CN117430539A - 一种内酰胺的制备方法和得到的产品 - Google Patents
一种内酰胺的制备方法和得到的产品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117430539A CN117430539A CN202210837417.8A CN202210837417A CN117430539A CN 117430539 A CN117430539 A CN 117430539A CN 202210837417 A CN202210837417 A CN 202210837417A CN 117430539 A CN117430539 A CN 117430539A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- lactam
- aminocarboxylate
- preparation
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 amino carboxylic ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BOWUOGIPSRVRSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminohexano-6-lactam Chemical group NC1CCCCNC1=O BOWUOGIPSRVRSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005133 alkynyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006528 (C2-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- CSSWKUCQEKKMAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamic acid;carbonic acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O.OC(O)=O CSSWKUCQEKKMAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XNRHTMDHGDWBGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamic acid;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NC(O)=O XNRHTMDHGDWBGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QCZWTRLFRHJDBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamic acid;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O.O[N+]([O-])=O QCZWTRLFRHJDBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZNHJHNVKZCADIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamic acid;sulfuric acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O ZNHJHNVKZCADIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- KPNBUPJZFJCCIQ-LURJTMIESA-N methyl L-lysinate Chemical group COC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN KPNBUPJZFJCCIQ-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- OLYPWXRMOFUVGH-LURJTMIESA-N N(2)-methyl-L-lysine Chemical compound CN[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN OLYPWXRMOFUVGH-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YEJSPQZHMWGIGP-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-glutamic acid, dimethyl ester Chemical compound COC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)OC YEJSPQZHMWGIGP-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- YEJSPQZHMWGIGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-glutamic acid dimethyl ester Natural products COC(=O)CCC(N)C(=O)OC YEJSPQZHMWGIGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXSBWGSJFSEIED-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-aminobutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(N)CC KXSBWGSJFSEIED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- NXLWJLAACOWDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-aminoheptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(N)C(=O)OC NXLWJLAACOWDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006237 Beckmann rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ON WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQGPKMSGXAUKHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-pyroglutamic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C1CCC(=O)N1 HQGPKMSGXAUKHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEZUQRBDRNJBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone oxime Chemical compound ON=C1CCCCC1 VEZUQRBDRNJBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOLURLQNLRYBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-aminohexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(N)C(=O)OCC NOLURLQNLRYBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- HQGPKMSGXAUKHT-BYPYZUCNSA-N methyl (2s)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H]1CCC(=O)N1 HQGPKMSGXAUKHT-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZRWQPFBXDVLAH-YFKPBYRVSA-N (2s)-5-amino-2-(methylamino)pentanoic acid Chemical compound CN[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCN OZRWQPFBXDVLAH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCCMTCQQDULIFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminopiperidine-2-one Chemical compound NC1CCCNC1=O YCCMTCQQDULIFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229930186147 Cephalosporin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000006085 Schmidt reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940113721 aminocaproate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940124350 antibacterial drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CJYXCQLOZNIMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azocan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCN1 CJYXCQLOZNIMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003782 beta lactam antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229940124587 cephalosporin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001780 cephalosporins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003997 cyclic ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010644 ester aminolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010812 external standard method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JUINSXZKUKVTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen azide Chemical compound N=[N+]=[N-] JUINSXZKUKVTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXAVQPASFYJDEM-YFKPBYRVSA-N methyl (2s)-2,5-diaminopentanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN AXAVQPASFYJDEM-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002960 penicillins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002132 β-lactam antibiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124586 β-lactam antibiotics Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
- C07D207/273—2-Pyrrolidones with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/277—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D207/28—2-Pyrrolidone-5- carboxylic acids; Functional derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, nitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D201/00—Preparation, separation, purification or stabilisation of unsubstituted lactams
- C07D201/02—Preparation of lactams
- C07D201/08—Preparation of lactams from carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. hydroxy carboxylic acids, lactones or nitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D205/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D205/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D205/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D205/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with one oxygen atom directly attached in position 2, e.g. beta-lactams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
- C07D207/273—2-Pyrrolidones with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/68—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
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Abstract
本公开涉及一种化合物合成方法。一种内酰胺的制备方法和得到的产品,氨基羧酸酯与反应溶剂混合得到反应液,在惰性气体保护下,在温度为50℃~400℃、压力为1~5MPa的条件下发生氨酯交换反应生成内酰胺,反应产物脱除溶剂后得到内酰胺产品。本发明提供的内酰胺制备方法无需催化剂,简单高效,且产品产率高,可广泛用于化工材料技术领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效合成内酰胺的方法。该制备方法属于酯胺解反应,即氨基羧酸酯化合物在高温下发生氨酯交换反应,分子内成环形成内酰胺类化合物。
背景技术
酰胺类化合物是重要的基本化学品,被广泛应用在材料、农药、医药、生命等领域中。其中,内酰胺作为非常关键的杂环化合物,能够作为溶剂或高分子聚合的单体,应用于各类抗菌药物及功能材料的合成与制备中。例如,临床应用最为广泛的β-内酰胺类抗生素(包括最常见的青霉素与头孢菌素等)就具有活性必需的内酰胺核心骨架。酰胺化合物的有效制备是合成有机化学的基石,因此,开发内酰胺的新型合成工艺至关重要。
内酰胺可通过多种方法合成。方法一:肟在酸催化下发生Beckmann重排反应。例如,己内酰胺的制备通常是环己酮与硫酸氢盐或羟胺盐酸盐反应形成环己酮肟,使用浓硫酸或发烟硫酸为催化剂,通过Beckmann重排法将其转换成己内酰胺。虽然使用浓硫酸或发烟硫酸作催化剂具有很高的选择性,但会造成反应设备腐蚀、副产大量硫酸铵副产物等问题。
方法二:环酮与叠氮酸发生Schmidt反应。例如,以α-卤代己内酰胺为原料与叠氮化钠反应制备氨基己内酰胺(Helv.Chim.Acta,1958,41,181-188)。反应介质必须具有较强的酸性才能获得较高的产率,且反应中所使用的叠氮试剂在酸性条件下会生成易挥发的、剧毒性的叠氮酸。文献报道了利用硝基甲烷为氮源来替代叠氮试剂的酰胺制备新路径(Science,2019,367,281-285),环己酮可以被高效的转化为制备尼龙6的单体己内酰胺,但反应需要使用比较昂贵的三氟甲磺酸酐试剂,限制了工业化生产。
方法三:氨基酸环化。例如,赖氨酸环化形成七元环的氨基己内酰胺。文献Synthesis,1978,614-616、Tetrahedron Lett.,1980,21,2443-2446中均报道了在甲苯中使用过量氧化铝或硅胶作为催化剂和吸附剂制备氨基己内酰胺的方法;此外,由赖氨酸在超临界水中环化也是得到氨基己内酰胺的一条路径(J.Chem.Eng.Jpn.,2004,37,353-356),但这些合成方法产率较低,耗时较长。CN101006051B公开了赖氨酸在多碳醇中回流来完成环化反应的方法,但同时需要借助分水器不断除去反应过程中生成的水。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种制备内酰胺的方法。该方法工艺路线简单,反应快速,无需催化剂,产品收率高。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的内酰胺的制备方法,氨基羧酸酯与反应溶剂混合得到反应液,在惰性气体保护下,在温度为50℃~400℃、压力为1~5MPa的条件下发生氨酯交换反应生成内酰胺,反应产物脱除溶剂后得到内酰胺产品;所述的氨基羧酸酯的结构式如式I所示:
其中:n为0~10的整数;R1、R2各自独立地选自氢、取代或未取代的烷基、环烷基、氨基、羟基、烯基、炔基、芳基、卤素、杂环基、杂芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、烯氧基或炔氧基;R3为C1~C12烷基;
所述的内酰胺的结构式如式II所示:
其中:R为C2~C10烷基,其任选地可被烷基、环烷基、氨基、羟基、烯基、炔基、芳基、卤素、杂环基、杂芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、烯氧基或炔氧基中的至少一种取代。
本发明提供的内酰胺的制备方法制备得到的内酰胺产品。
本发明提供一种内酰胺的制备方法的有益效果:
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的制备方法合成路线简单,操作简便,反应高效,无需催化剂,所得内酰胺纯度较高,产率较高,易于分离和提纯。
具体实施方式
以下详细说明本发明的具有实施方式。本申请中涉及的到压力均为表压。
一种内酰胺的制备方法,氨基羧酸酯与反应溶剂混合得到反应液,在惰性气体保护下,在温度为50℃~400℃、压力为1~5MPa的条件下发生氨酯交换反应生成内酰胺,反应产物脱除溶剂后得到内酰胺产品;所述的氨基羧酸酯的结构式如式I所示:
其中:n为0~10的整数,优选n为0、1、2、3、4;R1、R2各自独立地选自氢、取代或未取代的烷基、环烷基、氨基、羟基、烯基、炔基、芳基、卤素、杂环基、杂芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、烯氧基或炔氧基;R3为C1~C12烷基、优选R3为C1~C4烷基,即具有1~4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,例如可为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基或者异丁基;
所述的内酰胺的结构式如式II所示:
其中:R为C2~C10烷基,其任选地可被烷基、环烷基、氨基、羟基、烯基、炔基、芳基、卤素、杂环基、杂芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、烯氧基或炔氧基中的至少一种取代。优选地,R为C2~C6烷基。
本发明提供的方法中,所述的反应溶剂为有机溶剂或有机溶剂与水的混合溶剂,所述的反应液中,水的含量为0~50wt%;
优选地,所述的有机溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇,仲丁醇,叔丁醇、戊醇、己醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、二氧六环和二甲基亚砜中的至少一种;
优选地,所述的有机溶剂为氨基羧酸酯对应的醇。
本发明提供的方法中,所述的氨基羧酸酯在反应液中的浓度为0.01wt%~50wt%、优选1wt%~10wt%、更优选5wt%-8wt%。反应溶剂的量使得所述的反应液呈溶液或能够搅拌即可。
本发明提供的方法中,反应温度优选为150℃~300℃、更优选160℃~200℃;反应压力优选为1~5MPa、更优选为1.5~5MPa。
本发明提供的方法中,氨酯交换反应的反应时间为10min~5h、优选为20min~3h、更优选20-40min。
本发明提供的方法中,所述的氨基羧酸酯包括氨基羧酸酯、与无机酸结合的形式存在的氨基羧酸酯和氨基羧酸酯的水合物。其中,当所述的氨基羧酸酯以与无机酸结合的形式存在时,即以氨基羧酸酯盐酸盐、氨基羧酸酯硫酸盐、氨基羧酸酯硝酸盐、氨基羧酸酯碳酸盐的形式存在时,先加入化学计量的碱溶液中和,然后再与反应溶剂混合反应。所述的碱溶液可以为氢氧化钠水溶液。
本发明提供的方法中,内酰胺的制备方法结束后,反应产物中含有内酰胺产物和微量寡聚物,可通过后处理进一步纯化产物。所述的后处理优选包括:冷却反应体系,减压蒸去溶剂,粗产物用重结晶溶剂加热溶解,趁热除去杂质或加入不良溶剂,冷却后,过滤后取固体即为纯化的目标产物。
上述任一项所述的内酰胺的制备方法得到的内酰胺产品。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但这些实施例并不对本发明的内容构成限制。
实施例中所使用的试剂:谷氨酸二甲酯、赖氨酸甲酯、鸟氨酸甲酯、氨基己酸乙酯、氨基庚酸甲酯、氨基丁酸乙酯、天冬酰胺叔丁酯均为市售产品。
反应后反应液中内酰胺的含量由气相色谱法分析,采用外标法定量。
收率计算公式:
内酰胺生成量=反应液中内酰胺含量×反应液的质量。
内酰胺收率=内酰胺生成量/内酰胺理论生成量×100%。
实施例1
谷氨酸二甲酯制备焦谷氨酸甲酯(n=1,R1=COOCH3,R2=H,R3=CH3):
在50mL高压反应釜中加入5.7mmol谷氨酸二甲酯和20mL甲醇。反应釜用氮气置换3次气体后,充入氮气在0.15MPa下进行置换,升温至200℃,继续充氮气至4MPa后反应40分钟。反应结束后冷却至室温,取样于气相色谱分析所得反应液,焦谷氨酸甲酯收率为96.1%。利用电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)确认分子结构:m/z理论值[M+H]+=144.0660,实测值[M+H]+=144.0650。
实施例2
赖氨酸甲酯制备氨基己内酰胺(n=3,R1=H,R2=NH2,R3=CH3):
在50mL高压反应釜中加入5.7mmol赖氨酸甲酯和20mL甲醇。反应釜用氮气置换3次气体后,充入氮气在0.15MPa下进行置换,升温至180℃,继续充氮气至3MPa后反应20分钟,反应结束后冷却至室温,取样于气相色谱分析所得反应液,氨基己内酰胺收率为98.5%。
旋蒸浓缩反应液得到黄色油状物,用甲醇洗涤,得到淡黄色固体,纯度为99.5%。
利用电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)确认分子结构:m/z理论值[M+H]+=129.1028,实测值[M+H]+=129.1020。
实施例3
鸟氨酸甲酯制备3-氨基-2-哌啶酮(n=2,R1=H,R2=NH2,R3=CH3):
在50mL高压反应釜中加入5.7mmol鸟氨酸甲酯和20mL甲醇。反应釜用氮气置换3次气体后,充入氮气在0.15MPa下进行置换,升温至160℃,继续充氮气至1.5MPa后反应30分钟,反应结束后冷却至室温,取样于气相色谱分析所得反应液,3-氨基-2-哌啶酮收率为96.3%。
实施例4
氨基己酸乙酯制备己内酰胺(n=3,R1=H,R2=H,R3=CH2CH3):
在50mL高压反应釜中加入5.7mmol氨基己酸乙酯和20mL乙醇。反应釜用氮气置换3次气体后,充入氮气在0.15MPa下进行置换,升温至180℃,继续充氮气至2MPa后反应40分钟,反应结束后冷却至室温,取样于气相色谱分析所得反应液,己内酰胺收率为94.0%。
实施例5
氨基庚酸甲酯制备庚内酰胺(n=4,R1=H,R2=H,R3=CH3):
在50mL高压反应釜中加入5.7mmol氨基庚酸甲酯和20mL甲醇。反应釜用氮气置换3次气体后,充入氮气在0.15MPa下进行置换,升温至220℃,继续充氮气至5MPa后反应20分钟,反应结束后冷却至室温,取样于气相色谱分析所得反应液,庚内酰胺收率为85.8%。
实施例6
氨基丁酸乙酯制备丁内酰胺(n=1,R1=H,R2=H,R3=CH2CH3):
在50mL高压反应釜中加入5.7mmol氨基丁酸乙酯和20mL乙醇。反应釜用氮气置换3次气体后,充入氮气在0.15MPa下进行置换,升温至170℃,继续充氮气至1.5MPa后反应40分钟,反应结束后冷却至室温,取样于气相色谱分析所得反应液,丁内酰胺收率为89.2%。
实施例7
天冬酰胺叔丁酯制备天冬氨酰亚胺(n=1,R1=H,R2=NH2,R3=t-Bu):
在50mL高压反应釜中加入5.7mmol天冬酰胺叔丁酯和20mL叔丁醇。反应釜用氮气置换3次气体后,充入氮气在0.15MPa下进行置换,升温至180℃,继续充氮气至3MPa后反应40分钟,反应结束后冷却至室温,取样利用气相色谱分析所得反应液,天冬氨酰亚胺收率为93.8%。
实施例8
赖氨酸甲酯制备氨基己内酰胺(n=3,R1=H,R2=NH2,R3=CH3):
在50mL高压反应釜中加入5.7mmol赖氨酸甲酯、20mL甲醇和4mL水。反应釜用氮气置换3次气体后,充入氮气在0.15MPa下进行置换,升温至180℃,继续充氮气至3MPa后反应30分钟,反应结束后冷却至室温,取样于气相色谱分析所得反应液,氨基己内酰胺收率为91.6%。
实施例9
赖氨酸甲酯制备氨基己内酰胺(n=3,R1=H,R2=NH2,R3=CH3):
在50mL高压反应釜中加入5.7mmol赖氨酸甲酯和20mL甲醇。反应釜用氮气置换3次气体后,充入氮气至0.5MPa,升温至80℃反应3小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,取样于气相色谱分析所得反应液,氨基己内酰胺收率61.7%。由于反应温度较低,因此赖氨酸甲酯部分未转化,导致成环效率较低,反应收率不理想。
实施例10
赖氨酸甲酯制备氨基己内酰胺(n=3,R1=H,R2=NH2,R3=CH3):
在50mL高压反应釜中加入5.7mmol赖氨酸甲酯和20mL DMF。反应釜用氮气置换3次气体后,充入氮气至0.5MPa,升温至120℃反应3小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,取样于气相色谱分析所得反应液,氨基己内酰胺收率仅32.1%。DMF作为一种为非质子型极性溶剂,溶剂中难以发生质子解离、传递,且对于该体系原料溶解性较差,因此反应收率不理想。
Claims (10)
1.一种内酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,氨基羧酸酯与反应溶剂混合得到反应液,在惰性气体保护下,在温度为50℃~400℃、压力为1~5MPa的条件下发生氨酯交换反应生成内酰胺,反应产物脱除溶剂后得到内酰胺产品;所述的氨基羧酸酯的结构式如式I所示:
其中:n为0~10的整数;R1、R2各自独立地选自氢、取代或未取代的烷基、环烷基、氨基、羟基、烯基、炔基、芳基、卤素、杂环基、杂芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、烯氧基或炔氧基;R3为C1~C12烷基;
所述的内酰胺的结构式如式II所示:
其中:R为C2~C10烷基,其任选地可被烷基、环烷基、氨基、羟基、烯基、炔基、芳基、卤素、杂环基、杂芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、烯氧基或炔氧基中的至少一种取代。
2.按照权利要求1所述的内酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的氨基羧酸酯的结构式中,n为0、1、2、3、4;R3为C1~C4烷基;所述的内酰胺的结构式中,R为C2~C6烷基。
3.按照权利要求2所述的内酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的氨基羧酸酯为赖氨酸甲酯,所述的内酰胺为氨基己内酰胺。
4.按照权利要求1-3中任一种所述的内酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的反应溶剂为有机溶剂或有机溶剂与水的混合溶剂,所述的反应液中,水的含量为0~50wt%;
优选地,所述的有机溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇,仲丁醇,叔丁醇、戊醇、己醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、二氧六环和二甲基亚砜中的至少一种;
优选地,所述的有机溶剂为氨基羧酸酯对应的醇。
5.按照权利要求4所述的内酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的氨基羧酸酯在反应液中的浓度为0.01wt%~50wt%;
优选地,所述的氨基羧酸酯在反应液中的浓度为1wt%~10wt%。
6.按照权利要求1所述的内酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,反应温度为150℃-300℃、优选160℃-200℃。
7.按照权利要求1所述的内酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,反应压力为1-5MPa、优选1.5-5MPa。
8.按照权利要求1所述的内酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,氨酯交换反应的反应时间为10min-5h、;
优选地,所述的反应时间为20min-3h
更优选反应时间为20min-40min。
9.按照权利要求1所述的内酰胺的制备方法,其特征在于,当所述的氨基羧酸酯以氨基羧酸酯盐酸盐、氨基羧酸酯硫酸盐、氨基羧酸酯硝酸盐、氨基羧酸酯碳酸盐的形式存在时,先加入化学计量的碱溶液中和,然后再与反应溶剂混合反应。
10.权利要求1-9中任一项权利要求所述的内酰胺的制备方法得到的产品。
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