CN117388081A - Test device and test method for determining bearing capacity of tunnel anchor by backward-pushing loading - Google Patents
Test device and test method for determining bearing capacity of tunnel anchor by backward-pushing loading Download PDFInfo
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- CN117388081A CN117388081A CN202311694825.3A CN202311694825A CN117388081A CN 117388081 A CN117388081 A CN 117388081A CN 202311694825 A CN202311694825 A CN 202311694825A CN 117388081 A CN117388081 A CN 117388081A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
Abstract
The invention provides a test device and a test method for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor by back-pushing loading, and relates to the technical field of anchor plug body model tests, comprising a test box, an isolation device, an anchor plug body and a jacking device; the rock surrounding body is arranged in the test box, the isolation device is perpendicular to the bottom plate of the test box, the bottom of the isolation device is in contact with the bottom plate of the test box, the top of the isolation device is in contact with the top of the test box, the isolation device comprises a first isolation device and a second isolation device, a cavity is formed between the first isolation device and the second isolation device, and a first groove is formed in the bottom of the cavity; the anchor plug body is arranged in the first groove; the jacking device is arranged right below the first groove, and the isolation device is arranged in the test box, so that the test box can be disassembled into two test boxes with different sizes according to requirements, and a single-anchor indoor model test and a double-anchor indoor model test can be respectively carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of anchor plug body model tests, in particular to a test device and a test method for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor by backward pushing type loading.
Background
The indoor model test is an important means for researching the bearing capacity characteristics of the tunnel anchors, the existing tunnel anchor model test is mainly developed for single anchor tests, the indoor model test is carried out by adopting a front pull method, a reaction frame is generally required to provide a reaction pivot, the test device is complex, and two test situations of single anchors and double anchors cannot be realized. Meanwhile, the existing monitoring method cannot accurately determine the stress characteristics of the inside of the anchor plug body in the loading process, and test support is provided for tunnel anchor design calculation research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device and a test method for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor by backward pushing type loading so as to solve the problems. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the present application provides a push-back loading test device for determining a tunnel anchor bearing capacity, the device comprising: the device comprises a test box, an isolation device, an anchor plug body and a jacking device; the device comprises a test box, and is characterized in that a surrounding rock body is arranged in the test box, the isolation device is arranged in the test box and perpendicular to the bottom plate of the test box, the bottom of the isolation device is in contact with the bottom plate of the test box, the top of the isolation device is in contact with the top of the test box, the isolation device comprises a first isolation device and a second isolation device, a cavity is formed between the first isolation device and the second isolation device, and a first groove is formed in the bottom of the cavity; the anchor plug body is arranged in the first groove, and a strain gauge is arranged in the anchor plug body; the jacking device is arranged right below the first groove and is used for applying acting force to the anchor plug body.
Optionally, the first isolating device includes first channel-section steel, second channel-section steel and first division board, first channel-section steel with the second channel-section steel sets up the both sides of first division board, first channel-section steel with the second channel-section steel with the test box can be dismantled and be connected, first division board with first channel-section steel with the second channel-section steel can be dismantled and be connected.
Optionally, the web of the second channel steel is provided with at least one through hole, and the through hole is arranged along the height direction of the test box.
Optionally, the jacking device includes a jacking device, the jacking device sets up under the first recess, the jacking device includes first base, first jack and first dynamometer, first jack is fixed to be set up on the first base, first jack with be provided with first dynamometer between the test box bottom.
Optionally, a second groove and a third groove are further formed in the bottom of the cavity, and the second groove and the third groove are formed in two sides of the first groove.
Optionally, the jacking device includes a second jacking device, the second jacking device sets up in the below of test box, the second jacking device includes second base, second jack, second dynamometer and two anchor force transmission component, the second jack is fixed to be set up on the second base, the second dynamometer sets up the top of second jack, two anchor force transmission component pass through the draw-in groove with second dynamometer fixed connection.
Optionally, the double-anchor force transfer component comprises a first force transfer part, a second force transfer part and a connecting part, wherein the first force transfer part and the second force transfer part are arranged on two sides of the connecting part, the first force transfer part is arranged under the second groove, and the second force transfer part is arranged under the third groove.
Optionally, the lateral wall of the anchor plug body is provided with at least one fourth recess, the fourth recess is followed the direction of height of the anchor plug body sets up, be provided with at least one foil gage in the fourth recess, the foil gage is followed the direction of height of the anchor plug body sets up, adjacent two the interval sets up between the foil gage.
In another aspect, the present application provides a method for determining a tunnel anchor bearing capacity by push-back loading, the method comprising:
acquiring surrounding rock mass parameter information, anchor plug mass parameter information and test type information;
determining material parameters according to the surrounding rock parameter information and the anchor plug parameter information, wherein the material parameters comprise internal friction angle parameters, cohesive force, an elastic model and elastic modulus of the anchor plug;
according to the surrounding rock mass and the anchor plug body required by the material parameter configuration model, strain gauges are arranged in the anchor plug body;
performing axial force-strain calibration on the anchor plug body to obtain an axial force-strain calibration curve corresponding to the anchor plug body;
installing a test device according to the test type information, and arranging the anchor plug body and the surrounding rock body in the test device;
providing load for the anchor plug body by using a jacking device, and monitoring strain of the anchor plug body, bottom displacement, top displacement and rear anchor surface displacement of the surrounding rock body under the action of different levels of load;
calculating the axial force born by the anchor plug body under the load of different levels according to the strain of the anchor plug body under the load of different levels and the axial force-strain calibration curve to obtain axial force information;
and obtaining an anchor plug body load-axial force curve according to the axial force information, and obtaining an anchor plug body load-displacement curve according to the bottom displacement, the top displacement and the rear anchor face displacement of the surrounding rock body under the different-level load effects.
Optionally, when the test type information is a single anchor test, the first isolation device and the second isolation device are installed in the test box, the anchor plug body is arranged in the first groove, and the first jacking device is arranged under the first groove to provide load for the anchor plug body; when the test type information is a double-anchor test, the first isolation device and the second isolation device are disassembled, the two anchor plug bodies are arranged in the second groove and the third groove, and the second jacking device is arranged under the first groove so as to provide load for the anchor plug bodies in the second groove and the third groove.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, the first isolation device and the second isolation device are arranged in the test box, so that the test box can be disassembled into two test boxes with different sizes according to the requirement, and a single-anchor indoor model test and a double-anchor indoor model test can be respectively carried out, so that the problem that a single test device cannot realize two test conditions of a single anchor and a double anchor in the prior art is solved, meanwhile, a push-back force transmission mode is adopted, and a load can be applied only by arranging the jacking device at the bottom of the test box, and the operation is simple and convenient.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the embodiments of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor by push-back loading according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus for a push-back single anchor test according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a test apparatus for a push-back type double-anchor test according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an anchor plug according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a calibration device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of axial force versus strain calibration as described in the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of anchor plug load versus displacement for an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a graph of anchor plug load versus axial force for an embodiment of the present invention.
The marks in the figure: 1. a test chamber; 2. a first isolation device; 3. a second isolation device; 4. a second channel steel; 5. a first partition plate; 6. a first channel steel; 7. a second groove; 8. a first groove; 9. a third groove; 10. a surrounding rock mass; 11. an anchor plug body; 12. a first base; 13. a first jack; 14. a first load cell; 15. a second base; 16. a second jack; 17. a second load cell; 18. a first force transmission portion; 19. a second force transmission part; 20. a connection part; 21. a fourth groove; 22. a strain gage; 23. a reaction frame; 24. and a reaction frame cross beam.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only to distinguish the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a test device for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor by back-pushing loading, which comprises a test box 1, an isolation device, an anchor plug body 11 and a jacking device; the rock surrounding body 10 is arranged in the test box 1, the isolation device is perpendicular to the bottom plate of the test box 1, the bottom of the isolation device is in contact with the bottom plate of the test box 1, the top of the isolation device is in contact with the top of the test box 1, the isolation device comprises a first isolation device 2 and a second isolation device 3, a cavity is formed between the first isolation device 2 and the second isolation device 3, and a first groove 8 is formed in the bottom of the cavity; the anchor plug body 11 is arranged in the first groove 8, and a strain gauge 22 is arranged in the anchor plug body 11; the jacking device is arranged right below the first groove 8 and is used for applying acting force to the anchor plug body 11, when single-anchor indoor model test is carried out, a cavity is isolated in the test box 1 through arranging the first isolating device 2 and the second isolating device 3, so that the size requirement of the single-anchor test on the test box 1 is met, and the accuracy of test results is ensured.
In a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the first isolation device 2 includes a first channel steel 6, a second channel steel 4 and a first isolation board 5, the first channel steel 6 and the second channel steel 4 are disposed on two sides of the first isolation board 5, the first channel steel 6 and the second channel steel 4 are detachably connected with the test box 1, the first isolation board 5 is detachably connected with the first channel steel 6 and the second channel steel 4, a web plate of the second channel steel 4 is provided with at least one through hole, the through hole is disposed along the height direction of the test box 1, and the setting mode of the second isolation device 3 and the first isolation device 2 is the same, so that the details are omitted herein.
As shown in fig. 2, in a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the jacking device includes a first jacking device, the first jacking device is disposed under the first groove 8, the first jacking device includes a first base 12, a first jack 13 and a first dynamometer 14, the first jack 13 is fixedly disposed on the first base 12, the first dynamometer 14 is disposed between the first jack 13 and the bottom of the test box 1, a force transmission gasket is further disposed in the first groove 8, the anchor plug 11 is disposed in the first groove 8, and a single-anchor indoor model test can be performed by applying a load to the anchor plug 11 through the first jacking device.
In a specific embodiment of the disclosure, the bottom of the cavity is further provided with a second groove 7 and a third groove 9, the second groove 7 and the third groove 9 are arranged on two sides of the first groove 8, and force transmission gaskets are arranged in the second groove 7 and the third groove 9 so as to ensure that the load of the jacking device is uniformly applied to the anchor plug 11.
As shown in fig. 3, in a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the jacking device includes a second jacking device, the second jacking device is disposed below the test chamber 1, the second jacking device includes a second base 15, a second jack 16, a second dynamometer 17 and a dual-anchor force transfer member, the second jack 16 is fixedly disposed on the second base 15, the second dynamometer 17 is disposed at the top of the second jack 16, the dual-anchor force transfer member is fixedly connected with the second dynamometer 17 through a clamping groove, the dual-anchor force transfer member includes a first force transfer portion 18, a second force transfer portion 19 and a connecting portion 20, the first force transfer portion 18 and the second force transfer portion 19 are disposed at two sides of the connecting portion 20, the first force transfer portion 18 is disposed under the second groove 7, the second force transfer portion 19 is disposed under the third groove 9, and by disposing the second jacking device, the dual-anchor indoor model test can be implemented by applying a load to the anchor plug 11 in the second groove 7 and the third groove 9.
As shown in fig. 4, in a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one fourth groove 21 is disposed on a side wall of the anchor plug 11, the fourth groove 21 is disposed along a height direction of the anchor plug 11, at least one strain gauge 22 is disposed in the fourth groove 21, the strain gauge 22 is disposed along the height direction of the anchor plug 11, and two adjacent strain gauges 22 are disposed at intervals, in the prior art, the strain gauge 22 is typically adhered to a surface of the anchor plug 11, deformation of the anchor plug 11 is monitored, but damage to the strain gauge 22 is easily caused during filling and test loading of a surrounding rock 10 material, and stress characteristics of the anchor plug 11 during loading cannot be accurately determined.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a test method for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor by push-back loading, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring surrounding rock mass parameter information, anchor plug mass parameter information and test type information;
s2, determining material parameters according to the surrounding rock parameter information and the anchor plug parameter information, wherein the material parameters comprise internal friction angle parameters, cohesive force and elastic model of the surrounding rock 10 and elastic modulus of the anchor plug 11;
s3, configuring a surrounding rock body 10 and an anchor plug body 11 required by a model according to the material parameters, wherein strain gauges 22 are arranged in the anchor plug body;
in the step, quartz sand with 40-70 meshes, gypsum and water are adopted according to the mass ratio of 87:13:5, preparing a surrounding rock body 10 similar material with an internal friction angle j=25°, a cohesive force c=20 kpa and an elastic modulus e=50 Mpa, preparing an anchor plug body 11 similar material with an elastic modulus e=300 Mpa according to a water-paste ratio of 0.65, and pouring a fourth groove 21 arranged on the side wall of the anchor plug body 11 to protect the strain gauge 22 from being damaged in the loading process.
S4, carrying out axial force-strain calibration on the anchor plug body 11 to obtain an axial force-strain calibration curve corresponding to the anchor plug body;
in this step, the axial force-strain calibration is performed on the anchor plug 11 by using a calibration device, the calibration device comprises a reaction frame 23 and a reaction frame beam 24, the structure of the calibration device is shown in fig. 5, the anchor plug 11 is arranged between the reaction frame beam 24 and the jacking device, a force transmission gasket is arranged at the bottom of the anchor plug 11, a jack in the jacking device is connected with a dynamometer, the axial force provided by the hydraulic jack can be measured, the strain gauge 22 is connected with a strain acquisition instrument, the axial strain of the anchor plug 11 can be measured, the designed load P (200N is taken as an example in this application) is taken as a primary load through the jack during loading, each level load is maintained for 30min, the corresponding relation of the axial force and the strain under the action of each primary load is obtained, and an axial force-strain calibration curve is obtained according to the force-strain calibration curve, as shown in fig. 6.
S5, installing a test device according to the test type information, and arranging the anchor plug body 11 and the surrounding rock body 10 in the test device;
step S5 further includes step S51 and step S52, wherein specifically:
step S51, when the test type information is a single anchor test, the first isolation device 2 and the second isolation device 3 are installed in the test box 1, the anchor plug body 11 is arranged in the first groove 8, and the first jacking device is arranged under the first groove 8 to provide load for the anchor plug body 11;
and step S52, when the test type information is a double-anchor test, the first isolation device 2 and the second isolation device 3 are disassembled, two anchor plug bodies 11 are arranged in the second groove 7 and the third groove 9, and a second jacking device is arranged right below the first groove 8 to provide load for the anchor plug bodies 11 in the second groove 7 and the third groove 9.
In this embodiment, the dual-anchor indoor model test can be realized by disassembling the first isolation device 2 and the second isolation device 3, and the first isolation device 2 and the second isolation device 3 are installed inside the test box 1, so that a chamber can be isolated to realize the single-anchor indoor model test, and the problem that in the prior art, the single device cannot realize the single-anchor and dual-anchor test conditions is effectively solved.
Step S6, providing load for the anchor plug body 11 by using a jacking device, and monitoring the strain of the anchor plug body 11, the bottom displacement, the top displacement and the rear anchor surface displacement of the surrounding rock body 10 under the action of different levels of load;
in this step, displacement meters are arranged at the bottom, top and rear anchor surfaces of the surrounding rock body 10 to collect the bottom displacement, top displacement and rear anchor surface displacement parameters of the surrounding rock body 10 under the action of applying different levels of loads, and strain of the anchor plug body 11 under the action of different levels of loads can be collected through strain gauges 22 arranged inside the anchor plug body 11.
Step S7, calculating the axial force born by the anchor plug body 11 under the load action of different levels according to the strain of the anchor plug body 11 under the load action of different levels and the axial force-strain calibration curve to obtain axial force information;
in this step, since the calibration curve of axial force-strain has been obtained in step S4, the axial force applied to the anchor plug 11 under different levels of load can be calculated according to the strain of the anchor plug 11 under different levels of load, and axial force information is obtained.
And S8, obtaining an anchor plug body load-axial force curve according to the axial force information, and obtaining an anchor plug body load-displacement curve according to the bottom displacement, the top displacement and the rear anchor face displacement of the surrounding rock body 10 under the different-level load effect.
In this step, the axial force-strain calibration curve obtained by calibration in advance is combined with the test in the test box 1 to finally obtain an anchor plug body load-axial force curve, so that the stress characteristic of the tunnel anchor in the surrounding rock body 10 is explored, and the bearing capacity of the tunnel anchor is determined, wherein the anchor plug body load-axial force curve is shown in fig. 8, and according to the bottom displacement, the top displacement and the rear anchor face displacement of the surrounding rock body 10 under the action of different levels of load, an anchor plug body load-displacement curve is obtained, and as shown in fig. 7, the anchor plug body load-axial force curve obtained by the test and the anchor plug body load-displacement curve are analyzed in combination with the displacement condition of the anchor plug body 11 and the surrounding rock body 10 in the test process, so that the safety and the stability of the tunnel anchor can be further evaluated.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or are directions or positional relationships conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a push-back type loading confirms test device of tunnel anchor bearing capacity which characterized in that includes:
the device comprises a test box (1), wherein a surrounding rock body (10) is arranged in the test box (1);
the isolation device is arranged in the test box (1), the isolation device is perpendicular to the bottom plate of the test box (1), the bottom of the isolation device is in contact with the bottom plate of the test box (1), the top of the isolation device is in contact with the top of the test box (1), the isolation device comprises a first isolation device (2) and a second isolation device (3), a cavity is formed between the first isolation device (2) and the second isolation device (3), and a first groove (8) is formed in the bottom of the cavity;
the anchor plug body (11), the anchor plug body (11) is arranged in the first groove (8), and a strain gauge (22) is arranged in the anchor plug body (11); and
and the jacking device is arranged right below the first groove (8) and is used for applying acting force to the anchor plug body (11).
2. The test device for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor by backward pushing loading according to claim 1, wherein the first isolation device (2) comprises a first channel steel (6), a second channel steel (4) and a first isolation plate (5), the first channel steel (6) and the second channel steel (4) are arranged on two sides of the first isolation plate (5), the first channel steel (6) and the second channel steel (4) are detachably connected with the test box (1), and the first isolation plate (5) is detachably connected with the first channel steel (6) and the second channel steel (4).
3. The test device for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor according to claim 2, characterized in that the web of the second channel (4) is provided with at least one through hole, which is arranged in the height direction of the test chamber (1).
4. The test device for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor by back-pushing loading according to claim 1, wherein the jacking device comprises a first jacking device, the first jacking device is arranged right below the first groove (8), the first jacking device comprises a first base (12), a first jack (13) and a first dynamometer (14), the first jack (13) is fixedly arranged on the first base (12), and the first dynamometer (14) is arranged between the first jack (13) and the bottom of the test box (1).
5. The test device for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the chamber is further provided with a second groove (7) and a third groove (9), the second groove (7) and the third groove (9) being arranged on both sides of the first groove (8).
6. The test device for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor according to claim 5, wherein the jacking device comprises a second jacking device, the second jacking device is arranged below the test box (1), the second jacking device comprises a second base (15), a second jack (16), a second dynamometer (17) and a double-anchor force-transmitting member, the second jack (16) is fixedly arranged on the second base (15), the second dynamometer (17) is arranged at the top of the second jack (16), and the double-anchor force-transmitting member is fixedly connected with the second dynamometer (17) through a clamping groove.
7. The test device for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor according to claim 6, wherein the double-anchor force transfer member comprises a first force transfer part (18), a second force transfer part (19) and a connecting part (20), the first force transfer part (18) and the second force transfer part (19) are arranged on two sides of the connecting part (20), the first force transfer part (18) is arranged under the second groove (7), and the second force transfer part (19) is arranged under the third groove (9).
8. The test device for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor by back-pushing loading according to claim 1, wherein at least one fourth groove (21) is formed in the side wall of the anchor plug body (11), the fourth groove (21) is formed in the height direction of the anchor plug body (11), at least one strain gauge (22) is arranged in the fourth groove (21), the strain gauge (22) is formed in the height direction of the anchor plug body (11), and two adjacent strain gauges (22) are arranged at intervals.
9. A test method for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor by using a test device for determining the bearing capacity of a tunnel anchor by using a push-back load according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps:
acquiring surrounding rock mass parameter information, anchor plug mass parameter information and test type information;
determining material parameters according to the surrounding rock parameter information and the anchor plug parameter information, wherein the material parameters comprise internal friction angle parameters, cohesive force and elastic model of the surrounding rock (10) and elastic modulus of the anchor plug (11);
according to the surrounding rock body (10) and the anchor plug body (11) required by the material parameter configuration model, a strain gauge (22) is arranged in the anchor plug body (11);
calibrating axial force-strain of the anchor plug body (11) to obtain an axial force-strain calibration curve corresponding to the anchor plug body;
installing a test device according to the test type information, and arranging the anchor plug body (11) and the surrounding rock body (10) in the test device;
providing load for the anchor plug body (11) by utilizing a jacking device, and monitoring the strain of the anchor plug body (11), the bottom displacement, the top displacement and the rear anchor surface displacement of the surrounding rock body (10) under the action of different levels of load;
calculating the axial force born by the anchor plug body (11) under the different levels of load according to the strain of the anchor plug body (11) under the different levels of load and the axial force-strain calibration curve to obtain axial force information;
and obtaining an anchor plug body load-axial force curve according to the axial force information, and obtaining an anchor plug body load-displacement curve according to the bottom displacement, the top displacement and the rear anchor face displacement of the surrounding rock body (10) under the different levels of load.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein installing the test device according to the test type information comprises:
when the test type information is a single-anchor test, the first isolation device (2) and the second isolation device (3) are installed in the test box (1), the anchor plug body (11) is arranged in the first groove (8), and the first jacking device is arranged right below the first groove (8) to provide load for the anchor plug body (11);
when the test type information is a double-anchor test, the first isolation device (2) and the second isolation device (3) are disassembled, two anchor plug bodies (11) are arranged in the second groove (7) and the third groove (9), and the second jacking device is arranged under the first groove (8) so as to provide load for the anchor plug bodies (11) in the second groove (7) and the third groove (9).
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| CN117388082B (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-03-05 | 西南交通大学 | Forward-pulling type tunnel anchor indoor test model and test method |
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