CN117426399B - 一种植物源农药肥料增效剂、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种植物源农药肥料增效剂、其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请提供一种植物源农药肥料增效剂、其制备方法及应用，属于水溶性农药和肥料增效技术领域。其制备方法包括：植物源农药增效剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将表面活性剂吐温80、助表面活性剂甘油二者充分搅拌混合得到稳定乳化剂；将马尾松精油和乳化剂充分搅拌混合均匀，所得马尾松精油微乳液pH值6.5~7，粒径小于20nm；用水稀释马尾松精油微乳液后复配微碱性至酸性，得到植物源农药肥料增效剂。通过对多种植物精油和复配精油的对比实验，筛选出渗透性极强的马尾松精油渗透性增效剂，可极大降低化学农药的用量并提高水溶肥的吸收率，具有降农残、增肥效、降抗药的优点。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及水溶性农药和肥料增效技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种植物源农药肥料增效剂、其制备方法、其喷施方法及其应用。
背景技术
据估计，病虫害可使粮食产量损失20％～40％，为了对付病虫害，全球每年使用农药达200万吨。近几十年来，人类的癌症、肝病、心脑血管病等发病率剧增，与此有着密不可分的联系。
因此，从那时起至今众多企业和科研工作者为了降农残，或者说让我们自己及子孙后代吃的更健康付出了巨大的努力。陆续推出了有机硅增效剂、植物精油杀虫剂。有机硅有一定的渗透性但容易在作物表面形成蜡膜从而造成药害；而一般的植物精油杀虫剂因为各种原因效果还不稳定。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种植物源农药肥料增效剂、其制备方法及应用，利用马尾松精油强渗透性提高水溶性农药和肥料吸收率，从而减少农药用量提高肥料吸收率，马尾松精油做为杀虫农药增效剂，可以降低杀虫农药用药量，从而可以起到增效、降低农药使用量的效果。
第一方面，本申请提供一种植物源农药增效剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
将表面活性剂吐温80、助表面活性剂甘油二者充分搅拌混合得到稳定乳化剂；
将马尾松精油和乳化剂充分搅拌混合均匀，所得马尾松精油微乳液pH值5.7~7，粒径小于20nm；
用水稀释马尾松精油微乳液后复配微碱性至酸性，得到植物源农药增效剂。
在一种可能的实施方式中，表面活性剂吐温80、助表面活性剂甘油质量比范围为0.8~0.95:0.2~0.05。
在一种可能的实施方式中，马尾松精油和乳化剂质量比范围为0.1~0.3:0.9~0.7。
在一种可能的实施方式中，马尾松精油和乳化剂质量比为0.3:0.7。
第二方面，本申请提供一种植物源农药增效剂，由前面所述的植物源农药增效剂的制备方法得到。
第三方面，本申请提供一种植物源农药增效剂在杀灭鞘翅目、鳞翅目、双翅目或蜱螨目害虫中的应用。
第四方面，本申请提供一种植物源农药增效剂在水溶农药中的应用。
第五方面，本申请提供一种植物源农药增效剂在肥料中的应用。
第六方面，本申请提供一种植物源农药增效剂的喷施方法，其特征在于，用水稀释后复配微碱性至酸性的水溶农药与肥料喷施。
在一种可能的实施方式中，水溶农药为溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯等农药中一种或多种。
本申请提供的一种植物源农药增效剂、其制备方法、其喷施方法及其应用的有益效果包括：
通过对多种植物精油和复配精油的对比实验，筛选出渗透性极强的马尾松精油渗透性增效剂，可极大降低化学农药的用量并提高水溶肥的吸收率。本发明有以下优点：降农残；增肥效；降抗药。降农残：本发明产品可以在比国家规定农药用量减少50%的情况下达到和超过原有用量药效，极大降低农药在作物以及环境中的残留；增肥效：在使用同剂量肥料的情况下本发明产品可提高肥料吸收率10-20%以上；降抗药：病虫害的原体对单一组分化合物产生抗药的能力越来越强，而在减少农药用量配合使用本发明产品的杀虫试验中很少产生抗药。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图也属于本申请的保护范围。
图1为本申请实施例提供的植物源农药增效剂的制备方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1为本申请实施例提供的植物源农药增效剂的制备方法的流程图。请参阅图1，该制备方法包括如下步骤：
S10，将表面活性剂吐温80、助表面活性剂甘油二者充分搅拌混合得到稳定乳化剂；
可选地，表面活性剂吐温80、助表面活性剂甘油质量比范围为0.8~0.95:0.2~0.05，二者充分搅拌混合得到稳定乳化剂。
S20，将马尾松精油和乳化剂充分搅拌混合均匀，所得马尾松精油微乳液pH值5.7~7，粒径小于20nm。
在一些可能的实施方式中，马尾松精油和乳化剂质量比范围为0.1~0.3:0.9~0.7（例如：马尾松精油和乳化剂质量比为0.3:0.7）。
S30，用水稀释马尾松精油微乳液后复配微碱性至酸性，得到植物源农药增效剂。该植物源农药增效剂是一款广谱强渗透性水溶农药与肥料增效剂，马尾松精油微乳液复配农药或肥料的规则是：几种农药和肥料之间不发生酸碱中和反应或化学反应马尾松精油乳液都可复配。
上述植物源农药增效剂在实验室模拟实验或者田间喷洒过程中，添加植物源农药增效剂的杀虫农药用量为未添加植物源农药增效剂前的杀虫农药用量的50%或者更低且杀灭效果更佳。
实验室模拟实验杀虫效果对比：
从植保研究所购买榛瘿蚊、杨扇舟蛾、榛实象甲、卷叶象甲各200只，分成两组放置在完全一样的容器中并放入数量和形状相同的植物叶片。分别喷施植物源农药增效剂复配50%用量的杀虫剂药液以及100%用量的杀虫剂药液。喷施过程中缓慢翻动叶片，务使每个叶片均匀着药，用细纱网严格密封容器。榛樱蚊杀虫剂用的高效氯氰菊酯；杨扇舟蛾杀虫剂用的高效氯氰菊酯；榛实象甲杀虫剂用的氯氰菊酯；蒙古象甲杀虫剂用的溴氰菊酯。
记录两种药液喷施后24小时以及48小时候的消杀效果，结果如下表：
| 种类死亡率 | 100%用量杀虫剂48h | 增效剂复配50%用量杀虫剂48h | 100%用量杀虫剂24h | 增效剂复配50%用量杀虫剂24h |
| 榛樱蚊 | 83 | 98 | 45 | 69 |
| 杨扇舟蛾 | 78 | 94 | 40 | 64 |
| 榛实象甲 | 80 | 97 | 44 | 67 |
| 蒙古象甲 | 68 | 90 | 25 | 55 |
由上述植物源农药增效剂的制备方法制备得到的植物源农药增效剂，主要成分为马尾松精油，乳化剂为吐温80和甘油，其余成分为水。实验室模拟试验以及田间实施表明，马尾松精油做为杀虫农药增效剂，可以降低杀虫农药用药量50%以上，对双翅目，鞘翅目，鳞翅目的害虫都有增效作用。从而可以起到增效、降低农药使用量的效果，是广谱水溶农药和肥料增效剂，具有广阔的应用前景。
通过对多种植物精油和复配精油的对比实验，筛选出渗透性极强的马尾松精油渗透性增效剂，可极大降低化学农药的用量并提高水溶肥的吸收率。本发明有以下优点：降农残；增肥效；降抗药。降农残：本发明产品可以在比国家规定农药用量减少50%的情况下达到和超过原有用量药效，极大降低农药在作物以及环境中的残留；增肥效：在使用同剂量肥料的情况下本发明产品可提高肥料吸收率10-20%以上；降抗药：病虫害的原体对单一组分化合物产生抗药的能力越来越强，例如，蔬菜害虫小菜蛾对甲基1605的抗性倍数是21000倍，对灭多威为1049倍，对四溴氰菊酯是6768倍。而在减少农药用量配合使用本发明产品的杀虫试验中很少产生抗药，原因就是病虫无法分清六七十种组分的有机增效剂具体携带哪种药物起到了决定作用，所以无法发展出针对性抗药能力。
本申请提供一种植物源农药增效剂，由前面所述的植物源农药增效剂的制备方法得到。
本申请提供一种植物源农药增效剂在杀灭鞘翅目、鳞翅目、双翅目或蜱螨目害虫中的应用。
本申请提供一种植物源农药增效剂在水溶农药中的应用。
本申请提供一种植物源农药增效剂在肥料中的应用。
本申请提供一种植物源农药增效剂在水溶农药中的应用，其特征在于，水溶农药为溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯等农药中一种或多种。
第六方面，本申请提供一种植物源农药增效剂的喷施方法，其特征在于，用水稀释后复配微碱性至酸性的水溶农药与肥料喷施。
在一种可能的实施方式中，水溶农药为溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯等农药中一种或多种。
以上所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种植物源农药增效剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：将表面活性剂吐温80、助表面活性剂甘油二者充分搅拌混合得到稳定乳化剂；将马尾松精油和乳化剂充分搅拌混合均匀后得到马尾松精油微乳液，所述马尾松精油微乳液PH值5.7~7，粒径小于20nm；用水稀释马尾松精油微乳液后复配微碱性至酸性，得到植物源农药增效剂，其中表面活性剂吐温80、助表面活性剂甘油质量比范围为 0.8~0.95:0.2~0.05；所述农药为溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯农药中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求 1 所述的植物源农药增效剂的制备方法，其特征在于，马尾松精油和乳化剂质量比范围为 0.1~0.3:0.9~0.7。
3.根据权利要求 1 所述的植物源农药增效剂的制备方法，其特征在于，马尾松精油和乳化剂质量比为 0.3:0.7。
4.一种植物源农药肥料增效剂，其特征在于，由权利要求1-3任一项所述的植物源农药增效剂的制备方法得到。
5.一种权利要求4所述的植物源农药增效剂在杀灭鞘翅目、鳞翅目、双翅目或蜱螨目害虫中的应用。
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