CN117367108A - Sintering equipment and sintering method - Google Patents
Sintering equipment and sintering method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117367108A CN117367108A CN202311614629.0A CN202311614629A CN117367108A CN 117367108 A CN117367108 A CN 117367108A CN 202311614629 A CN202311614629 A CN 202311614629A CN 117367108 A CN117367108 A CN 117367108A
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 and the like Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
- F27B9/26—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on or in trucks, sleds, or containers
- F27B9/262—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on or in trucks, sleds, or containers on or in trucks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/001—Extraction of waste gases, collection of fumes and hoods used therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
- F27M2003/04—Sintering
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of metallurgical sintering, and particularly relates to sintering equipment and a sintering method. The sintering equipment comprises: the sintering machine comprises a trolley for loading and transporting sintering materials for sintering, and a sealed heat-insulating cover positioned above the trolley, wherein an ignition section, a heat-insulating section and a hydrogenation section are sequentially distributed between the trolley and the sealed heat-insulating cover along the moving direction of the trolley, the ignition section is provided with an igniter for igniting and burning the sintering materials, and the hydrogenation section is provided with a nozzle for adding hydrogen-containing gas to the sintering materials; and the negative pressure system is positioned below the trolley and used for forming a negative pressure environment below the sintering material and collecting smoke and heat generated by ignition and combustion of the sintering material. The nozzle arranged in the hydrogenation section can add hydrogen-containing gas to the sintering material, and the hydrogen-containing gas permeates into the sintering material under the action of the negative pressure system, so that the fuel burnt by the sintering material is supplemented, the dependence of the sintering material on solid fuel is reduced, and the carbon emission in the sintering process is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of metallurgical sintering, and particularly relates to sintering equipment and a sintering method.
Background
In the ferrous metallurgy industry, in order to improve the production efficiency of a blast furnace, it is generally necessary to agglomerate the ore fines after beneficiation. Among the various agglomeration methods, iron ore sintering is one of the most dominant methods of iron ore agglomeration. In the sintering process, ore after mineral dressing, flux (limestone, quicklime, slaked lime, dolomite, magnesite and the like) and fuel (coke powder, anthracite) and the like can be matched according to the required proportion, water is added and mixed to prepare a granular mixture, and then the mixture is tiled on a sintering machine trolley and is sintered into blocks through ignition and air draft. The burned sinter is crushed by a single-roller crusher at the tail of the machine, and is sent to a cooler for cooling after being screened. And conveying the cooled finished sintered ore to a blast furnace.
The sintering process is used as an important link of steel production, the energy consumption of the sintering process is about 10% -15% of the total energy consumption of the steel production, the solid fuel consumption and the ignition energy consumption in the traditional sintering process are 80% -90%, the carbon emission of the process is large, and the pollutants are more, for example, a large amount of SO is generated 2 、NOx、CO 2 And the carcinogen dioxin and other pollutants, which severely restrict the sustainable development of the steel industry. With global carbon emission control, low-carbon and low-cost sintering is becoming more and more important, and especially the metallurgical industry is a key industry of carbon emission, and how to reduce the carbon emission is a main problem facing the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to provide sintering equipment and a sintering method, so as to solve the defects in the prior art, and the method can realize low-carbon sintering and has the characteristics of low sintering cost and low carbon emission.
The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
the present application provides in a first aspect a sintering apparatus comprising:
the sintering machine comprises a trolley for loading and transporting sintering materials for sintering, and a sealed heat-insulating cover positioned above the trolley, wherein an ignition section, a heat-insulating section and a hydrogenation section are sequentially distributed between the trolley and the sealed heat-insulating cover along the moving direction of the trolley, the ignition section is provided with an igniter for igniting and burning the sintering materials, and the hydrogenation section is provided with a nozzle for adding hydrogen-containing gas to the sintering materials; the method comprises the steps of,
and the negative pressure system is positioned below the trolley and used for forming a negative pressure environment below the sintering material and collecting smoke and heat generated by ignition and combustion of the sintering material.
In some embodiments, the hydrogenation section comprises a plurality of zones distributed sequentially along the direction of movement of the trolley, and each zone is independently configured with a hydrogen-containing gas flow rate.
The sintering apparatus described above, in some embodiments, the nozzles of each zone add a different composition and/or proportion of hydrogen-containing gas.
In some embodiments, the sintering apparatus described above, the gas sources to which the nozzles of each zone are connected are independent.
As described above, in some embodiments, the hydrogenation section includes a primary hydrogenation zone, a secondary hydrogenation zone and a tertiary hydrogenation zone which are distributed in sequence along the moving direction of the trolley, and the primary hydrogenation zone length is 1/4-1/3 of the whole sintering material surface length, the secondary hydrogenation zone length is 1/5-1/4 of the whole sintering material surface length, and the tertiary hydrogenation zone length is 1/7~1/5 of the whole sintering material surface length.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a sintering method comprising the steps of:
providing a sintering apparatus as described above; distributing the bedding material, the first mixture which does not comprise the solid fuel and the second mixture which comprises the solid fuel on the trolley in sequence to form a sintered material; and starting an igniter to ignite and burn the sintering material, starting a negative pressure system at the same time, and adding hydrogen-containing gas to the sintering material by using a nozzle.
The sintering process as described above, in some embodiments, the height of the cloth on the trolley satisfies at least one of the following limitations: the thickness of the bedding material is 20-40 mm; the thickness of the first mixture is 1/6-1/5 of the height of the trolley-mounted material.
In some embodiments, the solid fuel comprises 20-35 kg/t of the second mixture.
In some embodiments, the amount of hydrogen added is reduced zone by zone along the direction of movement of the trolley, as described above.
In some embodiments, the hydrogen-containing gas comprises a mixed gas consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, as described above.
The utility model provides a sintering equipment has distributed in proper order between platform truck and sealed heat preservation cover and fires section, heat preservation section and hydrogenation section along the platform truck direction of movement, and the sintering material is fired at the ignition section and is burnt the back and get into hydrogenation section promptly through heat preservation section, and the nozzle of hydrogenation section configuration can add hydrogen-containing gas to the sintering material, and hydrogen-containing gas oozes to the sintering material under negative pressure system's effect to the fuel that the sintering material was burnt has been replenished, this helps reducing the sintering material to solid fuel's dependence, still can reach good sintering level under the lower circumstances of solid fuel content in the sintering material, ensures the quality of sintering piece. And the sintering equipment reduces the carbon emission when the sintering process is implemented.
According to the sintering method, when the sintering equipment provided by the application is used for carrying out the sintering process, the hydrogen-containing gas flow of each region can be independently configured, for example, the hydrogen-containing gas flow of each region is in a decreasing trend along the moving direction of the trolley, and the method of adding the hydrogen-containing gas in a segmented manner is beneficial to fully utilizing the heat storage effect of the material layer, so that the consumption of energy sources is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sintering apparatus and a sintering process in the related art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sintering apparatus according to one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of steps of a sintering method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of the drawings:
10. a hopper; 11. a barrel mixer; 12. a buffer funnel; 13. a barrel feeder; 14. a discharge chute; 15. a sintering machine tray; 16. loading a layer; 17. igniting a furnace; 18. a wind box; 19. a cutoff plate;
20. a sintering machine; 201. a trolley; 202. sealing the heat preservation cover; 203. an ignition section; 204. a heat preservation section; 205. a hydrogenation section; 2051. a first-stage hydrogenation zone; 2052. a secondary hydrogenation zone; 2053. a third-stage hydrogenation zone; 206. a nozzle; 207. partition walls; 208. an igniter; 21. a negative pressure system; 211 negative pressure fan.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The sintered ore is a main raw material of a blast furnace iron-making method, and is generally manufactured through a sintering process, and fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sintering apparatus and a sintering process in the related art. The raw materials of the sinter are iron ore fines, sinter undersize powder, reclaimed powder produced in iron works, auxiliary raw materials containing CaO such as limestone and dolomite, granulating aids such as quicklime, and the like, and coke powder or anthracite, and these raw materials are fed from the hoppers 10 to a conveyor belt in a predetermined ratio. After a proper amount of water is added to the raw materials to be conveyed by a barrel mixer 11, the raw materials are mixed and granulated to form sintering raw materials with an average particle size of 3-6 mm in a quasi-particle shape. These sintering materials are then discharged from a buffer hopper 12 provided in a sintering machine, and are fed through a barrel feeder 13 and a discharge chute 14 to a circular moving sintering machine tray (pallet) 15 at a thickness of 400 to 800mm (the thickness can be controlled by a cutoff plate 19), to form a loading layer 16 called a sintering bed. Then, the surface layer of the carbon material is ignited by an ignition furnace 17 provided above the charge layer 16, and air above the charge layer is sucked downward by a bellows 18 provided directly below the tray 15, whereby the carbon material in the charge layer is burned in sequence, and the sintering material is melted by the combustion heat generated at this time, thereby obtaining a sintered mass. Then, the agglomerate obtained in this way is crushed and granulated, and the agglomerate of about 5mm or more is recovered as a finished sinter, and fed to a blast furnace.
The section of the material layer in the process of sintering the iron ore is divided into five zones, namely a sinter zone, a combustion zone, a preheating zone, a drying zone and a mixture zone from top to bottom. After the sintering material is ignited, the surface layer sintering ore is firstly contacted with air, cooled and crystallized into sintering ore. The ignition temperature of the surface layer of the sintering ore is not high enough, the high-temperature time is kept short, the cooling speed is high, the strength is generally poor compared with the lower layer, and the thickness of the brittle sintering ore can reach 50-100 mm at the discharge end of the sintering machine. In addition, the underlying sintering material is burned by the solid fuel incorporated therein depending on the heat attracted to the underlying layer to generate combustion heat so that the underlying sintering material is melted, which inevitably consumes a large amount of solid fuel and generates a large amount of carbon emissions.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a sintering apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the sintering device provided by the present application includes a sintering machine 20, where the sintering machine 20 includes a trolley 201 for transporting sintering materials for sintering and a sealed heat-insulating cover 202 located above the trolley 201, where the sealed heat-insulating cover 202 insulates the sintering materials to reduce the cooling speed of the sintering materials, prevent the surface layer from cooling faster and embrittling, and also prevent smoke leakage; in the embodiment, an ignition section 203, a heat preservation section 204 and a hydrogenation section 205 are sequentially distributed between the trolley 201 and the sealing heat preservation cover 202 along the moving direction of the trolley 201, wherein the ignition section 203 is provided with an igniter 208 for igniting and burning a sintering material, and the hydrogenation section 205 is provided with a nozzle 206 for adding hydrogen-containing gas to the sintering material; the sintering equipment further comprises a negative pressure system 21 positioned below the trolley 201, wherein the negative pressure system 21 is used for forming a negative pressure environment below the sintering material, and collecting smoke and heat generated by ignition and combustion of the sintering material, and the heat enables the sintering material close to the lower layer to be ignited and combusted and fully generate sintering reaction.
In the embodiment of the application, after the sintering material is distributed on the trolley 201 of the sintering machine, the sintering material sequentially passes through the ignition section 203, the heat preservation section 204 and the hydrogenation section 205 in the moving direction of the trolley 201, and the surface layer of the sintering material is ignited to burn in the ignition section 203, the hydrogenation section 205 can be a complete continuous area or can comprise a plurality of areas, the adjacent areas can be separated by partition walls 207, the adjacent areas can be independently controlled, the combustion conditions (such as the addition amount of hydrogen-containing gas, the combustion temperature of the sintering material and the like) are controlled in a segmented manner, and the segmented combustion of the sintering material is realized. In some embodiments, the hydrogenation section 205 includes a plurality of zones sequentially distributed along the moving direction of the trolley (the moving direction is the direction from the loading end to the unloading end of the sintering machine), and each zone may independently add the hydrogen-containing gas through the nozzle 206, specifically, for the purpose of independently adding the hydrogen-containing gas through the nozzle 206 in each zone, the gas sources connected to the nozzle 206 in each zone are independent from each other, and the components and/or proportions of the hydrogen-containing gas added by the nozzle 206 in each zone are different. In yet another embodiment, a partition 207 is provided between adjacent zones to achieve division of the hydrogenation zone. In an embodiment, the hydrogenation section 205 includes a first hydrogenation zone 2051, a second hydrogenation zone 2052 and a third hydrogenation zone 2053 sequentially distributed along the moving direction of the trolley, the lengths of the first hydrogenation zone 2051, the second hydrogenation zone 2052 and the third hydrogenation zone 2053 are sequentially reduced, and the amounts of the hydrogen sprayed by the nozzles 206 of the first hydrogenation zone 2051, the second hydrogenation zone 2052 and the third hydrogenation zone 2053 are sequentially reduced, and the length of the first hydrogenation zone 2051 occupies 1/4 to 1/3 (including the end value and any value in the middle of the end values) of the whole sintered charge surface, the length of the second hydrogenation zone 2052 occupies 1/5 to 1/4 (including the end value and any value in the middle of the end values) of the whole sintered charge surface, and the length of the third hydrogenation zone 2053 occupies 1/7~1/5 (including the end value and any value in the middle of the end values) of the whole sintered charge surface.
At present, the sintering process of the iron and steel enterprises comprises the steps of mixing prepared iron concentrate powder, rich ore powder, blast furnace dust, steel rolling skin, limestone, dolomite and coke powder or anthracite powder according to a calculated proportion, and then delivering the mixture to a mixer for uniform mixing and granulating; the mixed materials are spread on a trolley by a distributing device for ignition and sintering, and the sintering process is in transition dependence on solid fuel, has large carbon discharge and causes serious environmental pollution. Therefore, aiming at the problems of the existing sintering process in the production process, a brand new sintering process is needed, so that the emission problem of waste gas and pollutants of the sintering process is thoroughly solved, and the sustainable development of the sintering process and steel production is realized. In view of the above, the sintering method provided by the application can realize low-carbon sintering and has the characteristics of low sintering cost and low carbon emission.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of steps of a sintering method according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the sintering method provided in the present application includes the following steps S301 to S303, where:
s301, providing a sintering device as described in the above embodiment, and adding hydrogen-containing gas for combustion of the sinter by means of the hydrogenation section 205 of the sintering device.
S302, distributing a bedding material, a first mixture not containing solid fuel and a second mixture containing solid fuel on the trolley 201 in sequence to form a sintered material, wherein the sintered material is formed by layering the bedding material, the first mixture not containing solid fuel and the second mixture containing solid fuel on the trolley 201 from bottom to top;
regarding the bedding material, the part of the finished sinter with the grain size below 10 mm is used as the bedding material in the embodiment, the laying thickness of the bedding material can be 20-40 mm, and the functions of the bedding material of the bottom layer include: (1) the sintering pallet is protected, and the burning rate of related structural components is reduced. (2) Maintains a certain effective air draft area to improve the output of the sintering machine and reduce the return ratio. (3) Prolonging the service life of the rotor of the exhaust fan and improving the operation rate of the sintering machine. (4) The sintering operation condition is improved, and the sintering is convenient to automatically control. When the bottom material is not used, the sintering trolley is much scattered in the return lane, and a special material cleaning device is required to be arranged. After the bottom materials are paved, the phenomenon of grate bar sticking is basically eliminated, a material cleaning device is not needed, and the automatic control of the sintering machine is convenient to realize.
With respect to the first mixture, which is located in the middle layer of the sinter, the first mixture used in this example comprises ore with a fine composition, at least one fluxing agent, sinter returns from the subsequent sintering process and, if necessary, a binder.
Regarding the second mixture, the second mixture adopted in this embodiment is formed by mixing the first mixture with solid fuel, and the ratio of solid fuel mixed in the second mixture formed by mixing is 20-35 kg/t (mass ratio), specifically may be 20kg/t, 23kg/t, 25kg/t, 31kg/t, 35kg/t, etc., and the solid fuel may be coke powder or anthracite.
S303, starting an igniter to ignite and burn the sintering material, starting a negative pressure system at the same time, and adding hydrogen-containing gas to the sintering material by using a nozzle.
The sintering ignition needs to provide enough heat for the surface of the second mixture at the top to cause the solid fuel therein to burn, simultaneously sinter the mixture at the surface layer under the action of high-temperature flue gas in the igniter 208, and make the sintering process proceed from top to bottom by means of the suction of the negative pressure system 21, and it can be understood that, in practical implementation, the negative pressure fan 211 can be used to form negative pressure so that the heat and flue gas generated by the combustion at the upper layer of the sintered material are attracted to the material layers of the middle layer and the bottom layer. In this embodiment, when the igniter 208 is activated, the combustible gas emitted from the igniter 208 is ignited and sprayed onto the surface of the sinter, and the sinter is ignited and burned.
In the embodiment of the application, in the sintered material formed by layering and stacking, the first mixture in the middle layer is not doped with solid fuel, so that the carbon distribution amount is relatively reduced, and the hydrogen-containing gas sprayed above the material surface of the second mixture and the combustible gas generated in the combustion process of the second mixture are attracted to infiltrate into the first mixture under the action of the air draft of the negative pressure system 21, namely, the heat is supplemented into the material layer of the first mixture, and the sintering reaction is carried out in the material layer, so that the solid fuel consumption is reduced, and the emission of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can be reduced. By layering the above-described sinter, spraying a hydrogen-containing gas on the surface of the sinter, and sucking the combustion heat, the hydrogen-containing gas, and the like into the first mixture to which no solid fuel is added by the negative pressure system 21, the solid fuel consumption can be reduced to some extent, thereby reducing the emission of sintering pollutants. The sintering method, in some embodiments, the height of the cloth on the trolley satisfies at least one of the following limitations: the thickness of the bedding material is 20-40 mm, and can be specifically 20mm, 25mm, 32mm, 40mm and the like; the thickness of the first mixture is 1/6-1/5 of the height of the trolley-mounted material. It can be understood that the height of the breast board (not shown in the drawing) of the trolley determines the upper limit of the height of the bearing sintering material, the thickness of the second mixture is determined based on the height of the bearing material, the thickness of the base material and the thickness of the first mixture, in the embodiment of the application, the height (thickness) of the sintering material formed by stacking is controlled to be 800-1000 mm, specifically, 800mm, 825mm, 830mm, 840mm, 900mm, 960mm, 990mm, 1000mm and the like.
In some embodiments of the present application, the particle size of the first mixture is larger than the particle size of the second mixture, in some examples, the ratio (mass ratio) of the large particle size in the first mixture is higher than the ratio (mass ratio) of the large particle size in the second mixture, specifically, the ratio of the part of the first mixture with the particle size of 3mm or more is 80% or more, the ratio of the part of the second mixture with the same particle size distribution as the above is controlled to be 70% or less, so that the combustion heat and hydrogen-containing gas and the like on the upper layer of the sintering material are ensured to permeate into the first mixture under the action of the negative pressure system 21, and the first mixture is ignited for combustion, thereby completing the sintering of the part of the material. In addition, the applicant found that, when implementing the present embodiment, the relative sizes of the grade indexes of the first mixture and the second mixture are controlled, so that a better sintering effect can be achieved, and specifically, when the grade index of the first mixture is greater than the grade index of the second mixture (for example, the grade index of the first mixture is 1% -3% higher than the grade index of the second mixture), the first mixture is easier to sinter sufficiently by virtue of the combustion heat and the hydrogen-containing gas, etc. permeated by the suction effect of the negative pressure system 21.
In some embodiments, to fully utilize the thermal storage effect of the sinter bed to reduce unnecessary consumption of hydrogen-containing gas, the total amount of hydrogen added by the nozzles in each zone tends to decrease zone by zone along the direction of movement of the trolley 201.
The hydrogen-containing gas in the embodiment of the application comprises a mixed gas consisting of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Exemplary, first, second, and third hydrogenation zonesThe nozzle arrangement and the injected hydrogen-containing gas were as follows: in the primary hydrogenation zone, the distance between adjacent nozzles along the movement direction of the trolley 201 is 0.5-1.5 m, the distance between adjacent nozzles perpendicular to the movement direction of the trolley 201 is 0.3-0.5 m, the sprayed hydrogen-containing gas is a mixed gas of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, the volume ratio of the hydrogen, the oxygen and the nitrogen is 7:2:1, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 500-700 m 3 /h; in the secondary hydrogenation zone, the distance between adjacent nozzles along the movement direction of the trolley 201 is 0.8-1.5 m, the distance between adjacent nozzles perpendicular to the movement direction of the trolley 201 is 0.3-0.5 m, the sprayed hydrogen-containing gas is a mixed gas of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, the volume ratio of the hydrogen, the oxygen and the nitrogen is 7:2:1, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 400-500 m 3 /h; in the three-stage hydrogenation zone, the distance between adjacent nozzles along the moving direction of the trolley 201 is 0.9-1.5 m, the distance between adjacent nozzles perpendicular to the moving direction of the trolley 201 is 0.3-0.5 m, the sprayed hydrogen-containing gas is a mixed gas of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, the volume ratio of the hydrogen, the oxygen and the nitrogen is 6:3:1, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 200-400 m 3 And/h. By adopting the sintering process, the high-temperature section inside the sinter bed is kept at 1200-1400 ℃ by adding the hydrogen-containing gas, the holding time is prolonged to about 4min, the generation of liquid phase in the sinter is promoted, the fusion between 1-5 mm gaps is improved, the strength of the sinter is improved, meanwhile, the first mixture is free from adding solid fuel, the three-stage hydrogenation zone gradually reduces the adding mode of hydrogen, the heat storage effect of the bed is fully utilized, the consumption of energy is greatly reduced, the burning of hydrogen does not increase the carbon emission, and the environmental pressure is reduced. It should be noted that the above parameter values include the end values of the parameter range and any value in the middle of the end values.
In some embodiments, the area of the negative pressure system 21 sucked under the trolley is divided into a plurality of negative pressure areas, the divided negative pressure areas are located under the ignition section 203, the heat preservation section 204, and the first-stage hydrogenation zone 2051, the second-stage hydrogenation zone 2052, and the third-stage hydrogenation zone 2053 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the absolute values of the suction pressures of the ignition section 203, the heat preservation section 204, and the negative pressure areas corresponding to the first-stage hydrogenation zone 2051, the second-stage hydrogenation zone 2052, and the third-stage hydrogenation zone 2053 are in a trend from large to small, for example, the suction pressures of the negative pressure areas are sequentially-16 Kpa, -15Kpa, -14Kpa, -13Kpa, -12Kpa, and for this reason, each negative pressure area is provided with a negative pressure by the negative pressure fan 211 independent of each other. The negative pressure control mode from large to small is beneficial to ensuring that combustion heat, hydrogen-containing gas and the like infiltrate into the sintering material to be fully utilized, reducing loss, protecting the parts of the sintering equipment and avoiding high-heat smoke from being attracted to the bottom of the sintering equipment and damaging related parts.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (10)
1. A sintering apparatus, comprising:
the sintering machine comprises a trolley for loading and transporting sintering materials for sintering, and a sealed heat-insulating cover positioned above the trolley, wherein an ignition section, a heat-insulating section and a hydrogenation section are sequentially distributed between the trolley and the sealed heat-insulating cover along the moving direction of the trolley, the ignition section is provided with an igniter for igniting and burning the sintering materials, and the hydrogenation section is provided with a nozzle for adding hydrogen-containing gas to the sintering materials; the method comprises the steps of,
and the negative pressure system is positioned below the trolley and used for forming a negative pressure environment below the sintering material and collecting smoke and heat generated by ignition and combustion of the sintering material.
2. The sintering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogenation section comprises a plurality of zones distributed in sequence along the moving direction of the trolley, and each zone is independently configured with a hydrogen-containing gas flow rate.
3. Sintering apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the nozzles of each zone add a different composition and/or proportion of hydrogen-containing gas.
4. Sintering apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the gas sources to which the nozzles of each zone are connected are independent.
5. The sintering equipment of claim 2, wherein the hydrogenation section comprises a primary hydrogenation zone, a secondary hydrogenation zone and a tertiary hydrogenation zone which are distributed in sequence along the moving direction of the trolley, the primary hydrogenation zone length is 1/4-1/3 of the whole sintering material surface length, the secondary hydrogenation zone length is 1/5-1/4 of the whole sintering material surface length, and the tertiary hydrogenation zone length is 1/7~1/5 of the whole sintering material surface length.
6. A sintering method, comprising:
providing a sintering apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 5;
distributing the bedding material, the first mixture which does not comprise the solid fuel and the second mixture which comprises the solid fuel on the trolley in sequence to form a sintered material;
starting an igniter to ignite and burn the sintering material, starting a negative pressure system, and adding hydrogen-containing gas to the sintering material by using a nozzle.
7. The sintering method according to claim 6, wherein the height of the cloth on the trolley satisfies at least one of the following limitations:
the thickness of the bedding material is 20-40 mm;
the thickness of the first mixture is 1/6-1/5 of the height of the trolley-mounted material.
8. The sintering method according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the solid fuel to the second mixture is 20-35 kg/t.
9. The sintering method according to claim 6, wherein the amount of hydrogen added is reduced zone by zone along the movement direction of the trolley.
10. The sintering method according to claim 6, wherein the hydrogen-containing gas comprises a mixed gas composed of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
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