CN114755122B - Test device and test method for full life cycle health monitoring of subway tunnel structure - Google Patents
Test device and test method for full life cycle health monitoring of subway tunnel structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A test device and a test method for full life cycle health monitoring of a subway tunnel structure, wherein the structure of the device is as follows: filling a test soil sample and a tunnel model in a model box, wherein the tunnel model consists of an annular lining structure and a ballast bed structure of an inner cavity; a pressure sensor is arranged between excitation equipment on the ballast bed structure and the ballast bed structure; acceleration sensors are arranged right above and on two sides of the tunnel model; the tunnel model includes: healthy tunnel model, series damaged tunnel model, and damaged tunnel model. The device can simulate and measure, set a subway tunnel structure with concrete materials, shape, specification and size in a soil environment, and dynamically respond to subway train vibration under different health conditions to obtain a series of time domain waveforms, frequency domain curves and inherent frequencies corresponding to the subway tunnel structure to be measured; the system and the method provide data support for the full life cycle health monitoring of the subway tunnel structure through the dynamic response of the test tunnel structure to the vibration of the subway train, so that the safety of the subway operation is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a model test device and a test method for subway tunnel health monitoring.
Technical Field
In recent years, underground rail transit construction in China is rapidly developed, and subway tunnels are widely used. The subway tunnel can cause the structural damage of the subway tunnel due to the factors of stratum dislocation, subway running vibration and the like, so that safety accidents are caused. In order to ensure the safety of subway operation, the health of the subway tunnel structure must be monitored through a perfect management system, the health condition of the subway tunnel structure must be scientifically estimated and predicted, and corresponding measures are taken to avoid the occurrence of accidents such as subway tunnel collapse, damage and the like, and ensure the safety of lives and properties of people; this has become an urgent requirement for engineering construction and management of subway tunnel structures.
At present, the health monitoring of the underground tunnel structure is mainly carried out manually: namely, workers enter the subway tunnel to be detected at regular intervals, and the detection equipment is installed on site to detect the strain deformation, displacement and external cracks of the subway tunnel structure at the detection points, so that the occurrence of safety accidents of the subway tunnel structure can be effectively avoided and reduced. However, the method can only detect the current health condition of the tunnel structure, and cannot comprehensively, accurately and continuously monitor the health condition of the whole life cycle of the tunnel in real time; if the time point of the deterioration of the subway tunnel structure is in the detection neutral position, it is difficult to avoid and prevent the occurrence of safety accidents. And it is difficult to find defects such as cracks in the tunnel structure, and measures cannot be taken in time to prevent the occurrence and development of the internal cracks, so that the occurrence of safety accidents is difficult to avoid and prevent. Meanwhile, the on-site detection is long in time consumption and high in cost, and especially when the tunnel structure is in a special geographical position (extreme environments such as deep mountain and extremely high and cold), the difficulty and danger of detection are increased, so that the detection cost is high and the detection is difficult to implement.
Studies have shown that subway tunnel structures crack (whether internal or external), with different dynamic responses to vibration; when excited by vibration, the time domain and frequency domain curves of the stress vibration change, and the natural frequency of the stress vibration also changes obviously. Therefore, it is theoretically possible to determine the health condition of the tunnel structure by detecting and analyzing the dynamic response of the subway tunnel structure to vibration. However, different soil bodies are positioned in the tunnel structure, different concrete materials, different shapes, specifications and sizes and different health conditions of the tunnel structure can cause different dynamic responses of the tunnel structure to vibration; that is, the corresponding dynamic response of different tunnel structures in operation to vibration under various health conditions is not clear in advance, so that the health conditions of the tunnel structures in operation cannot be judged directly through the dynamic response to the tunnel to be tested. Therefore, development of a test device and a test method for monitoring the whole life cycle health of a subway tunnel is needed to obtain the relationship between the health condition of the tunnel to be tested and the dynamic response of the tunnel to vibration, so as to provide data support for real-time health monitoring of the whole life cycle of the subway tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The first eyesight improving test device provided by the invention can simulate and measure, set a subway tunnel structure with concrete materials, shape specifications and dimensions in a soil environment, and respond to the power of subway train vibration under different health conditions to obtain a series of time domain waveforms and frequency domain curves of stimulated vibration of the subway tunnel structure to be tested under different health conditions and obtain a series of natural frequencies of the vibration of the subway tunnel structure to be tested; therefore, the dynamic response of the tunnel structure to the vibration of the subway train is tested in real time, the full life cycle health monitoring of the subway tunnel structure is realized, and the data support is provided, so that the safety of the subway operation is ensured.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the first eyesight improvement is that the test device for monitoring the whole life cycle health of the subway tunnel structure is characterized in that:
test device of whole life cycle health monitoring of subway tunnel structure, its characterized in that:
a test soil sample simulating soil is filled in the model box, a tunnel model simulating a tunnel is buried in the test soil sample, and the tunnel model consists of an annular lining structure and a ballast bed structure at the bottom of an inner cavity of the annular lining structure, which are integrally poured by reinforced concrete; the ballast bed structure is provided with excitation equipment; a pressure sensor is arranged between the excitation equipment and the ballast bed structure;
acceleration sensors are arranged on the inner walls right above the central axis and on the two sides of the tunnel model;
the tunnel model has a plurality of types: a healthy tunnel model simulating the healthy state of the tunnel and having no damage and cracks on the annular lining structure; a series of damaged tunnel models simulating different damage states of the tunnel and having damage cracks with different damage degrees on the annular lining structure; the annular lining structure simulating the damage state of the tunnel is provided with a damage tunnel model penetrating through cracks;
the excitation equipment, the pressure sensor and the acceleration sensor are electrically connected with the dynamic signal test analysis and control system.
The second invention aims to provide a test method for carrying out full life cycle health monitoring on the subway tunnel structure by using the test device for full life cycle health monitoring on the subway tunnel structure, wherein the test method can be used for rapidly and effectively measuring the subway tunnel structure with set concrete materials and shape specification and size in a set soil environment, and the dynamic response of the subway train vibration is carried out under different health conditions, so that a series of time domain waveforms and frequency domain curves of stimulated vibration of the subway tunnel structure to be tested under different health conditions are obtained, and a series of natural frequencies of the vibration of the subway tunnel structure to be tested are obtained; therefore, the dynamic response of the tunnel structure to the vibration of the subway train is tested in real time, the full life cycle health monitoring of the subway tunnel structure is realized, and the data support is provided, so that the safety of the subway operation is ensured.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the second purpose of the invention is that the test device for the whole life cycle health monitoring of the subway tunnel structure is used for testing the whole life cycle health monitoring of the subway tunnel structure, and the method comprises the following steps:
A. filling a test soil sample simulating a soil body in a model box, and embedding a healthy tunnel model;
B. the dynamic signal test analysis and control system starts the excitation equipment to enable the excitation equipment to generate excitation vibration with set frequency, amplitude and time so as to simulate the vibration load generated by a tunnel when the set train model and the set speed pass through the tunnel, and the vibration load is subjected to feedback control through a pressure sensor; meanwhile, the dynamic signal test analysis and control system collects and records stimulated vibration signals of the tunnel model measured by all acceleration sensors in the process of exciting vibration; subsequently, stopping the excitation vibration;
C. the dynamic signal test analysis and control system processes the stimulated vibration signal to obtain a time domain waveform and a frequency domain curve of stimulated vibration of the healthy tunnel model, and to obtain natural frequency of the vibration of the healthy tunnel model;
d1, replacing a tunnel model embedded in a model box with a damaged tunnel model in a damaged state in a series of damaged tunnel models;
and D2, repeating the operation of the step B; the dynamic signal test analysis and control system processes the stimulated vibration signal to obtain a time domain waveform and a frequency domain curve of stimulated vibration of the damaged tunnel model in the damaged state, and obtain the natural frequency of the vibration of the damaged tunnel model in the damaged state; completing the test of the damaged tunnel model in the damaged state;
d3, replacing the tunnel model embedded in the model box in the step D1 with a damaged tunnel model in another damaged state in the series of damaged tunnel models; repeating the operation of the step D2;
repeating the above operation until all the damaged tunnel models in the damaged state in the series of damaged tunnel models are tested;
E. replacing the tunnel model embedded in the model box with a damaged tunnel model; repeating the operation of the step B; the dynamic signal test analysis and control system processes the stimulated vibration signal to obtain a time domain waveform and a frequency domain curve of stimulated vibration of the damaged tunnel model, and obtain the natural frequency of the vibration of the damaged tunnel model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the soil environment of the tunnel to be tested is simulated in the test, and a series of simulated tunnels which are the same as the material of the tunnel to be tested and have the same size and specification but different health conditions (from healthy tunnels without cracks to tunnels with different damage states, and then to tunnels with damage states penetrating through the cracks) are prepared; further measuring dynamic response distribution data of the tunnel to be measured on subway vibration under different health states; and obtaining the corresponding time domain waveform, frequency domain curve and natural frequency of the excited vibration of the subway tunnel structure to be tested under different health conditions, and forming a test database. Therefore, the data support is provided for realizing the full life cycle health monitoring of the subway tunnel structure by testing the dynamic response of the tunnel structure to the vibration of the subway train in real time: the method comprises the steps of installing an acceleration sensor on a subway tunnel site, and acquiring the dynamic response of a subway tunnel structure to train vibration when a subway train passes through in real time to obtain the real-time domain waveform, the frequency domain curve and the natural frequency of stimulated vibration of the whole life cycle of the subway tunnel structure. And calculating and comparing the current real-time domain waveform, the frequency domain curve and the natural frequency with the time domain waveform, the frequency domain curve and the natural frequency in the test database, so that the health condition of the current subway tunnel structure can be judged and estimated. And further, continuous health monitoring of the whole life cycle of the subway tunnel structure is realized, so that the damage of the subway tunnel structure in different degrees can be timely found, and corresponding measures are taken to ensure the safety of subway operation.
2. According to the test device and the test method, excitation of excited vibration of the subway tunnel structure is derived from vibration generated to the tunnel when a set train model and a train speed simulated by excitation equipment on the ballast bed structure pass through the tunnel. When the health monitoring of the whole life cycle of the subway tunnel structure on site is realized, special excitation vibration is not required to be generated, the excitation vibration of the tunnel when a subway train passes is directly utilized, the cost of installing special excitation equipment is reduced, special excitation operation is saved, and the vibration accumulation damage of long-term special excitation vibration to the tunnel structure is avoided; the whole life cycle health monitoring of the subway tunnel structure is faster and more convenient.
3. According to the invention, 3 acceleration sensors are arranged on the vertical direction of the top part and the horizontal directions of the left side and the right side of the monitoring section of the subway tunnel structure; the horizontal dynamic response and the vertical dynamic response of the model tunnel structure to the train vibration are respectively obtained, so that the more comprehensive and complete dynamic response of the model tunnel structure to the train vibration can be obtained, and the test data (curve) of the model tunnel structure is more accurate and reliable.
4. The whole test device has the advantages of simple structure, simple and convenient test operation, low test cost, high controllability and good repeatability.
Further, the acceleration sensor of the present invention is a MEMS acceleration sensor.
The MEMS acceleration sensor is a micro-electromechanical system acceleration sensor, and has small volume, high sensitivity and high precision; the dynamic response of the simulated tunnel to vibration can be detected more reliably and accurately.
Further, the mold box of the present invention is made of an aluminum plate, and the inner wall of the mold box is attached with a foam plastic plate.
The foam plastic plate of the inner wall of the model box is a vibration absorbing material, can well absorb compression waves and shear waves transmitted to the boundary of the model box by subway vibration, can well simulate the absorption effect of semi-infinite medium on the vibration waves, and reduces the reflection effect of the vibration waves of the inner wall of the model box; thus, the test data is more accurate and reliable.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a device (tunnel model is a healthy tunnel model) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a damaged tunnel model of a damaged condition.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a damaged tunnel model.
Detailed Description
Examples
The invention relates to a test device for monitoring the whole life cycle health of a subway tunnel structure, which is characterized in that:
a test soil sample 2 simulating soil is filled in the model box 1, a tunnel model simulating a tunnel is buried in the test soil sample 2, and the tunnel model is composed of an annular lining structure 3a and a ballast bed structure 3b at the bottom of an inner cavity of the annular lining structure 3a, which are integrally poured by reinforced concrete; the ballast bed structure 3b is provided with excitation equipment 4; a pressure sensor 5 is arranged between the excitation equipment 4 and the ballast bed structure 3 b;
acceleration sensors 6 are arranged on the inner walls right above the central axis and on the two sides of the tunnel model;
the tunnel model has a plurality of types: a healthy tunnel model 3' simulating the healthy state of the tunnel and having no damage to cracks on the annular lining structure 3 a; a series of damaged tunnel models 3' simulating different damage states of the tunnel, wherein the annular lining structure 3a is provided with damage cracks B with different damage degrees; the annular lining structure 3a simulating the damaged state of the tunnel has a damaged tunnel model 3' "penetrating the crack C;
the excitation device 4, the pressure sensor 5 and the acceleration sensor 6 are electrically connected with a dynamic signal test analysis and control system.
The acceleration sensor 6 of this example is a MEMS acceleration sensor.
The mold box 1 of this example is made of an aluminum plate, and the inner wall of the mold box 1 is attached with a foam plate 1a.
The test method for carrying out the full life cycle health monitoring of the subway tunnel structure by using the test device for the full life cycle health monitoring of the subway tunnel structure comprises the following steps:
A. filling a test soil sample 2 simulating a soil body in the model box 1, and embedding a healthy tunnel model 3';
B. the dynamic signal test analysis and control system starts the excitation equipment 4, so that the excitation equipment 4 generates excitation vibration with set frequency, amplitude and time to simulate the vibration load generated by a tunnel when the set train model and the set speed pass through the tunnel, and the vibration load is subjected to feedback control through the pressure sensor 5; meanwhile, the dynamic signal test analysis and control system collects and records stimulated vibration signals of the tunnel model measured by all acceleration sensors 6 in the process of exciting vibration; subsequently, stopping the excitation vibration;
C. the dynamic signal test analysis and control system processes the stimulated vibration signal to obtain a time domain waveform and a frequency domain curve of stimulated vibration of the healthy tunnel model, and to obtain natural frequency of the vibration of the healthy tunnel model;
d1, replacing the tunnel model embedded in the model box 1 with a damaged tunnel model 3 'in a damaged state in a series of damaged tunnel models 3';
and D2, repeating the operation of the step B; the dynamic signal test analysis and control system processes the stimulated vibration signal to obtain a time domain waveform and a frequency domain curve of stimulated vibration of the damaged tunnel model 3 'in the damaged state, and obtain the natural frequency of vibration of the damaged tunnel model 3' in the damaged state; completing the test of the damaged tunnel model 3″ of the damaged state;
d3, replacing the tunnel model embedded in the model box 1 in the step D1 with a damaged tunnel model 3 'of another damaged state in the series of damaged tunnel models 3'; repeating the operation of the step D2;
repeating the above operation until all the damaged tunnel models 3 'of all the damaged states in the series of damaged tunnel models 3' are tested;
E. replacing the tunnel model embedded in the model box 1 with a damaged tunnel model 3' "; repeating the operation of the step B; the dynamic signal test analysis and control system processes the stimulated vibration signal to obtain a time domain waveform and a frequency domain curve of the stimulated vibration of the damaged tunnel model 3 'and obtain the natural frequency of the vibration of the damaged tunnel model 3'.
Claims (3)
1. A test method for full life cycle health monitoring of a subway tunnel structure comprises the following steps:
a test soil sample (2) simulating soil is filled in the model box (1), a tunnel model simulating a tunnel is buried in the test soil sample (2), and the tunnel model is composed of an annular lining structure (3 a) and a ballast bed structure (3 b) at the bottom of an inner cavity of the annular lining structure (3 a) which are integrally poured by reinforced concrete; an excitation device (4) is arranged on the ballast bed structure (3 b); a pressure sensor (5) is arranged between the excitation equipment (4) and the ballast bed structure (3 b);
acceleration sensors (6) are arranged on the inner walls right above the central axis and on the two sides of the tunnel model;
the tunnel model has a plurality of types: a healthy tunnel model (3') simulating the healthy state of the tunnel without damaging cracks on the annular lining structure (3 a); a series of damaged tunnel models (3 '') simulating different damage states of the tunnel, wherein the annular lining structure (3 a) is provided with damage cracks (B) with different damage degrees; a damaged tunnel model (3 ' ' ') simulating a damaged state of the tunnel, the ring-shaped lining structure (3 a) having a through crack (C);
the excitation equipment (4), the pressure sensor (5) and the acceleration sensor (6) are electrically connected with the dynamic signal test analysis and control system;
the test method for carrying out full life cycle health monitoring on the subway tunnel structure by using the test device comprises the following steps:
A. filling a test soil sample (2) simulating soil in the model box (1), and embedding a healthy tunnel model (3');
B. the dynamic signal test analysis and control system starts the excitation equipment (4), so that the excitation equipment (4) generates excitation vibration with set frequency, amplitude and time to simulate the vibration load generated by a tunnel when the set train model and the set speed pass through the tunnel, and the feedback control is performed through the pressure sensor (5); meanwhile, the dynamic signal test analysis and control system collects and records stimulated vibration signals of the tunnel model measured by all acceleration sensors (6) in the process of exciting vibration; subsequently, stopping the excitation vibration;
C. the dynamic signal test analysis and control system processes the stimulated vibration signal to obtain a time domain waveform and a frequency domain curve of stimulated vibration of the healthy tunnel model, and to obtain natural frequency of the vibration of the healthy tunnel model;
d1, replacing a tunnel model embedded in the model box (1) with a damaged tunnel model (3 '') in one damaged state in a series of damaged tunnel models (3 '');
and D2, repeating the operation of the step B; the dynamic signal test analysis and control system processes the stimulated vibration signal to obtain a time domain waveform and a frequency domain curve of stimulated vibration of the damaged tunnel model (3 '') in the damaged state, and obtain the natural frequency of the vibration of the damaged tunnel model (3 '') in the damaged state; completing the test of the damaged tunnel model (3 '') of the damaged state;
d3, replacing the tunnel model embedded in the model box (1) in the step D1 with a damaged tunnel model (3 ') in another damaged state in the series of damaged tunnel models (3'); repeating the operation of the step D2;
repeating the above operation until the damaged tunnel model (3 '') of all the damaged states in the series of damaged tunnel models (3 '') is tested;
E. replacing the tunnel model embedded in the model box (1) with a damaged tunnel model (3 ' ' '); repeating the operation of the step B; the dynamic signal test analysis and control system processes the stimulated vibration signal to obtain a time domain waveform and a frequency domain curve of stimulated vibration of the damaged tunnel model (3 '' '), and to obtain the natural frequency of the vibration of the damaged tunnel model (3' '').
2. The test method for full life cycle health monitoring of a subway tunnel structure according to claim 1, wherein: the acceleration sensor (6) is an MEMS acceleration sensor.
3. The method for testing the full life cycle health monitoring of the subway tunnel structure according to claim 1, wherein the model box (1) is made of aluminum plates, and foam plastic plates (1 a) are attached to the inner walls of the model box (1).
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