CN117430636A - 手性螺环磷酰胺化合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
手性螺环磷酰胺化合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006713 insertion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/657154—Cyclic esteramides of oxyacids of phosphorus
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0255—Phosphorus containing compounds
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- C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
- C07D317/48—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
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- C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种手性螺环磷酰胺化合物及其制备方法和应用。该手性螺环磷酰胺是具有式I所示的化合物,能够通过具有手性螺双二氢茚骨架的磷酰氯与各类胺化合物反应制备。手性螺环磷酰胺化合物的主要特点是可以作为质子转移催化剂,其结构中的P=O作为Lewis碱性位点接受质子,其N‑H作为Lewis酸性位点提供质子,从而完成催化循环。该化合物可以催化重氮酯衍生的卡宾对氮氢键的插入反应,制备手性有机胺化合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,涉及一类手性螺环磷酰胺及其制备方法与应用。本发明提供的手性螺环磷酰胺化合物,可通过具有手性螺双二氢茚骨架的磷酰氯与各类胺反应制备,其主要特征是具有高pKa值并能有效催化手性质子转移反应。该催化剂可催化自由卡宾对氮氢键的不对称插入反应,制备手性有机含氮化合物。
背景技术
手性化合物的一对对映异构体通常表现出不同的生物活性,因而选择性地获得单一构型的手性化合物成为合成化学家普遍关注的问题[Nicolaou,K.C.;Montagnon,T.Molecules that Changed the World;Wiley-VCH,2008]。不对称催化合成因其具有手性增殖、效率高等优点,已经成为获得手性化合物最为有效的方法之一[Jacobsen,E.N.;Pfaltz,A.;Yamamoto,H.Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis I–III Vol.1,Springer,1999]。不对称催化反应的手性诱导来源于手性催化剂,因此发展新型的手性催化剂一直是不对称催化反应研究的重要内容。
在卡宾的不对称插入反应中,手性质子转移催化剂表现出优秀的催化活性及手性诱导效果[Ren,Y.-Y.;Zhu,S.-F.;Zhou,Q.-L.Org.Biomol.Chem.2018,16,3087.;Li,M.-L.,Yu,J.-H.,Li,Y.-H.,Zhu,S.-F,;Zhou,Q.-L.Science.2019,366,990.;Li,M.-L.,Pan,J.-B.;Zhou,Q.-L.Nat.Catal.2022,5,571.]。在过去十多年里,多类手性质子转移催化剂如手性磷酸、手性铜-硫脲络合物及酶分子等被应用于卡宾的不对称插入反应中。化学家们对以上几类手性催化剂的详细研究表明,手性磷酸的pKa值为3~5,手性铜-硫脲络合物的pKa值为8~10,酶分子的pH值为7~8。迄今为止,对于具有高pKa值的手性质子转移催化剂的研究几乎没有报道,这极大的限制了碱性体系下实现手性质子转移反应的发展及应用。因此,发展具有高pKa值的新型手性质子转移催化剂具有重要的意义。
手性有机胺是重要的有机化合物,被广泛地应用于药物合成[T.C.Nugent,ChiralAmine Synthesis:Methods,Developments and Applications(Wiley VCH,2010)]。过渡金属是合成手性胺的常用催化剂。另一方面,近年来,无金属催化反应因其经济、可持续和温和的条件而受到越来越多的关注。最重要的是,在反应中使用无金属催化剂可以避免金属残留物所引起的不确定性。因此,在手性胺的合成中,开发无金属催化剂以取代现有的金属催化剂是非常必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一类新型手性螺环磷酰胺化合物及其制备方法和应用。相对于文献报道的磷酸、铜-硫脲类手性质子转移催化剂,这类手性螺环磷酰胺化合物具有更高的pKa值。就立体结构而言,催化剂的P=O作为Lewis碱性位点可以接受质子,N-H作为Lewis酸性位点提供质子,从而完成催化循环。这类手性螺环磷酰胺化合物骨架刚性强,其形成的质子转移过渡态能有效降低反应中质子转移的能垒并且实现对产物的手性控制。
本发明提供的手性螺环磷酰胺,是具有通式I的化合物。
其中,R1、R2分别独立选自C1~C10的烃基、苯基、取代苯基、2-萘基,所述的苯基上的取代基为C1~C10的烃基、烷氧基、苯基、取代苯基、2-萘基,取代基数量为1~3。
本发明提供手性螺环磷酰胺化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:以旋光活性的含取代基的7,7′-二酚羟基-1,1′-螺双二氢茚类化合物为起始原料,经过下述反应式合成:
根据已知文献,首先合成了各类含取代基的化合物1。在有机溶剂及三氯氧磷存在的条件下,化合物1在反应器中反应12小时制备得到化合物2;在有机溶剂、4-二甲氨基吡啶存在的条件下,化合物2与各类胺反应得到式I所示的化合物。
在上述合成方法中,所述的有机溶剂可为二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、吡啶等中的一种或几种的混合溶剂。
本发明所述的手性螺环磷酰胺的应用,其特征是用于催化卡宾对氮氢键的不对称插入反应,经过下述反应式:
其中:R为苯基、取代苯基、烷基、氢,R1为烷基、苯基、取代苯基及2-萘基,R2为酯基。有机溶剂可为二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、正己烷、苯、取代苯等。
作为优先方案,其特征是在正己烷溶剂中,手性螺环磷酰胺化合物I为催化剂,苯胺为反应试剂,在光照条件下将重氮化合物溶液滴加至反应体系中就可得到高对映选择性的手性胺类化合物。
作为更进一步的优先方案,手性磷酰胺化合物选自如下化合物:
本发明提供的手性螺环磷酰胺化合物,这类化合物主要特点是具有较高pKa值,能耐受碱性环境。其主要结构特征是催化剂的P=O作为Lewis碱性位点可以接受质子,其N-H作为Lewis酸性位点提供质子,从而完成催化循环。该化合物可以催化芳基、烷基重氮酯衍生的卡宾对芳香胺、脂肪胺和氨气的氮氢键的插入反应,高对映选择性地得到手性胺类化合物。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施实例对本发明作进一步详细、完整的说明,列出的实施实例将有助于理解本发明,但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例,凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
一般说明:
实施实例中使用了缩写,其含义如下:
Me是甲基,tBu是叔丁基,Ph是苯基,Bn为苄基,DMAP是4-二甲氨基吡啶,DCM是二氯甲烷,PE是石油醚,EA是乙酸乙酯。TLC是薄层色谱,NMR是核磁共振,HRMS是高分辨质谱。
所用溶剂在使用前用标准方法提纯、干燥;所用试剂均为市售或按照已有文献方法合成得到,并在使用前提纯。
实施例1:
(R)-6,6′-二苯基-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰苯胺(Ia)的合成
在装有磁力搅拌子的10mL干燥的Schlenk管中加入化合物1a(404mg 1.0mmol)。将体系置换为氩气氛围,用注射器加入干燥的吡啶(3mL),搅拌均匀。将体系置于冰水浴下冷却至0℃,用注射器缓慢往体系中滴加三氯氧磷(302mg,2.0mmol)。滴加完毕后将体系转移至油浴中加热至80℃反应10小时,TLC监测反应完全。冷却至室温,添加过量稀盐酸中和,用二氯甲烷提取混合物中有机相。用旋转蒸发仪脱除溶剂得到化合物2a,粗品2a无需进一步纯化,直接用于下一步反应。
装有磁力搅拌子的10mL干燥的Schlenk管中加入2a,添加DMAP(147mg,1.2mmol)后,将体系置换为氩气氛围。之后往体系中添加PhNH2(3mL)充当反应物及溶剂。将体系在90℃下搅拌12小时,TLC监测反应完全。反应体系用冰浴冷却,添加过量的盐酸。用DCM(20mL×3)提取混合物,合并有机相并用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。抽滤,脱溶后通过硅胶柱色谱法(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5:1)纯化,得到487mg白色固体Ia,收率90%,TLC:Rf=0.27(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:118–120℃,[α]D 25=+420(c 0.2,CHCl3)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.66–7.55(m,2H),7.52–7.45(m,2H),7.43–7.27(m,7H),7.24–7.14(m,3H),6.93–6.59(m,3H),6.02–5.72(m,2H),4.25(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),3.39–3.05(m,2H),3.06–2.79(m,2H),2.52–2.07(m,4H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ146.7,145.0,143.1,143.0,141.5,141.4,140.7,140.6,138.3,138.1,136.4,136.1,132.6,130.8,130.4,130.3,129.7,129.1,128.8,128.3,128.2,127.1,123.2,122.8,121.5,117.4,117.3,60.2,39.3,38.3,30.3.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-7.9.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C35H28NO3P,M+H]+:542.1880;Found:542.1885.
实施例2:
(R)-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰苯胺(Ib)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率94%,TLC:Rf=0.33(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:129–131℃,[α]D 25+150(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )
δ7.30–7.22(m,3H),7.17(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.15–7.09(m,2H),7.09–7.04(m,3H),7.02(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.67(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.88(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.11(td,J=11.0,5.8Hz,2H),2.85(dd,J=16.3,7.8Hz,2H),2.32(dd,J=12.1,6.3Hz,1H),2.26(dd,J=12.0,6.3Hz,1H),2.11–1.97(m,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3 )
δ146.8,146.6,146.3,146.2,143.5,143.4,139.8,139.7,139.6,138.5,129.4,128.9,128.7,123.2,122.7,122.6,121.9,120.9,118.4,118.3,59.2,38.4,38.3,30.6.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3 )
δ-5.9.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C23H20NO3P,M+Na]+:412.1073;Found:412.1078.
实施例3:
(R)-6,6′-二甲基-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰苯胺(Ic)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率82%,TLC:Rf=0.40(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:115–117℃。[α]D 25+304(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )
δ7.15(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.11(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.03(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=8.6Hz,3H),6.91(t,J=8.6Hz,2H),5.15(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.04(qd,J=15.0,14.6,6.5Hz,2H),2.80(td,J=15.9,7.9Hz,2H),2.44(s,3H),2.26(dd,J=12.0,6.3Hz,1H),2.18(dd,J=12.0,6.3Hz,1H),2.10(s,3H),2.08–1.96(m,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3 )
δ144.1,144.0,143.7,143.5,142.5,139.9,139.5,139.0,130.7,130.5,130.2,129.4,129.1,122.5,122.2,118.1,59.6,38.7,38.4,30.1,16.7,16.1.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3 )
δ-7.2.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C25H24NO3P,M+Na]+:440.1386;Found:440.1390.
实施例4:
(R)-6,6′-二(4-苯基苯基)-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰苯胺(Id)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率85%,TLC:Rf=0.28(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:159–161℃。[α]D 25+454(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.66–7.51(m,12H),7.42(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.38–7.29(m,4H),7.28–7.21(m,2H),6.69(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.60(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.97(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),4.37(d,J=9.7Hz,1H),3.17(ddd,J=17.2,9.9,5.2Hz,2H),3.03–2.87(m,2H),2.50–2.27(m,3H),2.23(td,J=11.8,8.2Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ146.7,145.2,143.2,143.1,141.4,141.3,140.9,140.8,140.7,140.3,139.8,138.1,137.4,135.7,135.3,132.4,130.7,130.6,130.3,130.1,128.8,128.8,127.7,127.5,127.2,127.1,126.8,123.2,122.9,121.6,117.4,60.3,39.3,38.4,30.4.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-7.8.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C47H36NO3P,M+Na]+:716.2325;Found:716.2330.
实施例5:
(R)-6,6′-二(3,5-二甲基苯基)-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰苯胺(Ie)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率81%,TLC:Rf=0.32(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:187–189℃。[α]D 25+385(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.36–7.31(m,1H),7.28–7.23(m,3H),7.18(dd,J=18.5,7.5Hz,2H),7.11(d,J=6.2Hz,2H),7.02(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),6.97(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),6.81(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.73(q,J=7.3,6.8Hz,1H),5.84(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),4.46(t,J=8.9Hz,1H),3.23–3.07(m,2H),2.92(dt,J=16.1,8.2Hz,2H),2.39–2.29(m,9H),2.29–2.24(m,6H),2.22–2.15(m,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ146.7,144.7,143.2,141.5,140.6,140.5,138.9,138.4,138.3,137.6,136.5,136.3,132.6,130.6,130.3,130.0,128.9,128.8,128.2,127.7,123.0,122.7,121.5,117.0,116.9,60.2,39.5,38.1,30.3,21.4,21.3.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-7.6.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C39H36NO3P,M+Na]+:620.2325;Found:620.2330.
实施例6:
(R)-6,6′-二(2-萘基)-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰苯胺(If)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率92%,TLC:Rf=0.30(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:158–160℃。[α]D 25+456(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ8.01(s,1H),7.93(s,1H),7.87–7.79(m,3H),7.76(dd,J=6.4,3.7Hz,2H),7.71(dd,J=13.0,8.4Hz,2H),7.64–7.58(m,1H),7.48–7.38(m,5H),7.37(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.30–7.21(m,2H),6.34(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.08(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),5.52(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),4.25(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),3.20(dtd,J=17.6,10.8,6.6Hz,2H),2.98(dt,J=16.1,7.0Hz,2H),2.40(tdd,J=21.9,15.8,9.1Hz,3H),2.27(td,J=11.7,8.0Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ146.9,145.2,143.4,143.3,141.6,141.6,140.8,140.7,137.6,136.1,135.8,133.9,133.4,133.2,132.7,132.7,132.5,130.9,130.6,129.1,128.8,128.6,128.4,128.3,128.1,127.7,127.6,127.3,126.6,125.9,123.2,122.9,121.3,116.9,116.8,60.3,39.4,38.4,30.4.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-7.7.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C43H32NO3P,M+H]+:642.2193;Found:642.2198.
实施例7:
(R)-6,6′-二(4-甲基苯基)-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰苯胺(Ig)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率95%,TLC:Rf=0.33(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:208–210℃。[α]D 25+368(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.48(dd,J=7.9,4.3Hz,2H),7.37(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),7.31(dd,J=7.7,3.5Hz,1H),7.27–7.23(m,1H),7.22–7.11(m,6H),6.80(q,J=6.7Hz,2H),6.73(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),5.91(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),4.33(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),3.26–3.06(m,2H),2.92(dt,J=16.2,8.0Hz,2H),2.48–2.22(m,9H),2.18(q,J=11.0Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)
δ146.4,144.8,143.2,143.1,141.5,141.4,140.6,138.3,138.2,136.5,136.1,136.0,135.5,133.4,132.6,130.7,130.2,129.8,129.6,128.9,128.6,123.0,122.7,121.4,117.4,60.2,39.3,38.3,30.3,21.3,21.2.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-7.9.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C37H32NO3P,M+H]+:570.2193;Found:570.2196.
实施例8:
(R)-6,6′-二(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰苯胺(Ih)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率79%,TLC:Rf=0.38(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:245–247℃。[α]D 25+364(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.57(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.43(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.38(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.35(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=10.9Hz,1H),7.19(dd,J=14.5,7.6Hz,2H),6.81(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.71(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.94(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),4.26(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),3.14(ddt,J=17.6,13.0,6.7Hz,2H),2.92(ddd,J=16.3,7.9,2.5Hz,2H),2.36(ddd,J=18.1,12.1,6.4Hz,2H),2.28(q,J=11.5Hz,1H),2.20(td,J=11.5,8.4Hz,1H),1.34(s,9H),1.29(s,9H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ151.4,149.6,146.4,144.8,143.2,141.6,141.5,140.7,140.5,138.2,136.0,135.9,135.6,133.4,132.3,131.2,130.2,129.9,129.5,128.7,126.1,125.0,123.1,122.8,121.6,117.9,117.8,60.3,39.2,38.4,34.6,31.5,31.3,30.3.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-7.5.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C43H44NO3P,M+H]+:654.3132;Found:654.3134.
实施例9:
(R)-6,6′-二(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰苯胺(Ii)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率90%,TLC:Rf=0.31(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:139–141℃。[α]D 25+334(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.52(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.29(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),7.18(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),6.90(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),6.83(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.73(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.93(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),4.36(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),3.83(s,3H),3.78(s,3H),3.14(dtd,J=18.7,12.6,12.1,6.4Hz,2H),2.92(dt,J=16.7,8.7Hz,2H),2.35(ddd,J=14.7,12.1,6.4Hz,2H),2.28(q,J=11.6Hz,1H),2.18(tt,J=11.4,5.0Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ159.6,158.8,146.1,144.7,143.1,141.5,140.6,138.2,135.7,132.2,131.4,130.9,130.8,130.7,130.0,128.7,128.6,123.1,122.7,121.5,117.3,114.5,113.6,60.3,55.3,55.2,39.3,38.2,31.6,30.3,22.7,14.1.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-7.9.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C37H32NO5P,M+H]+:602.2091;Found:602.2096.
实施例10:
(R)-6,6′-二苯基-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰(3,5-二三氟甲基)苯胺(Ij)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率73%,TLC:Rf=0.20(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:144–146℃。[α]D 25+400(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.45(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.32(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.28–7.22(m,6H),7.20(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.17–7.07(m,5H),6.67(s,2H),4.77(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),3.16(dtd,J=17.7,11.4,6.4Hz,2H),2.96(dd,J=16.3,7.9Hz,2H),2.43(dd,J=12.2,6.4Hz,1H),2.37(dd,J=12.2,6.4Hz,1H),2.25(tt,J=20.5,10.6Hz,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ146.4,146.3,145.6,142.1,140.9,140.8,140.5,140.4,140.2,140.1,140.0,137.6,136.1,135.5,133.5,132.1,131.8,131.6,131.4,130.8,130.2,129.5,129.1,128.3,128.0,127.7,127.2,123.9,123.5,122.1,117.4,115.3,60.2,39.1,38.6,30.3.
31P
NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-10.0.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)
δ-62.9.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C37H26F6NO3P,M+Na]+:700.1447;Found:700.1450.
实施例11:
(R)-6,6′-二苯基-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰(4-三氟甲基)苯胺(Ik)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率80%,TLC:Rf=0.23(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:134–136℃。[α]D 25+300(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.53(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.47(dd,J=6.5,2.9Hz,2H),7.40–7.35(m,3H),7.33(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),7.28(dd,J=7.6,3.3Hz,2H),7.23(t,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.03(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),5.97(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),4.52(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),3.16(ddt,J=16.1,10.4,5.2Hz,2H),2.95(dt,J=15.8,7.5Hz,2H),2.38(ddd,J=19.8,12.1,6.5Hz,2H),2.29(q,J=11.6Hz,1H),2.19(td,J=11.9,8.4Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ145.8,144.1,141.9,141.8,140.5,139.9,139.6,139.5,137.1,135.2,135.0,134.9,131.6,129.8,129.5,129.2,128.6,128.0,127.3,127.2,126.2,125.1,122.3,122.1,115.9,115.8,59.2,38.3,37.3,29.3.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-8.9.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)
δ-62.0.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C36H27F3NO3P,M+H]+:610.1753;Found:610.1758.
实施例12:
(R)-6,6′-二苯基-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰(4-氟)苯胺(Il)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率85%,TLC:Rf=0.26(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:134–136℃。[α]D 25+398(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.59(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.46(dd,J=6.6,2.9Hz,2H),7.39(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.37–7.29(m,5H),7.26(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.22(dd,J=15.5,7.7Hz,2H),6.50(t,J=8.5Hz,2H),5.80(dd,J=8.9,4.5Hz,2H),4.20(d,J=9.7Hz,1H),3.16(dtd,J=16.8,10.4,6.9Hz,2H),2.94(dt,J=15.8,7.6Hz,2H),2.37(ddd,J=18.0,12.1,6.4Hz,2H),2.29(q,J=11.5Hz,1H),2.19(td,J=11.9,8.6Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ158.8,157.2,146.8,145.1,143.1,143.0,141.3,140.6,140.5,138.3,136.5,136.0,134.1,132.6,132.5,130.7,130.4,130.3,129.7,129.1,128.3,128.2,127.1,123.2,122.9,119.0,118.9,115.5,115.3,60.2,39.4,38.2,30.3.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-7.7.
19F NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-122.4.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C35H27FNO3P,M+H]+:560.1785;Found:560.1789.
实施例13:
(R)-6,6′-二苯基-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰(4-甲基)苯胺(Im)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率81%,TLC:Rf=0.36(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:121–123℃。[α]D 25+328(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.59(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.47(dd,J=6.6,2.9Hz,2H),7.40–7.27(m,8H),7.20(dd,J=12.8,7.7Hz,2H),6.61(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),5.75(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),4.15(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),3.23–3.06(m,2H),2.93(ddd,J=16.3,8.0,3.1Hz,2H),2.37(ddd,J=17.7,12.1,6.5Hz,2H),2.29(dd,J=11.5,8.3Hz,1H),2.19(q,J=11.4Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ146.7,145.0,143.1,141.5,140.7,140.6,140.5,138.3,136.5,136.1,135.4,132.7,132.6,131.0,130.7,130.3,129.8,129.3,129.1,128.2,128.1,127.0,123.0,122.7,117.6,60.2,39.3,38.3,30.3,20.5.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-7.5.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C36H30NO3P,M+H]+:556.2036;Found:556.2039.
实施例14:
(R)-6,6′-二苯基-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰胺(In)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率89%,TLC:Rf=0.30(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:154–156℃。[α]D 25+470(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.53(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.33(dt,J=16.0,7.5Hz,5H),7.30–7.23(m,3H),7.21(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),3.14(ddt,J=16.9,11.6,6.1Hz,2H),2.91(ddd,J=16.1,7.9,5.8Hz,2H),2.36(ddd,J=23.7,12.1,6.5Hz,2H),2.24(td,J=11.3,7.7Hz,1H),2.16(td,J=11.5,11.0,8.0Hz,1H),1.98(d,J=5.6Hz,2H).
13C
NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ146.1,145.3,143.2,143.1,141.3,141.2,141.0,140.7,140.6,138.1,137.5,135.5,133.8,133.7,130.4,129.9,129.8,129.5,128.6,127.8,127.5,127.0,122.8,122.7,60.1,38.9,38.5,30.4.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-0.2.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C29H24NO3P,M+H]+:466.1567;Found:466.1570.
实施例15:
(R)-6,6′-二(3,5-二甲基苯基)-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰胺(Io)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率74%,TLC:Rf=0.39(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:164–166℃。[α]D 25+398(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.34(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.21–7.14(m,4H),7.12(s,2H),6.89(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),3.13(ddt,J=16.8,11.2,5.6Hz,2H),2.90(ddd,J=16.1,7.9,5.7Hz,2H),2.41–2.10(m,16H),2.01(d,J=5.0Hz,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ145.8,145.0,143.3,143.2,141.2,141.0,140.7,138.2,137.9,137.3,137.1,135.7,133.9,133.8,130.3,129.9,129.1,128.6,127.6,127.3,122.7,122.6,60.1,38.9,38.4,30.4,21.3.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ0.0.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C33H32NO3P,M+H]+:522.2193;Found:522.2197.
实施例16:
(R)-6,6′-二苯基-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰(三氟乙基)胺(Ip)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率79%,TLC:Rf=0.19(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:157–159℃。[α]D 25+396(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.58(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.39(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),7.35–7.27(m,4H),7.25–7.19(m,3H),3.15(ddd,J=17.4,11.4,6.5Hz,2H),2.92(dt,J=16.7,8.7Hz,2H),2.81–2.60(m,1H),2.36(ddd,J=28.3,12.2,6.4Hz,2H),2.28–2.12(m,3H),2.05(ddt,J=15.0,9.1,4.5Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ146.5,145.3,142.7,142.6,141.2,140.9,140.4,137.6,137.1,135.6,135.5,133.2,130.4,129.9,129.7,129.3,128.8,127.9,127.7,127.1,123.1,60.1,42.3,42.1,41.8,41.6,38.9,38.5,30.4.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-3.2.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)
δ-74.6.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C31H25F3NO3P,M+H]+:548.1597;Found:548.1601.
实施例17:
(R)-6,6′-二苯基-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰(苯乙基)胺(Iq)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率93%,TLC:Rf=0.34(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:102–104℃。[α]D 25+364(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.61(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.49(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.41–7.33(m,5H),7.32–7.25(m,3H),7.20(dd,J=12.5,7.7Hz,2H),7.17–7.11(m,3H),6.74(t,J=3.7Hz,2H).3.36(ddd,J=15.1,10.6,8.3Hz,1H),3.14(ddd,J=17.1,11.2,6.4Hz,2H),2.91(ddd,J=16.2,7.9,3.2Hz,2H),2.77(ddd,J=15.3,9.8,5.7Hz,1H),2.35(ddd,J=23.1,12.1,6.5Hz,2H),2.30–2.20(m,1H),2.18–2.10(m,1H),2.06(dq,J=13.5,6.8,6.2Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ146.0,145.3,143.1,143.0,141.4,141.3,140.7,140.6,139.4,139.3,138.2,137.4,135.7,133.6,130.3,130.0,129.8,129.4,128.6,128.2,127.8,127.4,127.1,127.0,126.9,122.7,122.6,60.0,44.1,38.9,38.5,30.4,30.3.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-1.8.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C36H30NO3P,M+H]+:556.2036;Found:556.2038.
实施例18:
(R)-6,6′-二苯基-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰丙胺(Ir)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率85%,TLC:Rf=0.35(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:112–114℃。[α]D 25+464(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.58(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.35(t,J=7.7Hz,3H),7.33–7.27(m,3H),7.27–7.21(m,2H),7.18(dd,J=13.0,7.7Hz,2H),3.13(ddd,J=17.0,11.2,6.4Hz,2H),2.90(dt,J=15.4,7.2Hz,2H),2.37(dd,J=12.1,6.4Hz,1H),2.32(dd,J=12.1,6.4Hz,1H),2.27–2.20(m,1H),2.19–2.11(m,1H),2.11–2.03(m,1H),1.79(ddt,J=17.4,13.3,6.7Hz,1H),1.65(dt,J=13.2,6.9Hz,1H),0.93(qd,J=7.1,2.9Hz,2H),0.50(t,J=7.4Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ146.0,145.2,143.2,141.5,141.4,141.2,140.7,138.2,137.4,135.6,133.6,133.5,130.2,129.9,129.8,129.4,128.5,127.7,127.4,126.8,122.6,122.5,60.0,42.5,39.0,38.4,30.4,24.6,24.5,10.6.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-1.0.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C32H30NO3P,M+Na]+:530.1856;Found:530.1858.
实施例19:
(R)-6,6′-二(4-甲基苯基)-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰(4-三氟甲基苯基)胺(Is)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率81%,TLC:Rf=0.25(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:251–253℃。[α]D 25+348(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.38(dd,J=15.0,7.8Hz,4H),7.28(dd,J=13.3,7.6Hz,2H),7.23–7.14(m,4H),7.10(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.02(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),6.03(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.59(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),3.14(tt,J=16.8,7.2Hz,2H),2.91(ddd,J=16.7,9.9,7.8Hz,2H),2.45–2.21(m,9H),2.16(td,J=11.5,7.8Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ146.5,145.0,144.9,143.0,142.9,141.8,141.0,140.6,138.3,136.8,136.0,135.9,135.3,133.3,132.7,130.8,130.4,130.1,129.8,129.5,129.0,125.9,125.7,123.4,123.3,123.1,123.0,117.0,116.9,60.3,39.4,38.3,30.4,21.2,21.1.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-8.9.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)
δ-61.9.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C38H31F3NO3P,M+H]+:638.2066;Found:638.2071.
实施例20:
(R)-6,6′-二(4-甲基苯基)-1,1′-螺双二氢茚-7,7′-磷酰(4-甲氧基苯基)胺(It)的合成
具体操作参考实例1。
白色固体,收率73%,TLC:Rf=0.24(PE/EA=3:1,v/v),熔点:130–133℃。[α]D 25+328(c 0.2,CHCl3).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ7.48(dd,J=7.7,2.7Hz,2H),7.35(dd,J=8.0,2.7Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.21–7.12(m,6H),6.37(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),5.85(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),4.10(dd,J=10.2,3.7Hz,1H),3.67(s,3H),3.21–3.03(m,2H),2.99–2.86(m,2H),2.49–2.24(m,9H),2.17(q,J=11.6,11.2Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)
δ154.6,146.4,144.8,143.2,141.6,141.5,140.7,140.6,138.1,136.4,136.0,135.5,133.6,132.6,131.4,130.6,130.2,130.1,129.8,129.6,128.8,123.0,122.7,119.3,114.0,60.2,55.4,39.3,38.2,31.6,30.3,22.7,21.3,21.2,14.2.
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)
δ-7.2.
HRMS(ESI)
Calcd for[C38H34NO4P,M+H]+:600.2298;Found:600.2301.
实施例21:
手性螺环磷酰胺化合物催化卡宾对胺氮氢键的不对称插入反应
在氩气氛围下,将手性螺环磷酰胺催化剂Is(2mol%)和芳基重氮乙酸酯(0.1mmol)及芳胺(0.3mmol)加入干燥的25mL Schlenk管中,用注射器往体系中添加8mL正己烷充当溶剂。将体系放置于440nm波长光照射下搅拌反应。待重氮化合物颜色褪去,减压脱溶,硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=20:1,v/v)得到目标产物,称重计算收率。使用高效液相色谱分析目标产物的光学纯度。各种重氮化合物和胺反应所得实验结果见表1。
当R基团为H或者苄基时,改变反应溶剂为甲苯,反应也可以在手性螺环磷酰胺Ia催化下取得中等的收率和对映选择性,反应操作同上。所得实验结果见表1末尾。
表1.手性螺环磷酰胺Is催化卡宾对胺氮氢键的不对称插入反应
a反应所用催化剂为Ia。
Claims (5)
1.一种手性螺环磷酸磷酰胺化合物,是具有通式I的化合物。
其中,R1、R2分别独立选自C1~C10的烃基、苯基、取代苯基、2-萘基,所述的苯基上的取代基为C1~C10的烃基、烷氧基、苯基、取代苯基、2-萘基,取代基数量为1~3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的手性螺环磷酰胺化合物,其特征在于它选自如下化合物。
3.根据权利要求1和2所述的手性螺环磷酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于:根据以往文献,首先合成各类含取代基的7,7′-二酚羟基-1,1′-螺双二氢茚类化合物,再以此为原料,经过下述反应式:
其中:R1、R2如权利要求1所定义。
根据已知文献,首先合成了各类含取代基的化合物1。在有机溶剂及三氯氧磷存在的条件下,化合物1在反应器中反应12小时制备得到化合物2;在有机溶剂、4-二甲氨基吡啶存在的条件下,化合物2与各类胺反应得到化合物I。
在上述合成方法中,所述的有机溶剂可为二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、吡啶等中的一种或几种的混合溶剂。
4.根据权利要求1和2中所述的手性螺环磷酰胺化合物的应用,其特征是用于催化卡宾对氮氢键的不对称插入反应。
5.根据权利要求4中所述的应用,其特征是在有机溶剂中,以权利要求1所述的具有通式I的化合物为手性催化剂,催化卡宾对氮氢键对映选择性插入,并获得手性有机胺化合物。
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