CN117378430A - Pleurotus geesteranus matrix and cultivation method of pleurotus geesteranus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a pleurotus geesteranus substrate and a pleurotus geesteranus cultivation method. The matrix is composed of the following components: 17-22 wt% of camellia oleifera shell, 16-20 wt% of cotton seed shell, and the balance of wood component, sugar nutritional component and mineral component. According to the invention, through the compounding coordination of the oil tea fruit shells and the cotton seed shells, a unique matrix system suitable for the growth and development of the pleurotus geesteranus is formed, the pleurotus geesteranus can generate stronger nutrient accumulation advantage in the matrix, the nutrition value of the pleurotus geesteranus is greatly improved, the polysaccharide and other nutrition components in the pleurotus geesteranus are obviously improved, and meanwhile, the phenomenon of obviously reducing the yield of the pleurotus geesteranus is avoided through the compounding coordination.

Description

Pleurotus geesteranus matrix and cultivation method of pleurotus geesteranus

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a pleurotus geesteranus substrate and a pleurotus geesteranus cultivation method.

Background

Pleurotus geesteranus (Pleurotus geesteranus) is also known as Lentinus Edodes, pleurotus geesteranus, pleurotus sajor-caju, etc., belonging to Pleurotus genus (Pleurotus) of the order Pleurotaceae (Agrocybe) of the order Agaricales (Basidiomycetes) belonging to the phylum Eumycota. The scientific name of Pleurotus ostreatus is Pleurotus ostreatus, ji Ping and Pleurotus ostreatus.

The pleurotus geesteranus is one of the rare edible fungi newly introduced and developed at the end of the 20 th century in China. Through the development of the last ten years, the method is now favored by the vast consumers in China. The edible fungi has rich medicinal value, such as reducing the concentration of cholesterol and blood fat in human bodies, enhancing immunity, resisting tumors and the like, and is a rare edible fungi which is deeply favored by wide consumers.

The cultivation technology of the pleurotus geesteranus gradually becomes a hot spot, and the reasonable cultivation mode not only can generate economic benefit, but also can obtain good social benefit and ecological benefit. The conventional cultivation formula is to finely adjust and improve the proportion of each component on the basis of the traditional formula taking cotton seed hulls as main raw materials. However, the existing agricultural waste recycling rate is not high, and the cost is increased due to the improvement of the price of the cotton seed hulls and the inconvenience in transportation in recent years, so that the existing agricultural waste recycling is a necessity for replacing the cotton seed hulls to cultivate pleurotus geesteranus. Meanwhile, the accumulation of the nutrient components such as polysaccharide in the existing pleurotus geesteranus is slower, and the product quality is relatively unstable.

The camellia oleifera shells contain rich cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, are byproducts in the tea seed oil industry, and are ideal materials for being used as carbon sources and nitrogen sources of edible fungus culture media. The camellia oleifera is used as a special woody oil tree seed in China and is mainly distributed on the middle and downstream plain of the Yangtze river, millions of tons of camellia oleifera shells can be produced each year in the processing process of the camellia oleifera, and most of the camellia oleifera shells are directly discarded or burnt. The bag making cost can be reduced by recycling the pleurotus geesteranus, and the possibility of improving the quality of the pleurotus geesteranus can be explored simultaneously by integrating and recycling resources.

At present, the culture of the mushroom by using the camellia oleifera shells has more application. The technical scheme shows that the addition of the oil tea fruit shells plays a remarkable role in accelerating the development and increasing the yield of the hypsizygus marmoreus, as in the CN105724061A patent, the accelerating of the growth and the yield of the hypsizygus marmoreus can be realized when the oil tea fruit shells are used for culturing the hypsizygus marmoreus, as in the CN103396245A patent, the growing period of the hypsizygus marmoreus can be shortened, the protein content of the hypsizygus marmoreus can be improved, and the nutritive value can be improved as in the CN104030817A patent.

However, researches show that the effect of the oil tea fruit shells on the pleurotus geesteranus is obviously different from that of common mushrooms, and the main growth promoting components which act in the hypsizigus marmoreus, the pleurotus cornucopiae and the agrocybe aegerita have obvious growth inhibiting effect on the pleurotus geesteranus, so that the oil tea fruit shells can be effectively used for the research of cultivating the pleurotus geesteranus, and have profound significance in popularization and production of high-quality pleurotus geesteranus, ecological protection and promotion of ecological civilization construction.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a substrate special for cultivating pleurotus geesteranus and a method for cultivating pleurotus geesteranus by using the substrate, aiming at solving the problems that the existing substrate is high in cost and limited in cultivation effect, and the existing cultivation scheme of the camellia oleifera shell substrate is not suitable for cultivating pleurotus geesteranus.

The main purpose of the invention is that:

1. improving the side effect of the oil tea fruit shells on the yield reduction of the cultivation of the pleurotus geesteranus;

2. comprehensively improves the quality of the pleurotus geesteranus.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme.

A stroma of pleurotus geesteranus,

the matrix is composed of the following components:

17-22 wt% of camellia oleifera shell, 16-20 wt% of cotton seed shell, and the balance of wood component, sugar nutritional component and mineral component.

In the technical scheme of the invention, the wooden component, the sugar nutrient component and the mineral component are all common pleurotus geesteranus matrix components, provide some basic nutrients for the growth of pleurotus geesteranus, and can be directly added by selecting conventional components. The camellia oleifera shell and the cottonseed shell are the most important substance components for the present invention and ultimately determine the matrix effect.

The camellia oleifera fruit shell contains a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and tannin components unique to the camellia oleifera fruit shell, wherein the tannin components have remarkable antibacterial effect, so that the tannin components (hereinafter referred to as tannin) contained in the camellia oleifera fruit shell actually have a common inhibition effect on most edible mushrooms, for example, in the cultivation of pleurotus geesteranus, the simple addition of the camellia oleifera fruit shell can lead to a large amount of yield reduction of the pleurotus geesteranus, and meanwhile, the tannin components are also shown in common mushrooms such as golden mushrooms. However, for part of mushrooms, the oil tea fruit shells show stronger superiority, such as seafood mushrooms and agaricus blazei, have stronger lignin, cellulose and other decomposition capacities, so that even if the oil tea fruit shells are influenced by tannins, the oil tea fruit shells also have stronger nutrient acquisition capacity, on the contrary, due to the bacteriostasis of tannins, the nutrient acquisition competition capacity is strong in the actual cultivation process, growth advantages are formed, and the oil tea fruit shells have strong environmental adaptability to acidic matrixes, even the oil tea fruit shells are easier to generate growth advantages under acidic conditions, and the matrixes are acidified to a certain extent by adding the oil tea fruit shells, so that the development of the oil tea fruit shells is promoted to a certain extent.

However, the pleurotus geesteranus is different, the pleurotus geesteranus has more severe requirements on the growing environment, and even if the water content or the environmental humidity is changed, the pleurotus geesteranus can easily generate obvious growing difference. If the water content is lower than 65%, the fruiting body will be degraded easily due to slow maturation and low primordium formation, and if the ambient humidity is lower than 70%, the fruiting body will be withered, the primordium formation will be low, the yield will be significantly degraded, the quality will be reduced, and if the relative humidity is higher than 95%. In addition, the temperature requirements of the pleurotus geesteranus are strictly different in different cultivation stages. It is seen that the actual stress resistance and adaptability of the pleurotus geesteranus to the environment are relatively poor, and under the condition of directly adding and using the camellia oleifera shells, the breeding of the pleurotus geesteranus can be greatly limited, so that the yield of the pleurotus geesteranus is greatly reduced. However, in the research, the pleurotus geesteranus has unique growth characteristics, and under the condition of inhibiting growth, the pleurotus geesteranus can form stronger nutrient conversion and accumulation advantages, so that the nutrition value of the pleurotus geesteranus is remarkably improved, and the improvement range of the pleurotus geesteranus is in direct proportion to the dosage of oil tea fruit shells. Based on the characteristics, the inventor finds that the cottonseed hulls are added in a compounding manner in the research process, the cottonseed hulls have unique condensed tannins, the inhibition effect of the camellia oleifera hulls on the pleurotus geesteranus can be reduced to a certain extent, the effects of promoting development and increasing yield which are not existed in the camellia oleifera hulls are generated, and the compounding use of the camellia oleifera hulls and the cottonseed hulls is obvious in synergistic effect on the cultivation of the pleurotus geesteranus.

As a preferred alternative to this,

the dosage and mass ratio of the camellia oleifera fruit shell to the cottonseed shell is (1.05-1.10): 1.

as mentioned above, the oil tea fruit shell and the cotton seed shell need to cooperate when in use, so the use ratio of the oil tea fruit shell and the cotton seed shell can greatly influence the use effect. When the dosage of the oil tea fruit shells is too large, the breeding of the pleurotus geesteranus is obviously inhibited, the yield is reduced, the using effect of the cotton seed shells is poor and even corresponding effects cannot be generated, and when the dosage of the cotton seed shells is too large, the effect of accumulating nutrient substances generated by the oil tea fruit shells on the pleurotus geesteranus is weakened, so that the nutritive value of the pleurotus geesteranus is obviously reduced. Therefore, in order to produce a good synergistic effect, the relative amounts of the two components need to be controlled more severely.

As a preferred alternative to this,

the wooden component comprises wood chips and/or bran and/or corncob and/or corn meal.

The above wood components are common wood components, and some differences may occur during actual use. While wood chips and bran are still commonly used for cost reduction.

As a preferred alternative to this,

the wooden component at least comprises wood dust, and the wood dust accounts for 35-45-wt% of the total mass of the matrix.

The wood dust is used as a component rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, has obvious effect on the growth and development of the mushrooms, is used as the most widely used matrix main component, and has the characteristic of improving the porosity in the matrix.

As a preferred alternative to this,

the carbohydrate nutrition component accounts for 0.5-1.5 wt% of the total mass of the matrix;

the mineral component accounts for 0.5-1.5-wt% of the total mass of the matrix.

The sugar nutrient component and the mineral component are all supplementary nutrient additives, and can be adjusted and added in the common range to ensure that the pleurotus geesteranus has relatively excellent cultivation effect. The actual dosage of the pleurotus geesteranus and the pleurotus geesteranus can be adjusted within the range of 0.1-3.0 wt%, but for the technical scheme of the invention, the adjusting effect is relatively optimal within the range, and the pleurotus geesteranus is more beneficial to forming nutrient enrichment advantages.

A method for cultivating pleurotus geesteranus,

the method comprises the following steps:

1) Mixing the ingredients: weighing all the components of the pleurotus geesteranus matrix according to a proportion, adding 1.2-1.3 times of water in mass fraction into the matrix, and preparing the pleurotus geesteranus matrix into wet materials;

2) Bagging and sterilizing: bagging wet materials, and sterilizing at normal pressure and/or high pressure after bagging to obtain a sterilized matrix;

3) Inoculating and spawning: inoculating the sterilized matrix, sealing into a fungus bag, inoculating, performing initial fungus growing cultivation, performing temperature and humidity control and light-proof cultivation in the fungus growing cultivation process, and performing after-ripening fungus growing cultivation after the mycelia grow fully into the bag to obtain physiological mature mycelia;

4) Cultivating and harvesting: and (5) transferring the fungus bags filled with the physiologically mature mycelia into a fruiting room for cultivation, and picking the fungus bags until a proper picking period.

The method is a common method for cultivating the pleurotus geesteranus, and the nutrition value of the pleurotus geesteranus can be greatly improved on the basis of ensuring the yield by matching with the common cultivation method based on the pleurotus geesteranus matrix used by the invention.

As a preferred alternative to this,

the normal pressure sterilization in the step 2) is as follows: sterilizing at 95-105 deg.c and 0.9-1.05 atm for 12-16 h;

step 2) the autoclaving is: sterilizing at 121-131 deg.c and under 1.4-1.6 atm condition in 2-3 h.

In the sterilization operation, normal-pressure sterilization is common sterilization operation treatment, and for the technical scheme of the invention, unique high-pressure sterilization can generate a certain influence on the tannin component in the camellia oleifera shells, so that the tannin component is decomposed and converted to a certain extent, substances such as pyrogallol are generated, and the polysaccharide synthesis of pleurotus geesteranus is promoted. The polysaccharide of the pleurotus geesteranus is taken as an important active ingredient, and has the effects of resisting tumor, reducing blood fat, resisting oxidation, protecting liver and the like, and has great medicinal potential. Therefore, the synthesis of the pleurotus geesteranus polysaccharide is promoted, and the nutritive value and the potential medicinal value of the pleurotus geesteranus polysaccharide can be obviously improved.

As a preferred alternative to this,

in the initial fungus growing and cultivating process, controlling the environmental temperature to be 26-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-70%, and opening the fungus bag and sealing until the fungus bag grows fully until the mycelium is higher than half of the fungus bag;

in the post-maturation fungus culturing process of the step 3), the environment temperature is controlled to be 24-26 ℃ for at least 20 days.

For common pleurotus geesteranus cultivation, the humidity is required to be strictly controlled between 70 and 90 percent, and the camellia oleifera fruit shell has a certain influence on the growth and development trend of the pleurotus geesteranus, so that the pleurotus geesteranus is more suitable for cultivation under the condition of relatively low humidity, a better cultivation effect is generated, and the nutritional value of the pleurotus geesteranus is improved.

As a preferred alternative to this,

the suitable harvesting period is a period before the mushroom cap grows to 2-5 cm, the cap edge is slightly and internally coiled, and spores are not ejected yet.

Due to the nutrient accumulation advantage, a small part of pleurotus geesteranus caps cultivated by the method have a certain increase, so that the discrimination of the harvest adaptation period is different from the discrimination of the conventional pleurotus geesteranus harvest adaptation period.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

according to the invention, through the compounding cooperation of the oil tea fruit shells and the cotton seed shells, a unique matrix system suitable for the growth and development of the pleurotus geesteranus is formed, the pleurotus geesteranus can generate stronger nutrient accumulation advantage in the matrix, the nutrition value of the pleurotus geesteranus is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the yield of the pleurotus geesteranus is obviously reduced is avoided through the compounding cooperation;

in addition, the invention integrates and recycles the waste resource of the oil tea fruit shells, provides an alternative scheme for the middle and downstream plain areas of the Yangtze river, which lack cotton seed hulls as raw materials of the pleurotus geesteranus culture medium, recycles wastes which possibly affect the environment, plays a role in saving cost, and reduces the price per ton of raw materials by 16.7-20.8 percent compared with the cotton seed hulls.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the yields of the first pleurotus geesteranus from each test group of example 1;

FIG. 2 shows the average growth rate of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus geesteranus in each test group of example 1;

FIG. 3 shows the moisture content of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus geesteranus of each test group in example 1;

FIG. 4 shows the water extract content of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus geesteranus in each test group of example 1;

FIG. 5 shows ash content of fruiting bodies of Pleurotus geesteranus in each test group of example 1;

FIG. 6 shows crude fiber content of pleurotus geesteranus fruiting bodies of each test group of example 1;

FIG. 7 shows crude polysaccharide content of pleurotus geesteranus fruiting bodies of each test group of example 1;

FIG. 8 shows crude protein content of pleurotus geesteranus fruiting bodies of each test group of example 1;

FIG. 9 shows the DPPH radical scavenging rate of the fruiting body aqueous extract of Pleurotus geesteranus in each test group of example 1;

FIG. 10 shows the radical scavenging rate of ABTS of the fruiting body aqueous extract of Pleurotus geesteranus of the test group of example 1;

FIG. 11 shows the total amino acid content of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus geesteranus in each test group of example 1;

FIG. 12 shows glutamic acid and methionine contents of pleurotus geesteranus fruiting bodies of each test group of example 1;

FIG. 13 shows the amino acid contents (I) of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus geesteranus of each test group in example 1;

FIG. 14 shows the amino acid contents (I) of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus geesteranus of each test group in example 1.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples and figures of the specification. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to implement the invention based on these descriptions. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention referred to in the following description are typically only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, all other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, based on the embodiments of the present invention.

The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are all commercially available or available to those skilled in the art unless specifically stated otherwise; the methods used in the examples of the present invention are those known to those skilled in the art unless specifically stated otherwise.

Example 1

A cultivation method of pleurotus geesteranus comprises the following specific steps:

1) Mixing the ingredients: weighing all the components of the pleurotus geesteranus matrix according to a proportion, adding 1.2-1.3 times of water in mass fraction into the matrix, and preparing the pleurotus geesteranus matrix into wet materials;

2) Bagging and sterilizing: bagging wet materials, and sterilizing 15 h at 100 ℃ under normal pressure under the condition of 1.0 atm after bagging to obtain a sterilized matrix;

3) Inoculating and spawning: inoculating a sterilization matrix, sealing into a fungus bag, inoculating, performing initial fermentation cultivation, dynamically controlling the environmental temperature to be 26-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-70%, culturing in a dark place until the mycelium is higher than half of the fungus bag, unsealing the fungus bag until the mycelium grows up to the fungus bag, then performing after-ripening cultivation, and dynamically controlling the environmental temperature to be 24-26 ℃ for 30 days to obtain physiological mature mycelium;

4) Cultivating and harvesting: transferring the fungus bag filled with the physiological mature mycelia into a fruiting room, covering soil for cultivation until a proper harvesting period, wherein the specific cultivation process is the existing cultivation process, namely, after the soil covering cultivation, proper water spraying is carried out every day to keep the water content and the environment relative humidity, after the soil covering cultivation, white fungus is covered on the surface of a soil layer and stops spraying water to promote the lodging of mycelia, the growth state of pleurotus geesteranus is changed, the fungus bag enters a reproductive growth stage, the air relative humidity is dynamically controlled to be 85-95%, the cultivation temperature is dynamically controlled to be 20-30 ℃ (8:00-18:00 in daytime) and controlled to be 27-30 ℃ in nighttime and 18:00-8:00 in the next day, ventilation is enhanced, watering and air spraying are carried out for 5 times every day to the soil surface, the humidity is kept, when a large number of fungus buds appear on the surface of the cultivation bag, the fungus cover grows to 2-5 cm, the edge of the fungus cover is slightly inner-curled, and spores are not ejected before the fungus bag is picked up to be a proper harvesting period, and harvesting treatment is carried out.

In this example, a matrix control group was set, and the other incubation processes and parameters were all identical except for the differences in matrix, as a transversal control, and the matrix ingredients used were as shown in the following table:

the cultivation effect of each numbered substrate of this example was characterized. Wherein the yield characterization results are shown in FIG. 1. As is evident from FIG. 1, as the amount of oil tea hulls increases, the yield of the cultivated pleurotus geesteranus decreases, but the decrease starts from group A3, and the yield reduction effect of the oil tea hulls is inhibited by the cotton hulls before group A3. In this process, the hypha growth rate was recorded as shown in FIG. 2. From fig. 2, it can be seen that the oil tea fruit shell has an obvious effect of inhibiting the growth of pleurotus geesteranus hypha, and the nutrition value of the obtained pleurotus geesteranus is characterized as shown in fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7 and fig. 8 along with the increase of the usage amount, and the nutrition value content of the pleurotus geesteranus obviously shows an ascending trend along with the addition and use of the oil tea fruit shell, and in combination with fig. 2, it can be seen that the accumulation of nutrition substances and the hypha growth rate show a certain negative correlation. As can be seen from the characterization result of fig. 7, there is a significant difference between the actual crude polysaccharide and other nutrients, wherein the matrix A1 to A3 increases the crude polysaccharide content with the increase of the oil tea fruit shell dosage, and then the crude polysaccharide content rapidly shows a significant decrease trend with the further increase of the oil tea fruit shell content, mainly because the influence of the unique condensation component in the cottonseed shell on the tannin component in the oil tea fruit shell decomposes the condensed component to a certain extent to form pyrogallol, thereby promoting the synthesis of the pleurotus geesteranus polysaccharide component. In addition, the oxidation resistance of the water extract under the same condition is characterized, and the characterization results are shown in fig. 9 and 10. From the characterization results, the pleurotus geesteranus cultivated by the cotton seed hulls in the A1 group has a certain antioxidant capacity, the clearance rate of DPPH free radicals reaches about 61.77%, the clearance rate of ABTS free radicals reaches about 40.41%, the clear capacity of DPPH free radicals gradually rises along with the addition of the oil tea hulls, the antioxidant capacity of the pleurotus geesteranus is obviously improved, the clearance rate of the ABTS free radicals in the A3 group is the lowest in FIG. 10, the enzyme activity of laccase is the lowest, a certain negative correlation exists between the enzyme activity of the pleurotus geesteranus and the crude polysaccharide content of the pleurotus geesteranus, the saccharide substance component in the A3 group is maximally converted into the crude polysaccharide, and the laccase is used as a monosaccharide protein, and the content of the laccase is obviously influenced and accords with expectations. In addition, sixteen amino acid components and total amino acid content in the pleurotus geesteranus are characterized, the characterization results are shown in fig. 11, fig. 12, fig. 13 and fig. 14, and the characterization results show that the camellia oleifera shells are comprehensive and comprehensive in nutrition quality improvement of the pleurotus geesteranus, and have obvious differences with the camellia oleifera shells acting on the rest of the pleurotus geesteranus. In the experimental process, the same matrix of A3 group is used for testing the golden mushrooms belonging to Pleurotus, the yield of the golden mushrooms is reduced by about 22% and the nutrition quality is not obviously improved, and the same Pleurotus ostreatus is tested, so that a certain yield increasing effect is generated and the nutrition quality is slightly reduced. It can be seen that the matrix formulation of the present invention is mainly applicable to the subject that only pleurotus geesteranus is currently known.

Example 2

Based on the A3 test set protocol of example 1, 30 different sets of matrices were made with only the mechanism components adjusted, and the same comparative incubation was performed, with 8 sets of matrices as follows:

in the table: the wood chip content to 100 is expressed as its complement total content to 100%.

The same characterization test as in example 1 was performed on several of the above groups. Test results show that the B1, B3 and B5 test groups have good effects of maintaining yield and improving nutritional value, good yield and nutritional ingredients are maintained, and the yield of the B2 test group is reduced by about 12.2 percent compared with that of the A3 test group, and obvious yield reduction occurs. Compared with the A3 test group and the B2 test group, the nutritional values of the two test groups are not obviously different, which indicates that the nutritional value of pleurotus geesteranus is not obviously influenced by the cotton seed hulls, and from the characterization of the hypha growth rate, the early hypha growth rate of the B2 test group is obviously inhibited, the later period is obviously accelerated, the average growth rate is obviously different from that of the A3 test group in nearly uniform growth, and the average growth rate is close to that of the A5 test group, but the front-back difference is smaller. The cotton seed hulls can play a role in slow release to a certain extent, and have a role in controlling the growth of pleurotus geesteranus. Compared with the A3 test group, the B4 test group has about 8.7 percent of yield reduction, the nutrition value quality is slightly reduced correspondingly, the reduction of the nutrition component content is mainly caused by the reduction effect of the consumption of camellia seed shells, and the cottonseed shells still have a certain yield effect under the condition of relatively small consumption. The yield retention rate of the B6 test group was relatively excellent, but the hypha growth rate was significantly increased, and the nutrient content was reduced to some extent, particularly in terms of crude polysaccharide performance, by about 3.9%, from 5.62% to about 5.40% in the A3 test group, and by about 5.6% in comparison with the B5 test group.

In addition, the nutritional quality improvement of the B7 test group was significantly less than that of the B3 test group, and the yield of the B8 test group was significantly less than that of the B5 and B6 test groups.

And (3) through a plurality of groups of transverse comparison tests, selecting the optimal oil tea fruit shell usage amount, cotton seed shell usage amount and relative usage amount of the oil tea fruit shell and cotton seed shell.

Example 3

Based on the technical scheme of the test group A3 in example 1, the substrate was modified as the test group C, specifically:

the sunflower seed hulls are used for replacing cotton seed hulls, and the specific matrix component dosage ratio is the same as that of the A3 test group.

After the same cultivation and characterization, the improvement effect of the nutrient components of the C test group is closer to that of the A3 test group, a certain fluctuation exists in a small range, but the C test group is approximately the same, the yield is reduced by about 39% compared with that of the A3 test group, and the cotton seed hulls are not provided with yield increasing effect in the conventional use, but rather have yield increasing effect in the technical scheme of the invention.

Example 4

A cultivation method of pleurotus geesteranus comprises the following specific steps:

1) Mixing the ingredients: weighing all the components of the pleurotus geesteranus matrix according to a proportion, adding 1.2-1.3 times of water in mass fraction into the matrix, and preparing the pleurotus geesteranus matrix into wet materials;

2) Bagging and sterilizing: bagging the wet materials, and sterilizing at 126 ℃ under a condition of 1.5 atm for 2.5 h to obtain a sterilized matrix;

3) Inoculating and spawning: inoculating a sterilization matrix, sealing into a fungus bag, inoculating, performing initial fermentation cultivation, dynamically controlling the environmental temperature to be 26-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-70%, culturing in a dark place until the mycelium is higher than half of the fungus bag, unsealing the fungus bag until the mycelium grows up to the fungus bag, then performing after-ripening cultivation, and dynamically controlling the environmental temperature to be 24-26 ℃ for 30 days to obtain physiological mature mycelium;

4) Cultivating and harvesting: transferring the fungus bag filled with the physiological mature mycelia into a fruiting room, covering soil for cultivation until a proper harvesting period, wherein the specific cultivation process is the existing cultivation process, namely, after the soil covering cultivation, proper water spraying is carried out every day to keep the water content and the environment relative humidity, after the soil covering cultivation, white fungus is covered on the surface of a soil layer and stops spraying water to promote the lodging of mycelia, the growth state of pleurotus geesteranus is changed, the fungus bag enters a reproductive growth stage, the air relative humidity is dynamically controlled to be 85-95%, the cultivation temperature is dynamically controlled to be 20-30 ℃ (8:00-18:00 in daytime) and controlled to be 27-30 ℃ in nighttime and 18:00-8:00 in the next day, ventilation is enhanced, watering and air spraying are carried out for 5 times every day to the soil surface, the humidity is kept, when a large number of fungus buds appear on the surface of the cultivation bag, the fungus cover grows to 2-5 cm, the edge of the fungus cover is slightly inner-curled, and spores are not ejected before the fungus bag is picked up to be a proper harvesting period, and harvesting treatment is carried out.

The matrix formulations used in this example are shown in the following table:

the same characterization as in example 1 was carried out on the pleurotus geesteranus cultivated in this example, and the characterization result shows that the cultivation result in this example hardly differs significantly from the A3 test group in example 1 in terms of yield, but there is some difference in nutrient composition. For example, the extract content, ash content, crude fiber content, protein content, various amino acid contents and DPPH free radical clearance are all relatively similar to those of the A3 test group in the embodiment 1, but the crude polysaccharide content is further improved to 5.96%, and the ABTS free radical clearance is also improved to 31.21%, which indicates that after high-temperature sterilization treatment, the components of the camellia oleifera shells are changed to a certain extent, the pleurotus geesteranus can be promoted to absorb sugar nutrients, and meanwhile, the conversion utilization rate of the pleurotus geesteranus to monosaccharides is further improved due to the improvement of the content of the pyrogallol, so that the improvement range of the crude polysaccharide content is higher than that of the ABTS free radical clearance, and different sterilization treatment processes have a certain influence on the technical scheme of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A pleurotus geesteranus matrix is characterized in that,

the matrix is composed of the following components:

17-22 wt% of camellia oleifera shell, 16-20 wt% of cotton seed shell, and the balance of wood component, sugar nutritional component and mineral component.

2. The Pleurotus geesteranus substrate in accordance with claim 1, wherein,

the dosage and mass ratio of the camellia oleifera fruit shell to the cottonseed shell is (1.05-1.10): 1.

3. the Pleurotus geesteranus matrix according to claim 1, wherein,

the wooden component comprises wood chips and/or bran and/or corncob and/or corn meal.

4. A pleurotus geesteranus substrate according to claim 1 or 3, wherein,

the wooden component at least comprises wood dust, and the wood dust accounts for 35-45-wt% of the total mass of the matrix.

5. The Pleurotus geesteranus matrix according to claim 1, wherein,

the carbohydrate nutrition component accounts for 0.5-1.5 wt% of the total mass of the matrix;

the mineral component accounts for 0.5-1.5-wt% of the total mass of the matrix.

6. A cultivation method of pleurotus geesteranus is characterized in that,

the method comprises the following steps:

1) Mixing the ingredients: weighing all the components of the pleurotus geesteranus matrix according to a proportion, adding 1.2-1.3 times of water in mass fraction into the matrix, and preparing the pleurotus geesteranus matrix into wet materials;

2) Bagging and sterilizing: bagging wet materials, and sterilizing at normal pressure and/or high pressure after bagging to obtain a sterilized matrix;

3) Inoculating and spawning: inoculating the sterilized matrix, sealing into a fungus bag, inoculating, performing initial fungus growing cultivation, performing temperature and humidity control and light-proof cultivation in the fungus growing cultivation process, and performing after-ripening fungus growing cultivation after the mycelia grow fully into the bag to obtain physiological mature mycelia;

4) Cultivating and harvesting: and (5) transferring the fungus bags filled with the physiologically mature mycelia into a fruiting room for cultivation, and picking the fungus bags until a proper picking period.

7. The cultivation method of Pleurotus geesteranus according to claim 6, wherein,

the normal pressure sterilization in the step 2) is as follows: sterilizing at 95-105 deg.c and 0.9-1.05 atm for 12-16 h;

step 2) the autoclaving is: sterilizing at 121-131 deg.c and under 1.4-1.6 atm condition in 2-3 h.

8. The cultivation method of Pleurotus geesteranus according to claim 6, wherein,

in the initial fungus growing and cultivating process, controlling the environmental temperature to be 26-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-70%, and opening the fungus bag and sealing until the fungus bag grows fully until the mycelium is higher than half of the fungus bag;

in the post-maturation fungus culturing process of the step 3), the environment temperature is controlled to be 24-26 ℃ for at least 20 days.

9. The cultivation method of Pleurotus geesteranus according to claim 6, wherein,

the suitable harvesting period is a period before the mushroom cap grows to 2-5 cm, the cap edge is slightly and internally coiled, and spores are not ejected yet.