CN117402757A - 红法夫酵母、复合诱变育种方法、红法夫酵母溶胞物制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
红法夫酵母、复合诱变育种方法、红法夫酵母溶胞物制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于菌种选育技术领域和微生物化妆品原料技术领域,具体是高产虾青素的红法夫酵母、复合诱变育种方法、红法夫酵母溶胞物及其应用。将紫外诱变与甲基磺酸乙酯复合诱变红法夫酵母以获得高产虾青素菌株的选育技术,并提供了一种以红法夫为出发菌株的化妆品原料的制备方法。利用甲基磺酸乙酯和紫外线复合诱变红法夫酵母,并结合二苯胺筛选得到高产虾青素且遗传性状稳定的红法夫酵母UVE12(Phaffia rhodozyma UVE12),以UVE12为出发菌株,制备一种虾青素含量为细胞干重0.8%的红法夫酵母溶胞物,并提供一种以红法夫为出发菌株的化妆品原料的制备方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于菌种选育技术领域和微生物化妆品原料技术领域,具体是高产虾青素的红法夫酵母、复合诱变育种方法、红法夫酵母溶胞物及其应用。
背景技术
红法夫酵母Phaffia rhodozyma(PR)最初是从日本偏远地区和北美西海岸的树木渗出物中分离出来的,以单细胞为主,有时形成假菌丝,繁殖方式是芽殖,无论酵母细胞内还是细胞壁都含有丰富的营养物质。红法夫酵母是FDA认证的安全的可食用微生物,也是生产天然虾青素的主要微生物。
虾青素又名虾黄素、虾黄质,属酮式类胡萝卜素,是一种萜烯类不饱和化合物,化学名称为3,3–二羟基–4,4–二酮基–β,β–胡萝卜素,分子式为C40H52O4,相对分子质量为596.86。固体形态的虾青素表现为粉红色的晶体,其熔点在216℃上下,不溶于水,但易溶于有机试剂例如:二氯甲烷,氯仿等。虾青素能吸收活性纯态氧而防止其它分子或组织被破坏,可作为活性纯态氧和其它活性自由基的淬灭剂而保护脂类及其他组织的过氧化反应。相关研究表明,虾青素的抗氧化活性大约是β胡萝卜素的10倍,是维生素E的80~55倍。虾青素最初被用作水产业的饲料添加剂,后来人们发现它具有极强的抗氧化活性、增强机体免疫力活性及抗肿瘤活性,在食品、医药和化妆品等领域中有着广阔的应用前景。
天然虾青素主要来源于藻类、酵母、蛙鱼、鳞鱼、虾等,而商品化的天然虾青素主要来源于雨声红球藻和红法夫酵母。在雨生红球藻中,虾青素主要以酯化形式存在,与游离虾青素相比,酯化态虾青素不易于被人体吸收利用。红法夫酵母发酵合成的虾青素结构形式为(3R,3'R),且主要以游离和未修饰的形式存在。虽然与雨生红球藻相比,红法夫酵母中虾青素的含量及产量均较低,但红法夫酵母细胞生长快,发酵周期短,无需光照和开放环境,可利用多种碳源,发酵工艺成熟可在发酵罐中进行高密度培养,使得红法夫酵母具有比雨生红球藻更好的产业化前景,因此改良红法夫酵母以提高虾青素产量成为其工业化生产的主要工作。
但是野生型的红法夫酵母产量较低无法直接用于商业化应用,为了获得更高产虾青素的红法夫酵母,紫外等物理和化学诱变是常采用的手段。目前,获得高产菌株的方法有物理、化学诱变和原生质体融合等传统方法以及许多转基因技术,但常用且有效的方法还是人工诱变法。李清儒等采用UV诱变、DES诱变和复合诱变的方式进行诱变育种,获得红法夫酵母生物量为4.25mg/g,是诱变前菌株的1.42倍。龚玉娇等对野生型菌株用紫外线和亚硝基胍协同诱变,经筛选得到了虾青素高产突变菌株,其菌株虾青素最高产量达1200μg/gDCW比出发菌产量271μg/g DCW高近4倍。相比单一诱变因子,复合诱变具有补充不同诱变方法之间缺陷的优势,甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)是一种常用的化学诱变剂,能诱发产生高密度的系列等位基因点突变,具有效率高、负作用小、易操作等优点,目前已被广泛应用于植物的相关遗传研究和诱变育种工作中。紫外诱变作为一种物理诱变方法,能提高变异频率,加速育种进程。此前,没有将紫外诱变与EMS进行红法夫酵母复合诱变的技术。
在化妆品原料领域中,酵母来源的原料种类已有上百种,包括酵母菌溶胞物、酵母发酵产物滤液、酵母提取物等。然而,在众多的酵母原料中,来源于酵母本身的活性物质却大同小异,缺乏创新。目前,化学合成的虾青素和雨生红球藻提取物是化妆品配方中虾青素的主要来源,化学合成的虾青素因效果差、不安全性逐渐退出市场,雨生红球藻提取物主要面临着成本高昂、提取工艺复杂的局面。因此,若以红法夫酵母为出发菌株,制备富含虾青素的酵母溶胞物可有效结合虾青素和酵母溶胞物二者的优势,有望成为化妆品配方中提供虾青素的新原料。然而,如何将亲脂性的虾青素在溶胞物的水系环境中稳定分散成为一个难题。通常虾青素主要以脂质体、微囊体、纳米乳等手段制备并包裹形成分散体,但这些手段均难以省略虾青素的提取步骤。酵母中天然存在磷脂双分子层的细胞膜结构,而磷脂分散于水中时会自发形成一类具有封闭双层结构的分子有序组合体,即囊泡也称为脂质体。根据磷脂在水溶液中自发形成囊泡的特性,可知在一定的剪切力下,细胞破碎后,被破碎的细胞膜可自发形成微米级的囊泡,胞内亲脂性物质也将在这个过程中包裹其中。Jasmine M等人将通过均质、超声、离心大肠杆菌制备溶胞物,得到的细胞提取物就含有大量细胞膜破碎后重排形成的囊泡结构。红法夫酵母中虾青素的提取不仅工艺复杂,其中残留的有机试剂也是一个较大的安全隐患,因此以破碎红法夫酵母细胞本身形成的天然囊泡结构将亲脂性的虾青素包裹其中的红法夫溶胞物制备方法不仅工艺简单、成品也十分安全环保,在化妆品原料领域具有较大的市场潜力。
发明内容
针对现有技术中红法夫酵母产虾青素能力不足以实现工业化的情况,本发明将提供一种紫外诱变与甲基磺酸乙酯复合诱变红法夫以获得高产虾青素菌株的选育技术,并提供了一种以红法夫为出发菌株的化妆品原料的制备方法。本发明涉及利用甲基磺酸乙酯和紫外线复合诱变红法夫酵母,并结合二苯胺筛选得到高产虾青素且遗传性状稳定的红法夫酵母UVE12(Phaffia rhodozyma UVE12),以UVE12为出发菌株,制备一种虾青素含量为细胞干重0.8%的红法夫酵母溶胞物,并提供一种以红法夫为出发菌株的化妆品原料的制备方法。具体技术方案如下:
一种高产虾青素的红法夫酵母UVE12,保藏编号为CCTCCNO:M20231668。
一种上述高产虾青素的红法夫酵母UVE12的复合诱变育种方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)菌种活化
沾取适量红法夫菌液在YM固体平板或斜面上划线,22℃培养3-5天,挑取单菌落接种到含YM液体培养基的试管中进行下一步培养,平板或斜面于4℃保存,得到活化的红法夫菌液;
(2)对数期菌悬液的制备
将(1)中活化好的菌液以2-5%的接种量转接到新鲜YM液体培养基中,22℃,150-200rpm,取对数生长期中期的菌液5000rpm离心10min,弃上清,PBS溶液洗涤菌体两次并重悬得到菌悬液;
(3)紫外诱变
取5mL菌悬液均匀分布在60mm的培养皿中,将培养皿放置在距紫外灯15cm处照射0.4min,后迅速避光15-30min,得到紫外诱变菌悬液;
(4)甲基磺酸乙酯诱变
上述紫外诱变菌悬液紧接着加入2%的甲基磺酸乙酯混匀,22℃,150-200rpm避光处理3min,迅速离心9000r/min 30s,弃上清,用PBS缓冲液水洗脱3次,得到复合诱变菌悬液;
(5)二苯胺初筛菌株
将复合诱变菌液梯度稀释,均匀涂布在含有80-120μmol/L二苯胺的YM固体平板上,将平板置于20-22℃培养箱中培养3-5天,挑选菌落大而红色色泽深的菌落为初筛菌株;
(6)菌株复筛
将初筛菌株挑到含有5mLYM液体培养基的试管中,20-22℃,150-200rpm培养12-36h至对数期,而后以2-5%接种量转接至摇瓶,20-22℃,150-200rpm培养90-120h,测其生物量及虾青素含量,挑选出虾青素产量高的突变菌株。
(7)稳定性测试
对于复筛的突变菌株,进行5次传代,使用同批YM液体培养基、20-22℃、摇瓶发酵90-120h,每一代都进行虾青素含量及生物量的鉴定,最终选取虾青素含量最高的通过稳定性测试的突变菌株保存。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,YM固体培养基的配方为酵母膏3.0g/L,麦芽浸膏3.0g/L,蛋白胨5.0g/L,葡萄糖10.0g/L,琼脂15.0~20.0g/L;YM液体培养基的配方为酵母膏3.0g/L,麦芽浸膏3.0g/L,蛋白胨5.0g/L,葡萄糖10.0g/L。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,平板培养温度为20-22℃,培养时间为3-5天;试管培养温度为20-22℃,培养时间为12-36h。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,对数生长期的时间具体为12-36h,PBS溶液为0.01mol/L的磷酸钠缓冲液,菌液的体积为2-5mL,PBS溶液洗涤和重悬的体积与菌液体积相等。
进一步的,步骤(6)中生物量的测定方法为:取5-20mL菌液,用等体积纯水洗涤3次去培养基,105℃烘干至恒重。
进一步的,步骤(6)中采用二甲亚砜/丙酮提取法提取虾青素,具体方法为取5mL发酵液于4000-6000rpm下离心5 -10min,去离子水洗涤两次,收集菌体,用滤纸吸干管壁水滴,加入1mL 55-60℃预热的二甲亚砜,振荡悬浮,避光静置3-5min,然后加入丙酮1mL,超声处理1-5min;2-8℃、4000-6000rmp条件下离心5-10min,多次重复加入二甲亚砜以及丙酮的步骤,直至抽提至菌泥白色为止。
一种红法夫酵母溶胞物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
收集红法夫酵母的发酵液,4000rpm/10min收集菌泥,以纯水洗涤菌体三次,而后以30%—50%发酵液体积的纯水重悬得到细胞悬浮液;
用高压均质机在1700-1800Mpa高压、2-8℃条件下反复破碎细胞悬浮液3次,收集破碎液,4000rpm/5min将破碎液固液离心,沉淀呈现白色,上清液即溶胞物呈粉红悬浊液状态,收集上层粉色溶胞物即得到红法夫酵母溶胞物。
一种所述的红法夫酵母溶胞物在制备化妆品原料中的应用。
有益效果
(1)本发明将物理诱变和化学诱变相结合,选择60W紫外照射0.4min,2%甲基磺酸乙酯处理3min连续诱变,将菌株的致死率控制在90%以上,在该致死条件下,菌株突变的概率较大。
(2)本发明在YM培养基中于摇瓶培养5天,虾青素产量高达8289mg/kg(细胞干重),野生型的红法夫虾青素产量为3310mg/kg,诱变菌株的虾青素产量是野生型的2.5倍;且本发明菌株连续传代5次后虾青素的产量稳定;具有很大的应用前景。
(3)本发明菌株可用于一步法制备富含虾青素酵母溶胞物,与等浓度的虾青素标品相比具有更好的DPPH自由基清除效果。
(4)本发明的有益效果在于制备红法夫酵母溶胞物时,利用高压均质破碎细胞过程中形成的天然囊泡结构对虾青素进行包裹,省去了虾青素的提取步骤。
附图说明
图1是本发明的红法夫酵母的复合诱变育种方法流程图;
图2是均质法制备的红法夫酵母的上层液体示意图;
图3是均质法和酶解法制备红法夫酵母溶胞物的对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示,本发明的红法夫酵母的复合诱变育种方法,包括如下步骤
(1)菌种活化
沾取适量-80℃解冻的红法夫菌液在YM固体平板或斜面上划线,22℃培养3-5天,挑取单菌落接种到含YM液体培养基的试管中进行下一步培养,平板或斜面于4℃保存,得到活化的红法夫菌液。
步骤(1)中,YM固体培养基的配方具体为酵母膏3.0g/L,麦芽浸膏3.0g/L,蛋白胨5.0g/L,葡萄糖10.0g/L,琼脂15.0~20.0g/L,pH5~6。YM液体培养基的配方在固体的基础上去除琼脂即可。平板培养温度为20-22℃,培养时间为3-5天;试管培养温度为20-22℃,培养时间为12-36h。
(2)对数期菌悬液的制备
将(1)中活化好的菌液以2-5%的接种量转接到新鲜YM培养基中,22℃,150-200rpm,每隔2小时测定一次OD600值,绘制红法夫酵母的生长曲线,取对数生长期中期的菌液5000rpm离心10min,弃上清PBS(pH=7)洗涤菌体两次(等体积)并重悬得到菌悬液。
步骤(2)中,对数生长期的时间具体为12-36h,PBS溶液为0.01mol/L的磷酸钠缓冲液,菌液的体积为2-5mL,PBS洗涤和重悬的体积与菌液体积相等。
(3)紫外诱变
取5mL菌悬液均匀分布在60mm的塑料培养皿中,将塑料培养皿放置在距紫外灯(60W)15cm处照射0.4min,后迅速避光15-30min,得到紫外诱变菌悬液。
(4)甲基磺酸乙酯诱变
菌悬液在紫外诱变结束后,紧接着加入2%的甲基磺酸乙酯混匀,22℃,150-200rpm避光处理3min,迅速离心9000r/min 30s,弃上清,用PBS缓冲液水洗脱3次,得到复合诱变菌悬液。
(5)二苯胺初筛菌株
将复合诱变的菌液梯度稀释,均匀涂布在含有80-120μmol/L二苯胺的YM固体平板上,二苯胺是八氢番茄红素去饱和酶抑制剂,能够抑制虾青素前提物质的合成,从而使菌落颜色变浅,正突变菌株因有更高的虾青素产量而显示出更红的菌落形态,从而与其他菌落区分开来。将平板置于20-22℃培养箱中培养3-5天,挑选菌落大而红色色泽深的菌落为初筛菌株。
(6)菌株复筛
将初筛菌株挑到含有5mLYM培养基的试管中,20-22℃,150-200rpm培养12-36h至对数期,而后以2-5%接种量转接至摇瓶,20-22℃,150-200rpm培养90-120h,测其生物量,并以二甲亚砜/丙酮提取法提取虾青素,以分光光度法测量虾青素的含量,挑选出产量较高的突变菌株。
步骤(6)中生物量的测定方法为:取5-20mL菌液,用等体积纯水洗涤3次去培养基,105℃烘干至恒重。
步骤(6)中二甲亚砜/丙酮提取法提取虾青素的具体方法为取5mL发酵液于4000-6000rpm下离心5 -10min,去离子水洗涤两次,收集菌体,用滤纸吸干管壁水滴,加入1mL55-60℃预热的二甲亚砜(DMSO),振荡悬浮,避光静置3-5min,然后加入丙酮1mL,超声处理1-5min;2-8℃、4000-6000rmp条件下离心5-10min,多次重复加入二甲亚砜以及丙酮的步骤,直至抽提至菌泥白色为止。取上清液上清液用分光光度计测OD474,虾青素含量计算公式如下:
式中:OD474——抽提液在波长474nm下的吸光度;
V1——有机溶剂的总体积,mL;
V2——发酵液体积,mL;
W——细胞干重,g;
0.21——有机溶剂消光系数
(7)稳定性测试
为了防止回复突变的发生,对于复筛的菌株,进行5次传代,使用同批YM培养基、20-22℃、摇瓶发酵90-120h,每一代都进行虾青素含量及生物量的鉴定,最终选取虾青素含量最高的通过稳定性测试的菌株保存。
红法夫酵母溶胞物的制备方法具体步骤如下:
收集红法夫酵母的发酵液,4000rpm/10min收集菌泥,以纯水洗涤菌体三次,而后以30%—50%发酵液体积的纯水重悬得到细胞悬浮液。用高压均质机在1700-1800Mpa高压、2-8℃条件下反复破碎细胞悬浮液3次,收集破碎液,4000rpm/5min将破碎液固液离心,此时沉淀呈现白色,上清液即溶胞物呈粉红悬浊液状态,这说明虾青素已经随着破碎细胞膜形成的囊泡结构富集在上层溶胞物当中。收集上层粉色溶胞物即得到富含虾青素的红法夫酵母溶胞物。
实施例1
红法夫酵母的复合诱变育种方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)菌种活化
将-80℃解冻的红法夫酵母菌液在YM平板上划线接种,22℃培养3天,挑取单菌落接种到含5mL YM液体培养基的试管中22℃、180rpm培养24h,得到活化的红法夫菌液。
(2)对数期菌悬液的制备
将(1)中活化好的菌液以2%的接种量转接到新鲜5mL YM培养基中,22℃,180rpm培养16h至对数期。取5mL对数生长期中期的菌液5000rpm离心10min,弃上清,用5mL PBS(pH=7)洗涤菌体并重复一次,最后5mL PBS重悬得到菌悬液。
(3)紫外诱变
取5mL菌悬液均匀分布在60mm的塑料培养皿中,将塑料培养皿放置在距紫外灯(60W)15cm处照射0.4min,后迅速避光15min,得到紫外诱变菌悬液。
(4)甲基磺酸乙酯诱变
紫外诱变菌悬液紧接着加入2%的甲基磺酸乙酯混匀,22℃,180rpm避光处理3min,迅速离心9000r/min 30s,弃上清,用3mL PBS缓冲液水洗脱3次,得到复合诱变菌悬液。
(5)二苯胺初筛菌株
将复合诱变菌悬液梯度稀释,均匀涂布在含有80μmol/L二苯胺的YM固体平板上,将平板置于22℃培养箱中培养5天,挑选菌落大而红色色泽深的菌落为初筛菌株。
(6)菌株复筛(虾青素的测量)
将初筛菌株挑到含有5mL YM培养基的试管中,22℃,180rpm培养20h至对数期,而后以5%接种量转接至摇瓶,22℃,180rpm培养120h,测其生物量,并以二甲亚砜/丙酮提取法提取虾青素,以分光光度法测量虾青素的含量,挑选出产量较高的突变菌株。
(7)稳定性测试
为了防止回复突变的发生,对于复筛的突变菌株,进行5次传代,使用同批YM培养基、22℃、180rpm摇瓶发酵120h,每一代都进行虾青素含量及生物量的鉴定,最终检测出虾青素的产量为8289mg/kg,是野生型红法夫酵母的2.5倍。将突变菌株命名为红法夫酵母UVE12(Phaffia rhodozyma UVE12),保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCCNO:M20231668,保藏日期为2023年09月12日,地址为中国武汉市武汉大学。其18s测序序列为:ACTTTGATTTCTCGTAAGGTGCCGAGCGAGTCAAAAGAGAACATCGCCCGATCCCTAGTCGGCATAGTTTACTGTTAAGACTACAACGGTATCTGATCGTTTTCGATCCCCTAACCTTCGTTCTTGATTAATGAAAACATCCTTGGCAAATGCTTTCGCAGTAGTTAGTCTTCAGTAAATCCAAGAATTTCACCTCTAGCAACTGAATACTAATGCCCCCAACTATCCCTATTAATCATTACGGCGATCCTAGAAACCAACAAAATAGAACCGCACGTCCTATTCTATTATTCCATGCTAATGTATTCGGGCATAGGCCTGCTTTGAACACTCTAATTTTTTCAAAGTAAAAATCCTGGTTCCCCGCCCGGCCGCGTAAACGACCGAACGGCTCACCAAGAGGTAAGGCCCGGCCGACCAGTACACACCGTGAGGCGGACCGGCCGACCAGGCCTGAAGTTCAACTACGAGCTTTTTAACTGCAACAACTTTAATATACGCTATTGGAGCTGGAATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCACCAGACTTGCCCTCCAATGGTTCCTCGTTAAGGGATTTAAATTGTACTCATTCCAATTATAAGACCCATAGAGCCCTATATTGTTATTTATTGTCACTACCTCCCCGTGTCGGGATTGGGTAATTTGCGCGCCTGCTGCCTTCCTTGGATGTGGTAGCCGTTTCTCAGGCTCCCTCTCCGGAATCGAACCCTTATTCCCCGTTACCCGTTGAAACCATGGTAGGCCTCTATCCTACCATCGAAAGTTGATAGGGCAGATATTTGAATGAAGCATCGTCGGCGCAAGGCCATACGATTCGAAAAGTTATTATGAATCACCAAGGGAGCGCTTTCACGCGTTGGTTTTTTATCTAATAAATACACCCCTTCCAGAAGTCGGGGCTTTTAGGCATGTATTAGCTCTAGAATTACCACAGTTATCCATGTAGCAAGGTACCATCAAATAAACTATAACTGATTTAATGAGCCATTCGCAGTTCACAGTATGAA。
实施例2
红法夫酵母溶胞物的制备(均质法)
(1)菌种发酵
以5%接种量将活化好的红法夫酵母UVE12转接至150mL YM培养基中,22℃、180rpm发酵120h,得到发酵液。
(2)菌泥洗涤
收集120mL发酵液,4000rpm/10min收集菌泥,以20mL纯水洗涤菌体3次,而后以60mL纯水重悬得到细胞悬浮液。
(3)细胞破碎
用高压均质机在1800Mpa高压、4℃条件下反复破碎细胞悬浮液3次,收集破碎液,4000rpm/5min将破碎液离心,此时沉淀呈现白色,上清液即溶胞物呈粉红悬浊液状态,这说明虾青素大部分富集在上层溶胞物当中。如图2所示,收集上层粉色溶胞物即得到富含虾青素的红法夫酵母溶胞物。
(4)红法夫酵母溶胞物的自由基清除效果测试
使用分光光度法测定上述红法夫酵母溶胞物中的虾青素含量为38.32μg/mL,占细胞干重0.8%。用纯水将红法夫酵母溶胞物稀释至虾青素含量为10μg/mL和5μg/mL,与等浓度的虾青素标品进行DPPH自由基清除效果的比较。
配置0.02mM DPPH溶液:准确称量DPPH 40mg,将其加入到500m无水乙醇中定容,避光4℃低温保存。
编号 | DPPH(μL) | 待测样品(μL) | 无水乙醇(μL) |
A1 | 500 | 500 | 0 |
A2(样品背景) | 0 | 500 | 500 |
A3(空白对照) | 500 | 0 | 500 |
表1清除DPPH自由基反应体系。
反应体系:按表1添加各组反应液,室温避光放置30min,取各组样品与517nm处测定吸光值,DPPH自由基清除率计算公式如下:
10μg/mL虾青素 | 5μg/mL虾青素 | |
红法夫酵母溶胞物 | 32.89% | 18.72% |
虾青素标品浓度 | 11.41% | 3.71% |
表2清除DPPH自由基效果表。
如表2所示,在等虾青素的浓度下,红法夫酵母溶胞物的DPPH自由基清除的效果明显高于虾青素标品,这可能是因为红法夫酵母的溶胞物中含有丰富的胞内活性物与虾青素,从而起到了较好的抗氧化作用。
对比例1红法夫酵母溶胞物的制备(蜗牛酶酶解解法)
菌种发酵和菌泥洗涤同实施例2,每20mL发酵液用5mL巯基化合物重悬并32℃水浴30min,期间轻轻颠倒离心管2-3次。将处理后的混合液10000rpm离心1min,弃上清,沉淀重悬于2mL山梨醇缓冲液,每克菌泥添加40mg的蜗牛酶进行酶解,37℃保温60min。酶解后以75℃保温10min的条件灭酶即可得到酵母破壁液。将酵母破壁液4000rpm离心5min固液分离,得到澄清的上清液和红色菌泥,如图3所示。
成分 | 添加量(ml) |
0.5M EDTA | 2.406 |
巯基乙醇 | 0.294 |
无菌水 | 补足30ml |
表3巯基化合物(30mL)配方。
表4山梨醇缓冲液(10mL)配方。
图3中均质法制备的红法夫酵母溶胞物的细胞碎片沉淀大部分为白色,上层液体为粉红色;酶解法制备的红法夫酵母溶胞物的细胞碎片为粉红色,上层液体显示澄清透明状态。这说明相比较于实施例2,对比例1中酶解破壁的方法显然不能够让破碎的细胞膜形成囊泡结构,虾青素主要还是聚集在沉淀物当中,实施例2的虾青素则成功地悬浮在了上层液体中。实施例2和对比例1的结果说明在有机械剪切力的作用下能更好地促进溶胞物中天然囊泡的形成。
实施例3
从实施例2中可以看出,红法夫酵母溶胞物中的虾青素含量较高,且自由基清除效果好,可以作为化妆品原料。
Claims (9)
1.一种高产虾青素的红法夫酵母UVE12,保藏编号为CCTCCNO:M20231668。
2.一种如权利要求1的高产虾青素的红法夫酵母UVE12的复合诱变育种方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)菌种活化
沾取适量红法夫菌液在YM固体平板或斜面上划线,22℃培养3-5天,挑取单菌落接种到含YM液体培养基的试管中进行下一步培养,平板或斜面于4℃保存,得到活化的红法夫菌液;
(2)对数期菌悬液的制备
将(1)中活化好的菌液以2-5%的接种量转接到新鲜YM液体培养基中,22℃,150-200rpm,取对数生长期中期的菌液5000rpm离心10min,弃上清,PBS溶液洗涤菌体两次并重悬得到菌悬液;
(3)紫外诱变
取5mL菌悬液均匀分布在60mm的培养皿中,将培养皿放置在距紫外灯15cm处照射0.4min,后迅速避光15-30min,得到紫外诱变菌悬液;
(4)甲基磺酸乙酯诱变
上述紫外诱变菌悬液紧接着加入2%的甲基磺酸乙酯混匀,22℃,150-200rpm避光处理3min,迅速离心9000r/min 30s,弃上清,用PBS缓冲液水洗脱3次,得到复合诱变菌悬液;
(5)二苯胺初筛菌株
将复合诱变菌液梯度稀释,均匀涂布在含有80-120μmol/L二苯胺的YM固体平板上,将平板置于20-22℃培养箱中培养3-5天,挑选菌落大而红色色泽深的菌落为初筛菌株;
(6)菌株复筛
将初筛菌株挑到含有5mLYM液体培养基的试管中,20-22℃,150-200rpm培养12-36h至对数期,而后以2-5%接种量转接至摇瓶,20-22℃,150-200rpm培养90-120h,测其生物量与虾青素含量,挑选出虾青素产量高的突变菌株。
(7)稳定性测试
对于复筛的突变菌株,进行5次传代,使用同批YM液体培养基、20-22℃、摇瓶发酵90-120h,每一代都进行虾青素含量及生物量的鉴定,最终选取虾青素含量最高的通过稳定性测试的突变菌株保存。
3.如权利要求2的复合诱变育种方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中,YM固体培养基的配方为酵母膏3.0g/L,麦芽浸膏3.0g/L,蛋白胨5.0g/L,葡萄糖10.0g/L,琼脂15.0~20.0g/L;YM液体培养基的配方为酵母膏3.0g/L,麦芽浸膏3.0g/L,蛋白胨5.0g/L,葡萄糖10.0g/L。
4.如权利要求2的复合诱变育种方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中,平板培养温度为20-22℃,培养时间为3-5天;试管培养温度为20-22℃,培养时间为12-36h。
5.如权利要求2的复合诱变育种方法,其特征在于:
步骤(2)中,对数生长期的时间具体为12-36h,PBS溶液为0.01mol/L的磷酸钠缓冲液,菌液的体积为2-5mL,PBS溶液洗涤和重悬的体积与菌液体积相等。
6.如权利要求2的复合诱变育种方法,其特征在于:
步骤(6)中生物量的测定方法为:取5-20mL菌液,用等体积纯水洗涤3次去培养基,105℃烘干至恒重。
7.如权利要求2的复合诱变育种方法,其特征在于:
步骤(6)中采用二甲亚砜/丙酮提取法提取虾青素,具体方法为取5mL发酵液于4000-6000rpm下离心5-10min,去离子水洗涤两次,收集菌体,用滤纸吸干管壁水滴,加入1mL 55-60℃预热的二甲亚砜,振荡悬浮,避光静置3-5min,然后加入丙酮1mL,超声处理1-5min;2-8℃、4000-6000rmp条件下离心5-10min,多次重复加入二甲亚砜以及丙酮的步骤,直至抽提至菌泥白色为止。
8.一种红法夫酵母溶胞物的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
收集红法夫酵母的发酵液,4000rpm/10min收集菌泥,以纯水洗涤菌体三次,而后以30%—50%发酵液体积的纯水重悬得到细胞悬浮液;
用高压均质机在1700-1800Mpa高压、2-8℃条件下反复破碎细胞悬浮液3次,收集破碎液,4000rpm/5min将破碎液固液离心,沉淀呈现白色,上清液即溶胞物呈粉红悬浊液状态,收集上层粉色溶胞物即得到红法夫酵母溶胞物。
9.一种如权利要求8所述的红法夫酵母溶胞物在制备化妆品原料中的应用。
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