connecting rods 600 are movably inserted with the T-shaped pins 601, the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box 200 is provided with the guide grooves 603, the end portions of the T-shaped pins 601 are movably inserted with the inner sides of the guide grooves 603 at corresponding positions, the two cleaning brushes 205 are connected by the second connecting rods 600 in cooperation with the T-shaped pins 601, the guide grooves 603 limit the moving direction of the T-shaped pins 601, the cleaning brushes 205 at the bottom position move upwards along with the third connecting rods 602, the T-shaped pins 601 are driven to move outwards in the guide grooves 603, the two cleaning brushes 205 are driven to move in the same direction, synchronous cleaning operation of the dustproof ventilation net 206 is achieved, meanwhile, when the driving shaft 400 is closed along with the box door 201 to move reversely, the two cleaning brushes 205 can be driven to move reversely, blocking of the dustproof ventilation net 206 is avoided, the two cleaning brushes 205 can be arranged, and the problem that the cleaning brushes 205 move a single cleaning brush 205 can be prevented from being moved by a short distance, and the dustproof ventilation net is completely and the problem is avoided.

Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A deformation monitoring system comprising a monitoring system, the system comprising:

the rainfall monitoring subsystem is used for pouring Dan Duntai (100) on monitoring points of landslide bodies in mountain areas, installing a bracket (101) on a stone pier table (100), monitoring rainfall data in the mountain areas through a rainfall meter (102) installed at the top of the bracket (101), and transmitting the monitored rainfall data to a server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network for calculation and analysis;

the GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem comprises a plurality of GNSS settlement monitoring points and a GNSS settlement datum point, wherein the GNSS settlement monitoring points acquire landslide surface displacement data of a mountain area through Beidou satellite positioning coordinates, upload the data to GNSS settlement datum point correction data, and transmit the correction data to a server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network for calculation and analysis;

The video monitoring subsystem is characterized in that a monitoring probe (103) is arranged at the top of a bracket (101) to monitor the deformation of the front edge of a landslide body in a mountain area, and a monitoring video is transmitted to a server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network;

the internal displacement monitoring subsystem monitors the angle change of the vertical straight surface and the horizontal direction of the landslide body in the mountain area through the inclinometer and transmits monitoring data to the server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network;

and the crack monitoring subsystem is used for arranging crack monitoring equipment on a main crack or a crack with larger change of a landslide body in a mountain area to monitor the crack change data and transmitting the crack change data to the server terminal through a wired network or a wireless network.

2. The deformation monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein an audible and visual alarm (104) for danger prompt is fixedly installed on the support (101), in the GNSS displacement monitoring subsystem, a GNSS settlement datum point comprises a Beidou datum station receiver (300) for receiving signals and a monitoring equipment box (200) for storing intelligent operation and maintenance terminals, a vertical upright post pipe (301) is fixedly arranged at the top end of the monitoring equipment box (200) and used for installing and positioning the Beidou datum station receiver (300), a box door (201) capable of being opened and closed in a rotating mode is installed at an opening on the front face of the monitoring equipment box (200), an electronic lock (202) for locking the position between the box door (201) and the monitoring equipment box (200) is installed on the box door (201), a driving shaft (400) capable of moving horizontally back and forth is arranged in the monitoring equipment box (200), and the front end of the driving shaft (400) penetrates the front face of the monitoring equipment box (200) and extends to the outside;

The utility model discloses a stand pipe, stand pipe (301) internal motion is equipped with ejector pin (309), the fixed bed hedgehopping piece (311) that is equipped with in tip of drive shaft (400), one side of bed hedgehopping piece (311) is equipped with direction inclined plane (312), stand pipe (301) inboard top is equipped with the bolt subassembly, and the receipts of bolt subassembly can be driven by the lift of ejector pin (309), big dipper reference station receiver (300) bottom mounting is equipped with can overlap locating pipe box (302) of locating stand pipe (301) outer wall, locating pipe box (302) and stand pipe (301) inner wall all offer with bolt subassembly assorted slot (306).

3. A deformation monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein the plug pin assembly comprises a C-shaped pin (304), a rotatable driving disc (303) is arranged at the top of the inner side of the upright tube (301), a first connecting rod (305) is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the driving disc (303), and the end part of the first connecting rod (305) is rotatably connected with the middle part of the C-shaped pin (304);

one side of the driving disc (303) deviating from the first connecting rod (305) is provided with a transmission gear (307) which rotates coaxially with the driving disc, and the top end of the ejector rod (309) is fixedly provided with a rack plate (308) meshed with the outer wall of the transmission gear (307).

4. The deformation monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein a positioning groove (501) is formed in the back of the box door (201) at a position corresponding to the driving shaft (400), a locking groove (502) is formed in the inner wall of the positioning groove (501), a locking block (500) matched with the locking groove (502) is movably arranged at the end part of the driving shaft (400), the locking block (500) is arranged at the outer wall position of the end part of the driving shaft (400) in a telescopic manner, and a return spring II (503) is arranged at the end part of the locking block (500) at the inner cavity position of the driving shaft (400) and used for driving the automatic shrinkage of the locking block (500);

The outer wall cover of drive shaft (400) is equipped with sliding sleeve (403), the outer wall of sliding sleeve (403) and the inner wall fixed connection of monitoring facilities case (200), the outer wall of drive shaft (400) is fixed to be equipped with limiting plate (404), fixed reset spring (405) that are equipped with between limiting plate (404) and sliding sleeve (403).

5. The deformation monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein a rotatable connecting shaft (504) is arranged inside the driving shaft (400), an elliptical disc (505) is fixedly arranged at the end part, close to the locking block (500), of the connecting shaft (504), a limit groove (510) is formed in the top end of the driving shaft (400), a connecting through hole (511) communicated with the inside of the driving shaft (400) is formed in the bottom of the limit groove (510), a connecting rod (512) is movably arranged in the connecting through hole (511), a cylindrical block (514) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting rod (512), a side lug (513) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting shaft (504), a strip-shaped through hole (515) is formed in the middle of the side lug (513), and the outer wall of the cylindrical block (514) is movably inserted into the inner side of the strip-shaped through hole (515).

6. The deformation monitoring system according to claim 5, wherein the outer wall movable sleeve of the driving shaft (400) is provided with a bearing sleeve (506) matched with the limit groove (510), a limit rod (508) is movably inserted at the top of the bearing sleeve (506), a reset spring III (509) is fixedly connected between the limit rod (508) and the bearing sleeve (506), an electromagnet (507) is arranged right above the reset spring III (509), the electromagnet (507) and the bearing sleeve (506) are fixedly arranged, and the side wall of the bearing sleeve (506) and the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box (200) are fixedly arranged.

7. The deformation monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein ventilation windows are formed on two sides of the monitoring equipment box (200), an exhaust fan (402) is fixedly arranged at a position corresponding to the inner wall of one side of the monitoring equipment box (200) and the ventilation windows, and a in-place switch (401) is fixedly arranged at the position, opposite to the inner wall of the end face of the driving shaft (400), of the monitoring equipment box (200).

8. The deformation monitoring system according to claim 7, wherein a dustproof ventilation net (206) is fixedly arranged at a ventilation window on one side of the monitoring equipment box (200) away from the exhaust fan (402), a cleaning brush (205) for cleaning the surface of the dustproof ventilation net (206) is arranged on the side wall of the monitoring equipment box (200), a third connecting rod (602) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the cleaning brush (205), and the bottom of the third connecting rod (602) is rotatably connected with the side wall of the driving shaft (400).

9. The deformation monitoring system according to claim 8, wherein the cleaning brushes (205) are two and symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom positions of the dustproof ventilation net (206), two ends of each cleaning brush (205) are rotatably connected with a second connecting rod (600), the same end parts of two adjacent second connecting rods (600) are movably inserted with a T-shaped pin (601), the inner wall of the monitoring equipment box (200) is provided with a guiding slot (603), and the end parts of the T-shaped pins (601) are movably inserted with the inner sides of the guiding slots (603) at corresponding positions.

10. The deformation monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein the bottom of the ejector rod (309) is in a U shape, the inner side of the ejector rod is rotatably connected with a roller (310), the section of the upright tube (301) is in an i shape, a guide bar (313) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the top end of the elevating block (311), one end of the guide bar (313) extends to the top end of the driving shaft (400), a solar power generation plate (204) is fixedly arranged at the top of the side wall of the monitoring equipment box (200), a lightning rod (203) is fixedly arranged at the top end of the monitoring equipment box (200), and the bottom end of the lightning rod (203) is connected to the ground through a wire.