CN117383940A - 一种高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005475 siliconizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料及其制备方法,属于碳化硅陶瓷技术领域。本发明提供了一种高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将SiC粉体、石墨粉、分散剂、粘结剂和溶剂混合,进行球磨,得到混合浆料;将所述混合浆料进行喷雾造粒,得到复合粉体;将所述复合粉体进行成型,得到陶瓷素坯;将所述陶瓷素坯进行脱脂,得到脱脂素坯;将所述脱脂素坯进行渗硅,得到高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料。本发明通过计算渗硅的量使其与部分石墨反应全部生成碳化硅,多余的石墨作为第二相保留在SiC陶瓷中提高材料的自润滑性能,最终得到高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于碳化硅陶瓷技术领域,具体涉及一种高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷具有高熔点、高硬度、化学稳定性好、耐磨、强度高等优点,是重要的密封候选材料,可广泛的应用于机械密封和轴承、航空航天等领域。同时碳化硅(SiC)材料具有中子吸收截面小、高温力学性能好、热导率高等优点,是核能系统中极具前景的结构材料,因此SiC陶瓷材料可以应用于核工业领域的轴封关键部件,其关系到整个核电系统的安全运行。
一般较纯的碳化硅材料摩擦系数较高,磨损量大,长时间使用易导致材料失效,并容易引起震动和噪声。现有技术中通常将碳(C)与SiC相结合,将含有碳(C)与SiC的脱脂素坯进行渗硅处理来提高碳化硅陶瓷材料的自润滑性能,但在渗硅烧结时碳(C)与硅会完全反应,虽然可以制备绝佳的耐磨损材料,但是得到的SiC陶瓷材料强度较低,产品较脆,不利于应用。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料及其制备方法。本发明提供的碳化硅陶瓷材料具有高强、高韧性的特点。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将SiC粉体、石墨粉、分散剂、粘结剂和溶剂混合,进行球磨,得到混合浆料;
将所述混合浆料进行喷雾造粒,得到复合粉体;
将所述复合粉体进行成型,得到陶瓷素坯;
将所述陶瓷素坯进行脱脂,得到脱脂素坯;
将所述脱脂素坯进行渗硅,得到高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料;
所述渗硅时所用硅的质量与石墨粉的质量比为(1~6):10。
优选的,所述SiC粉体为β-SiC粉体;所述SiC粉体的粒径为3~100μm;所述石墨粉为多孔导电石墨粉;所述SiC粉体的质量占所述SiC粉体和石墨粉总质量的40~60%。
优选的,所述分散剂包括硬脂酸、正丁醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种或几种;所述分散剂的添加量为所述SiC粉体和石墨粉总质量的0.1~0.5wt%。
优选的,所述粘结剂包括酚醛树脂、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和环氧树脂中的一种或多种;所述粘结剂的添加量为所述SiC粉体和石墨粉总质量的5~10wt%。
优选的,所述溶剂包括水或乙醇;所述混合浆料的固含量为40~50wt%。
优选的,所述成型包括干压成型和/或等静压成型;所述干压成型的压力为15~100MPa,等静压成型的压力为150~210MPa。
优选的,所述脱脂的温度为900~1200℃,时间为12~48h;所述脱脂素坯的气孔率为10~40%,孔径为0.01~20μm。
优选的,所述渗硅的温度为1450~1750℃,时间为60~120min。
本发明提供了上述方案所述制备方法制备得到的高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料,包括SiC、石墨和硅;所述碳化硅陶瓷材料的抗弯强度为100~250MPa,抗拉强度为50~100MPa,抗压强度为480~660MPa,断裂韧性为3.8~4.2MPam1/2。
优选的,所述碳化硅陶瓷材料的密度为2.55~2.90g·cm-3,弹性模量为120~260GPa,热导率为90~140W·m-1·K-1,维氏硬度为20~28GPa。
本发明提供了一种高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将SiC粉体、石墨粉与分散剂、粘结剂和溶剂混合,进行球磨,得到混合浆料;将所述混合浆料进行喷雾造粒,得到复合粉体;将所述复合粉体进行成型,得到陶瓷素坯;将所述陶瓷素坯进行脱脂,得到脱脂素坯;将所述脱脂素坯进行渗硅,得到高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料;所述渗硅时所用硅的质量与石墨粉的质量比为(1~6):10。本发明通过计算渗硅的量使其与部分石墨反应生成碳化硅,多余的石墨作为第二相保留在SiC陶瓷中提高材料的自润滑性能,最终得到高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料。
实施例结果表明,本发明制备得到的碳化硅陶瓷材料的抗弯强度为100~250MPa,抗拉强度为50~100MPa,抗压强度为480~660MPa,断裂韧性为3.8~4.2MPam1/2,密度为2.55~2.90g·cm-3,弹性模量为120~260GPa,热导率为90~140W·m-1·K-1,维氏硬度为20~28GPa。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1制备得到的碳化硅陶瓷材料的金相显微图。
图2为对比例2的反应烧结碳化硅的金相显微图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将SiC粉体、石墨粉、分散剂、粘结剂和溶剂混合,进行球磨,得到混合浆料;
将所述混合浆料进行喷雾造粒,得到复合粉体;
将所述复合粉体进行成型,得到陶瓷素坯;
将所述陶瓷素坯进行脱脂,得到脱脂素坯;
将所述脱脂素坯进行渗硅,得到高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料。
在本发明中,未经特殊说明,所用原料均为本领域熟知的市售商品。
本发明将SiC粉体、石墨粉、分散剂、粘结剂和溶剂混合,进行球磨,得到混合浆料。
在本发明中,所述SiC粉体优选为β-SiC粉体;所述SiC粉体的粒径优选为3~100μm,进一步优选为50~100μm,更优选为60~80μm;所述石墨粉优选为多孔导电石墨粉;所述SiC粉体的质量优选占所述SiC粉体和石墨粉总质量的40~60%,进一步优选为45~55%,更优选为48~52%。
在本发明中,所述分散剂优选包括硬脂酸(SA)、正丁醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)中的一种或几种;所述分散剂的添加量优选为所述SiC粉体和石墨粉总质量的0.1~0.5wt%,进一步优选为0.2~0.4wt%。在本发明中,所述粘结剂优选包括酚醛树脂、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和环氧树脂中的一种或多种;所述粘结剂的添加量优选为所述SiC粉体和石墨粉总质量的5~10wt%,进一步优选为6~8wt%。在本发明中,所述溶剂优选包括水或乙醇;所述球磨的时间优选为2~6h,在本发明中具体可以为2h、3h、4h、5h或6h。在本发明中,所述混合浆料的固含量优选为40~50wt%,进一步优选为40~45wt%。
得到所述混合浆料后,本发明将所述混合浆料进行喷雾造粒,得到复合粉体。
所述喷雾造粒前,本发明优选将所述混合浆料过筛;所述过筛优选为过80目的筛网。
在本发明中,所述喷雾造粒优选采用离心式喷雾干燥机进行,所述离心式喷雾干燥剂的进口温度优选为180±15℃,进一步优选为180±10℃,更优选为180±5℃;所述离心式喷雾干燥机出口温度优选为85±10℃,进一步优选为85±5℃,更优选为85±3℃。在本发明中,所述复合粉体的粒径优选为10~150μm,进一步优选为20~130μm,更优选为40~100μm。
得到所述复合粉体后,本发明将所述复合粉体进行成型,得到陶瓷素坯。
在本发明中,所述成型优选包括干压成型和/或等静压成型;所述干压成型的压力优选为15~100MPa,进一步优选为30~80MPa,更优选为40~70MPa;所述等静压成型的压力优选为150~210MPa,进一步优选为160~205MPa,更优选为170~190MPa。
得到所述陶瓷素坯后,本发明将所述陶瓷素坯进行脱脂能够除去分散剂、粘结剂等有机物以及溶剂,得到脱脂素坯。
在本发明中,所述脱脂的温度优选为900~1200℃,进一步优选为900~1100℃,更优选为950~1050℃;所述脱脂的时间优选为12~48h,进一步优选为18~40h,更优选为22~35h;所述脱脂素坯的气孔率优选为10~40%,进一步优选为20~30%,更优选为22~27%;所述脱脂素坯的孔径优选为0.01~20μm,进一步优选为1~20μm,更优选为5~15μm。
得到脱脂素坯后,本发明将所述脱脂素坯进行渗硅,得到高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料。
在本发明中,所述渗硅的温度优选为1450~1750℃,进一步优选为1480~1730℃,更优选为1550~1650℃;所述渗硅的时间优选为60~120min,进一步优选为70~110min,更优选为80~100min。在本发明中,所述渗硅时所用硅的质量与石墨粉的质量比为(1~6):10,优选(2~5):10,进一步优选为(2.5~4.5):10。
本发明通过计算渗硅的量使其与部分石墨反应生成碳化硅,多余的石墨作为第二相保留在SiC陶瓷中提高材料的自润滑性能,最终得到高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料。
本发明提供了上述方案所述制备方法制备得到的高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料,包括SiC、石墨和硅;所述碳化硅陶瓷材料的抗弯强度为100~250MPa,抗拉强度为50~100MPa,抗压强度为480~660MPa,断裂韧性为3.8~4.2MPam1/2。
在本发明中,所述SiC的含量优选为50~75wt%,更优选为52~70wt%,进一步优选为55~65wt%;所述石墨的含量优选为15~50wt%,更优选为20~45wt%,进一步优选为30~40wt%;所述硅的含量为>0%且≤10%,优选为1~8wt%,进一步优选为3~6wt%。在本发明中,所述碳化硅陶瓷材料的密度优选为2.55~2.90g·cm-3,弹性模量优选为120~260GPa,热导率优选为90~140W·m-1·K-1,维氏硬度优选为20~28GPa。
为了进一步说明本发明,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明提供的高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料以及制备方法进行详细地描述,但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
将D50为3μm的β-SiC粉体、多孔导电石墨粉、分散剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、粘结剂PVA和溶剂水混合,进行球磨,得到固含量为45wt%的混合浆料;其中β-SiC粉体的质量占所述β-SiC粉体和多孔导电石墨粉总质量的50wt%,分散剂添加量为β-SiC粉体和多孔导电石墨粉总质量的0.2wt%,粘结剂的添加量为β-SiC粉体和多孔导电石墨粉总质量含量的5wt%;
将所述混合浆料依次进行过筛和喷雾造粒,得到流动性良好的复合粉体;
将所述复合粉体放入模具中进行干压成型,干压成型压力为40Mpa,随后进行等静压成型,等静压成型压力为200Mpa,得到陶瓷素坯;
将所述陶瓷素坯进行脱脂,脱脂温度1200℃,脱脂时间为24h,得到脱脂素坯,所述脱脂素坯的气孔率为12%,平均孔径为1μm;
将所述脱脂素坯在1600℃进行渗硅处理,渗硅的时间为80min,渗硅时所用硅的质量与石墨粉的质量比为3:10,得到高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料,其SiC含量为55wt%、石墨含量为40wt%、硅含量为5wt%。物理性能见表1。图1为实施例1制备得到的碳化硅陶瓷材料的金相显微图,从图中能够看出(图片圈起来位置是未反应的残留石墨),含有石墨弥散在碳化硅陶瓷材料中,起到了增韧作用(断裂韧性大),且有利于提高碳化硅陶瓷材料的自润滑性能(表面存在致密的石墨)。
实施例2
将D50为50μm的β-SiC粉体、多孔导电石墨粉、分散剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、粘结剂酚醛树脂和溶剂乙醇混合,进行球磨,得到固含量为45wt%的混合浆料;其中β-SiC粉体的质量占所述β-SiC粉体和多孔导电石墨粉总质量的50wt%,分散剂添加量为β-SiC粉体和多孔导电石墨粉总质量的0.2wt%,粘结剂的添加量为β-SiC粉体和多孔导电石墨粉总质量的10wt%;
将所述混合浆料依次进行过筛和喷雾造粒,得到流动性良好的复合粉体;
将得到的复合粉体放入模具中进行干压成型,干压成型压力为40Mpa,随后进行等静压成型,等静压成型压力为150Mpa,得到陶瓷素坯;
将所述陶瓷素坯进行脱脂,脱脂温度1200℃,脱脂时间为24h,得到脱脂素坯,所述脱脂素坯的气孔率为20%,平均孔径为5μm;
将所述脱脂素坯在1750℃进行渗硅处理,渗硅的时间为90min,渗硅时所用硅的质量与石墨粉的质量比为4:10,得到高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料,其SiC含量为62wt%、石墨含量为36wt%、硅含量为2wt%。物理性能见表1。
实施例3
将D50为100μm的β-SiC粉体、多孔导电石墨粉、分散剂硬脂酸(SA)、粘结剂酚醛树脂和溶剂乙醇混合,进行球磨,得到固含量为45wt%的混合浆料;其中β-SiC粉体的质量占所述β-SiC粉体和多孔导电石墨粉总质量的60wt%,分散剂添加量为所述β-SiC粉体和多孔导电石墨粉总质量的0.2wt%,粘结剂的添加量为β-SiC粉体和多孔导电石墨粉总质量的8wt%;
将所述混合浆料依次进行过筛和喷雾造粒,得到流动性良好的复合粉体;
将所述复合粉体放入模具中进行干压成型,干压成型压力为100Mpa,得到陶瓷素坯;
将所述陶瓷素坯进行脱脂,脱脂温度1200℃,脱脂时间为24h,得到脱脂素坯,所述脱脂素坯的气孔率为30%,平均孔径为10μm;
将所述脱脂素坯在1550℃进行渗硅处理,渗硅的时间为100min,渗硅时所用硅的质量与石墨粉的质量比为4.5:10,得到高强、高韧性碳化硅陶瓷材料,其SiC含量为75wt%、石墨含量为15wt%、硅含量为10wt%。物理性能见表1。
对比例1
与实施例1的制备过程相同,区别在于渗硅时所用硅的质量与石墨粉的质量比为8:10。物理性能见表1。
对比例2
制备方法见专利CN 112341202 B中实施例3,具体为一种提高反应烧结碳化硅性能的造粒粉,包括下述重量份的原料:碳化硅微粉100重量份、炭黑12重量份、分散剂1.0重量份、粘结剂PAF-356重量份、甘油1.0重量份、酚醛树脂802210重量份;所述碳化硅微粉的粒径为13um;所述炭黑为天然气槽法炭黑;所述分散剂为分散剂KV5088;所述酚醛树脂8022由下述重量份的原料制成:酚醛树脂73重量份、苯酚4.3重量份、甲醛0.5重量份、水23重量份;步骤如下:(1)将分散剂和炭黑加入水中,所用水的量为分散剂和炭黑总量的4%,混合搅拌均匀,得混合料;(2)向混合料中依次加入碳化硅微粉、粘结剂PAF-35、甘油和酚醛树脂8022混合搅拌均匀,得浆料;(3)将浆料依次经目数为150目的振动筛过筛处理、采用喷雾造粒塔进行喷雾造粒得造粒粉;造粒参数:离心式喷雾干燥机进口温度190±10℃,出口温度:90±10℃;然后压制毛坯进行预烧脱脂(880℃预烧),预烧完毕后进行车加工,再次通过比例称重相应的硅片进入高温炉进行渗硅,烧结温度:1520±30℃。
图2为对比例2的反应烧结碳化硅的金相显微图,从图中能够看出几乎没有石墨残余。物理性能见表1。
表1实施例1~3以及对比例1~2制备得到的材料性能
从表1中可知,使用本发明所述制备方法制备得到的碳化硅陶瓷材料在具有高韧性的同时具有良好的强度。
尽管上述实施例对本发明做出了详尽的描述,但它仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,人们还可以根据本实施例在不经创造性前提下获得其他实施例,这些实施例都属于本发明保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将SiC粉体、石墨粉、分散剂、粘结剂和溶剂混合,进行球磨,得到混合浆料;
将所述混合浆料进行喷雾造粒,得到复合粉体;
将所述复合粉体进行成型,得到陶瓷素坯;
将所述陶瓷素坯进行脱脂,得到脱脂素坯;
将所述脱脂素坯进行渗硅,得到高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料;
所述渗硅时所用硅的质量与石墨粉的质量比为(1~6):10。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述SiC粉体为β-SiC粉体;所述SiC粉体的粒径为3~100μm;所述石墨粉为多孔导电石墨粉;所述SiC粉体的质量占所述SiC粉体和石墨粉总质量的40~60%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述分散剂包括硬脂酸、正丁醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种或几种;所述分散剂的添加量为所述SiC粉体和石墨粉总质量的0.1~0.5wt%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粘结剂包括酚醛树脂、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和环氧树脂中的一种或多种;所述粘结剂的添加量为所述SiC粉体和石墨粉总质量的5~10wt%。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂包括水或乙醇;所述混合浆料的固含量为40~50wt%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述成型包括干压成型和/或等静压成型;所述干压成型的压力为15~100MPa,等静压成型的压力为150~210MPa。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述脱脂的温度为900~1200℃,时间为12~48h;所述脱脂素坯的气孔率为10~40%,孔径为0.01~20μm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述渗硅的温度为1450~1750℃,时间为60~120min。
9.权利要求1~8任意一项所述制备方法制备得到的高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料,其特征在于,包括SiC、石墨和硅;所述碳化硅陶瓷材料的抗弯强度为100~250MPa,抗拉强度为50~100MPa,抗压强度为480~660MPa,断裂韧性为3.8~4.2MPam1/2。
10.根据权利要求9所述的高强、高韧性的碳化硅陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述碳化硅陶瓷材料的密度为2.55~2.90g·cm-3,弹性模量为120~260GPa,热导率为90~140W·m-1·K-1,维氏硬度为20~28GPa。
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